new: gpu package (#224)

When HF_HUB_OFFLINE is set to a truthy value (1, true, yes, on),
download_model() should treat local_files_only=True to avoid any
network calls. Currently, even with the local-cache-first pass (which
may fail due to missing metadata), the retry loop still calls
download_files_from_huggingface() without local_files_only, which
triggers model_info() — a network API call that immediately fails in
offline mode. This causes an unnecessary fallback to GCS download from
storage.googleapis.com.

By setting local_files_only=True when HF_HUB_OFFLINE is enabled:

1. The HF local cache pass works if the model is cached
2. The retry loop skips the network-dependent HF path entirely
3. retrieve_model_gcs() only checks for local fast-* directories
4. No network calls are attempted at all

The truthy value check aligns with huggingface_hub's own parsing of
HF_HUB_OFFLINE, which accepts "1", "true", "yes", "on" (case-insensitive).

This is critical for air-gapped / restricted environments where both
HuggingFace and Google Cloud Storage are unreachable.

Made-with: Cursor

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-report.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-name: Bug/New Model Request
-description: File a bug report/Request a new Model
-title: "[Bug/Model Request]: "
+name: Bug
+description: File a bug report
+title: "[Bug]: "
 body:
   - type: markdown
     attributes:
@@ -10,11 +10,22 @@ body:
     id: what-happened
     attributes:
       label: What happened?
-      description: Also tell us, what did you expect to happen?
-      placeholder: Tell us what you see!
-      value: "A bug happened!"
+      description: Describe the error you encountered.
+      placeholder: <Description>
     validations:
       required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: expected
+    attributes:
+      label: What is the expected behaviour?
+      description: Describe the way you expected the code to behave.
+      placeholder: <Description>
+  - type: textarea
+    id: code-snippet
+    attributes:
+      label: A minimal reproducible example
+      description: It would really help us to fix the problem if you could provide a code snippet that reproduces the issue.
+      placeholder: <Code snippet>
   - type: textarea
     id: python-version
     attributes:
@@ -23,21 +34,12 @@ body:
       placeholder: Python3.10
     validations:
       required: true
-  - type: dropdown
+  - type: textarea
     id: version
     attributes:
-      label: Version
+      label: FastEmbed version
       description: What version of FastEmbed are you running? python -c "import fastembed; print(fastembed.__version__)". If you're not on the latest, please upgrade and see if the problem persists.
-      options:
-        - 0.2.7 (Latest)
-        - 0.2.6
-        - 0.2.5
-        - 0.2.4 
-        - 0.2.3 
-        - 0.2.2
-        - 0.2.1
-        - 0.1.x 
-      default: 0
+      placeholder: v0.7.4
     validations:
       required: true
   - type: dropdown

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yaml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-blank_issues_enabled: false
+blank_issues_enabled: true
 contact_links:
   - name: GitHub Community Support
     url: https://github.com/qdrant/fastembed/discussions

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: Feature
+description: New functionality request
+title: "[Feature]: "
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this report!
+  - type: textarea
+    id: feature-description
+    attributes:
+      label: What feature would you like to request?
+      description: Please provide the description of the feature you would like to request.
+      placeholder: <Description>
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: additional-info
+    attributes:
+      label: Is there any additional information you would like to provide?
+      description: Please provide any additional information that you think might be useful.
+      placeholder: <Info>

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/model-request.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: Model
+description: Request a new model
+title: "[Model]: "
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this report!
+  - type: textarea
+    id: model-name
+    attributes:
+      label: Which model would you like to support?
+      description: Please provide the name of the model you would like to see supported.
+      placeholder: Link to the model (e.g. on HuggingFace)
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: motivation
+    attributes:
+      label: What are the main advantages of this model?
+      description: Please describe the main advantages of this model comparing to the existing ones and provide links to benchmarks if there are any.
+      placeholder: <Description>

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+### All Submissions:
+
+* [ ] Have you followed the guidelines in our Contributing document?
+* [ ] Have you checked to ensure there aren't other open [Pull Requests](../../../pulls) for the same update/change?
+
+<!-- You can erase any parts of this template not applicable to your Pull Request. -->
+
+### New Feature Submissions:
+
+* [ ] Does your submission pass the existing tests?
+* [ ] Have you added tests for your feature?
+* [ ] Have you installed `pre-commit` with `pip3 install pre-commit` and set up hooks with `pre-commit install`?
+
+### New models submission:
+
+* [ ] Have you added an explanation of why it's important to include this model?
+* [ ] Have you added tests for the new model? Were canonical values for tests computed via the original model?
+* [ ] Have you added the code snippet for how canonical values were computed?
+* [ ] Have you successfully ran tests with your changes locally?

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -21,5 +21,5 @@ jobs:
           path: .cache
           restore-keys: |
             mkdocs-material-
-      - run: pip install mkdocs-material mkdocstrings pillow cairosvg mknotebooks
+      - run: pip install mkdocs-material mkdocstrings==0.27.0 pillow cairosvg mknotebooks
       - run: mkdocs gh-deploy --force

.github/workflows/python-publish.yml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Set up Python
       uses: actions/setup-python@v2
       with:
-        python-version: '3.9.x'
+        python-version: '3.10.x'
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         python -m pip install poetry

.github/workflows/python-tests.yml

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 name: Tests
+run-name: Tests (gpu)
 
 on:
-  push:
-    branches: [ master, main, gpu ]
-  schedule:
-    - cron: 0 0 * * *
   pull_request:
+    branches: [ master, main, gpu ]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
 
 env:
   CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
@@ -16,15 +16,12 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         python-version:
-          - '3.8.x'
-          - '3.9.x'
           - '3.10.x'
           - '3.11.x'
           - '3.12.x'
+          - '3.13.x'
         os:
           - ubuntu-latest
-          - macos-latest
-          - windows-latest
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
 
@@ -40,15 +37,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           python -m pip install poetry
           poetry config virtualenvs.create false
-          poetry install --no-interaction --no-ansi --without docs
-
-      - name: Install Test Dependencies
-        run: pip install pytest pytest-md pytest-emoji
+          poetry install --no-interaction --no-ansi --without dev,docs
 
       - name: Run pytest
-        uses: pavelzw/pytest-action@v2
-        with:
-            verbose: true
-            emoji: true
-            job-summary: true
-            report-title: 'FastEmbed Test Report'
+        env:
+          HF_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.HF_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          poetry run pytest

.github/workflows/type-checkers.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+name: type-checkers
+
+on: [push]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: true
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest]
+
+    name: Python ${{ matrix.python-version }} test
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v1
+
+      - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip poetry
+          poetry install --no-interaction --no-ansi --without dev,docs,test
+
+      - name: mypy
+        run: |
+            poetry run mypy fastembed \
+              --disallow-incomplete-defs \
+              --disallow-untyped-defs \
+              --disable-error-code=import-untyped
+
+      - name: pyright
+        run: |
+          poetry run pyright tests/type_stub.py

NOTICE

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Copyright 2024 Qdrant
+
+This product includes software developed by Qdrant
+
+This distribution includes the following Jina AI models, each with its respective license:
+- jinaai/jina-colbert-v2
+    - License: cc-by-nc-4.0
+- jinaai/jina-reranker-v2-base-multilingual
+    - License: cc-by-nc-4.0
+- jinaai/jina-embeddings-v3
+    - License: cc-by-nc-4.0
+
+These models are developed by Jina (https://jina.ai/) and are subject to Jina AI's licensing terms.
+
+This distribution includes the following Google models, each with its respective license:
+- vidore/colpali-v1.3
+    - License: gemma
+
+Gemma is provided under and subject to the Gemma Terms of Use found at ai.google.dev/gemma/terms
+
+Additional Notes:
+This project also includes third-party libraries with their respective licenses. Please refer to the documentation of each library for details regarding its usage and licensing terms.

README.md

@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ pip install fastembed-gpu
 
 ```python
 from fastembed import TextEmbedding
-from typing import List
+
 
 # Example list of documents
-documents: List[str] = [
+documents: list[str] = [
     "This is built to be faster and lighter than other embedding libraries e.g. Transformers, Sentence-Transformers, etc.",
     "fastembed is supported by and maintained by Qdrant.",
 ]
@@ -63,6 +63,23 @@ embeddings = list(model.embed(documents))
 
 ```
 
+Dense text embedding can also be extended with models which are not in the list of supported models.
+
+```python
+from fastembed import TextEmbedding
+from fastembed.common.model_description import PoolingType, ModelSource
+
+TextEmbedding.add_custom_model(
+    model="intfloat/multilingual-e5-small",
+    pooling=PoolingType.MEAN,
+    normalization=True,
+    sources=ModelSource(hf="intfloat/multilingual-e5-small"),  # can be used with an `url` to load files from a private storage
+    dim=384,
+    model_file="onnx/model.onnx",  # can be used to load an already supported model with another optimization or quantization, e.g. onnx/model_O4.onnx
+)
+model = TextEmbedding(model_name="intfloat/multilingual-e5-small")
+embeddings = list(model.embed(documents))
+```
 
 
 ### 🔱 Sparse text embeddings
@@ -137,6 +154,58 @@ embeddings = list(model.embed(images))
 # ]
 ```
 
+### Late interaction multimodal models (ColPali)
+
+```python
+from fastembed import LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding
+
+doc_images = [
+    "./path/to/qdrant_pdf_doc_1_screenshot.jpg",
+    "./path/to/colpali_pdf_doc_2_screenshot.jpg",
+]
+
+query = "What is Qdrant?"
+
+model = LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding(model_name="Qdrant/colpali-v1.3-fp16")
+doc_images_embeddings = list(model.embed_image(doc_images))
+# shape (2, 1030, 128)
+# [array([[-0.03353882, -0.02090454, ..., -0.15576172, -0.07678223]], dtype=float32)]
+query_embedding = model.embed_text(query)
+# shape (1, 20, 128)
+# [array([[-0.00218201,  0.14758301, ...,  -0.02207947,  0.16833496]], dtype=float32)]
+```
+
+### 🔄 Rerankers
+```python
+from fastembed.rerank.cross_encoder import TextCrossEncoder
+
+query = "Who is maintaining Qdrant?"
+documents: list[str] = [
+    "This is built to be faster and lighter than other embedding libraries e.g. Transformers, Sentence-Transformers, etc.",
+    "fastembed is supported by and maintained by Qdrant.",
+]
+encoder = TextCrossEncoder(model_name="Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2")
+scores = list(encoder.rerank(query, documents))
+
+# [-11.48061752319336, 5.472434997558594]
+```
+
+Text cross encoders can also be extended with models which are not in the list of supported models.
+
+```python
+from fastembed.rerank.cross_encoder import TextCrossEncoder 
+from fastembed.common.model_description import ModelSource
+
+TextCrossEncoder.add_custom_model(
+    model="Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-4-v2",
+    model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    sources=ModelSource(hf="Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-4-v2"),
+)
+model = TextCrossEncoder(model_name="Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-4-v2")
+scores = list(model.rerank_pairs(
+    [("What is AI?", "Artificial intelligence is ..."), ("What is ML?", "Machine learning is ..."),]
+))
+```
 
 ## ⚡️ FastEmbed on a GPU
 
@@ -147,7 +216,7 @@ It requires installation of the `fastembed-gpu` package.
 pip install fastembed-gpu
 ```
 
-Check our [example](https://qdrant.github.io/fastembed/examples/FastEmbed_GPU/) for detailed instructions and CUDA 12.x support.
+Check our [example](https://qdrant.github.io/fastembed/examples/FastEmbed_GPU/) for detailed instructions, CUDA 12.x support and troubleshooting of the common issues.
 
 ```python
 from fastembed import TextEmbedding
@@ -177,36 +246,36 @@ pip install qdrant-client[fastembed-gpu]
 You might have to use quotes ```pip install 'qdrant-client[fastembed]'``` on zsh.
 
 ```python
-from qdrant_client import QdrantClient
+from qdrant_client import QdrantClient, models
 
 # Initialize the client
 client = QdrantClient("localhost", port=6333) # For production
-# client = QdrantClient(":memory:") # For small experiments
+# client = QdrantClient(":memory:") # For experimentation
 
-# Prepare your documents, metadata, and IDs
-docs = ["Qdrant has Langchain integrations", "Qdrant also has Llama Index integrations"]
-metadata = [
-    {"source": "Langchain-docs"},
-    {"source": "Llama-index-docs"},
+model_name = "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2"
+payload = [
+    {"document": "Qdrant has Langchain integrations", "source": "Langchain-docs", },
+    {"document": "Qdrant also has Llama Index integrations", "source": "LlamaIndex-docs"},
 ]
+docs = [models.Document(text=data["document"], model=model_name) for data in payload]
 ids = [42, 2]
 
-# If you want to change the model:
-# client.set_model("sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2")
-# List of supported models: https://qdrant.github.io/fastembed/examples/Supported_Models
-
-# Use the new add() instead of upsert()
-# This internally calls embed() of the configured embedding model
-client.add(
-    collection_name="demo_collection",
-    documents=docs,
-    metadata=metadata,
-    ids=ids
+client.create_collection(
+    "demo_collection",
+    vectors_config=models.VectorParams(
+        size=client.get_embedding_size(model_name), distance=models.Distance.COSINE)
 )
 
