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* metal : add top-k MoE fusion Adds a Metal fusion for SOFT_MAX + ARGSORT + GET_ROWS with optional routing-weight normalization and scale, matching the top-k MoE fusion available in the CUDA and Vulkan backends. The fused kernel writes the selected expert ids and routing weights directly, eliding the separate softmax, argsort, get-rows, sum-rows, clamp, div and scale kernels. Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : add MoE weighted reduction fusion Fuses MUL(experts, weights) plus the expert VIEW/ADD chain into one kernel that computes the weighted sum directly. The graph_optimize hook keeps the expert and weight buffers alive until the fused output so the allocator cannot reuse them while the kernel is still reading them. Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * tests : expose MoE weighted reduction in fusion baseline Use 2 experts per token in the generated MoE test models so the Metal MoE weighted reduction fusion (MUL + ADD) is exercised by test-fusion. Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : fuse RMS_NORM + SCALE Adds NORM/RMS_NORM + SCALE fusion to the Metal backend by reusing the norm+mul kernel with a scalar scale flag. Adds test coverage for both NORM+SCALE and RMS_NORM+SCALE and regenerates the fusion baseline. Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : use function constant for RMS_NORM + SCALE Replaces the runtime use_scale karg with a Metal function constant. The norm+mul kernel is compiled with FC_norm_use_scale=false for MUL fusion and FC_norm_use_scale=true for SCALE fusion, so the fused kernel has no runtime branch. Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : use function constant for top-k MoE with_norm Replaces the runtime with_norm karg with a Metal function constant. The top-k MoE kernel is compiled separately for the normalized and non-normalized routing variants, removing the runtime branch. Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : rename moe_weighted_reduction suffix to moe_reduce Shortens the MoE weighted-reduction fusion identifiers, kernel, pipeline, matcher, args struct, and test op name from moe_weighted_reduction to moe_reduce. Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : add MUL_MAT + UNARY and MUL_MAT + ADD + UNARY fusion Adds dense mat-vec activation fusion for sigmoid/silu and bias+softplus. The mat-vec kernels apply the activation/bias epilogue via function constants, avoiding the separate unary/add passes. Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : revert MUL_MAT + UNARY and MUL_MAT + ADD + UNARY fusion The mat-vec activation fusion regressed decode throughput on Qwen3.6-35B-A3B by ~8% (tg32 81.5 vs 88.5 t/s). The regression is caused by loss of concurrency: the standalone unary kernels previously overlapped with other mat-vec work, while fusing the activation into the mat-vec kernel serializes it on the critical path. Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : add SSM_CONV + UNARY (silu) fusion The SSM_CONV kernels apply silu directly via a function constant, eliding the separate unary pass. Regenerates the fusion baseline. Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : address fusion review comments - Fix declaration/table alignment - Rename top-k MoE kargs fields to val_clamp / val_scale - Move moe-reduce alloc-deps handling into a general fusion helper - Remove the public moe-reduce matcher API Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : fix unused parameter in top-k MoE fusion check Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : guard SSM_CONV fusion lookup behind use_fusion Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : track all fused outputs in graph reorder Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : keep top-k MoE logits alive until fused output Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : refactor alloc deps to pattern-driven approach Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : check fused kernel destination in concurrency tracking Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * meta : forward graph_optimize to underlying backends Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : use vector for fusion table Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * meta : keep graph_optimize unimplemented Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * parallel : fix non-deterministic prompt selection Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * parallel : support dummy models and add global logits run hash Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : sync cross-device copies with destination completion event Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : avoid const_cast in fusion alloc deps Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : skip fusions with aliased sources Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : hide fusion pattern definition Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : use vector fusion op sequences Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : drop redundant struct keywords Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : add alloc deps comment separator Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : generalize fusion output memory ranges Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : rename fusion out_offsets to outs Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : avoid dst vector in memory range check Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : optimize fusion matching and multi-output handling - use pointer arithmetic for fusion info count lookup - avoid heap allocations in top-k MoE and MoE reduce pattern matchers - use fusion outs for multi-output subgraph checks Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * Revert "parallel : support dummy models and add global logits run hash" This reverts commit 57c7caf941c1b43c270fd5009c9f175063522e96. * fusion : update MTL.csv * metal : unroll constant loops in top-k MoE kernel Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : use function constants for top-k MoE n_expert and top_k Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : rename fusion kargs to scale and clamp Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * metal : use function constants for moe_reduce and ssm_conv Assisted-by: pi:llama.cpp/DeepSeek-V4-Flash-Vision-Exp * fusion : update MTL.csv
llama.cpp/example/parallel
Simplified simulation of serving incoming requests in parallel
Example
Generate 128 client requests (-ns 128), simulating 8 concurrent clients (-np 8). The system prompt is shared (-pps), meaning that it is computed once at the start. The client requests consist of up to 10 junk questions (--junk 10) followed by the actual question.
llama-parallel -m model.gguf -np 8 -ns 128 --top-k 1 -pps --junk 10 -c 16384
Note
It's recommended to use base models with this example. Instruction tuned models might not be able to properly follow the custom chat template specified here, so the results might not be as expected.