-search_result = client.query(
+client.upload_collection(
     collection_name="demo_collection",
-    query_text="This is a query document"
+    vectors=docs,
+    ids=ids,
+    payload=payload,
 )
+
+search_result = client.query_points(
+    collection_name="demo_collection",
+    query=models.Document(text="This is a query document", model=model_name)
+).points
 print(search_result)
 ```

docs/Getting Started.ipynb

@@ -65,15 +65,13 @@
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "from typing import List\n",
-    "\n",
     "import numpy as np\n",
     "\n",
     "from fastembed import TextEmbedding\n",
     "\n",
     "\n",
     "# Example list of documents\n",
-    "documents: List[str] = [\n",
+    "documents: list[str] = [\n",
     "    \"This is built to be faster and lighter than other embedding libraries e.g. Transformers, Sentence-Transformers, etc.\",\n",
     "    \"fastembed is supported by and maintained by Qdrant.\",\n",
     "]\n",

docs/examples/ColBERT_with_FastEmbed.ipynb

@@ -54,7 +54,14 @@
     },
     {
      "data": {
-      "text/plain": "[{'model': 'colbert-ir/colbertv2.0',\n  'dim': 128,\n  'description': 'Late interaction model',\n  'size_in_GB': 0.44,\n  'sources': {'hf': 'colbert-ir/colbertv2.0'},\n  'model_file': 'model.onnx'}]"
+      "text/plain": [
+       "[{'model': 'colbert-ir/colbertv2.0',\n",
+       "  'dim': 128,\n",
+       "  'description': 'Late interaction model',\n",
+       "  'size_in_GB': 0.44,\n",
+       "  'sources': {'hf': 'colbert-ir/colbertv2.0'},\n",
+       "  'model_file': 'model.onnx'}]"
+      ]
      },
      "execution_count": 1,
      "metadata": {},
@@ -212,7 +219,9 @@
    "outputs": [
     {
      "data": {
-      "text/plain": "((26, 128), (32, 128))"
+      "text/plain": [
+       "((26, 128), (32, 128))"
+      ]
      },
      "execution_count": 18,
      "metadata": {},
@@ -271,7 +280,9 @@
     "import numpy as np\n",
     "\n",
     "\n",
-    "def compute_relevance_scores(query_embedding: np.array, document_embeddings: np.array, k: int):\n",
+    "def compute_relevance_scores(\n",
+    "    query_embedding: np.array, document_embeddings: np.array, k: int\n",
+    ") -> list[int]:\n",
     "    \"\"\"\n",
     "    Compute relevance scores for top-k documents given a query.\n",
     "\n",

docs/examples/FastEmbed_GPU.ipynb

@@ -37,28 +37,7 @@
     "id": "3aiGPqjCeGzo"
    },
    "source": [
-    "**NOTE**: `onnxruntime-gpu` and `onnxruntime` can't be installed in the same environment. If you have `onnxruntime` installed, you would need to uninstall it before installing `onnxruntime-gpu`. Same is true for `fastembed` and `fastembed-gpu`.\n",
-    "\n",
-    "### CUDA 12.x support\n",
-    "\n",
-    "By default `onnxruntime-gpu` is shipped with CUDA 11.8 support.\n",
-    "CUDA 12.x support requires installation of `onnxruntime-gpu` with providing of a direct url:"
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {
-    "colab": {
-     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
-    },
-    "id": "OoSfWFFZeJ5t",
-    "outputId": "417b9332-6a7b-4000-c74b-4ed2b5b76590"
-   },
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "!pip install onnxruntime-gpu -i https://aiinfra.pkgs.visualstudio.com/PublicPackages/_packaging/onnxruntime-cuda-12/pypi/simple/ -qq\n",
-    "!pip install fastembed-gpu -qqq"
+    "**NOTE**: `onnxruntime-gpu` and `onnxruntime` can't be installed in the same environment. If you have `onnxruntime` installed, you would need to uninstall it before installing `onnxruntime-gpu`. Same is true for `fastembed` and `fastembed-gpu`."
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -67,9 +46,65 @@
     "id": "3xx3r-9jgAMi"
    },
    "source": [
+    "### CUDA 12.x support\n",
     "You can check your CUDA version using such commands as `nvidia-smi` or `nvcc --version`\n",
     "\n",
-    "Google Colab notebooks have CUDA 12.x."
+    "Starting from version 1.19.0, onnxruntime-gpu ships with support for CUDA 12.x by default.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Google Colab notebooks have by default CUDA 12.x and CuDNN 8.x.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Latest version of `onnxruntime-gpu` requires CuDNN 9.x, in order to install it you can run the following command: "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "!sudo apt install cudnn9\n",
+    "!pip install fastembed-gpu -qqq"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "If it necessary to work with CuDNN 8, you can consider locking `onnxruntime-gpu` to 1.18.0 with CUDA 12.x by this command:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "!pip install onnxruntime-gpu==1.18.0 -i https://aiinfra.pkgs.visualstudio.com/PublicPackages/_packaging/onnxruntime-cuda-12/pypi/simple/ -qq\n",
+    "!pip install fastembed-gpu -qqq"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### CUDA 11.x support\n",
+    "To use latest version of `onnxruntime-gpu` with CUDA 11.x, you can run the following command:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "!pip install onnxruntime-gpu -i https://aiinfra.pkgs.visualstudio.com/PublicPackages/_packaging/onnxruntime-cuda-11/pypi/simple/ -qq"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "**NOTE**: Ensure that CuDNN 9.x is installed when working with the latest `onnxruntime-gpu`, whether using CUDA 11.x or 12.x."
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -82,7 +117,80 @@
     "\n",
     "FastEmbed does not include CUDA drivers and CuDNN libraries.\n",
     "You would need to take care of the environment setup on your own.\n",
-    "Dependencies required for the chosen onnxruntime version can be found [here](https://onnxruntime.ai/docs/execution-providers/CUDA-ExecutionProvider.html#requirements)"
+    "The dependencies required for the chosen onnxruntime version are listed in the [CUDA Execution Provider requirements](https://onnxruntime.ai/docs/execution-providers/CUDA-ExecutionProvider.html#requirements)."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Setting up fastembed-gpu on GCP\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#### CUDA drivers\n",
+    "[CUDA 11.8 toolkit](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-11-8-0-download-archive) or [CUDA 12.x toolkit](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads) has to be installed if they haven't yet been set up.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#### Example of setting up CUDA 12.x on Ubuntu 22.04\n",
+    "Make sure to download an archive which has been created for your particular platform, CPU architecture and OS distribution.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "For Ubuntu 22.04 with x86_64 CPU architecture the following [archive](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads?target_os=Linux&target_arch=x86_64&Distribution=Ubuntu&target_version=22.04&target_type=deb_network) has to be downloaded.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```bash\n",
+    "wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2204/x86_64/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb\n",
+    "sudo dpkg -i cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb\n",
+    "sudo apt-get update\n",
+    "sudo apt-get -y install cuda\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "**NOTE**: Specific CUDA libraries can be found in the [meta packages section](https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/#meta-packages) in the CUDA installation guide.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "**NOTE**: When installing CUDA, the environment variable might not be set by default. Make sure to add the following line to your environment variables:\n",
+    "```bash\n",
+    "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "This will ensure that the CUDA libraries are properly linked.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#### CuDNN 9.x\n",
+    "CuDNN 9.x library can be installed via the following [archive](https://developer.nvidia.com/rdp/cudnn-archive).\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#### Example of setting up CuDNN 9.x on Ubuntu 22.04\n",
+    "CuDNN 9.x for Ubuntu 22.04 x86_64 [archive](https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn-downloads?target_os=Linux&target_arch=x86_64&Distribution=Ubuntu&target_version=22.04&target_type=deb_network) can be downloaded and installed in the following way:\n",
+    "```bash\n",
+    "wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2204/x86_64/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb\n",
+    "sudo dpkg -i cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb\n",
+    "sudo apt-get update\n",
+    "sudo apt-get -y install cudnn\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "**NOTE**: When installing CuDNN, you can choose specific version, cudnn-cuda-11 or cudnn-cuda-12"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Common issues\n",
+    "\n",
+    "The following are some common issues that may arise while using `fastembed-gpu` if not installed properly:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "CUDA library is not installed:\n",
+    "```bash\n",
+    "FAIL : Failed to load library libonnxruntime_providers_cuda.so with error: libcublasLt.so.x: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "CuDNN library is not installed:\n",
+    "```bash\n",
+    "FAIL : Failed to load library libonnxruntime_providers_cuda.so with error: libcudnn.so.x: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "CUDA library path is not set:\n",
+    "```bash\n",
+    "FAIL : Failed to load library libonnxruntime_providers_cuda.so with error: libcufft.so.x: failed to map segment from shared object\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Make sure to add the following line to your environment variables:\n",
+    "```bash\n",
+    "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH\n",
+    "```"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -280,8 +388,6 @@
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "from typing import List\n",
-    "\n",
     "import numpy as np\n",
     "\n",
     "from fastembed import TextEmbedding\n",
@@ -299,9 +405,7 @@
     "id": "iPtoHf7GeV-i"
    },
    "outputs": [],
-   "source": [
-    "documents: List[str] = list(np.repeat(\"Demonstrating GPU acceleration in fastembed\", 500))"
-   ]
+   "source": "documents: list[str] = list(np.repeat(\"Demonstrating GPU acceleration in fastembed\", 500))"
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",

docs/examples/FastEmbed_Multi_GPU.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Fastembed Multi-GPU Tutorial\n",
+    "This tutorial demonstrates how to leverage multi-GPU support in Fastembed. Fastembed supports embedding text and images utilizing modern GPUs for acceleration. Let's explore how to use Fastembed with multiple GPUs step by step."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "#### Prerequisites\n",
+    "To get started, ensure you have the following installed:\n",
+    "- Python 3.9 or later\n",
+    "- Fastembed (`pip install fastembed-gpu`)\n",
+    "- Refer to [this](https://github.com/qdrant/fastembed/blob/main/docs/examples/FastEmbed_GPU.ipynb) tutorial if you have issues with GPU dependencies\n",
+    "- Access to a multi-GPU server"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Multi-GPU using cuda argument with TextEmbedding Model"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "from fastembed import TextEmbedding\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# define the documents to embed\n",
+    "docs = [\"hello world\", \"flag embedding\"] * 100\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# define gpu ids\n",
+    "device_ids = [0, 1]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n",
+    "    # initialize a TextEmbedding model using CUDA\n",
+    "    text_model = TextEmbedding(\n",
+    "        model_name=\"sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2\",\n",
+    "        cuda=True,\n",
+    "        device_ids=device_ids,\n",
+    "        lazy_load=True,\n",
+    "    )\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # generate embeddings\n",
+    "    text_embeddings = list(text_model.embed(docs, batch_size=2, parallel=len(device_ids)))\n",
+    "    print(text_embeddings)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "In this snippet:\n",
+    "- `cuda=True` enables GPU acceleration.\n",
+    "- `device_ids=[0, 1]` specifies GPUs to use. Replace `[0, 1]` with available GPU IDs.\n",
+    "- `lazy_load=True`\n",
+    "\n",
+    "**NOTE**: When using multi-GPU settings, it is important to configure `parallel` and `lazy_load` properly to avoid inefficiencies:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "`parallel`: This parameter enables multi-GPU support by spawning child processes for each GPU specified in device_ids. To ensure proper utilization, the value of `parallel` must match the number of GPUs in device_ids. If using a single GPU, this parameter is not necessary.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "`lazy_load`: Enabling `lazy_load` prevents redundant memory usage. Without `lazy_load`, the model is initially loaded into the memory of the first GPU by the main process. When child processes are spawned for each GPU, the model is reloaded on the first GPU, causing redundant memory consumption and inefficiencies."
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": ".venv",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "name": "python",
+   "version": "3.10.15"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

docs/examples/FastEmbed_vs_HF_Comparison.ipynb

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "import time\n",
-    "from typing import Callable, List, Tuple\n",
+    "from typing import Callable\n",
     "\n",
     "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
     "import torch.nn.functional as F\n",
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
    ],
    "source": [
     "import fastembed\n",
+    "\n",
     "fastembed.__version__"
    ]
   },
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "documents: List[str] = [\n",
+    "documents: list[str] = [\n",
     "    \"Chandrayaan-3 is India's third lunar mission\",\n",
     "    \"It aimed to land a rover on the Moon's surface - joining the US, China and Russia\",\n",
     "    \"The mission is a follow-up to Chandrayaan-2, which had partial success\",\n",
@@ -151,11 +152,11 @@
     "    HuggingFace Transformer implementation of FlagEmbedding\n",
     "    \"\"\"\n",
     "\n",
-    "    def __init__(self, model_id: str):\n",
+    "    def __init__(self, model_id: str) -> None:\n",
     "        self.model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(model_id)\n",
     "        self.tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)\n",
     "\n",
-    "    def embed(self, texts: List[str]):\n",
+    "    def embed(self, texts: list[str]):\n",
     "        encoded_input = self.tokenizer(\n",
     "            texts, max_length=512, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors=\"pt\"\n",
     "        )\n",
@@ -254,7 +255,7 @@
     "\n",
     "def calculate_time_stats(\n",
     "    embed_func: Callable, documents: list, k: int\n",
-    ") -> Tuple[float, float, float]:\n",
+    ") -> tuple[float, float, float]:\n",
     "    times = []\n",
     "    for _ in range(k):\n",
     "        # Timing the embed_func call\n",
@@ -309,7 +310,7 @@
    ],
    "source": [
     "def plot_character_per_second_comparison(\n",
-    "    hf_stats: Tuple[float, float, float], fst_stats: Tuple[float, float, float], documents: list\n",
+    "    hf_stats: tuple[float, float, float], fst_stats: tuple[float, float, float], documents: list\n",
     "):\n",
     "    # Calculating total characters in documents\n",
     "    total_characters = sum(len(doc) for doc in documents)\n",

docs/examples/Hindi_Tamil_RAG_with_Navarasa7B.ipynb

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 21,
+   "execution_count": null,
    "metadata": {
     "ExecuteTime": {
      "end_time": "2024-03-30T00:45:24.814968Z",
@@ -58,8 +58,6 @@
    },
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "from typing import List\n",
-    "\n",
     "import numpy as np\n",
     "from datasets import load_dataset\n",
     "from peft import AutoPeftModelForCausalLM\n",
@@ -72,11 +70,11 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 23,
+   "execution_count": null,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "hf_token = <YOUR_HF_TOKEN_HERE>  # Get your token from https://huggingface.co/settings/token, needed for Gemma weights"
+    "hf_token = \"<YOUR_HF_TOKEN_HERE>\"  # Get your token from https://huggingface.co/settings/token, needed for Gemma weights"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -246,7 +244,7 @@
    },
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "context_embeddings: List[np.ndarray] = list(\n",
+    "context_embeddings: list[np.ndarray] = list(\n",
     "    embedding_model.embed(contexts)\n",
     ")  # Note the list() call - this is a generator"
    ]

docs/examples/Hybrid_Search.ipynb

@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "import json\n",
-    "from typing import List, Tuple\n",
     "\n",
     "import numpy as np\n",
     "import pandas as pd\n",
@@ -489,11 +488,11 @@
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "def make_sparse_embedding(texts: List[str]):\n",
+    "def make_sparse_embedding(texts: list[str]) -> list[SparseEmbedding]:\n",
     "    return list(sparse_model.embed(texts, batch_size=32))\n",
     "\n",
     "\n",
-    "sparse_embedding: List[SparseEmbedding] = make_sparse_embedding(\n",
+    "sparse_embedding: list[SparseEmbedding] = make_sparse_embedding(\n",
     "    [\"Fastembed is a great library for text embeddings!\"]\n",
     ")\n",
     "sparse_embedding"
@@ -616,7 +615,7 @@
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "def get_tokens_and_weights(sparse_embedding, model_name):\n",
+    "def get_tokens_and_weights(sparse_embedding, model_name) -> dict[str, float]:\n",
     "    # Find the tokenizer for the model\n",
     "    tokenizer_source = None\n",
     "    for model_info in SparseTextEmbedding.list_supported_models():\n",
@@ -627,7 +626,7 @@
     "            raise ValueError(f\"Model {model_name} not found in the supported models.\")\n",
     "\n",
     "    tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(tokenizer_source)\n",
-    "    token_weight_dict = {}\n",
+    "    token_weight_dict: dict[str, float] = {}\n",
     "    for i in range(len(sparse_embedding.indices)):\n",
     "        token = tokenizer.decode([sparse_embedding.indices[i]])\n",
     "        weight = sparse_embedding.values[i]\n",
@@ -662,7 +661,7 @@
    },
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "def make_dense_embedding(texts: List[str]):\n",
+    "def make_dense_embedding(texts: list[str]):\n",
     "    return list(dense_model.embed(texts))\n",
     "\n",
     "\n",
@@ -872,7 +871,7 @@
    },
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "def make_points(df: pd.DataFrame) -> List[PointStruct]:\n",
+    "def make_points(df: pd.DataFrame) -> list[PointStruct]:\n",
     "    sparse_vectors = df[\"sparse_embedding\"].tolist()\n",
     "    product_texts = df[\"combined_text\"].tolist()\n",
     "    dense_vectors = df[\"dense_embedding\"].tolist()\n",
@@ -899,7 +898,7 @@
     "    return points\n",
     "\n",
     "\n",
-    "points: List[PointStruct] = make_points(df)"
+    "points: list[PointStruct] = make_points(df)"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -942,8 +941,8 @@
    "source": [
     "def search(query_text: str):\n",
     "    # # Compute sparse and dense vectors\n",
-    "    query_sparse_vectors: List[SparseEmbedding] = make_sparse_embedding([query_text])\n",
-    "    query_dense_vector: List[np.ndarray] = make_dense_embedding([query_text])\n",
+    "    query_sparse_vectors: list[SparseEmbedding] = make_sparse_embedding([query_text])\n",
+    "    query_dense_vector: list[np.ndarray] = make_dense_embedding([query_text])\n",
     "\n",
     "    search_results = client.search_batch(\n",
     "        collection_name=collection_name,\n",
@@ -1075,7 +1074,7 @@
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "def rank_list(search_result: List[ScoredPoint]):\n",
+    "def rank_list(search_result: list[ScoredPoint]):\n",
     "    return [(point.id, rank + 1) for rank, point in enumerate(search_result)]\n",
     "\n",
     "\n",
@@ -1149,7 +1148,7 @@
    ],
    "source": [
     "def find_point_by_id(\n",
-    "    client: QdrantClient, collection_name: str, rrf_rank_list: List[Tuple[int, float]]\n",
+    "    client: QdrantClient, collection_name: str, rrf_rank_list: list[tuple[int, float]]\n",
     "):\n",
     "    return client.retrieve(\n",
     "        collection_name=collection_name, ids=[item[0] for item in rrf_rank_list]\n",

docs/examples/SPLADE_with_FastEmbed.ipynb

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 2,
+   "execution_count": null,
    "metadata": {
     "ExecuteTime": {
      "end_time": "2024-03-30T00:49:20.516644Z",
@@ -56,8 +56,7 @@
    },
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "from fastembed import SparseTextEmbedding, SparseEmbedding\n",
-    "from typing import List"
+    "from fastembed import SparseTextEmbedding, SparseEmbedding"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -134,7 +133,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 5,
+   "execution_count": null,
    "metadata": {
     "ExecuteTime": {
      "end_time": "2024-03-30T00:49:28.624109Z",
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@
    },
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "documents: List[str] = [\n",
+    "documents: list[str] = [\n",
     "    \"Chandrayaan-3 is India's third lunar mission\",\n",
     "    \"It aimed to land a rover on the Moon's surface - joining the US, China and Russia\",\n",
     "    \"The mission is a follow-up to Chandrayaan-2, which had partial success\",\n",
@@ -157,7 +156,7 @@
     "    \"Chandrayaan-3 was launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota\",\n",
     "    \"Chandrayaan-3 was launched earlier in the year 2023\",\n",
     "]\n",
-    "sparse_embeddings_list: List[SparseEmbedding] = list(\n",
+    "sparse_embeddings_list: list[SparseEmbedding] = list(\n",
     "    model.embed(documents, batch_size=6)\n",
     ")  # batch_size is optional, notice the generator"
    ]
@@ -235,7 +234,9 @@
    "source": [
     "# Let's print the first 5 features and their weights for better understanding.\n",
     "for i in range(5):\n",
-    "    print(f\"Token at index {sparse_embeddings_list[0].indices[i]} has weight {sparse_embeddings_list[0].values[i]}\")"
+    "    print(\n",
+    "        f\"Token at index {sparse_embeddings_list[0].indices[i]} has weight {sparse_embeddings_list[0].values[i]}\"\n",
+    "    )"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -261,7 +262,9 @@
     "import json\n",
     "from transformers import AutoTokenizer\n",
     "\n",
-    "tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(SparseTextEmbedding.list_supported_models()[0][\"sources\"][\"hf\"])"
+    "tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(\n",
+    "    SparseTextEmbedding.list_supported_models()[0][\"sources\"][\"hf\"]\n",
+    ")"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -326,7 +329,9 @@
     "        token_weight_dict[token] = weight\n",
     "\n",
     "    # Sort the dictionary by weights\n",
-    "    token_weight_dict = dict(sorted(token_weight_dict.items(), key=lambda item: item[1], reverse=True))\n",
+    "    token_weight_dict = dict(\n",
+    "        sorted(token_weight_dict.items(), key=lambda item: item[1], reverse=True)\n",
+    "    )\n",
     "    return token_weight_dict\n",
     "\n",
     "\n",

docs/index.md

@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ pip install fastembed
 ```python
 from fastembed import TextEmbedding
 
-documents: List[str] = [
+documents: list[str] = [
     "passage: Hello, World!",
     "query: Hello, World!",
     "passage: This is an example passage.",
     "fastembed is supported by and maintained by Qdrant."
 ]
 embedding_model = TextEmbedding()
-embeddings: List[np.ndarray] = embedding_model.embed(documents)
+embeddings: list[np.ndarray] = embedding_model.embed(documents)
 ```
 
 ## Usage with Qdrant

docs/qdrant/Retrieval_with_FastEmbed.ipynb

@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "from typing import List\n",
     "import numpy as np\n",
     "from fastembed import TextEmbedding"
    ]
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@
    ],
    "source": [
     "# Example list of documents\n",
-    "documents: List[str] = [\n",
+    "documents: list[str] = [\n",
     "    \"Maharana Pratap was a Rajput warrior king from Mewar\",\n",
     "    \"He fought against the Mughal Empire led by Akbar\",\n",
     "    \"The Battle of Haldighati in 1576 was his most famous battle\",\n",
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@
     "embedding_model = TextEmbedding(model_name=\"BAAI/bge-small-en\")\n",
     "\n",
     "# We'll use the passage_embed method to get the embeddings for the documents\n",
-    "embeddings: List[np.ndarray] = list(\n",
+    "embeddings: list[np.ndarray] = list(\n",
     "    embedding_model.passage_embed(documents)\n",
     ")  # notice that we are casting the generator to a list\n",
     "\n",

docs/qdrant/Usage_With_Qdrant.ipynb

@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "from typing import List\n",
     "from qdrant_client import QdrantClient"
    ]
   },
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "# Example list of documents\n",
-    "documents: List[str] = [\n",
+    "documents: list[str] = [\n",
     "    \"Maharana Pratap was a Rajput warrior king from Mewar\",\n",
     "    \"He fought against the Mughal Empire led by Akbar\",\n",
     "    \"The Battle of Haldighati in 1576 was his most famous battle\",\n",
@@ -199,7 +198,9 @@
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "search_result = client.query(collection_name=\"demo_collection\", query_text=\"This is a query document\")\n",
+    "search_result = client.query(\n",
+    "    collection_name=\"demo_collection\", query_text=\"This is a query document\"\n",
+    ")\n",
     "print(search_result)"
    ]
   },

experiments/01_ONNX_Port.ipynb

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
     "from pathlib import Path\n",
-    "from typing import List, Tuple, Any\n",
+    "from typing import Any\n",
     "\n",
     "import numpy as np\n",
     "import time\n",
@@ -91,9 +91,11 @@
     "    return last_hidden.sum(dim=1) / attention_mask.sum(dim=1)[..., None]\n",
     "\n",
     "\n",
-    "def hf_embed(model_id: str, inputs: List[str]):\n",
+    "def hf_embed(model_id: str, inputs: list[str]):\n",
     "    # Tokenize the input texts\n",
-    "    batch_dict = hf_tokenizer(inputs, max_length=512, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors=\"pt\")\n",
+    "    batch_dict = hf_tokenizer(\n",
+    "        inputs, max_length=512, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors=\"pt\"\n",
+    "    )\n",
     "\n",
     "    outputs = hf_model(**batch_dict)\n",
     "    embeddings = average_pool(outputs.last_hidden_state, batch_dict[\"attention_mask\"])\n",
@@ -133,7 +135,9 @@
     "optimization_config = AutoOptimizationConfig.O4()\n",
     "optimizer = ORTOptimizer.from_pretrained(model)\n",
     "\n",
-    "optimizer.optimize(save_dir=save_dir, optimization_config=optimization_config, use_external_data_format=True)\n",
+    "optimizer.optimize(\n",
+    "    save_dir=save_dir, optimization_config=optimization_config, use_external_data_format=True\n",
+    ")\n",
     "model = ORTModelForFeatureExtraction.from_pretrained(save_dir)\n",
     "\n",
     "tokenizer.save_pretrained(save_dir)\n",
@@ -171,7 +175,9 @@
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
-    "def measure_pipeline_time(pipeline, input_texts: List[str], num_runs=10, **kwargs: Any) -> Tuple[float, float]:\n",
+    "def measure_pipeline_time(\n",
+    "    pipeline, input_texts: list[str], num_runs=10, **kwargs: Any\n",
+    ") -> tuple[float, float]:\n",
     "    \"\"\"Measures the time it takes to run the pipeline on the input texts.\"\"\"\n",
     "    times = []\n",
     "    total_chars = sum(len(text) for text in input_texts)\n",

fastembed/__init__.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import importlib.metadata
 
 from fastembed.image import ImageEmbedding
 from fastembed.late_interaction import LateInteractionTextEmbedding
+from fastembed.late_interaction_multimodal import LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding
 from fastembed.sparse import SparseEmbedding, SparseTextEmbedding
 from fastembed.text import TextEmbedding
 
@@ -17,4 +18,5 @@ __all__ = [
     "SparseEmbedding",
     "ImageEmbedding",
     "LateInteractionTextEmbedding",
+    "LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding",
 ]

fastembed/common/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-from fastembed.common.types import ImageInput, OnnxProvider, PathInput, PilInput
+from fastembed.common.types import ImageInput, OnnxProvider, PathInput
 
-__all__ = ["OnnxProvider", "ImageInput", "PathInput", "PilInput"]
+__all__ = ["OnnxProvider", "ImageInput", "PathInput"]

fastembed/common/model_description.py

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Any
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class ModelSource:
+    hf: str | None = None
+    url: str | None = None
+    _deprecated_tar_struct: bool = False
+
+    @property
+    def deprecated_tar_struct(self) -> bool:
+        return self._deprecated_tar_struct
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        if self.hf is None and self.url is None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"At least one source should be set, current sources: hf={self.hf}, url={self.url}"
+            )
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class BaseModelDescription:
+    model: str
+    sources: ModelSource
+    model_file: str
+    description: str
+    license: str
+    size_in_GB: float
+    additional_files: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class DenseModelDescription(BaseModelDescription):
+    dim: int | None = None
+    tasks: dict[str, Any] | None = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
+        assert self.dim is not None, "dim is required for dense model description"
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class SparseModelDescription(BaseModelDescription):
+    requires_idf: bool | None = None
+    vocab_size: int | None = None
+
+
+class PoolingType(str, Enum):
+    CLS = "CLS"
+    MEAN = "MEAN"
+    DISABLED = "DISABLED"

fastembed/common/model_management.py

@@ -1,29 +1,70 @@
 import os
 import time
+import json
 import shutil
 import tarfile
+from copy import deepcopy
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+from typing import Any, TypeVar, Generic
 
 import requests
-from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
-from huggingface_hub.utils import RepositoryNotFoundError
+from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download, model_info, list_repo_tree
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import RepoFile
+from huggingface_hub.utils import (
+    RepositoryNotFoundError,
+    disable_progress_bars,
+    enable_progress_bars,
+)
 from loguru import logger
 from tqdm import tqdm
+from fastembed.common.model_description import BaseModelDescription
+
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=BaseModelDescription)
 
 
-class ModelManagement:
+class ModelManagement(Generic[T]):
+    METADATA_FILE = "files_metadata.json"
+
     @classmethod
-    def list_supported_models(cls) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def list_supported_models(cls) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """Lists the supported models.
 
         Returns:
-            List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+            list[T]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     @classmethod
-    def _get_model_description(cls, model_name: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def add_custom_model(
+        cls,
+        *args: Any,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Add a custom model to the existing embedding classes based on the passed model descriptions
+
+        Model description dict should contain the fields same as in one of the model descriptions presented
+         in fastembed.common.model_description
+
+         E.g. for BaseModelDescription:
+              model: str
+              sources: ModelSource
+              model_file: str
+              description: str
+              license: str
+              size_in_GB: float
+              additional_files: list[str]
+
+        Returns:
+            None
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[T]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_model_description(cls, model_name: str) -> T:
         """
         Gets the model description from the model_name.
 
@@ -34,10 +75,10 @@ class ModelManagement:
             ValueError: If the model_name is not supported.
 
         Returns:
-            Dict[str, Any]: The model description.
+            T: The model description.
         """
-        for model in cls.list_supported_models():
-            if model_name.lower() == model["model"].lower():
+        for model in cls._list_supported_models():
+            if model_name.lower() == model.model.lower():
                 return model
 
         raise ValueError(f"Model {model_name} is not supported in {cls.__name__}.")
@@ -74,7 +115,7 @@ class ModelManagement:
         if total_size_in_bytes == 0:
             print(f"Warning: Content-length header is missing or zero in the response from {url}.")
 
-        show_progress = total_size_in_bytes and show_progress
+        show_progress = bool(total_size_in_bytes and show_progress)
 
         with tqdm(
             total=total_size_in_bytes,
@@ -93,20 +134,73 @@ class ModelManagement:
     def download_files_from_huggingface(
         cls,
         hf_source_repo: str,
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
-        extra_patterns: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        extra_patterns: list[str],
+        local_files_only: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> str:
         """
         Downloads a model from HuggingFace Hub.
         Args:
             hf_source_repo (str): Name of the model on HuggingFace Hub, e.g. "qdrant/all-MiniLM-L6-v2-onnx".
             cache_dir (Optional[str]): The path to the cache directory.
-            extra_patterns (Optional[List[str]]): extra patterns to allow in the snapshot download, typically
+            extra_patterns (list[str]): extra patterns to allow in the snapshot download, typically
                 includes the required model files.
+            local_files_only (bool, optional): Whether to only use local files. Defaults to False.
         Returns:
             Path: The path to the model directory.
         """
+
+        def _verify_files_from_metadata(
+            model_dir: Path, stored_metadata: dict[str, Any], repo_files: list[RepoFile]
+        ) -> bool:
+            try:
+                for rel_path, meta in stored_metadata.items():
+                    file_path = model_dir / rel_path
+
+                    if not file_path.exists():
+                        return False
+
+                    if repo_files:  # online verification
+                        file_info = next((f for f in repo_files if f.path == file_path.name), None)
+                        if (
+                            not file_info
+                            or file_info.size != meta["size"]
+                            or file_info.blob_id != meta["blob_id"]
+                        ):
+                            return False
+
+                    else:  # offline verification
+                        if file_path.stat().st_size != meta["size"]:
+                            return False
+                return True
+            except (OSError, KeyError) as e:
+                logger.error(f"Error verifying files: {str(e)}")
+                return False
+
+        def _collect_file_metadata(
+            model_dir: Path, repo_files: list[RepoFile]
+        ) -> dict[str, dict[str, int | str]]:
+            meta: dict[str, dict[str, int | str]] = {}
+            file_info_map = {f.path: f for f in repo_files}
+            for file_path in model_dir.rglob("*"):
+                if file_path.is_file() and file_path.name != cls.METADATA_FILE:
+                    repo_file = file_info_map.get(file_path.name)
+                    if repo_file:
+                        meta[str(file_path.relative_to(model_dir))] = {
+                            "size": repo_file.size,
+                            "blob_id": repo_file.blob_id,
+                        }
+            return meta
+
+        def _save_file_metadata(model_dir: Path, meta: dict[str, dict[str, int | str]]) -> None:
+            try:
+                if not model_dir.exists():
+                    model_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+                (model_dir / cls.METADATA_FILE).write_text(json.dumps(meta))
+            except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
+                logger.warning(f"Error saving metadata: {str(e)}")
+
         allow_patterns = [
             "config.json",
             "tokenizer.json",
@@ -114,18 +208,81 @@ class ModelManagement:
             "special_tokens_map.json",
             "preprocessor_config.json",
         ]
-        if extra_patterns is not None:
-            allow_patterns.extend(extra_patterns)
 
-        return snapshot_download(
+        allow_patterns.extend(extra_patterns)
+
+        snapshot_dir = Path(cache_dir) / f"models--{hf_source_repo.replace('/', '--')}"
+        metadata_file = snapshot_dir / cls.METADATA_FILE
+
+        if local_files_only:
+            disable_progress_bars()
+            if metadata_file.exists():
+                metadata = json.loads(metadata_file.read_text())
+                verified = _verify_files_from_metadata(snapshot_dir, metadata, repo_files=[])
+                if not verified:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "Local file sizes do not match the metadata."
+                    )  # do not raise, still make an attempt to load the model
+            result = snapshot_download(
+                repo_id=hf_source_repo,
+                allow_patterns=allow_patterns,
+                cache_dir=cache_dir,
+                local_files_only=local_files_only,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+            return result
+
+        repo_revision = model_info(hf_source_repo).sha
+        repo_tree = list(list_repo_tree(hf_source_repo, revision=repo_revision, repo_type="model"))
+
+        allowed_extensions = {".json", ".onnx", ".txt"}
+        repo_files = (
+            [
+                f
+                for f in repo_tree
+                if isinstance(f, RepoFile) and Path(f.path).suffix in allowed_extensions
+            ]
+            if repo_tree
+            else []
+        )
+
+        verified_metadata = False
+
+        if snapshot_dir.exists() and metadata_file.exists():
+            metadata = json.loads(metadata_file.read_text())
+            verified_metadata = _verify_files_from_metadata(snapshot_dir, metadata, repo_files)
+
+        if verified_metadata:
+            disable_progress_bars()
+
+        result = snapshot_download(
             repo_id=hf_source_repo,
             allow_patterns=allow_patterns,
             cache_dir=cache_dir,
-            local_files_only=kwargs.get("local_files_only", False),
+            local_files_only=local_files_only,
+            **kwargs,
         )
 
+        if (
+            not verified_metadata
+        ):  # metadata is not up-to-date, update it and check whether the files have been
+            # downloaded correctly
+            metadata = _collect_file_metadata(snapshot_dir, repo_files)
+
+            download_successful = _verify_files_from_metadata(
+                snapshot_dir, metadata, repo_files=[]
+            )  # offline verification
+            if not download_successful:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Files have been corrupted during downloading process. "
+                    "Please check your internet connection and try again."
+                )
+            _save_file_metadata(snapshot_dir, metadata)
+
+        return result
+
     @classmethod
-    def decompress_to_cache(cls, targz_path: str, cache_dir: str):
+    def decompress_to_cache(cls, targz_path: str, cache_dir: str) -> str:
         """
         Decompresses a .tar.gz file to a cache directory.
 
@@ -162,9 +319,15 @@ class ModelManagement:
         return cache_dir
 
     @classmethod
-    def retrieve_model_gcs(cls, model_name: str, source_url: str, cache_dir: str) -> Path:
-        fast_model_name = f"fast-{model_name.split('/')[-1]}"
-
+    def retrieve_model_gcs(
+        cls,
+        model_name: str,
+        source_url: str,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        deprecated_tar_struct: bool = False,
+        local_files_only: bool = False,
+    ) -> Path:
+        fast_model_name = f"{'fast-' if deprecated_tar_struct else ''}{model_name.split('/')[-1]}"
         cache_tmp_dir = Path(cache_dir) / "tmp"
         model_tmp_dir = cache_tmp_dir / fast_model_name
         model_dir = Path(cache_dir) / fast_model_name
@@ -183,27 +346,35 @@ class ModelManagement:
         if model_tar_gz.exists():
             model_tar_gz.unlink()
 
-        cls.download_file_from_gcs(
-            source_url,
-            output_path=str(model_tar_gz),
-        )
+        if not local_files_only:
+            cls.download_file_from_gcs(
+                source_url,
+                output_path=str(model_tar_gz),
+            )
 
-        cls.decompress_to_cache(targz_path=str(model_tar_gz), cache_dir=str(cache_tmp_dir))
-        assert model_tmp_dir.exists(), f"Could not find {model_tmp_dir} in {cache_tmp_dir}"
+            cls.decompress_to_cache(targz_path=str(model_tar_gz), cache_dir=str(cache_tmp_dir))
+            assert model_tmp_dir.exists(), f"Could not find {model_tmp_dir} in {cache_tmp_dir}"
 
-        model_tar_gz.unlink()
-        # Rename from tmp to final name is atomic
-        model_tmp_dir.rename(model_dir)
+            model_tar_gz.unlink()
+            # Rename from tmp to final name is atomic
+            model_tmp_dir.rename(model_dir)
+        else:
+            logger.error(
+                f"Could not find the model tar.gz file at {model_dir} and local_files_only=True."
+            )
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Could not find the model tar.gz file at {model_dir} and local_files_only=True."
+            )
 
         return model_dir
 
     @classmethod
-    def download_model(cls, model: Dict[str, Any], cache_dir: Path, retries=3, **kwargs) -> Path:
+    def download_model(cls, model: T, cache_dir: str, retries: int = 3, **kwargs: Any) -> Path:
         """
         Downloads a model from HuggingFace Hub or Google Cloud Storage.
 
         Args:
-            model (Dict[str, Any]): The model description.
+            model (T): The model description.
                 Example:
                 ```
                 {
@@ -223,42 +394,82 @@ class ModelManagement:
         Returns:
             Path: The path to the downloaded model directory.
         """
+        local_files_only = kwargs.get("local_files_only", False)
+        hf_offline = os.environ.get("HF_HUB_OFFLINE", "").strip().upper()
+        if not local_files_only and hf_offline in {"1", "TRUE", "YES", "ON"}:
+            local_files_only = True
+            kwargs["local_files_only"] = True
+        specific_model_path: str | None = kwargs.pop("specific_model_path", None)
+        if specific_model_path:
+            return Path(specific_model_path)
+        retries = 1 if local_files_only else retries
+        hf_source = model.sources.hf
+        url_source = model.sources.url
 
-        hf_source = model.get("sources", {}).get("hf")
-        url_source = model.get("sources", {}).get("url")
+        extra_patterns = [model.model_file]
+        extra_patterns.extend(model.additional_files)
+
+        if hf_source:
+            try:
+                cache_kwargs = deepcopy(kwargs)
+                cache_kwargs["local_files_only"] = True
+                return Path(
+                    cls.download_files_from_huggingface(
+                        hf_source,
+                        cache_dir=cache_dir,
+                        extra_patterns=extra_patterns,
+                        **cache_kwargs,
+                    )
+                )
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+            finally:
+                enable_progress_bars()
 
         sleep = 3.0
         while retries > 0:
             retries -= 1
 
-            if hf_source:
-                extra_patterns = [model["model_file"]]
-                extra_patterns.extend(model.get("additional_files", []))
-
+            if hf_source and not local_files_only:
+                # we have already tried loading with `local_files_only=True` via hf and we failed
                 try:
                     return Path(
                         cls.download_files_from_huggingface(
                             hf_source,
-                            cache_dir=str(cache_dir),
+                            cache_dir=cache_dir,
                             extra_patterns=extra_patterns,
-                            local_files_only=kwargs.get("local_files_only", False),
+                            **kwargs,
                         )
                     )
                 except (EnvironmentError, RepositoryNotFoundError, ValueError) as e:
-                    logger.error(
-                        f"Could not download model from HuggingFace: {e} "
-                        "Falling back to other sources."
-                    )
-            if url_source:
+                    if not local_files_only:
+                        logger.error(
+                            f"Could not download model from HuggingFace: {e} "
+                            "Falling back to other sources."
+                        )
+                finally:
+                    enable_progress_bars()
+            if url_source or local_files_only:
                 try:
-                    return cls.retrieve_model_gcs(model["model"], url_source, str(cache_dir))
+                    return cls.retrieve_model_gcs(
+                        model.model,
+                        str(url_source),
+                        str(cache_dir),
+                        deprecated_tar_struct=model.sources.deprecated_tar_struct,
+                        local_files_only=local_files_only,
+                    )
                 except Exception:
-                    logger.error(f"Could not download model from url: {url_source}")
+                    if not local_files_only:
+                        logger.error(f"Could not download model from url: {url_source}")
 
-            logger.error(
-                f"Could not download model from either source, sleeping for {sleep} seconds, {retries} retries left."
-            )
-            time.sleep(sleep)
-            sleep *= 3
+            if local_files_only:
+                logger.error("Could not find model in cache_dir")
+                break
+            else:
+                logger.error(
+                    f"Could not download model from either source, sleeping for {sleep} seconds, {retries} retries left."
+                )
+                time.sleep(sleep)
+                sleep *= 3
 
-        raise ValueError(f"Could not download model {model['model']} from any source.")
+        raise ValueError(f"Could not load model {model.model} from any source.")

fastembed/common/onnx_model.py

@@ -1,22 +1,15 @@
 import warnings
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Dict,
-    Generic,
-    Iterable,
-    Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
-    TypeVar,
-)
+from typing import Any, Generic, Iterable, Sequence, Type, TypeVar
 
 import numpy as np
 import onnxruntime as ort
 
-from fastembed.common.types import OnnxProvider
+from numpy.typing import NDArray
+from tokenizers import Tokenizer
+
+from fastembed.common.types import OnnxProvider, NumpyArray, Device
 from fastembed.parallel_processor import Worker
 
 # Holds type of the embedding result
@@ -25,46 +18,79 @@ T = TypeVar("T")
 
 @dataclass
 class OnnxOutputContext:
-    model_output: np.ndarray
-    attention_mask: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
-    input_ids: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+    model_output: NumpyArray
+    attention_mask: NDArray[np.int64] | None = None
+    input_ids: NDArray[np.int64] | None = None
+    metadata: dict[str, Any] | None = None
 
 
 class OnnxModel(Generic[T]):
+    EXPOSED_SESSION_OPTIONS = ("enable_cpu_mem_arena",)
+
     @classmethod
-    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type["EmbeddingWorker"]:
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type["EmbeddingWorker[T]"]:
         raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
 
-    def _post_process_onnx_output(self, output: OnnxOutputContext) -> Iterable[T]:
+    def _post_process_onnx_output(self, output: OnnxOutputContext, **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[T]:
+        """Post-process the ONNX model output to convert it into a usable format.
+
+        Args:
+            output (OnnxOutputContext): The raw output from the ONNX model.
+            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments that may be needed by specific implementations.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[T]: Post-processed output as an iterable of type T.
+        """
         raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self.model = None
-        self.tokenizer = None
+        self.model: ort.InferenceSession | None = None
+        self.tokenizer: Tokenizer | None = None
 
     def _preprocess_onnx_input(
-        self, onnx_input: Dict[str, np.ndarray], **kwargs
-    ) -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]:
+        self, onnx_input: dict[str, NumpyArray], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
         """
         Preprocess the onnx input.
         """
         return onnx_input
 
-    def load_onnx_model(
+    def _load_onnx_model(
         self,
         model_dir: Path,
         model_file: str,
-        threads: Optional[int],
-        providers: Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]] = None,
+        threads: int | None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_id: int | None = None,
+        extra_session_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         model_path = model_dir / model_file
         # List of Execution Providers: https://onnxruntime.ai/docs/execution-providers
-
-        onnx_providers = (
-            ["CPUExecutionProvider"] if providers is None else list(providers)
-        )
         available_providers = ort.get_available_providers()
-        requested_provider_names = []
+        cuda_available = "CUDAExecutionProvider" in available_providers
+        explicit_cuda = cuda is True or cuda == Device.CUDA
+
+        if explicit_cuda and providers is not None:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"`cuda` and `providers` are mutually exclusive parameters, "
+                f"cuda: {cuda}, providers: {providers}. If you'd like to use providers, cuda should be one of "
+                f"[False, Device.CPU, Device.AUTO].",
+                category=UserWarning,
+                stacklevel=6,
+            )
+
+        if providers is not None:
+            onnx_providers = list(providers)
+        elif explicit_cuda or (cuda == Device.AUTO and cuda_available):
+            if device_id is None:
+                onnx_providers = ["CUDAExecutionProvider"]
+            else:
+                onnx_providers = [("CUDAExecutionProvider", {"device_id": device_id})]
+        else:
+            onnx_providers = ["CPUExecutionProvider"]
+
+        requested_provider_names: list[str] = []
         for provider in onnx_providers:
             # check providers available
             provider_name = provider if isinstance(provider, str) else provider[0]
@@ -81,10 +107,14 @@ class OnnxModel(Generic[T]):
             so.intra_op_num_threads = threads
             so.inter_op_num_threads = threads
 
+        if extra_session_options is not None:
+            self.add_extra_session_options(so, extra_session_options)
+
         self.model = ort.InferenceSession(
             str(model_path), providers=onnx_providers, sess_options=so
         )
         if "CUDAExecutionProvider" in requested_provider_names:
+            assert self.model is not None
             current_providers = self.model.get_providers()
             if "CUDAExecutionProvider" not in current_providers:
                 warnings.warn(
@@ -94,30 +124,65 @@ class OnnxModel(Generic[T]):
                     RuntimeWarning,
                 )
 
-    def onnx_embed(self, *args, **kwargs) -> OnnxOutputContext:
+    @classmethod
+    def _select_exposed_session_options(cls, model_kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """A convenience method to select the exposed session options in models
+
+        Args:
+            model_kwargs (dict[str, Any]): The model kwargs.
+
+        Returns:
+            dict[str, Any]: a dict with filtered exposed session options.
+        """
+        return {k: v for k, v in model_kwargs.items() if k in cls.EXPOSED_SESSION_OPTIONS}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_extra_session_options(
+        cls, session_options: ort.SessionOptions, extra_options: dict[str, Any]
+    ) -> None:
+        """Add extra session options to the existing options object in-place
+
+        Args:
+            session_options (ort.SessionOptions): The existing session options object.
+            extra_options (dict[str, Any]): The extra session options available in cls.EXPOSED_SESSION_OPTIONS.
+
+        Returns:
+            None
+        """
+        for option in extra_options:
+            assert (
+                option in cls.EXPOSED_SESSION_OPTIONS
+            ), f"{option} is unknown or not exposed (exposed options: {cls.EXPOSED_SESSION_OPTIONS})"
+        if "enable_cpu_mem_arena" in extra_options:
+            session_options.enable_cpu_mem_arena = extra_options["enable_cpu_mem_arena"]
+
+    def load_onnx_model(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    def onnx_embed(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> OnnxOutputContext:
         raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
 
 
-class EmbeddingWorker(Worker):
+class EmbeddingWorker(Worker, Generic[T]):
     def init_embedding(
         self,
         model_name: str,
         cache_dir: str,
-        **kwargs,
-    ) -> OnnxModel:
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> OnnxModel[T]:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str,
         cache_dir: str,
-        **kwargs,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         self.model = self.init_embedding(model_name, cache_dir, **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
-    def start(cls, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs: Any) -> "EmbeddingWorker":
+    def start(cls, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs: Any) -> "EmbeddingWorker[T]":
         return cls(model_name=model_name, cache_dir=cache_dir, **kwargs)
 
-    def process(self, items: Iterable[Tuple[int, Any]]) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, Any]]:
+    def process(self, items: Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]) -> Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]:
         raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")

fastembed/common/preprocessor_utils.py

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 import json
+from typing import Any
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Tuple
+
 from tokenizers import AddedToken, Tokenizer
 
 from fastembed.image.transform.operators import Compose
 
 
-def load_special_tokens(model_dir: Path) -> dict:
+def load_special_tokens(model_dir: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
     tokens_map_path = model_dir / "special_tokens_map.json"
     if not tokens_map_path.exists():
         raise ValueError(f"Could not find special_tokens_map.json in {model_dir}")
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ def load_special_tokens(model_dir: Path) -> dict:
     return tokens_map
 
 
-def load_tokenizer(model_dir: Path) -> Tuple[Tokenizer, dict]:
+def load_tokenizer(model_dir: Path) -> tuple[Tokenizer, dict[str, int]]:
     config_path = model_dir / "config.json"
     if not config_path.exists():
         raise ValueError(f"Could not find config.json in {model_dir}")
@@ -35,9 +36,9 @@ def load_tokenizer(model_dir: Path) -> Tuple[Tokenizer, dict]:
 
     with open(str(tokenizer_config_path)) as tokenizer_config_file:
         tokenizer_config = json.load(tokenizer_config_file)
-        assert (
-            "model_max_length" in tokenizer_config or "max_length" in tokenizer_config
-        ), "Models without model_max_length or max_length are not supported."
+        assert "model_max_length" in tokenizer_config or "max_length" in tokenizer_config, (
+            "Models without model_max_length or max_length are not supported."
+        )
         if "model_max_length" not in tokenizer_config:
             max_context = tokenizer_config["max_length"]
         elif "max_length" not in tokenizer_config:
@@ -49,9 +50,10 @@ def load_tokenizer(model_dir: Path) -> Tuple[Tokenizer, dict]:
 
     tokenizer = Tokenizer.from_file(str(tokenizer_path))
     tokenizer.enable_truncation(max_length=max_context)
-    tokenizer.enable_padding(
-        pad_id=config.get("pad_token_id", 0), pad_token=tokenizer_config["pad_token"]
-    )
+    if not tokenizer.padding:
+        tokenizer.enable_padding(
+            pad_id=config.get("pad_token_id", 0), pad_token=tokenizer_config["pad_token"]
+        )
 
     for token in tokens_map.values():
         if isinstance(token, str):
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ def load_tokenizer(model_dir: Path) -> Tuple[Tokenizer, dict]:
         elif isinstance(token, dict):
             tokenizer.add_special_tokens([AddedToken(**token)])
 
-    special_token_to_id = {}
+    special_token_to_id: dict[str, int] = {}
 
     for token in tokens_map.values():
         if isinstance(token, str):

fastembed/common/types.py

@@ -1,16 +1,27 @@
-import os
-import sys
+from enum import Enum
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, TypeAlias
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.typing import NDArray
 from PIL import Image
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, Tuple, Union
-
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
-    from typing import TypeAlias
-else:
-    from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
 
 
-PathInput: TypeAlias = Union[str, os.PathLike]
-PilInput: TypeAlias = Union[Image.Image, Iterable[Image.Image]]
-ImageInput: TypeAlias = Union[PathInput, Iterable[PathInput], PilInput]
+class Device(str, Enum):
+    CPU = "cpu"
+    CUDA = "cuda"
+    AUTO = "auto"
 
-OnnxProvider: TypeAlias = Union[str, Tuple[str, Dict[Any, Any]]]
+
+PathInput: TypeAlias = str | Path
+ImageInput: TypeAlias = PathInput | Image.Image
+
+OnnxProvider: TypeAlias = str | tuple[str, dict[Any, Any]]
+NumpyArray: TypeAlias = (
+    NDArray[np.float64]
+    | NDArray[np.float32]
+    | NDArray[np.float16]
+    | NDArray[np.int8]
+    | NDArray[np.int64]
+    | NDArray[np.int32]
+)

fastembed/common/utils.py

@@ -1,13 +1,21 @@
 import os
+import sys
+import re
 import tempfile
-from itertools import islice
+import unicodedata
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Generator, Iterable, Optional, Union
+from itertools import islice
+from typing import Iterable, TypeVar
 
 import numpy as np
+from numpy.typing import NDArray
+
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
 
 
-def normalize(input_array, p=2, dim=1, eps=1e-12) -> np.ndarray:
+def normalize(input_array: NumpyArray, p: int = 2, dim: int = 1, eps: float = 1e-12) -> NumpyArray:
     # Calculate the Lp norm along the specified dimension
     norm = np.linalg.norm(input_array, ord=p, axis=dim, keepdims=True)
     norm = np.maximum(norm, eps)  # Avoid division by zero
@@ -15,7 +23,16 @@ def normalize(input_array, p=2, dim=1, eps=1e-12) -> np.ndarray:
     return normalized_array
 
 
-def iter_batch(iterable: Union[Iterable, Generator], size: int) -> Iterable:
+def mean_pooling(input_array: NumpyArray, attention_mask: NDArray[np.int64]) -> NumpyArray:
+    input_mask_expanded = np.expand_dims(attention_mask, axis=-1).astype(np.int64)
+    input_mask_expanded = np.tile(input_mask_expanded, (1, 1, input_array.shape[-1]))
+    sum_embeddings = np.sum(input_array * input_mask_expanded, axis=1)
+    sum_mask = np.sum(input_mask_expanded, axis=1)
+    pooled_embeddings = sum_embeddings / np.maximum(sum_mask, 1e-9)
+    return pooled_embeddings
+
+
+def iter_batch(iterable: Iterable[T], size: int) -> Iterable[list[T]]:
     """
     >>> list(iter_batch([1,2,3,4,5], 3))
     [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5]]
@@ -28,7 +45,7 @@ def iter_batch(iterable: Union[Iterable, Generator], size: int) -> Iterable:
         yield b
 
 
-def define_cache_dir(cache_dir: Optional[str] = None) -> Path:
+def define_cache_dir(cache_dir: str | None = None) -> Path:
     """
     Define the cache directory for fastembed
     """
@@ -37,7 +54,16 @@ def define_cache_dir(cache_dir: Optional[str] = None) -> Path:
         cache_path = Path(os.getenv("FASTEMBED_CACHE_PATH", default_cache_dir))
     else:
         cache_path = Path(cache_dir)
-
     cache_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
     return cache_path
+
+
+def get_all_punctuation() -> set[str]:
+    return set(
+        chr(i) for i in range(sys.maxunicode) if unicodedata.category(chr(i)).startswith("P")
+    )
+
+
+def remove_non_alphanumeric(text: str) -> str:
+    return re.sub(r"[^\w\s]", " ", text, flags=re.UNICODE)

fastembed/embedding.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Any
 
 from loguru import logger
 
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ class JinaEmbedding(TextEmbedding):
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str = "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-en",
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
-        threads: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)

fastembed/image/image_embedding.py

@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Type
-
-import numpy as np
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
+from dataclasses import asdict
 
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray, Device
 from fastembed.common import ImageInput, OnnxProvider
 from fastembed.image.image_embedding_base import ImageEmbeddingBase
 from fastembed.image.onnx_embedding import OnnxImageEmbedding
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription
 
 
 class ImageEmbedding(ImageEmbeddingBase):
-    EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY: List[Type[ImageEmbeddingBase]] = [OnnxImageEmbedding]
+    EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY: list[Type[ImageEmbeddingBase]] = [OnnxImageEmbedding]
 
     @classmethod
-    def list_supported_models(cls) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def list_supported_models(cls) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """
         Lists the supported models.
 
         Returns:
-            List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+            list[dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
 
             Example:
                 ```
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ class ImageEmbedding(ImageEmbeddingBase):
                         "model": "Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision",
                         "dim": 512,
                         "description": "CLIP vision encoder based on ViT-B/32",
+                        "license": "mit",
                         "size_in_GB": 0.33,
                         "sources": {
                             "hf": "Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision",
@@ -34,32 +36,38 @@ class ImageEmbedding(ImageEmbeddingBase):
                 ]
                 ```
         """
-        result = []
+        return [asdict(model) for model in cls._list_supported_models()]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
+        result: list[DenseModelDescription] = []
         for embedding in cls.EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY:
-            result.extend(embedding.list_supported_models())
+            result.extend(embedding._list_supported_models())
         return result
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str,
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
-        threads: Optional[int] = None,
-        providers: Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)
-
         for EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE in self.EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY:
-            supported_models = EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE.list_supported_models()
-            if any(
-                model_name.lower() == model["model"].lower()
-                for model in supported_models
-            ):
+            supported_models = EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE._list_supported_models()
+            if any(model_name.lower() == model.model.lower() for model in supported_models):
                 self.model = EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE(
                     model_name,
                     cache_dir,
                     threads=threads,
                     providers=providers,
+                    cuda=cuda,
+                    device_ids=device_ids,
+                    lazy_load=lazy_load,
                     **kwargs,
                 )
                 return
@@ -69,16 +77,49 @@ class ImageEmbedding(ImageEmbeddingBase):
             "Please check the supported models using `ImageEmbedding.list_supported_models()`"
         )
 
+    @property
+    def embedding_size(self) -> int:
+        """Get the embedding size of the current model"""
+        if self._embedding_size is None:
+            self._embedding_size = self.get_embedding_size(self.model_name)
+        return self._embedding_size
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_embedding_size(cls, model_name: str) -> int:
+        """Get the embedding size of the passed model
+
+        Args:
+            model_name (str): The name of the model to get embedding size for.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The size of the embedding.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If the model name is not found in the supported models.
+        """
+        descriptions = cls._list_supported_models()
+        embedding_size: int | None = None
+        for description in descriptions:
+            if description.model.lower() == model_name.lower():
+                embedding_size = description.dim
+                break
+        if embedding_size is None:
+            model_names = [description.model for description in descriptions]
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Embedding size for model {model_name} was None. "
+                f"Available model names: {model_names}"
+            )
+        return embedding_size
+
     def embed(
         self,
-        images: ImageInput,
+        images: ImageInput | Iterable[ImageInput],
         batch_size: int = 16,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         """
-        Encode a list of documents into list of embeddings.
-        We use mean pooling with attention so that the model can handle variable-length inputs.
+        Encode a list of images into list of embeddings.
 
         Args:
             images: Iterator of image paths or single image path to embed

fastembed/image/image_embedding_base.py

@@ -1,36 +1,37 @@
-from typing import Iterable, Optional
-
-import numpy as np
+from typing import Iterable, Any
 
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
 from fastembed.common.model_management import ModelManagement
 from fastembed.common.types import ImageInput
 
 
-class ImageEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement):
+class ImageEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement[DenseModelDescription]):
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str,
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
-        threads: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         self.model_name = model_name
         self.cache_dir = cache_dir
         self.threads = threads
         self._local_files_only = kwargs.pop("local_files_only", False)
+        self._embedding_size: int | None = None
 
     def embed(
         self,
-        images: ImageInput,
+        images: ImageInput | Iterable[ImageInput],
         batch_size: int = 16,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         """
         Embeds a list of images into a list of embeddings.
 
         Args:
-            images - The list of image paths to preprocess and embed.
+            images: The list of image paths to preprocess and embed.
             batch_size: Batch size for encoding
             parallel:
                 If > 1, data-parallel encoding will be used, recommended for offline encoding of large datasets.
@@ -39,6 +40,16 @@ class ImageEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement):
             **kwargs: Additional keyword argument to pass to the embed method.
 
         Yields:
-            Iterable[np.ndarray]: The embeddings.
+            Iterable[NdArray]: The embeddings.
         """
         raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_embedding_size(cls, model_name: str) -> int:
+        """Returns embedding size of the chosen model."""
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    @property
+    def embedding_size(self) -> int:
+        """Returns embedding size for the current model"""
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")

fastembed/image/onnx_embedding.py

@@ -1,65 +1,78 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Type
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
 
-import numpy as np
 
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray, Device
 from fastembed.common import ImageInput, OnnxProvider
 from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
 from fastembed.common.utils import define_cache_dir, normalize
 from fastembed.image.image_embedding_base import ImageEmbeddingBase
 from fastembed.image.onnx_image_model import ImageEmbeddingWorker, OnnxImageModel
 
-supported_onnx_models = [
-    {
-        "model": "Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision",
-        "dim": 512,
-        "description": "Image embeddings, Multimodal (text&image), 2021 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.34,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "Qdrant/resnet50-onnx",
-        "dim": 2048,
-        "description": "Image embeddings, Unimodal (image), 2016 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.1,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "Qdrant/resnet50-onnx",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "Qdrant/Unicom-ViT-B-16",
-        "dim": 768,
-        "description": "Image embeddings (more detailed than Unicom-ViT-B-32), Multimodal (text&image), 2023 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.82,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "Qdrant/Unicom-ViT-B-16",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "Qdrant/Unicom-ViT-B-32",
-        "dim": 512,
-        "description": "Image embeddings, Multimodal (text&image), 2023 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.48,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "Qdrant/Unicom-ViT-B-32",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model.onnx",
-    },
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription, ModelSource
+
+supported_onnx_models: list[DenseModelDescription] = [
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision",
+        dim=512,
+        description="Image embeddings, Multimodal (text&image), 2021 year",
+        license="mit",
+        size_in_GB=0.34,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision"),
+        model_file="model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="Qdrant/resnet50-onnx",
+        dim=2048,
+        description="Image embeddings, Unimodal (image), 2016 year",
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.1,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="Qdrant/resnet50-onnx"),
+        model_file="model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="Qdrant/Unicom-ViT-B-16",
+        dim=768,
+        description="Image embeddings (more detailed than Unicom-ViT-B-32), Multimodal (text&image), 2023 year",
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.82,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="Qdrant/Unicom-ViT-B-16"),
+        model_file="model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="Qdrant/Unicom-ViT-B-32",
+        dim=512,
+        description="Image embeddings, Multimodal (text&image), 2023 year",
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.48,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="Qdrant/Unicom-ViT-B-32"),
+        model_file="model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="jinaai/jina-clip-v1",
+        dim=768,
+        description="Image embeddings, Multimodal (text&image), 2024 year",
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.34,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="jinaai/jina-clip-v1"),
+        model_file="onnx/vision_model.onnx",
+    ),
 ]
 
 
-class OnnxImageEmbedding(ImageEmbeddingBase, OnnxImageModel[np.ndarray]):
+class OnnxImageEmbedding(ImageEmbeddingBase, OnnxImageModel[NumpyArray]):
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str,
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
-        threads: Optional[int] = None,
-        providers: Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        device_id: int | None = None,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         """
         Args:
@@ -68,43 +81,82 @@ class OnnxImageEmbedding(ImageEmbeddingBase, OnnxImageModel[np.ndarray]):
                                        Can be set using the `FASTEMBED_CACHE_PATH` env variable.
                                        Defaults to `fastembed_cache` in the system's temp directory.
             threads (int, optional): The number of threads single onnxruntime session can use. Defaults to None.
+            providers (Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]], optional): The list of onnxruntime providers to use.
+                Mutually exclusive with the `cuda` and `device_ids` arguments. Defaults to None.
+            cuda (Union[bool, Device], optional): Whether to use cuda for inference. Mutually exclusive with `providers`
+                Defaults to Device.AUTO.
+            device_ids (Optional[list[int]], optional): The list of device ids to use for data parallel processing in
+                workers. Should be used with `cuda` equals to `True`, `Device.AUTO` or `Device.CUDA`, mutually exclusive
+                with `providers`. Defaults to None.
+            lazy_load (bool, optional): Whether to load the model during class initialization or on demand.
+                Should be set to True when using multiple-gpu and parallel encoding. Defaults to False.
+            device_id (Optional[int], optional): The device id to use for loading the model in the worker process.
+            specific_model_path (Optional[str], optional): The specific path to the onnx model dir if it should be imported from somewhere else
 
         Raises:
             ValueError: If the model_name is not in the format <org>/<model> e.g. BAAI/bge-base-en.
         """
 
         super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)
+        self.providers = providers
+        self.lazy_load = lazy_load
+        self._extra_session_options = self._select_exposed_session_options(kwargs)
 
-        model_description = self._get_model_description(model_name)
-        self.cache_dir = define_cache_dir(cache_dir)
-        model_dir = self.download_model(
-            model_description, self.cache_dir, local_files_only=self._local_files_only
+        # List of device ids, that can be used for data parallel processing in workers
+        self.device_ids = device_ids
+        self.cuda = cuda
+
+        # This device_id will be used if we need to load model in current process
+        self.device_id: int | None = None
+        if device_id is not None:
+            self.device_id = device_id
+        elif self.device_ids is not None:
+            self.device_id = self.device_ids[0]
+
+        self.model_description = self._get_model_description(model_name)
+        self.cache_dir = str(define_cache_dir(cache_dir))
+        self._specific_model_path = specific_model_path
+        self._model_dir = self.download_model(
+            self.model_description,
+            self.cache_dir,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
         )
 
-        self.load_onnx_model(
-            model_dir=model_dir,
-            model_file=model_description["model_file"],
-            threads=threads,
-            providers=providers,
+        if not self.lazy_load:
+            self.load_onnx_model()
+
+    def load_onnx_model(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Load the onnx model.
+        """
+        self._load_onnx_model(
+            model_dir=self._model_dir,
+            model_file=self.model_description.model_file,
+            threads=self.threads,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_id=self.device_id,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def list_supported_models(cls) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
         """
         Lists the supported models.
 
         Returns:
-            List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+            list[DenseModelDescription]: A list of DenseModelDescription objects containing the model information.
         """
         return supported_onnx_models
 
     def embed(
         self,
-        images: ImageInput,
+        images: ImageInput | Iterable[ImageInput],
         batch_size: int = 16,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         """
         Encode a list of images into list of embeddings.
         We use mean pooling with attention so that the model can handle variable-length inputs.
@@ -120,32 +172,46 @@ class OnnxImageEmbedding(ImageEmbeddingBase, OnnxImageModel[np.ndarray]):
         Returns:
             List of embeddings, one per document
         """
+
         yield from self._embed_images(
             model_name=self.model_name,
             cache_dir=str(self.cache_dir),
             images=images,
             batch_size=batch_size,
             parallel=parallel,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_ids=self.device_ids,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
             **kwargs,
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type["ImageEmbeddingWorker"]:
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type["ImageEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]"]:
         return OnnxImageEmbeddingWorker
 
     def _preprocess_onnx_input(
-        self, onnx_input: Dict[str, np.ndarray], **kwargs
-    ) -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]:
+        self, onnx_input: dict[str, NumpyArray], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
         """
         Preprocess the onnx input.
         """
 
         return onnx_input
 
-    def _post_process_onnx_output(self, output: OnnxOutputContext) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
-        return normalize(output.model_output).astype(np.float32)
+    def _post_process_onnx_output(
+        self, output: OnnxOutputContext, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        return normalize(output.model_output)
 
 
-class OnnxImageEmbeddingWorker(ImageEmbeddingWorker):
-    def init_embedding(self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs) -> OnnxImageEmbedding:
-        return OnnxImageEmbedding(model_name=model_name, cache_dir=cache_dir, threads=1, **kwargs)
+class OnnxImageEmbeddingWorker(ImageEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]):
+    def init_embedding(self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs: Any) -> OnnxImageEmbedding:
+        return OnnxImageEmbedding(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
+        )

fastembed/image/onnx_image_model.py

@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@ import contextlib
 import os
 from multiprocessing import get_all_start_methods
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Type
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
 
 import numpy as np
 from PIL import Image
 
+from fastembed.image.transform.operators import Compose
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray, Device
 from fastembed.common import ImageInput, OnnxProvider
 from fastembed.common.onnx_model import EmbeddingWorker, OnnxModel, OnnxOutputContext, T
 from fastembed.common.preprocessor_utils import load_preprocessor
@@ -18,52 +20,74 @@ from fastembed.parallel_processor import ParallelWorkerPool
 
 class OnnxImageModel(OnnxModel[T]):
     @classmethod
-    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type["ImageEmbeddingWorker"]:
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type["ImageEmbeddingWorker[T]"]:
         raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
 
-    def _post_process_onnx_output(self, output: OnnxOutputContext) -> Iterable[T]:
+    def _post_process_onnx_output(self, output: OnnxOutputContext, **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[T]:
+        """Post-process the ONNX model output to convert it into a usable format.
+
+        Args:
+            output (OnnxOutputContext): The raw output from the ONNX model.
+            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments that may be needed by specific implementations.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[T]: Post-processed output as an iterable of type T.
+        """
         raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         super().__init__()
-        self.processor = None
+        self.processor: Compose | None = None
 
     def _preprocess_onnx_input(
-        self, onnx_input: Dict[str, np.ndarray], **kwargs
-    ) -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]:
+        self, onnx_input: dict[str, NumpyArray], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
         """
         Preprocess the onnx input.
         """
         return onnx_input
 
-    def load_onnx_model(
+    def _load_onnx_model(
         self,
         model_dir: Path,
         model_file: str,
-        threads: Optional[int],
-        providers: Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]] = None,
+        threads: int | None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_id: int | None = None,
+        extra_session_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
-        super().load_onnx_model(
+        super()._load_onnx_model(
             model_dir=model_dir,
             model_file=model_file,
             threads=threads,
             providers=providers,
+            cuda=cuda,
+            device_id=device_id,
+            extra_session_options=extra_session_options,
         )
         self.processor = load_preprocessor(model_dir=model_dir)
 
-    def _build_onnx_input(self, encoded: np.ndarray) -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]:
-        return {node.name: encoded for node in self.model.get_inputs()}
+    def load_onnx_model(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
 
-    def onnx_embed(self, images: List[ImageInput], **kwargs) -> OnnxOutputContext:
-        with contextlib.ExitStack():
+    def _build_onnx_input(self, encoded: NumpyArray) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
+        input_name = self.model.get_inputs()[0].name  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        return {input_name: encoded}
+
+    def onnx_embed(self, images: list[ImageInput], **kwargs: Any) -> OnnxOutputContext:
+        with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
             image_files = [
-                Image.open(image) if not isinstance(image, Image.Image) else image
+                stack.enter_context(Image.open(image))
+                if not isinstance(image, Image.Image)
+                else image
                 for image in images
             ]
-            encoded = self.processor(image_files)
+            assert self.processor is not None, "Processor is not initialized"
+            encoded = np.array(self.processor(image_files))
         onnx_input = self._build_onnx_input(encoded)
         onnx_input = self._preprocess_onnx_input(onnx_input)
-        model_output = self.model.run(None, onnx_input)
+        model_output = self.model.run(None, onnx_input)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
         embeddings = model_output[0].reshape(len(images), -1)
         return OnnxOutputContext(model_output=embeddings)
 
@@ -71,43 +95,62 @@ class OnnxImageModel(OnnxModel[T]):
         self,
         model_name: str,
         cache_dir: str,
-        images: ImageInput,
+        images: ImageInput | Iterable[ImageInput],
         batch_size: int = 256,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        local_files_only: bool = False,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        extra_session_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Iterable[T]:
         is_small = False
 
-        if (
-            isinstance(images, str)
-            or isinstance(images, Path)
-            or (isinstance(images, Image.Image))
-        ):
+        if isinstance(images, (str, Path, Image.Image)):
             images = [images]
             is_small = True
 
-        if isinstance(images, list):
-            if len(images) < batch_size:
-                is_small = True
-
-        if parallel == 0:
-            parallel = os.cpu_count()
+        if isinstance(images, list) and len(images) < batch_size:
+            is_small = True
 
         if parallel is None or is_small:
+            if not hasattr(self, "model") or self.model is None:
+                self.load_onnx_model()
+
             for batch in iter_batch(images, batch_size):
-                yield from self._post_process_onnx_output(self.onnx_embed(batch))
+                yield from self._post_process_onnx_output(self.onnx_embed(batch), **kwargs)
         else:
+            if parallel == 0:
+                parallel = os.cpu_count()
+
             start_method = "forkserver" if "forkserver" in get_all_start_methods() else "spawn"
-            params = {"model_name": model_name, "cache_dir": cache_dir, **kwargs}
+            params = {
+                "model_name": model_name,
+                "cache_dir": cache_dir,
+                "providers": providers,
+                "local_files_only": local_files_only,
+                "specific_model_path": specific_model_path,
+                **kwargs,
+            }
+
+            if extra_session_options is not None:
+                params.update(extra_session_options)
+
             pool = ParallelWorkerPool(
-                parallel, self._get_worker_class(), start_method=start_method
+                num_workers=parallel or 1,
+                worker=self._get_worker_class(),
+                cuda=cuda,
+                device_ids=device_ids,
+                start_method=start_method,
             )
             for batch in pool.ordered_map(iter_batch(images, batch_size), **params):
-                yield from self._post_process_onnx_output(batch)
+                yield from self._post_process_onnx_output(batch, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
 
 
-class ImageEmbeddingWorker(EmbeddingWorker):
-    def process(self, items: Iterable[Tuple[int, Any]]) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, Any]]:
+class ImageEmbeddingWorker(EmbeddingWorker[T]):
+    def process(self, items: Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]) -> Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]:
         for idx, batch in items:
             embeddings = self.model.onnx_embed(batch)
             yield idx, embeddings

fastembed/image/transform/functional.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-from typing import Sized, Tuple, Union
-
 import numpy as np
 from PIL import Image
 
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
+
 
 def convert_to_rgb(image: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
     if image.mode == "RGB":
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ def convert_to_rgb(image: Image.Image) -> Image.Image:
 
 
 def center_crop(
-    image: Union[Image.Image, np.ndarray],
-    size: Tuple[int, int],
-) -> np.ndarray:
+    image: Image.Image | NumpyArray,
+    size: tuple[int, int],
+) -> NumpyArray:
     if isinstance(image, np.ndarray):
         _, orig_height, orig_width = image.shape
     else:
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def center_crop(
     new_height = max(crop_height, orig_height)
     new_width = max(crop_width, orig_width)
     new_shape = image.shape[:-2] + (new_height, new_width)
-    new_image = np.zeros_like(image, shape=new_shape)
+    new_image = np.zeros_like(image, shape=new_shape, dtype=np.float32)
 
     top_pad = (new_height - orig_height) // 2
     bottom_pad = top_pad + orig_height
@@ -61,45 +61,42 @@ def center_crop(
 
 
 def normalize(
-    image: np.ndarray,
-    mean=Union[float, np.ndarray],
-    std=Union[float, np.ndarray],
-) -> np.ndarray:
-    if not isinstance(image, np.ndarray):
-        raise ValueError("image must be a numpy array")
-
+    image: NumpyArray,
+    mean: float | list[float],
+    std: float | list[float],
+) -> NumpyArray:
     num_channels = image.shape[1] if len(image.shape) == 4 else image.shape[0]
 
     if not np.issubdtype(image.dtype, np.floating):
         image = image.astype(np.float32)
 
-    if isinstance(mean, Sized):
-        if len(mean) != num_channels:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"mean must have {num_channels} elements if it is an iterable, got {len(mean)}"
-            )
-    else:
-        mean = [mean] * num_channels
-    mean = np.array(mean, dtype=image.dtype)
+    mean_list = mean if isinstance(mean, list) else [mean] * num_channels
 
-    if isinstance(std, Sized):
-        if len(std) != num_channels:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"std must have {num_channels} elements if it is an iterable, got {len(std)}"
-            )
-    else:
-        std = [std] * num_channels
-    std = np.array(std, dtype=image.dtype)
+    if len(mean_list) != num_channels:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"mean must have the same number of channels as the image, image has {num_channels} channels, got "
+            f"{len(mean_list)}"
+        )
 
-    image = ((image.T - mean) / std).T
-    return image
+    mean_arr = np.array(mean_list, dtype=np.float32)
+
+    std_list = std if isinstance(std, list) else [std] * num_channels
+    if len(std_list) != num_channels:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"std must have the same number of channels as the image, image has {num_channels} channels, got {len(std_list)}"
+        )
+
+    std_arr = np.array(std_list, dtype=np.float32)
+
+    image_upd = ((image.T - mean_arr) / std_arr).T
+    return image_upd
 
 
 def resize(
-    image: Image,
-    size: Union[int, Tuple[int, int]],
-    resample: Image.Resampling = Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
-) -> Image:
+    image: Image.Image,
+    size: int | tuple[int, int],
+    resample: int | Image.Resampling = Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
+) -> Image.Image:
     if isinstance(size, tuple):
         return image.resize(size, resample)
 
@@ -114,11 +111,111 @@ def resize(
     return image.resize(new_size, resample)
 
 
-def rescale(image: np.ndarray, scale: float, dtype=np.float32) -> np.ndarray:
+def rescale(image: NumpyArray, scale: float, dtype: type = np.float32) -> NumpyArray:
     return (image * scale).astype(dtype)
 
 
-def pil2ndarray(image: Union[Image.Image, np.ndarray]):
+def pil2ndarray(image: Image.Image | NumpyArray) -> NumpyArray:
     if isinstance(image, Image.Image):
         return np.asarray(image).transpose((2, 0, 1))
     return image
+
+
+def pad2square(
+    image: Image.Image,
+    size: int,
+    fill_color: str | int | tuple[int, ...] = 0,
+) -> Image.Image:
+    height, width = image.height, image.width
+
+    left, right = 0, width
+    top, bottom = 0, height
+
+    crop_required = False
+    if width > size:
+        left = (width - size) // 2
+        right = left + size
+        crop_required = True
+
+    if height > size:
+        top = (height - size) // 2
+        bottom = top + size
+        crop_required = True
+
+    new_image = Image.new(mode="RGB", size=(size, size), color=fill_color)
+    new_image.paste(image.crop((left, top, right, bottom)) if crop_required else image)
+    return new_image
+
+
+def resize_longest_edge(
+    image: Image.Image,
+    max_size: int,
+    resample: int | Image.Resampling = Image.Resampling.LANCZOS,
+) -> Image.Image:
+    height, width = image.height, image.width
+    aspect_ratio = width / height
+
+    if width >= height:
+        # Width is longer
+        new_width = max_size
+        new_height = int(new_width / aspect_ratio)
+    else:
+        # Height is longer
+        new_height = max_size
+        new_width = int(new_height * aspect_ratio)
+
+    # Ensure even dimensions
+    if new_height % 2 != 0:
+        new_height += 1
+    if new_width % 2 != 0:
+        new_width += 1
+
+    return image.resize((new_width, new_height), resample)
+
+
+def crop_ndarray(
+    image: NumpyArray,
+    x1: int,
+    y1: int,
+    x2: int,
+    y2: int,
+    channel_first: bool = True,
+) -> NumpyArray:
+    if channel_first:
+        # (C, H, W) format
+        return image[:, y1:y2, x1:x2]
+    else:
+        # (H, W, C) format
+        return image[y1:y2, x1:x2, :]
+
+
+def resize_ndarray(
+    image: NumpyArray,
+    size: tuple[int, int],
+    resample: int | Image.Resampling = Image.Resampling.LANCZOS,
+    channel_first: bool = True,
+) -> NumpyArray:
+    # Convert to PIL-friendly format (H, W, C)
+    if channel_first:
+        img_hwc = image.transpose((1, 2, 0))
+    else:
+        img_hwc = image
+
+    # Handle different dtypes
+    if img_hwc.dtype == np.float32 or img_hwc.dtype == np.float64:
+        # Assume normalized, scale to 0-255 for PIL
+        img_hwc_scaled = (img_hwc * 255).astype(np.uint8)
+        pil_img = Image.fromarray(img_hwc_scaled, mode="RGB")
+        resized = pil_img.resize(size, resample)
+        result = np.array(resized).astype(np.float32) / 255.0
+    else:
+        # uint8 or similar
+        pil_img = Image.fromarray(img_hwc.astype(np.uint8), mode="RGB")
+        resized = pil_img.resize(size, resample)
+        result = np.array(resized)
+
+    # Convert back to original format
+    if channel_first:
+        result = result.transpose((2, 0, 1))
+
+    return result

fastembed/image/transform/operators.py

@@ -1,126 +1,332 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Any
+import math
 
-import numpy as np
 from PIL import Image
 
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
 from fastembed.image.transform.functional import (
     center_crop,
     convert_to_rgb,
+    crop_ndarray,
     normalize,
     pil2ndarray,
     rescale,
     resize,
+    resize_longest_edge,
+    resize_ndarray,
+    pad2square,
 )
 
 
 class Transform:
-    def __call__(self, images: List) -> Union[List[Image.Image], List[np.ndarray]]:
+    def __call__(self, images: list[Any]) -> list[Image.Image] | list[NumpyArray]:
         raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
 
 
 class ConvertToRGB(Transform):
-    def __call__(self, images: List[Image.Image]) -> List[Image.Image]:
+    def __call__(self, images: list[Image.Image]) -> list[Image.Image]:
         return [convert_to_rgb(image=image) for image in images]
 
 
 class CenterCrop(Transform):
-    def __init__(self, size: Tuple[int, int]):
+    def __init__(self, size: tuple[int, int]):
         self.size = size
 
-    def __call__(self, images: List[Image.Image]) -> List[np.ndarray]:
+    def __call__(self, images: list[Image.Image]) -> list[NumpyArray]:
         return [center_crop(image=image, size=self.size) for image in images]
 
 
 class Normalize(Transform):
-    def __init__(self, mean: Union[float, List[float]], std: Union[float, List[float]]):
+    def __init__(self, mean: float | list[float], std: float | list[float]):
         self.mean = mean
         self.std = std
 
-    def __call__(self, images: List[np.ndarray]) -> List[np.ndarray]:
-        return [normalize(image, mean=self.mean, std=self.std) for image in images]
+    def __call__(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, images: list[NumpyArray] | list[list[NumpyArray]]
+    ) -> list[NumpyArray] | list[list[NumpyArray]]:
+        if images and isinstance(images[0], list):
+            # Nested structure from ImageSplitter
+            return [
+                [normalize(image, mean=self.mean, std=self.std) for image in img_patches]  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                for img_patches in images
+            ]
+        else:
+            # Flat structure (backward compatibility)
+            return [normalize(image, mean=self.mean, std=self.std) for image in images]  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
 class Resize(Transform):
     def __init__(
         self,
-        size: Union[int, Tuple[int, int]],
+        size: int | tuple[int, int],
         resample: Image.Resampling = Image.Resampling.BICUBIC,
     ):
         self.size = size
         self.resample = resample
 
-    def __call__(self, images: List[Image.Image]) -> List[Image.Image]:
-        return [
-            resize(image, size=self.size, resample=self.resample) for image in images
-        ]
+    def __call__(self, images: list[Image.Image]) -> list[Image.Image]:
+        return [resize(image, size=self.size, resample=self.resample) for image in images]
 
 
 class Rescale(Transform):
     def __init__(self, scale: float = 1 / 255):
         self.scale = scale
 
-    def __call__(self, images: List[np.ndarray]) -> List[np.ndarray]:
-        return [rescale(image, scale=self.scale) for image in images]
+    def __call__(  # type: ignore[override]
+        self, images: list[NumpyArray] | list[list[NumpyArray]]
+    ) -> list[NumpyArray] | list[list[NumpyArray]]:
+        if images and isinstance(images[0], list):
+            # Nested structure from ImageSplitter
+            return [
+                [rescale(image, scale=self.scale) for image in img_patches]  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                for img_patches in images
+            ]
+        else:
+            # Flat structure (backward compatibility)
+            return [rescale(image, scale=self.scale) for image in images]  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
 
 class PILtoNDarray(Transform):
-    def __call__(
-        self, images: List[Union[Image.Image, np.ndarray]]
-    ) -> List[np.ndarray]:
+    def __call__(self, images: list[Image.Image | NumpyArray]) -> list[NumpyArray]:
         return [pil2ndarray(image) for image in images]
 
 
+class PadtoSquare(Transform):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        size: int,
+        fill_color: str | int | tuple[int, ...],
+    ):
+        self.size = size
+        self.fill_color = fill_color
+
+    def __call__(self, images: list[Image.Image]) -> list[Image.Image]:
+        return [
+            pad2square(image=image, size=self.size, fill_color=self.fill_color) for image in images
+        ]
+
+
+class ResizeLongestEdge(Transform):
+    """Resize images so the longest edge equals target size, preserving aspect ratio."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        size: int,
+        resample: Image.Resampling = Image.Resampling.LANCZOS,
+    ):
+        self.size = size
+        self.resample = resample
+
+    def __call__(self, images: list[Image.Image]) -> list[Image.Image]:
+        return [resize_longest_edge(image, self.size, self.resample) for image in images]
+
+
+class ResizeForVisionEncoder(Transform):
+    """
+    Resize both dimensions to be multiples of vision_encoder_max_size.
+    Preserves aspect ratio approximately.
+    Works on numpy arrays in (C, H, W) format.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        max_size: int,
+        resample: Image.Resampling = Image.Resampling.LANCZOS,
+    ):
+        self.max_size = max_size
+        self.resample = resample
+
+    def __call__(self, images: list[NumpyArray]) -> list[NumpyArray]:
+        result = []
+        for image in images:
+            # Assume (C, H, W) format
+            _, height, width = image.shape
+
+            aspect_ratio = width / height
+
+            if width >= height:
+                # Calculate new width as multiple of max_size
+                new_width = math.ceil(width / self.max_size) * self.max_size
+                new_height = int(new_width / aspect_ratio)
+                new_height = math.ceil(new_height / self.max_size) * self.max_size
+            else:
+                # Calculate new height as multiple of max_size
+                new_height = math.ceil(height / self.max_size) * self.max_size
+                new_width = int(new_height * aspect_ratio)
+                new_width = math.ceil(new_width / self.max_size) * self.max_size
+
+            # Resize using the ndarray resize function
+            resized = resize_ndarray(
+                image,
+                size=(new_width, new_height),  # PIL expects (width, height)
+                resample=self.resample,
+                channel_first=True,
+            )
+            result.append(resized)
+
+        return result
+
+
+class ImageSplitter(Transform):
+    """
+    Split images into grid of patches plus a global view.
+
+    If image dimensions exceed max_size:
+    - Divide into ceil(H/max_size) x ceil(W/max_size) patches
+    - Each patch is cropped from the image
+    - Add a global view (original resized to max_size x max_size)
+
+    If image is smaller than max_size:
+    - Return single image unchanged
+
+    Works on numpy arrays in (C, H, W) format.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        max_size: int,
+        resample: Image.Resampling = Image.Resampling.LANCZOS,
+    ):
+        self.max_size = max_size
+        self.resample = resample
+
+    def __call__(self, images: list[NumpyArray]) -> list[list[NumpyArray]]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        result = []
+
+        for image in images:
+            # Assume (C, H, W) format
+            _, height, width = image.shape
+            max_height = max_width = self.max_size
+
+            frames = []
+
+            if height > max_height or width > max_width:
+                # Calculate the number of splits needed
+                num_splits_h = math.ceil(height / max_height)
+                num_splits_w = math.ceil(width / max_width)
+
+                # Calculate optimal patch dimensions
+                optimal_height = math.ceil(height / num_splits_h)
+                optimal_width = math.ceil(width / num_splits_w)
+
+                # Generate patches in grid order (row by row)
+                for r in range(num_splits_h):
+                    for c in range(num_splits_w):
+                        # Calculate crop coordinates
+                        start_x = c * optimal_width
+                        start_y = r * optimal_height
+                        end_x = min(start_x + optimal_width, width)
+                        end_y = min(start_y + optimal_height, height)
+
+                        # Crop the patch
+                        cropped = crop_ndarray(
+                            image, x1=start_x, y1=start_y, x2=end_x, y2=end_y, channel_first=True
+                        )
+                        frames.append(cropped)
+
+                # Add global view (resized to max_size x max_size)
+                global_view = resize_ndarray(
+                    image,
+                    size=(max_width, max_height),  # PIL expects (width, height)
+                    resample=self.resample,
+                    channel_first=True,
+                )
+                frames.append(global_view)
+            else:
+                # Image is small enough, no splitting needed
+                frames.append(image)
+
+            # Append (not extend) to preserve per-image grouping
+            result.append(frames)
+
+        return result
+
+
+class SquareResize(Transform):
+    """
+    Resize images to square dimensions (max_size x max_size).
+    Works on numpy arrays in (C, H, W) format.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        size: int,
+        resample: Image.Resampling = Image.Resampling.LANCZOS,
+    ):
+        self.size = size
+        self.resample = resample
+
+    def __call__(self, images: list[NumpyArray]) -> list[list[NumpyArray]]:  # type: ignore[override]
+        return [
+            [
+                resize_ndarray(
+                    image, size=(self.size, self.size), resample=self.resample, channel_first=True
+                )
+            ]
+            for image in images
+        ]
+
+
 class Compose:
-    def __init__(self, transforms: List[Transform]):
+    def __init__(self, transforms: list[Transform]):
         self.transforms = transforms
 
     def __call__(
-        self, images: Union[List[Image.Image], List[np.ndarray]]
-    ) -> Union[List[np.ndarray], List[Image.Image]]:
+        self, images: list[Image.Image] | list[NumpyArray]
+    ) -> list[NumpyArray] | list[Image.Image]:
         for transform in self.transforms:
             images = transform(images)
         return images
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_config(cls, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> "Compose":
+    def from_config(cls, config: dict[str, Any]) -> "Compose":
         """Creates processor from a config dict.
         Args:
-            config (Dict[str, Any]): Configuration dictionary.
+            config (dict[str, Any]): Configuration dictionary.
 
                 Valid keys:
                     - do_resize
+                    - resize_mode
                     - size
+                    - fill_color
                     - do_center_crop
                     - crop_size
                     - do_rescale
                     - rescale_factor
                     - do_normalize
                     - image_mean
+                    - mean
                     - image_std
+                    - std
+                    - resample
+                    - interpolation
                 Valid size keys (nested):
                     - {"height", "width"}
                     - {"shortest_edge"}
+                    - {"longest_edge"}
 
         Returns:
             Compose: Image processor.
         """
-        transforms = []
+        transforms: list[Transform] = []
         cls._get_convert_to_rgb(transforms, config)
         cls._get_resize(transforms, config)
+        cls._get_pad2square(transforms, config)
         cls._get_center_crop(transforms, config)
         cls._get_pil2ndarray(transforms, config)
+        cls._get_image_splitting(transforms, config)
         cls._get_rescale(transforms, config)
         cls._get_normalize(transforms, config)
         return cls(transforms=transforms)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _get_convert_to_rgb(transforms: List[Transform], config: Dict[str, Any]):
+    def _get_convert_to_rgb(transforms: list[Transform], config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         transforms.append(ConvertToRGB())
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _get_resize(transforms: List[Transform], config: Dict[str, Any]):
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_resize(cls, transforms: list[Transform], config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         mode = config.get("image_processor_type", "CLIPImageProcessor")
-        if mode == "CLIPImageProcessor":
+        if mode in ("CLIPImageProcessor", "SiglipImageProcessor"):
             if config.get("do_resize", False):
                 size = config["size"]
                 if "shortest_edge" in size:
@@ -161,38 +367,133 @@ class Compose:
                         resample=config.get("resample", Image.Resampling.BICUBIC),
                     )
                 )
+        elif mode == "JinaCLIPImageProcessor":
+            interpolation = config.get("interpolation")
+            if isinstance(interpolation, str):
+                resample = cls._interpolation_resolver(interpolation)
+            else:
+                resample = interpolation or Image.Resampling.BICUBIC
+
+            if "size" in config:
+                resize_mode = config.get("resize_mode", "shortest")
+                if resize_mode == "shortest":
+                    transforms.append(
+                        Resize(
+                            size=config["size"],
+                            resample=resample,
+                        )
+                    )
+        elif mode == "Idefics3ImageProcessor":
+            if config.get("do_resize", False):
+                size = config.get("size", {})
+                if "longest_edge" not in size:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Size dictionary must contain 'longest_edge' key for Idefics3ImageProcessor"
+                    )
+
+                # Handle resample parameter - can be int enum or PIL.Image.Resampling
+                resample = config.get("resample", Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
+                if isinstance(resample, int):
+                    resample = Image.Resampling(resample)
+
+                transforms.append(
+                    ResizeLongestEdge(
+                        size=size["longest_edge"],
+                        resample=resample,
+                    )
+                )
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Preprocessor {mode} is not supported")
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _get_center_crop(transforms: List[Transform], config: Dict[str, Any]):
+    def _get_center_crop(transforms: list[Transform], config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         mode = config.get("image_processor_type", "CLIPImageProcessor")
-        if mode == "CLIPImageProcessor":
+        if mode in ("CLIPImageProcessor", "SiglipImageProcessor"):
             if config.get("do_center_crop", False):
-                crop_size = config["crop_size"]
-                if isinstance(crop_size, int):
-                    crop_size = (crop_size, crop_size)
-                elif isinstance(crop_size, dict):
-                    crop_size = (crop_size["height"], crop_size["width"])
+                crop_size_raw = config["crop_size"]
+                crop_size: tuple[int, int]
+                if isinstance(crop_size_raw, int):
+                    crop_size = (crop_size_raw, crop_size_raw)
+                elif isinstance(crop_size_raw, dict):
+                    crop_size = (crop_size_raw["height"], crop_size_raw["width"])
                 else:
-                    raise ValueError(f"Invalid crop size: {crop_size}")
+                    raise ValueError(f"Invalid crop size: {crop_size_raw}")
                 transforms.append(CenterCrop(size=crop_size))
         elif mode == "ConvNextFeatureExtractor":
             pass
+        elif mode == "JinaCLIPImageProcessor":
+            pass
+        elif mode == "Idefics3ImageProcessor":
+            pass
         else:
             raise ValueError(f"Preprocessor {mode} is not supported")
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _get_pil2ndarray(transforms: List[Transform], config: Dict[str, Any]):
+    def _get_pil2ndarray(transforms: list[Transform], config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         transforms.append(PILtoNDarray())
 
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_image_splitting(cls, transforms: list[Transform], config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """
+        Add image splitting transforms for Idefics3.
+        Handles conditional logic: splitting vs square resize.
+        Must be called AFTER PILtoNDarray.
+        """
+        mode = config.get("image_processor_type", "CLIPImageProcessor")
+
+        if mode == "Idefics3ImageProcessor":
+            do_splitting = config.get("do_image_splitting", False)
+            max_size = config.get("max_image_size", {}).get("longest_edge", 512)
+            resample = config.get("resample", Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
+            if isinstance(resample, int):
+                resample = Image.Resampling(resample)
+
+            if do_splitting:
+                transforms.append(ResizeForVisionEncoder(max_size, resample))
+                transforms.append(ImageSplitter(max_size, resample))
+            else:
+                transforms.append(SquareResize(max_size, resample))
+
     @staticmethod
-    def _get_rescale(transforms: List[Transform], config: Dict[str, Any]):
+    def _get_rescale(transforms: list[Transform], config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         if config.get("do_rescale", True):
             rescale_factor = config.get("rescale_factor", 1 / 255)
             transforms.append(Rescale(scale=rescale_factor))
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _get_normalize(transforms: List[Transform], config: Dict[str, Any]):
+    def _get_normalize(transforms: list[Transform], config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         if config.get("do_normalize", False):
+            transforms.append(Normalize(mean=config["image_mean"], std=config["image_std"]))
+        elif "mean" in config and "std" in config:
+            transforms.append(Normalize(mean=config["mean"], std=config["std"]))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_pad2square(transforms: list[Transform], config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        mode = config.get("image_processor_type", "CLIPImageProcessor")
+        if mode == "CLIPImageProcessor":
+            pass
+        elif mode == "ConvNextFeatureExtractor":
+            pass
+        elif mode == "JinaCLIPImageProcessor":
             transforms.append(
-                Normalize(mean=config["image_mean"], std=config["image_std"])
+                PadtoSquare(
+                    size=config["size"],
+                    fill_color=config.get("fill_color", 0),
+                )
             )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _interpolation_resolver(resample: str | None = None) -> Image.Resampling:
+        interpolation_map = {
+            "nearest": Image.Resampling.NEAREST,
+            "lanczos": Image.Resampling.LANCZOS,
+            "bilinear": Image.Resampling.BILINEAR,
+            "bicubic": Image.Resampling.BICUBIC,
+            "box": Image.Resampling.BOX,
+            "hamming": Image.Resampling.HAMMING,
+        }
+
+        if resample and (method := interpolation_map.get(resample.lower())):
+            return method
+
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown interpolation method: {resample}")

fastembed/late_interaction/colbert.py

@@ -1,123 +1,154 @@
 import string
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Type, Union
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
 
 import numpy as np
-from tokenizers import Encoding
+from tokenizers import Encoding, Tokenizer
 
+from fastembed.common.preprocessor_utils import load_tokenizer
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray, Device
 from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider
 from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
-from fastembed.common.utils import define_cache_dir
+from fastembed.common.utils import define_cache_dir, iter_batch
 from fastembed.late_interaction.late_interaction_embedding_base import (
     LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase,
 )
 from fastembed.text.onnx_text_model import OnnxTextModel, TextEmbeddingWorker
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription, ModelSource
 
-supported_colbert_models = [
-    {
-        "model": "colbert-ir/colbertv2.0",
-        "dim": 128,
-        "description": "Late interaction model",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.44,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "colbert-ir/colbertv2.0",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1",
-        "dim": 96,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), Multilingual (~100 languages), 512 input tokens truncation, 2024 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.13,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1",
-        },
-        "model_file": "vespa_colbert.onnx",
-    },
+supported_colbert_models: list[DenseModelDescription] = [
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="colbert-ir/colbertv2.0",
+        dim=128,
+        description="Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, 2023 year",
+        license="mit",
+        size_in_GB=0.44,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="colbert-ir/colbertv2.0"),
+        model_file="model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1",
+        dim=96,
+        description="Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, 2024 year",
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.13,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1"),
+        model_file="vespa_colbert.onnx",
+    ),
 ]
 
 
-class Colbert(LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[np.ndarray]):
+class Colbert(LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[NumpyArray]):
     QUERY_MARKER_TOKEN_ID = 1
     DOCUMENT_MARKER_TOKEN_ID = 2
-    MIN_QUERY_LENGTH = 32
+    MIN_QUERY_LENGTH = 31  # it's 32, we add one additional special token in the beginning
     MASK_TOKEN = "[MASK]"
 
     def _post_process_onnx_output(
-        self, output: OnnxOutputContext, is_doc: bool = True
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+        self, output: OnnxOutputContext, is_doc: bool = True, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         if not is_doc:
-            return output.model_output.astype(np.float32)
+            for embedding in output.model_output:
+                yield embedding
+        else:
+            if output.input_ids is None or output.attention_mask is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "input_ids and attention_mask must be provided for document post-processing"
+                )
 
-        for i, token_sequence in enumerate(output.input_ids):
-            for j, token_id in enumerate(token_sequence):
-                if token_id in self.skip_list or token_id == self.pad_token_id:
-                    output.attention_mask[i, j] = 0
+            for i, token_sequence in enumerate(output.input_ids):
+                for j, token_id in enumerate(token_sequence):  # type: ignore
+                    if token_id in self.skip_list or token_id == self.pad_token_id:
+                        output.attention_mask[i, j] = 0
 
-        output.model_output *= np.expand_dims(output.attention_mask, 2).astype(np.float32)
-        norm = np.linalg.norm(output.model_output, ord=2, axis=2, keepdims=True)
-        norm_clamped = np.maximum(norm, 1e-12)
-        output.model_output /= norm_clamped
-        return output.model_output.astype(np.float32)
+            output.model_output *= np.expand_dims(output.attention_mask, 2)
+            norm = np.linalg.norm(output.model_output, ord=2, axis=2, keepdims=True)
+            norm_clamped = np.maximum(norm, 1e-12)
+            output.model_output /= norm_clamped
+
+            for embedding, attention_mask in zip(output.model_output, output.attention_mask):
+                yield embedding[attention_mask == 1]
 
     def _preprocess_onnx_input(
-        self, onnx_input: Dict[str, np.ndarray], is_doc: bool = True
-    ) -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]:
-        if is_doc:
-            onnx_input["input_ids"][:, 1] = self.DOCUMENT_MARKER_TOKEN_ID
-        else:
-            onnx_input["input_ids"][:, 1] = self.QUERY_MARKER_TOKEN_ID
+        self, onnx_input: dict[str, NumpyArray], is_doc: bool = True, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
+        marker_token = self.DOCUMENT_MARKER_TOKEN_ID if is_doc else self.QUERY_MARKER_TOKEN_ID
+        onnx_input["input_ids"] = np.insert(
+            onnx_input["input_ids"].astype(np.int64), 1, marker_token, axis=1
+        )
+        onnx_input["attention_mask"] = np.insert(
+            onnx_input["attention_mask"].astype(np.int64), 1, 1, axis=1
+        )
         return onnx_input
 
-    def tokenize(self, documents: List[str], is_doc: bool = True) -> List[Encoding]:
+    def tokenize(self, documents: list[str], is_doc: bool = True, **kwargs: Any) -> list[Encoding]:
         return (
             self._tokenize_documents(documents=documents)
             if is_doc
             else self._tokenize_query(query=next(iter(documents)))
         )
 
-    def _tokenize_query(self, query: str) -> List[Encoding]:
-        # ". " is added to a query to be replaced with a special query token
-        query = [f". {query}"]
-        encoded = self.tokenizer.encode_batch(query)
-        # colbert authors recommend to pad queries with [MASK] tokens for query augmentation to improve performance
-        if len(encoded[0].ids) < self.MIN_QUERY_LENGTH:
-            prev_padding = None
-            if self.tokenizer.padding:
-                prev_padding = self.tokenizer.padding
-            self.tokenizer.enable_padding(
-                pad_token=self.MASK_TOKEN,
-                pad_id=self.mask_token_id,
-                length=self.MIN_QUERY_LENGTH,
-            )
-            encoded = self.tokenizer.encode_batch(query)
-            if prev_padding is None:
-                self.tokenizer.no_padding()
-            else:
-                self.tokenizer.enable_padding(**prev_padding)
+    def _tokenize_query(self, query: str) -> list[Encoding]:
+        assert self.query_tokenizer is not None
+        encoded = self.query_tokenizer.encode_batch([query])
         return encoded
 
-    def _tokenize_documents(self, documents: List[str]) -> List[Encoding]:
-        # ". " is added to a document to be replaced with a special document token
-        documents = [". " + doc for doc in documents]
-        encoded = self.tokenizer.encode_batch(documents)
+    def _tokenize_documents(self, documents: list[str]) -> list[Encoding]:
+        encoded = self.tokenizer.encode_batch(documents)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
         return encoded
 
+    def token_count(
+        self,
+        texts: str | Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 1024,
+        is_doc: bool = True,
+        include_extension: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> int:
+        if not hasattr(self, "model") or self.model is None:
+            self.load_onnx_model()  # loads the tokenizer as well
+        token_num = 0
+        texts = [texts] if isinstance(texts, str) else texts
+        tokenizer = self.tokenizer if is_doc else self.query_tokenizer
+        assert tokenizer is not None
+        for batch in iter_batch(texts, batch_size):
+            for tokens in tokenizer.encode_batch(batch):
+                if is_doc:
+                    token_num += sum(tokens.attention_mask)
+                else:
+                    attend_count = sum(tokens.attention_mask)
+                    if include_extension:
+                        token_num += max(attend_count, self.MIN_QUERY_LENGTH)
+
+                    else:
+                        token_num += attend_count
+            if include_extension:
+                token_num += len(
+                    batch
+                )  # add 1 for each cls.DOC_MARKER_TOKEN_ID or cls.QUERY_MARKER_TOKEN_ID
+
+        return token_num
+
     @classmethod
-    def list_supported_models(cls) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
         """Lists the supported models.
 
         Returns:
-            List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+            list[DenseModelDescription]: A list of DenseModelDescription objects containing the model information.
         """
         return supported_colbert_models
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str,
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
-        threads: Optional[int] = None,
-        providers: Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        device_id: int | None = None,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         """
         Args:
@@ -126,41 +157,93 @@ class Colbert(LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[np.ndarray]):
                                        Can be set using the `FASTEMBED_CACHE_PATH` env variable.
                                        Defaults to `fastembed_cache` in the system's temp directory.
             threads (int, optional): The number of threads single onnxruntime session can use. Defaults to None.
+            providers (Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]], optional): The list of onnxruntime providers to use.
+                Mutually exclusive with the `cuda` and `device_ids` arguments. Defaults to None.
+            cuda (Union[bool, Device], optional): Whether to use cuda for inference. Mutually exclusive with `providers`
+                Defaults to Device.AUTO.
+            device_ids (Optional[list[int]], optional): The list of device ids to use for data parallel processing in
+                workers. Should be used with `cuda` equals to `True`, `Device.AUTO` or `Device.CUDA`, mutually exclusive
+                with `providers`. Defaults to None.
+            lazy_load (bool, optional): Whether to load the model during class initialization or on demand.
+                Should be set to True when using multiple-gpu and parallel encoding. Defaults to False.
+            device_id (Optional[int], optional): The device id to use for loading the model in the worker process.
+            specific_model_path (Optional[str], optional): The specific path to the onnx model dir if it should be imported from somewhere else
 
         Raises:
             ValueError: If the model_name is not in the format <org>/<model> e.g. BAAI/bge-base-en.
         """
 
         super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)
+        self.providers = providers
+        self.lazy_load = lazy_load
+        self._extra_session_options = self._select_exposed_session_options(kwargs)
 
-        model_description = self._get_model_description(model_name)
-        self.cache_dir = define_cache_dir(cache_dir)
+        # List of device ids, that can be used for data parallel processing in workers
+        self.device_ids = device_ids
+        self.cuda = cuda
 
-        model_dir = self.download_model(
-            model_description, self.cache_dir, local_files_only=self._local_files_only
+        # This device_id will be used if we need to load model in current process
+        self.device_id: int | None = None
+        if device_id is not None:
+            self.device_id = device_id
+        elif self.device_ids is not None:
+            self.device_id = self.device_ids[0]
+
+        self.model_description = self._get_model_description(model_name)
+        self.cache_dir = str(define_cache_dir(cache_dir))
+
+        self._specific_model_path = specific_model_path
+        self._model_dir = self.download_model(
+            self.model_description,
+            self.cache_dir,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
         )
+        self.mask_token_id: int | None = None
+        self.pad_token_id: int | None = None
+        self.skip_list: set[int] = set()
 
-        self.load_onnx_model(
-            model_dir=model_dir,
-            model_file=model_description["model_file"],
-            threads=threads,
-            providers=providers,
+        self.query_tokenizer: Tokenizer | None = None
+
+        if not self.lazy_load:
+            self.load_onnx_model()
+
+    def load_onnx_model(self) -> None:
+        self._load_onnx_model(
+            model_dir=self._model_dir,
+            model_file=self.model_description.model_file,
+            threads=self.threads,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_id=self.device_id,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
         )
-        self.mask_token_id = self.special_token_to_id["[MASK]"]
+        self.query_tokenizer, _ = load_tokenizer(model_dir=self._model_dir)
+
+        assert self.tokenizer is not None
+        self.mask_token_id = self.special_token_to_id[self.MASK_TOKEN]
         self.pad_token_id = self.tokenizer.padding["pad_id"]
-
         self.skip_list = {
             self.tokenizer.encode(symbol, add_special_tokens=False).ids[0]
             for symbol in string.punctuation
         }
+        current_max_length = self.tokenizer.truncation["max_length"]
+        # ensure not to overflow after adding document-marker
+        self.tokenizer.enable_truncation(max_length=current_max_length - 1)
+        self.query_tokenizer.enable_truncation(max_length=current_max_length - 1)
+        self.query_tokenizer.enable_padding(
+            pad_token=self.MASK_TOKEN,
+            pad_id=self.mask_token_id,
+            length=self.MIN_QUERY_LENGTH,
+        )
 
     def embed(
         self,
-        documents: Union[str, Iterable[str]],
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
         batch_size: int = 256,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         """
         Encode a list of documents into list of embeddings.
         We use mean pooling with attention so that the model can handle variable-length inputs.
@@ -182,23 +265,37 @@ class Colbert(LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[np.ndarray]):
             documents=documents,
             batch_size=batch_size,
             parallel=parallel,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_ids=self.device_ids,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
             **kwargs,
         )
 
-    def query_embed(self, query: Union[str, List[str]], **kwargs) -> np.ndarray:
+    def query_embed(self, query: str | Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         if isinstance(query, str):
             query = [query]
 
+        if not hasattr(self, "model") or self.model is None:
+            self.load_onnx_model()
+
         for text in query:
             yield from self._post_process_onnx_output(
                 self.onnx_embed([text], is_doc=False), is_doc=False
             )
 
     @classmethod
-    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[TextEmbeddingWorker]:
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[TextEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]]:
         return ColbertEmbeddingWorker
 
 
-class ColbertEmbeddingWorker(TextEmbeddingWorker):
-    def init_embedding(self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs) -> Colbert:
-        return Colbert(model_name=model_name, cache_dir=cache_dir, threads=1, **kwargs)
+class ColbertEmbeddingWorker(TextEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]):
+    def init_embedding(self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Colbert:
+        return Colbert(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
+        )

fastembed/late_interaction/jina_colbert.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+from typing import Any, Type
+
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
+from fastembed.late_interaction.colbert import Colbert, ColbertEmbeddingWorker
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription, ModelSource
+
+supported_jina_colbert_models: list[DenseModelDescription] = [
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="jinaai/jina-colbert-v2",
+        dim=128,
+        description="New model that expands capabilities of colbert-v1 with multilingual and context length of 8192, 2024 year",
+        license="cc-by-nc-4.0",
+        size_in_GB=2.24,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="jinaai/jina-colbert-v2"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+        additional_files=["onnx/model.onnx_data"],
+    )
+]
+
+
+class JinaColbert(Colbert):
+    QUERY_MARKER_TOKEN_ID = 250002
+    DOCUMENT_MARKER_TOKEN_ID = 250003
+    MIN_QUERY_LENGTH = 31  # it's 32, we add one additional special token in the beginning
+    MASK_TOKEN = "<mask>"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[ColbertEmbeddingWorker]:
+        return JinaColbertEmbeddingWorker
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
+        """Lists the supported models.
+
+        Returns:
+            list[DenseModelDescription]: A list of DenseModelDescription objects containing the model information.
+        """
+        return supported_jina_colbert_models
+
+    def _preprocess_onnx_input(
+        self, onnx_input: dict[str, NumpyArray], is_doc: bool = True, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
+        onnx_input = super()._preprocess_onnx_input(onnx_input, is_doc)
+
+        # the attention mask for jina-colbert-v2 is always 1 in queries
+        if not is_doc:
+            onnx_input["attention_mask"][:] = 1
+        return onnx_input
+
+
+class JinaColbertEmbeddingWorker(ColbertEmbeddingWorker):
+    def init_embedding(self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs: Any) -> JinaColbert:
+        return JinaColbert(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
+        )

fastembed/late_interaction/late_interaction_embedding_base.py

@@ -1,33 +1,34 @@
-from typing import Iterable, Optional, Union
-
-import numpy as np
+from typing import Iterable, Any
 
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
 from fastembed.common.model_management import ModelManagement
 
 
-class LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement):
+class LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement[DenseModelDescription]):
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str,
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
-        threads: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         self.model_name = model_name
         self.cache_dir = cache_dir
         self.threads = threads
         self._local_files_only = kwargs.pop("local_files_only", False)
+        self._embedding_size: int | None = None
 
     def embed(
         self,
-        documents: Union[str, Iterable[str]],
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
         batch_size: int = 256,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    def passage_embed(self, texts: Iterable[str], **kwargs) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+    def passage_embed(self, texts: Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         """
         Embeds a list of text passages into a list of embeddings.
 
@@ -36,15 +37,13 @@ class LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement):
             **kwargs: Additional keyword argument to pass to the embed method.
 
         Yields:
-            Iterable[np.ndarray]: The embeddings.
+            Iterable[NdArray]: The embeddings.
         """
 
         # This is model-specific, so that different models can have specialized implementations
         yield from self.embed(texts, **kwargs)
 
-    def query_embed(
-        self, query: Union[str, Iterable[str]], **kwargs
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+    def query_embed(self, query: str | Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         """
         Embeds queries
 
@@ -52,11 +51,30 @@ class LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement):
             query (Union[str, Iterable[str]]): The query to embed, or an iterable e.g. list of queries.
 
         Returns:
-            Iterable[np.ndarray]: The embeddings.
+            Iterable[NdArray]: The embeddings.
         """
 
         # This is model-specific, so that different models can have specialized implementations
         if isinstance(query, str):
             yield from self.embed([query], **kwargs)
-        if isinstance(query, Iterable):
+        else:
             yield from self.embed(query, **kwargs)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_embedding_size(cls, model_name: str) -> int:
+        """Returns embedding size of the chosen model."""
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    @property
+    def embedding_size(self) -> int:
+        """Returns embedding size for the current model"""
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    def token_count(
+        self,
+        texts: str | Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 1024,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> int:
+        """Returns the number of tokens in the texts."""
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")

fastembed/late_interaction/late_interaction_text_embedding.py

@@ -1,80 +1,126 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Type, Union
-
-import numpy as np
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
+from dataclasses import asdict
 
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray, Device
 from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider
 from fastembed.late_interaction.colbert import Colbert
+from fastembed.late_interaction.jina_colbert import JinaColbert
 from fastembed.late_interaction.late_interaction_embedding_base import (
     LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase,
 )
 
 
 class LateInteractionTextEmbedding(LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase):
-    EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY: List[Type[LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase]] = [
-        Colbert,
-    ]
+    EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY: list[Type[LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase]] = [Colbert, JinaColbert]
 
     @classmethod
-    def list_supported_models(cls) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def list_supported_models(cls) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """
         Lists the supported models.
 
         Returns:
-            List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+            list[dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
 
             Example:
                 ```
                 [
                     {
-                        "model": "prithvida/SPLADE_PP_en_v1",
-                        "vocab_size": 30522,
-                        "description": "Independent Implementation of SPLADE++ Model for English",
-                        "size_in_GB": 0.532,
+                        "model": "colbert-ir/colbertv2.0",
+                        "dim": 128,
+                        "description": "Late interaction model",
+                        "license": "mit",
+                        "size_in_GB": 0.44,
                         "sources": {
-                            "hf": "qdrant/SPLADE_PP_en_v1",
+                            "hf": "colbert-ir/colbertv2.0",
                         },
-                    }
+                        "model_file": "model.onnx",
+                    },
                 ]
                 ```
         """
-        result = []
+        return [asdict(model) for model in cls._list_supported_models()]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
+        result: list[DenseModelDescription] = []
         for embedding in cls.EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY:
-            result.extend(embedding.list_supported_models())
+            result.extend(embedding._list_supported_models())
         return result
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str,
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
-        threads: Optional[int] = None,
-        providers: Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)
-
         for EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE in self.EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY:
-            supported_models = EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE.list_supported_models()
-            if any(
-                model_name.lower() == model["model"].lower()
-                for model in supported_models
-            ):
+            supported_models = EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE._list_supported_models()
+            if any(model_name.lower() == model.model.lower() for model in supported_models):
                 self.model = EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE(
-                    model_name, cache_dir, threads, providers=providers, **kwargs
+                    model_name,
+                    cache_dir,
+                    threads=threads,
+                    providers=providers,
+                    cuda=cuda,
+                    device_ids=device_ids,
+                    lazy_load=lazy_load,
+                    **kwargs,
                 )
                 return
 
         raise ValueError(
-            f"Model {model_name} is not supported in SparseTextEmbedding."
-            "Please check the supported models using `SparseTextEmbedding.list_supported_models()`"
+            f"Model {model_name} is not supported in LateInteractionTextEmbedding."
+            "Please check the supported models using `LateInteractionTextEmbedding.list_supported_models()`"
         )
 
+    @property
+    def embedding_size(self) -> int:
+        """Get the embedding size of the current model"""
+        if self._embedding_size is None:
+            self._embedding_size = self.get_embedding_size(self.model_name)
+        return self._embedding_size
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_embedding_size(cls, model_name: str) -> int:
+        """Get the embedding size of the passed model
+
+        Args:
+            model_name (str): The name of the model to get embedding size for.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The size of the embedding.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If the model name is not found in the supported models.
+        """
+        descriptions = cls._list_supported_models()
+        embedding_size: int | None = None
+        for description in descriptions:
+            if description.model.lower() == model_name.lower():
+                embedding_size = description.dim
+                break
+        if embedding_size is None:
+            model_names = [description.model for description in descriptions]
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Embedding size for model {model_name} was None. "
+                f"Available model names: {model_names}"
+            )
+        return embedding_size
+
     def embed(
         self,
-        documents: Union[str, Iterable[str]],
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
         batch_size: int = 256,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         """
         Encode a list of documents into list of embeddings.
         We use mean pooling with attention so that the model can handle variable-length inputs.
@@ -92,9 +138,7 @@ class LateInteractionTextEmbedding(LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase):
         """
         yield from self.model.embed(documents, batch_size, parallel, **kwargs)
 
-    def query_embed(
-        self, query: Union[str, Iterable[str]], **kwargs
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+    def query_embed(self, query: str | Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         """
         Embeds queries
 
@@ -102,8 +146,35 @@ class LateInteractionTextEmbedding(LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase):
             query (Union[str, Iterable[str]]): The query to embed, or an iterable e.g. list of queries.
 
         Returns:
-            Iterable[np.ndarray]: The embeddings.
+            Iterable[NdArray]: The embeddings.
         """
 
         # This is model-specific, so that different models can have specialized implementations
         yield from self.model.query_embed(query, **kwargs)
+
+    def token_count(
+        self,
+        texts: str | Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 1024,
+        is_doc: bool = True,
+        include_extension: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> int:
+        """Returns the number of tokens in the texts.
+
+        Args:
+            texts (str | Iterable[str]): The list of texts to embed.
+            batch_size (int): Batch size for encoding
+            is_doc (bool): Whether the texts are documents (disable embedding a query with include_mask=True).
+            include_extension (bool): Turn on to count DOC / QUERY marker tokens, and [MASK] token in query mode.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Sum of number of tokens in the texts.
+        """
+        return self.model.token_count(
+            texts,
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            is_doc=is_doc,
+            include_extension=include_extension,
+            **kwargs,
+        )

fastembed/late_interaction/token_embeddings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+from dataclasses import asdict
+from typing import Iterable, Any, Type
+
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription, ModelSource
+from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
+from fastembed.late_interaction.late_interaction_embedding_base import (
+    LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase,
+)
+from fastembed.text.onnx_embedding import OnnxTextEmbedding
+from fastembed.text.onnx_text_model import TextEmbeddingWorker
+
+
+supported_token_embeddings_models = [
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-small-en-tokens",
+        dim=512,
+        description="Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 8192 input tokens truncation,"
+        " Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2023 year.",
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.12,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="xenova/jina-embeddings-v2-small-en"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+]
+
+
+class TokenEmbeddingsModel(OnnxTextEmbedding, LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase):
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
+        """Lists the supported models.
+
+        Returns:
+            list[DenseModelDescription]: A list of DenseModelDescription objects containing the model information.
+        """
+        return supported_token_embeddings_models
+
+    @classmethod
+    def list_supported_models(cls) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Lists the supported models.
+
+        Returns:
+            list[dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+        """
+        return [asdict(model) for model in cls._list_supported_models()]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[TextEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]]:
+        return TokensEmbeddingWorker
+
+    def _post_process_onnx_output(
+        self, output: OnnxOutputContext, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        # Size: (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)
+        embeddings = output.model_output
+        # Size: (batch_size, sequence_length)
+        assert output.attention_mask is not None
+        masks = output.attention_mask
+
+        # For each document we only select those embeddings that are not masked out
+        for i in range(embeddings.shape[0]):
+            yield embeddings[i, masks[i] == 1]
+
+    def embed(
+        self,
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 256,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        yield from super().embed(documents, batch_size=batch_size, parallel=parallel, **kwargs)
+
+
+class TokensEmbeddingWorker(TextEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]):
+    def init_embedding(
+        self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> TokenEmbeddingsModel:
+        return TokenEmbeddingsModel(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
+        )

fastembed/late_interaction_multimodal/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from fastembed.late_interaction_multimodal.late_interaction_multimodal_embedding import (
+    LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding,
+)
+
+__all__ = ["LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding"]

fastembed/late_interaction_multimodal/colmodernvbert.py

@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+import contextlib
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Type, Optional, Sequence
+import json
+
+import numpy as np
+from tokenizers import Encoding
+from PIL import Image
+
+from fastembed.common import ImageInput
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription, ModelSource
+from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray, OnnxProvider
+from fastembed.common.utils import define_cache_dir, iter_batch
+from fastembed.late_interaction_multimodal.late_interaction_multimodal_embedding_base import (
+    LateInteractionMultimodalEmbeddingBase,
+)
+from fastembed.late_interaction_multimodal.onnx_multimodal_model import (
+    OnnxMultimodalModel,
+    TextEmbeddingWorker,
+    ImageEmbeddingWorker,
+)
+
+supported_colmodernvbert_models: list[DenseModelDescription] = [
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="Qdrant/colmodernvbert",
+        dim=128,
+        description="The late-interaction version of ModernVBERT, CPU friendly, English, 2025.",
+        license="mit",
+        size_in_GB=1.0,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="Qdrant/colmodernvbert"),
+        additional_files=["processor_config.json"],
+        model_file="model.onnx",
+    ),
+]
+
+
+class ColModernVBERT(LateInteractionMultimodalEmbeddingBase, OnnxMultimodalModel[NumpyArray]):
+    """
+    The ModernVBERT/colmodernvbert model implementation. This model uses
+    bidirectional attention, which proves to work better for retrieval.
+
+    See: https://huggingface.co/ModernVBERT/colmodernvbert
+    """
+
+    VISUAL_PROMPT_PREFIX = (
+        "<|begin_of_text|>User:<image>Describe the image.<end_of_utterance>\nAssistant:"
+    )
+    QUERY_AUGMENTATION_TOKEN = "<end_of_utterance>"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+        threads: Optional[int] = None,
+        providers: Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]] = None,
+        cuda: bool = False,
+        device_ids: Optional[list[int]] = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        device_id: Optional[int] = None,
+        specific_model_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        """
+        Args:
+            model_name (str): The name of the model to use.
+            cache_dir (str, optional): The path to the cache directory.
+                                       Can be set using the `FASTEMBED_CACHE_PATH` env variable.
+                                       Defaults to `fastembed_cache` in the system's temp directory.
+            threads (int, optional): The number of threads single onnxruntime session can use. Defaults to None.
+            providers (Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]], optional): The list of onnxruntime providers to use.
+                Mutually exclusive with the `cuda` and `device_ids` arguments. Defaults to None.
+            cuda (bool, optional): Whether to use cuda for inference. Mutually exclusive with `providers`
+                Defaults to False.
+            device_ids (Optional[list[int]], optional): The list of device ids to use for data parallel processing in
+                workers. Should be used with `cuda=True`, mutually exclusive with `providers`. Defaults to None.
+            lazy_load (bool, optional): Whether to load the model during class initialization or on demand.
+                Should be set to True when using multiple-gpu and parallel encoding. Defaults to False.
+            device_id (Optional[int], optional): The device id to use for loading the model in the worker process.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If the model_name is not in the format <org>/<model> e.g. BAAI/bge-base-en.
+        """
+        super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)
+        self.providers = providers
+        self.lazy_load = lazy_load
+        self._extra_session_options = self._select_exposed_session_options(kwargs)
+
+        # List of device ids, that can be used for data parallel processing in workers
+        self.device_ids = device_ids
+        self.cuda = cuda
+
+        # This device_id will be used if we need to load model in current process
+        self.device_id: Optional[int] = None
+        if device_id is not None:
+            self.device_id = device_id
+        elif self.device_ids is not None:
+            self.device_id = self.device_ids[0]
+
+        self.model_description = self._get_model_description(model_name)
+        self.cache_dir = str(define_cache_dir(cache_dir))
+
+        self._specific_model_path = specific_model_path
+        self._model_dir = self.download_model(
+            self.model_description,
+            self.cache_dir,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+        )
+        self.mask_token_id = None
+        self.pad_token_id = None
+        self.image_seq_len: Optional[int] = None
+        self.max_image_size: Optional[int] = None
+        self.image_size: Optional[int] = None
+
+        if not self.lazy_load:
+            self.load_onnx_model()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
+        """Lists the supported models.
+
+        Returns:
+            list[DenseModelDescription]: A list of DenseModelDescription objects containing the model information.
+        """
+        return supported_colmodernvbert_models
+
+    def load_onnx_model(self) -> None:
+        self._load_onnx_model(
+            model_dir=self._model_dir,
+            model_file=self.model_description.model_file,
+            threads=self.threads,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_id=self.device_id,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
+        )
+
+        # Load image processing configuration
+        processor_config_path = self._model_dir / "processor_config.json"
+        with open(processor_config_path) as f:
+            processor_config = json.load(f)
+            self.image_seq_len = processor_config.get("image_seq_len", 64)
+
+        preprocessor_config_path = self._model_dir / "preprocessor_config.json"
+        with open(preprocessor_config_path) as f:
+            preprocessor_config = json.load(f)
+            self.max_image_size = preprocessor_config.get("max_image_size", {}).get(
+                "longest_edge", 512
+            )
+
+        # Load model configuration
+        config_path = self._model_dir / "config.json"
+        with open(config_path) as f:
+            model_config = json.load(f)
+            vision_config = model_config.get("vision_config", {})
+            self.image_size = vision_config.get("image_size", 512)
+
+    def _preprocess_onnx_text_input(
+        self, onnx_input: dict[str, NumpyArray], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Post-process the ONNX model output to convert it into a usable format.
+
+        Args:
+            output (OnnxOutputContext): The raw output from the ONNX model.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[NumpyArray]: Post-processed output as NumPy arrays.
+        """
+        batch_size, seq_length = onnx_input["input_ids"].shape
+        empty_image_placeholder: NumpyArray = np.zeros(
+            (batch_size, seq_length, 3, self.image_size, self.image_size),
+            dtype=np.float32,  # type: ignore[type-var,arg-type,assignment]
+        )
+        onnx_input["pixel_values"] = empty_image_placeholder
+        return onnx_input
+
+    def _post_process_onnx_text_output(
+        self,
+        output: OnnxOutputContext,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Post-process the ONNX model output to convert it into a usable format.
+
+        Args:
+            output (OnnxOutputContext): The raw output from the ONNX model.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[NumpyArray]: Post-processed output as NumPy arrays.
+        """
+        return output.model_output
+
+    def tokenize(self, documents: list[str], **kwargs: Any) -> list[Encoding]:
+        # Add query augmentation tokens (matching process_queries logic from colpali-engine)
+        augmented_queries = [doc + self.QUERY_AUGMENTATION_TOKEN * 10 for doc in documents]
+        encoded = self.tokenizer.encode_batch(augmented_queries)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        return encoded
+
+    def token_count(
+        self,
+        texts: str | Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 1024,
+        include_extension: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> int:
+        if not hasattr(self, "model") or self.model is None:
+            self.load_onnx_model()  # loads the tokenizer as well
+        token_num = 0
+        texts = [texts] if isinstance(texts, str) else texts
+        assert self.tokenizer is not None
+        tokenize_func = self.tokenize if include_extension else self.tokenizer.encode_batch
+        for batch in iter_batch(texts, batch_size):
+            token_num += sum([sum(encoding.attention_mask) for encoding in tokenize_func(batch)])
+        return token_num
+
+    def onnx_embed_image(self, images: list[ImageInput], **kwargs: Any) -> OnnxOutputContext:
+        with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
+            image_files = [
+                stack.enter_context(Image.open(image))
+                if not isinstance(image, Image.Image)
+                else image
+                for image in images
+            ]
+            assert self.processor is not None, "Processor is not initialized"
+            processed = self.processor(image_files)
+            encoded, attention_mask, metadata = self._process_nested_patches(processed)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+        onnx_input = {"pixel_values": encoded, "attention_mask": attention_mask}
+        onnx_input = self._preprocess_onnx_image_input(onnx_input, **kwargs)
+        model_output = self.model.run(None, onnx_input)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+        return OnnxOutputContext(
+            model_output=model_output[0],
+            attention_mask=attention_mask,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+            metadata=metadata,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _process_nested_patches(
+        processed: list[list[NumpyArray]],
+    ) -> tuple[NumpyArray, NumpyArray, dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Process nested image patches (from ImageSplitter).
+
+        Args:
+            processed: List of patch lists, one per image [[img1_patches], [img2_patches], ...]
+
+        Returns:
+            tuple: (encoded array, attention_mask, metadata)
+                - encoded: (batch_size, max_patches, C, H, W)
+                - attention_mask: (batch_size, max_patches) with 1 for real patches, 0 for padding
+                - metadata: Dict with 'patch_counts' key
+        """
+        patch_counts = [len(patches) for patches in processed]
+        max_patches = max(patch_counts)
+
+        # Get dimensions from first patch
+        channels, height, width = processed[0][0].shape
+        batch_size = len(processed)
+
+        # Create padded array
+        encoded = np.zeros(
+            (batch_size, max_patches, channels, height, width), dtype=processed[0][0].dtype
+        )
+
+        # Create attention mask (1 for real patches, 0 for padding)
+        attention_mask = np.zeros((batch_size, max_patches), dtype=np.int64)
+
+        # Fill in patches and attention mask
+        for i, patches in enumerate(processed):
+            for j, patch in enumerate(patches):
+                encoded[i, j] = patch
+                attention_mask[i, j] = 1
+
+        metadata = {"patch_counts": patch_counts}
+        return encoded, attention_mask, metadata  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    def _preprocess_onnx_image_input(
+        self, onnx_input: dict[str, np.ndarray], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Add text input placeholders for image data, following Idefics3 processing logic.
+
+        Constructs input_ids dynamically based on the actual number of image patches,
+        using the same token expansion logic as Idefics3Processor.
+
+        Args:
+            onnx_input: Dict with 'pixel_values' (batch, num_patches, C, H, W)
+                        and 'attention_mask' (batch, num_patches) indicating real patches
+            **kwargs: Additional arguments
+
+        Returns:
+            Updated onnx_input with 'input_ids' and updated 'attention_mask' for token sequence
+        """
+        # The attention_mask in onnx_input has a shape of (batch_size, num_patches),
+        # and should be used to create an attention mask matching the input_ids shape.
+        patch_attention_mask = onnx_input["attention_mask"]
+        pixel_values = onnx_input["pixel_values"]
+
+        batch_size = pixel_values.shape[0]
+        batch_input_ids = []
+
+        # Build input_ids for each image based on its actual patch count
+        for i in range(batch_size):
+            # Count real patches (non-padded) from attention mask
+            patch_count = int(np.sum(patch_attention_mask[i]))
+
+            # Compute rows/cols from patch count
+            rows, cols = self._compute_rows_cols_from_patches(patch_count)
+
+            # Build input_ids for this image
+            input_ids = self._build_input_ids_for_image(rows, cols)
+            batch_input_ids.append(input_ids)
+
+        # Pad sequences to max length in batch
+        max_len = max(len(ids) for ids in batch_input_ids)
+
+        # Get padding config from tokenizer
+        padding_direction = self.tokenizer.padding["direction"]  # type: ignore[index,union-attr]
+        pad_token_id = self.tokenizer.padding["pad_id"]  # type: ignore[index,union-attr]
+
+        # Initialize with pad token
+        padded_input_ids = np.full((batch_size, max_len), pad_token_id, dtype=np.int64)
+        attention_mask = np.zeros((batch_size, max_len), dtype=np.int64)
+
+        for i, input_ids in enumerate(batch_input_ids):
+            seq_len = len(input_ids)
+            if padding_direction == "left":
+                # Left padding: place tokens at the END of the array
+                start_idx = max_len - seq_len
+                padded_input_ids[i, start_idx:] = input_ids
+                attention_mask[i, start_idx:] = 1
+            else:
+                # Right padding: place tokens at the START of the array
+                padded_input_ids[i, :seq_len] = input_ids
+                attention_mask[i, :seq_len] = 1
+
+        onnx_input["input_ids"] = padded_input_ids
+        # Update attention_mask with token-level data
+        onnx_input["attention_mask"] = attention_mask
+        return onnx_input
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _compute_rows_cols_from_patches(patch_count: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
+        if patch_count <= 1:
+            return 0, 0
+
+        # Subtract 1 for the global image
+        grid_patches = patch_count - 1
+
+        # Find rows and cols (assume square or near-square grid)
+        rows = int(grid_patches**0.5)
+        cols = grid_patches // rows
+
+        # Verify the calculation
+        if rows * cols + 1 != patch_count:
+            # Handle non-square grids
+            for r in range(1, grid_patches + 1):
+                if grid_patches % r == 0:
+                    c = grid_patches // r
+                    if r * c + 1 == patch_count:
+                        return r, c
+            # Fallback: treat as unsplit
+            return 0, 0
+
+        return rows, cols
+
+    def _create_single_image_prompt_string(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            "<fake_token_around_image>"
+            + "<global-img>"
+            + "<image>" * self.image_seq_len  # type: ignore[operator]
+            + "<fake_token_around_image>"
+        )
+
+    def _create_split_image_prompt_string(self, rows: int, cols: int) -> str:
+        text_split_images = ""
+
+        # Add tokens for each patch in the grid
+        for n_h in range(rows):
+            for n_w in range(cols):
+                text_split_images += (
+                    "<fake_token_around_image>"
+                    + f"<row_{n_h + 1}_col_{n_w + 1}>"
+                    + "<image>" * self.image_seq_len  # type: ignore[operator]
+                )
+            text_split_images += "\n"
+
+        # Add global image at the end
+        text_split_images += (
+            "\n<fake_token_around_image>"
+            + "<global-img>"
+            + "<image>" * self.image_seq_len  # type: ignore[operator]
+            + "<fake_token_around_image>"
+        )
+
+        return text_split_images
+
+    def _build_input_ids_for_image(self, rows: int, cols: int) -> np.ndarray:
+        # Create the appropriate image prompt string
+        if rows == 0 and cols == 0:
+            image_prompt_tokens = self._create_single_image_prompt_string()
+        else:
+            image_prompt_tokens = self._create_split_image_prompt_string(rows, cols)
+
+        # Replace <image> in visual prompt with expanded tokens
+        # The visual prompt is: "<|begin_of_text|>User:<image>Describe the image.<end_of_utterance>\nAssistant:"
+        expanded_prompt = self.VISUAL_PROMPT_PREFIX.replace("<image>", image_prompt_tokens)
+
+        # Tokenize the complete prompt
+        encoded = self.tokenizer.encode(expanded_prompt)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+        # Convert to numpy array
+        return np.array(encoded.ids, dtype=np.int64)
+
+    def _post_process_onnx_image_output(
+        self,
+        output: OnnxOutputContext,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Post-process the ONNX model output to convert it into a usable format.
+
+        Args:
+            output (OnnxOutputContext): The raw output from the ONNX model.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[NumpyArray]: Post-processed output as NumPy arrays.
+        """
+        assert self.model_description.dim is not None, "Model dim is not defined"
+        return output.model_output.reshape(
+            output.model_output.shape[0], -1, self.model_description.dim
+        )
+
+    def embed_text(
+        self,
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 256,
+        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Encode a list of documents into list of embeddings.
+
+        Args:
+            documents: Iterator of documents or single document to embed
+            batch_size: Batch size for encoding -- higher values will use more memory, but be faster
+            parallel:
+                If > 1, data-parallel encoding will be used, recommended for offline encoding of large datasets.
+                If 0, use all available cores.
+                If None, don't use data-parallel processing, use default onnxruntime threading instead.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of embeddings, one per document
+        """
+        yield from self._embed_documents(
+            model_name=self.model_name,
+            cache_dir=str(self.cache_dir),
+            documents=documents,
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            parallel=parallel,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_ids=self.device_ids,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def embed_image(
+        self,
+        images: ImageInput | Iterable[ImageInput],
+        batch_size: int = 16,
+        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Encode a list of images into list of embeddings.
+
+        Args:
+            images: Iterator of image paths or single image path to embed
+            batch_size: Batch size for encoding -- higher values will use more memory, but be faster
+            parallel:
+                If > 1, data-parallel encoding will be used, recommended for offline encoding of large datasets.
+                If 0, use all available cores.
+                If None, don't use data-parallel processing, use default onnxruntime threading instead.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of embeddings, one per document
+        """
+        yield from self._embed_images(
+            model_name=self.model_name,
+            cache_dir=str(self.cache_dir),
+            images=images,
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            parallel=parallel,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_ids=self.device_ids,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_text_worker_class(cls) -> Type[TextEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]]:
+        return ColModernVBERTTextEmbeddingWorker
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_image_worker_class(cls) -> Type[ImageEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]]:
+        return ColModernVBERTImageEmbeddingWorker
+
+
+class ColModernVBERTTextEmbeddingWorker(TextEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]):
+    def init_embedding(self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs: Any) -> ColModernVBERT:
+        return ColModernVBERT(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+
+class ColModernVBERTImageEmbeddingWorker(ImageEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]):
+    def init_embedding(self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs: Any) -> ColModernVBERT:
+        return ColModernVBERT(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
+        )

fastembed/late_interaction_multimodal/colpali.py

@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
+
+import numpy as np
+from tokenizers import Encoding
+
+from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider, ImageInput
+from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray, Device
+from fastembed.common.utils import define_cache_dir, iter_batch
+from fastembed.late_interaction_multimodal.late_interaction_multimodal_embedding_base import (
+    LateInteractionMultimodalEmbeddingBase,
+)
+from fastembed.late_interaction_multimodal.onnx_multimodal_model import (
+    OnnxMultimodalModel,
+    TextEmbeddingWorker,
+    ImageEmbeddingWorker,
+)
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription, ModelSource
+
+supported_colpali_models: list[DenseModelDescription] = [
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="Qdrant/colpali-v1.3-fp16",
+        dim=128,
+        description="Text embeddings, Multimodal (text&image), English, 50 tokens query length truncation, 2024.",
+        license="mit",
+        size_in_GB=6.5,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="Qdrant/colpali-v1.3-fp16"),
+        additional_files=["model.onnx_data"],
+        model_file="model.onnx",
+    ),
+]
+
+
+class ColPali(LateInteractionMultimodalEmbeddingBase, OnnxMultimodalModel[NumpyArray]):
+    QUERY_PREFIX = "Query: "
+    BOS_TOKEN = "<s>"
+    PAD_TOKEN = "<pad>"
+    QUERY_MARKER_TOKEN_ID = [2, 5098]
+    IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER_SIZE = (3, 448, 448)
+    EMPTY_TEXT_PLACEHOLDER = np.array(
+        [257152] * 1024 + [2, 50721, 573, 2416, 235265, 108]
+    )  # This is a tokenization of '<image>' * 1024 + '<bos>Describe the image.\n' line which is used as placeholder
+    # while processing an image
+    EVEN_ATTENTION_MASK = np.array([1] * 1030)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        device_id: int | None = None,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        """
+        Args:
+            model_name (str): The name of the model to use.
+            cache_dir (str, optional): The path to the cache directory.
+                                       Can be set using the `FASTEMBED_CACHE_PATH` env variable.
+                                       Defaults to `fastembed_cache` in the system's temp directory.
+            threads (int, optional): The number of threads single onnxruntime session can use. Defaults to None.
+            providers (Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]], optional): The list of onnxruntime providers to use.
+                Mutually exclusive with the `cuda` and `device_ids` arguments. Defaults to None.
+            cuda (Union[bool, Device], optional): Whether to use cuda for inference. Mutually exclusive with `providers`
+                Defaults to Device.AUTO.
+            device_ids (Optional[list[int]], optional): The list of device ids to use for data parallel processing in
+                workers. Should be used with `cuda` equals to `True`, `Device.AUTO` or `Device.CUDA`, mutually exclusive
+                with `providers`. Defaults to None.
+            lazy_load (bool, optional): Whether to load the model during class initialization or on demand.
+                Should be set to True when using multiple-gpu and parallel encoding. Defaults to False.
+            device_id (Optional[int], optional): The device id to use for loading the model in the worker process.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If the model_name is not in the format <org>/<model> e.g. BAAI/bge-base-en.
+        """
+
+        super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)
+        self.providers = providers
+        self.lazy_load = lazy_load
+        self._extra_session_options = self._select_exposed_session_options(kwargs)
+
+        # List of device ids, that can be used for data parallel processing in workers
+        self.device_ids = device_ids
+        self.cuda = cuda
+
+        # This device_id will be used if we need to load model in current process
+        self.device_id: int | None = None
+        if device_id is not None:
+            self.device_id = device_id
+        elif self.device_ids is not None:
+            self.device_id = self.device_ids[0]
+
+        self.model_description = self._get_model_description(model_name)
+        self.cache_dir = str(define_cache_dir(cache_dir))
+
+        self._specific_model_path = specific_model_path
+        self._model_dir = self.download_model(
+            self.model_description,
+            self.cache_dir,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+        )
+        self.mask_token_id = None
+        self.pad_token_id = None
+
+        if not self.lazy_load:
+            self.load_onnx_model()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
+        """Lists the supported models.
+
+        Returns:
+            list[DenseModelDescription]: A list of DenseModelDescription objects containing the model information.
+        """
+        return supported_colpali_models
+
+    def load_onnx_model(self) -> None:
+        self._load_onnx_model(
+            model_dir=self._model_dir,
+            model_file=self.model_description.model_file,
+            threads=self.threads,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_id=self.device_id,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
+        )
+
+    def _post_process_onnx_image_output(
+        self,
+        output: OnnxOutputContext,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Post-process the ONNX model output to convert it into a usable format.
+
+        Args:
+            output (OnnxOutputContext): The raw output from the ONNX model.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[NumpyArray]: Post-processed output as NumPy arrays.
+        """
+        assert self.model_description.dim is not None, "Model dim is not defined"
+        return output.model_output.reshape(
+            output.model_output.shape[0], -1, self.model_description.dim
+        )
+
+    def _post_process_onnx_text_output(
+        self,
+        output: OnnxOutputContext,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Post-process the ONNX model output to convert it into a usable format.
+
+        Args:
+            output (OnnxOutputContext): The raw output from the ONNX model.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[NumpyArray]: Post-processed output as NumPy arrays.
+        """
+        return output.model_output
+
+    def tokenize(self, documents: list[str], **kwargs: Any) -> list[Encoding]:
+        texts_query: list[str] = []
+        for query in documents:
+            query = self.BOS_TOKEN + self.QUERY_PREFIX + query + self.PAD_TOKEN * 10
+            query += "\n"
+
+            texts_query.append(query)
+        encoded = self.tokenizer.encode_batch(texts_query)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        return encoded
+
+    def token_count(
+        self,
+        texts: str | Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 1024,
+        include_extension: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> int:
+        if not hasattr(self, "model") or self.model is None:
+            self.load_onnx_model()  # loads the tokenizer as well
+        token_num = 0
+        texts = [texts] if isinstance(texts, str) else texts
+        assert self.tokenizer is not None
+        tokenize_func = self.tokenize if include_extension else self.tokenizer.encode_batch
+        for batch in iter_batch(texts, batch_size):
+            token_num += sum([sum(encoding.attention_mask) for encoding in tokenize_func(batch)])
+        return token_num
+
+    def _preprocess_onnx_text_input(
+        self, onnx_input: dict[str, NumpyArray], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
+        onnx_input["input_ids"] = np.array(
+            [
+                self.QUERY_MARKER_TOKEN_ID + input_ids[2:].tolist()  # type: ignore[index]
+                for input_ids in onnx_input["input_ids"]
+            ]
+        )
+        empty_image_placeholder: NumpyArray = np.zeros(
+            self.IMAGE_PLACEHOLDER_SIZE, dtype=np.float32
+        )
+        onnx_input["pixel_values"] = np.array(
+            [empty_image_placeholder for _ in onnx_input["input_ids"]],
+        )
+        return onnx_input
+
+    def _preprocess_onnx_image_input(
+        self, onnx_input: dict[str, np.ndarray], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Add placeholders for text input when processing image data for ONNX.
+        Args:
+            onnx_input (Dict[str, NumpyArray]): Preprocessed image inputs.
+            **kwargs: Additional arguments.
+        Returns:
+            Dict[str, NumpyArray]: ONNX input with text placeholders.
+        """
+        onnx_input["input_ids"] = np.array(
+            [self.EMPTY_TEXT_PLACEHOLDER for _ in onnx_input["pixel_values"]]
+        )
+        onnx_input["attention_mask"] = np.array(
+            [self.EVEN_ATTENTION_MASK for _ in onnx_input["pixel_values"]]
+        )
+        return onnx_input
+
+    def embed_text(
+        self,
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 256,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Encode a list of documents into list of embeddings.
+
+        Args:
+            documents: Iterator of documents or single document to embed
+            batch_size: Batch size for encoding -- higher values will use more memory, but be faster
+            parallel:
+                If > 1, data-parallel encoding will be used, recommended for offline encoding of large datasets.
+                If 0, use all available cores.
+                If None, don't use data-parallel processing, use default onnxruntime threading instead.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of embeddings, one per document
+        """
+        yield from self._embed_documents(
+            model_name=self.model_name,
+            cache_dir=str(self.cache_dir),
+            documents=documents,
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            parallel=parallel,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_ids=self.device_ids,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def embed_image(
+        self,
+        images: ImageInput | Iterable[ImageInput],
+        batch_size: int = 16,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Encode a list of images into list of embeddings.
+
+        Args:
+            images: Iterator of image paths or single image path to embed
+            batch_size: Batch size for encoding -- higher values will use more memory, but be faster
+            parallel:
+                If > 1, data-parallel encoding will be used, recommended for offline encoding of large datasets.
+                If 0, use all available cores.
+                If None, don't use data-parallel processing, use default onnxruntime threading instead.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of embeddings, one per document
+        """
+        yield from self._embed_images(
+            model_name=self.model_name,
+            cache_dir=str(self.cache_dir),
+            images=images,
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            parallel=parallel,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_ids=self.device_ids,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_text_worker_class(cls) -> Type[TextEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]]:
+        return ColPaliTextEmbeddingWorker
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_image_worker_class(cls) -> Type[ImageEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]]:
+        return ColPaliImageEmbeddingWorker
+
+
+class ColPaliTextEmbeddingWorker(TextEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]):
+    def init_embedding(self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs: Any) -> ColPali:
+        return ColPali(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+
+class ColPaliImageEmbeddingWorker(ImageEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]):
+    def init_embedding(self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs: Any) -> ColPali:
+        return ColPali(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
+        )

fastembed/late_interaction_multimodal/late_interaction_multimodal_embedding.py

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
+from dataclasses import asdict
+
+from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider, ImageInput
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray, Device
+from fastembed.late_interaction_multimodal.colpali import ColPali
+from fastembed.late_interaction_multimodal.colmodernvbert import ColModernVBERT
+
+from fastembed.late_interaction_multimodal.late_interaction_multimodal_embedding_base import (
+    LateInteractionMultimodalEmbeddingBase,
+)
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription
+
+
+class LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding(LateInteractionMultimodalEmbeddingBase):
+    EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY: list[Type[LateInteractionMultimodalEmbeddingBase]] = [
+        ColPali,
+        ColModernVBERT,
+    ]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def list_supported_models(cls) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """
+        Lists the supported models.
+
+        Returns:
+            list[dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+
+            Example:
+                ```
+                [
+                    {
+                         "model": "Qdrant/colpali-v1.3-fp16",
+                         "dim": 128,
+                         "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), Aligned to image latent space, ColBERT-compatible, 512 tokens max, 2024.",
+                         "license": "mit",
+                         "size_in_GB": 6.06,
+                         "sources": {
+                            "hf": "Qdrant/colpali-v1.3-fp16",
+                         },
+                         "additional_files": [
+                            "model.onnx_data",
+                         ],
+                        "model_file": "model.onnx",
+                    },
+                ]
+                ```
+        """
+        return [asdict(model) for model in cls._list_supported_models()]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
+        result: list[DenseModelDescription] = []
+        for embedding in cls.EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY:
+            result.extend(embedding._list_supported_models())
+        return result
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)
+        for EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE in self.EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY:
+            supported_models = EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE._list_supported_models()
+            if any(model_name.lower() == model.model.lower() for model in supported_models):
+                self.model = EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE(
+                    model_name,
+                    cache_dir,
+                    threads=threads,
+                    providers=providers,
+                    cuda=cuda,
+                    device_ids=device_ids,
+                    lazy_load=lazy_load,
+                    **kwargs,
+                )
+                return
+
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Model {model_name} is not supported in LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding."
+            "Please check the supported models using `LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding.list_supported_models()`"
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def embedding_size(self) -> int:
+        """Get the embedding size of the current model"""
+        if self._embedding_size is None:
+            self._embedding_size = self.get_embedding_size(self.model_name)
+        return self._embedding_size
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_embedding_size(cls, model_name: str) -> int:
+        """Get the embedding size of the passed model
+
+        Args:
+            model_name (str): The name of the model to get embedding size for.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The size of the embedding.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If the model name is not found in the supported models.
+        """
+        descriptions = cls._list_supported_models()
+        embedding_size: int | None = None
+        for description in descriptions:
+            if description.model.lower() == model_name.lower():
+                embedding_size = description.dim
+                break
+        if embedding_size is None:
+            model_names = [description.model for description in descriptions]
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Embedding size for model {model_name} was None. "
+                f"Available model names: {model_names}"
+            )
+        return embedding_size
+
+    def embed_text(
+        self,
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 256,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Encode a list of documents into list of embeddings.
+
+        Args:
+            documents: Iterator of documents or single document to embed
+            batch_size: Batch size for encoding -- higher values will use more memory, but be faster
+            parallel:
+                If > 1, data-parallel encoding will be used, recommended for offline encoding of large datasets.
+                If 0, use all available cores.
+                If None, don't use data-parallel processing, use default onnxruntime threading instead.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of embeddings, one per document
+        """
+        yield from self.model.embed_text(documents, batch_size, parallel, **kwargs)
+
+    def embed_image(
+        self,
+        images: ImageInput | Iterable[ImageInput],
+        batch_size: int = 16,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Encode a list of images into list of embeddings.
+
+        Args:
+            images: Iterator of image paths or single image path to embed
+            batch_size: Batch size for encoding -- higher values will use more memory, but be faster
+            parallel:
+                If > 1, data-parallel encoding will be used, recommended for offline encoding of large datasets.
+                If 0, use all available cores.
+                If None, don't use data-parallel processing, use default onnxruntime threading instead.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of embeddings, one per image
+        """
+        yield from self.model.embed_image(images, batch_size, parallel, **kwargs)
+
+    def token_count(
+        self,
+        texts: str | Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 1024,
+        include_extension: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> int:
+        """Returns the number of tokens in the texts.
+
+        Args:
+            texts (str | Iterable[str]): The list of texts to embed.
+            batch_size (int): Batch size for encoding
+            include_extension (bool): Whether to include tokens added by preprocessing
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Sum of number of tokens in the texts.
+        """
+        return self.model.token_count(
+            texts, batch_size=batch_size, include_extension=include_extension, **kwargs
+        )

fastembed/late_interaction_multimodal/late_interaction_multimodal_embedding_base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+from typing import Iterable, Any
+
+
+from fastembed.common import ImageInput
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription
+from fastembed.common.model_management import ModelManagement
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
+
+
+class LateInteractionMultimodalEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement[DenseModelDescription]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        self.model_name = model_name
+        self.cache_dir = cache_dir
+        self.threads = threads
+        self._local_files_only = kwargs.pop("local_files_only", False)
+        self._embedding_size: int | None = None
+
+    def embed_text(
+        self,
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 256,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Embeds a list of documents into a list of embeddings.
+
+        Args:
+            documents (Iterable[str]): The list of texts to embed.
+            batch_size: Batch size for encoding -- higher values will use more memory, but be faster
+            parallel:
+                If > 1, data-parallel encoding will be used, recommended for offline encoding of large datasets.
+                If 0, use all available cores.
+                If None, don't use data-parallel processing, use default onnxruntime threading instead.
+            **kwargs: Additional keyword argument to pass to the embed method.
+
+        Yields:
+            Iterable[NumpyArray]: The embeddings.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def embed_image(
+        self,
+        images: ImageInput | Iterable[ImageInput],
+        batch_size: int = 16,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Encode a list of images into list of embeddings.
+        Args:
+            images: Iterator of image paths or single image path to embed
+            batch_size: Batch size for encoding -- higher values will use more memory, but be faster
+            parallel:
+                If > 1, data-parallel encoding will be used, recommended for offline encoding of large datasets.
+                If 0, use all available cores.
+                If None, don't use data-parallel processing, use default onnxruntime threading instead.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of embeddings, one per image
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_embedding_size(cls, model_name: str) -> int:
+        """Returns embedding size of the chosen model."""
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    @property
+    def embedding_size(self) -> int:
+        """Returns embedding size for the current model"""
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    def token_count(
+        self,
+        texts: str | Iterable[str],
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> int:
+        """Returns the number of tokens in the texts."""
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")

fastembed/late_interaction_multimodal/onnx_multimodal_model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+import contextlib
+import os
+from multiprocessing import get_all_start_methods
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
+
+import numpy as np
+from PIL import Image
+from tokenizers import Encoding, Tokenizer
+
+from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider, ImageInput
+from fastembed.common.onnx_model import EmbeddingWorker, OnnxModel, OnnxOutputContext, T
+from fastembed.common.preprocessor_utils import load_tokenizer, load_preprocessor
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray, Device
+from fastembed.common.utils import iter_batch
+from fastembed.image.transform.operators import Compose
+from fastembed.parallel_processor import ParallelWorkerPool
+
+
+class OnnxMultimodalModel(OnnxModel[T]):
+    ONNX_OUTPUT_NAMES: list[str] | None = None
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.tokenizer: Tokenizer | None = None
+        self.processor: Compose | None = None
+        self.special_token_to_id: dict[str, int] = {}
+
+    def _preprocess_onnx_text_input(
+        self, onnx_input: dict[str, NumpyArray], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Preprocess the onnx input.
+        """
+        return onnx_input
+
+    def _preprocess_onnx_image_input(
+        self, onnx_input: dict[str, NumpyArray], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Preprocess the onnx input.
+        """
+        return onnx_input
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_text_worker_class(cls) -> Type["TextEmbeddingWorker[T]"]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_image_worker_class(cls) -> Type["ImageEmbeddingWorker[T]"]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    def _post_process_onnx_image_output(self, output: OnnxOutputContext) -> Iterable[T]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    def _post_process_onnx_text_output(self, output: OnnxOutputContext) -> Iterable[T]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    def _load_onnx_model(
+        self,
+        model_dir: Path,
+        model_file: str,
+        threads: int | None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_id: int | None = None,
+        extra_session_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super()._load_onnx_model(
+            model_dir=model_dir,
+            model_file=model_file,
+            threads=threads,
+            providers=providers,
+            cuda=cuda,
+            device_id=device_id,
+            extra_session_options=extra_session_options,
+        )
+        self.tokenizer, self.special_token_to_id = load_tokenizer(model_dir=model_dir)
+        assert self.tokenizer is not None
+        self.processor = load_preprocessor(model_dir=model_dir)
+
+    def load_onnx_model(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    def tokenize(self, documents: list[str], **kwargs: Any) -> list[Encoding]:
+        return self.tokenizer.encode_batch(documents)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+    def onnx_embed_text(
+        self,
+        documents: list[str],
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> OnnxOutputContext:
+        encoded = self.tokenize(documents, **kwargs)
+        input_ids = np.array([e.ids for e in encoded])
+        attention_mask = np.array([e.attention_mask for e in encoded])  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        input_names = {node.name for node in self.model.get_inputs()}  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        onnx_input: dict[str, NumpyArray] = {
+            "input_ids": np.array(input_ids, dtype=np.int64),
+        }
+        if "attention_mask" in input_names:
+            onnx_input["attention_mask"] = np.array(attention_mask, dtype=np.int64)
+        if "token_type_ids" in input_names:
+            onnx_input["token_type_ids"] = np.array(
+                [np.zeros(len(e), dtype=np.int64) for e in input_ids], dtype=np.int64
+            )
+
+        onnx_input = self._preprocess_onnx_text_input(onnx_input, **kwargs)
+        model_output = self.model.run(self.ONNX_OUTPUT_NAMES, onnx_input)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        return OnnxOutputContext(
+            model_output=model_output[0],
+            attention_mask=onnx_input.get("attention_mask", attention_mask),
+            input_ids=onnx_input.get("input_ids", input_ids),
+        )
+
+    def _embed_documents(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 256,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        local_files_only: bool = False,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        extra_session_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[T]:
+        is_small = False
+
+        if isinstance(documents, str):
+            documents = [documents]
+            is_small = True
+
+        if isinstance(documents, list):
+            if len(documents) < batch_size:
+                is_small = True
+
+        if parallel is None or is_small:
+            if not hasattr(self, "model") or self.model is None:
+                self.load_onnx_model()
+            for batch in iter_batch(documents, batch_size):
+                yield from self._post_process_onnx_text_output(self.onnx_embed_text(batch))
+        else:
+            if parallel == 0:
+                parallel = os.cpu_count()
+
+            start_method = "forkserver" if "forkserver" in get_all_start_methods() else "spawn"
+            params = {
+                "model_name": model_name,
+                "cache_dir": cache_dir,
+                "providers": providers,
+                "local_files_only": local_files_only,
+                "specific_model_path": specific_model_path,
+                **kwargs,
+            }
+
+            if extra_session_options is not None:
+                params.update(extra_session_options)
+
+            pool = ParallelWorkerPool(
+                num_workers=parallel or 1,
+                worker=self._get_text_worker_class(),
+                cuda=cuda,
+                device_ids=device_ids,
+                start_method=start_method,
+            )
+            for batch in pool.ordered_map(iter_batch(documents, batch_size), **params):
+                yield from self._post_process_onnx_text_output(batch)  # type: ignore
+
+    def onnx_embed_image(self, images: list[ImageInput], **kwargs: Any) -> OnnxOutputContext:
+        with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:
+            image_files = [
+                stack.enter_context(Image.open(image))
+                if not isinstance(image, Image.Image)
+                else image
+                for image in images
+            ]
+            assert self.processor is not None, "Processor is not initialized"
+            encoded = np.array(self.processor(image_files))
+        onnx_input = {"pixel_values": encoded}
+        onnx_input = self._preprocess_onnx_image_input(onnx_input, **kwargs)
+        model_output = self.model.run(None, onnx_input)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        embeddings = model_output[0].reshape(len(images), -1)
+        return OnnxOutputContext(model_output=embeddings)
+
+    def _embed_images(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        images: Iterable[ImageInput] | ImageInput,
+        batch_size: int = 256,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        local_files_only: bool = False,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        extra_session_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[T]:
+        is_small = False
+
+        if isinstance(images, (str, Path, Image.Image)):
+            images = [images]
+            is_small = True
+
+        if isinstance(images, list) and len(images) < batch_size:
+            is_small = True
+
+        if parallel is None or is_small:
+            if not hasattr(self, "model") or self.model is None:
+                self.load_onnx_model()
+
+            for batch in iter_batch(images, batch_size):
+                yield from self._post_process_onnx_image_output(self.onnx_embed_image(batch))
+        else:
+            if parallel == 0:
+                parallel = os.cpu_count()
+
+            start_method = "forkserver" if "forkserver" in get_all_start_methods() else "spawn"
+            params = {
+                "model_name": model_name,
+                "cache_dir": cache_dir,
+                "providers": providers,
+                "local_files_only": local_files_only,
+                "specific_model_path": specific_model_path,
+                **kwargs,
+            }
+
+            if extra_session_options is not None:
+                params.update(extra_session_options)
+
+            pool = ParallelWorkerPool(
+                num_workers=parallel or 1,
+                worker=self._get_image_worker_class(),
+                cuda=cuda,
+                device_ids=device_ids,
+                start_method=start_method,
+            )
+            for batch in pool.ordered_map(iter_batch(images, batch_size), **params):
+                yield from self._post_process_onnx_image_output(batch)  # type: ignore
+
+
+class TextEmbeddingWorker(EmbeddingWorker[T]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        self.model: OnnxMultimodalModel
+        super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, **kwargs)
+
+    def init_embedding(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> OnnxMultimodalModel:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def process(self, items: Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]) -> Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]:
+        for idx, batch in items:
+            onnx_output = self.model.onnx_embed_text(batch)
+            yield idx, onnx_output
+
+
+class ImageEmbeddingWorker(EmbeddingWorker[T]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        self.model: OnnxMultimodalModel
+        super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, **kwargs)
+
+    def init_embedding(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> OnnxMultimodalModel:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def process(self, items: Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]) -> Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]:
+        for idx, batch in items:
+            embeddings = self.model.onnx_embed_image(batch)
+            yield idx, embeddings

fastembed/parallel_processor.py

@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 import logging
 import os
 from collections import defaultdict
+from copy import deepcopy
 from enum import Enum
 from multiprocessing import Queue, get_context
 from multiprocessing.context import BaseContext
 from multiprocessing.process import BaseProcess
 from multiprocessing.sharedctypes import Synchronized as BaseValue
 from queue import Empty
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple, Type
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Type
+
+from fastembed.common.types import Device
 
 # Single item should be processed in less than:
 processing_timeout = 10 * 60  # seconds
@@ -23,10 +26,10 @@ class QueueSignals(str, Enum):
 
 class Worker:
     @classmethod
-    def start(cls, **kwargs: Any) -> "Worker":
+    def start(cls, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> "Worker":
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    def process(self, items: Iterable[Tuple[int, Any]]) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, Any]]:
+    def process(self, items: Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]) -> Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
 
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ def _worker(
     output_queue: Queue,
     num_active_workers: BaseValue,
     worker_id: int,
-    kwargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     """
     A worker that pulls data pints off the input queue, and places the execution result on the output queue.
@@ -47,7 +50,9 @@ def _worker(
     if kwargs is None:
         kwargs = {}
 
-    logging.info(f"Reader worker: {worker_id} PID: {os.getpid()}")
+    logging.info(
+        f"Reader worker: {worker_id} PID: {os.getpid()} Device: {kwargs.get('device_id', 'CPU')}"
+    )
     try:
         worker = worker_class.start(**kwargs)
 
@@ -73,7 +78,9 @@ def _worker(
         # See:
         # https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/multiprocessing.html?highlight=process#pipes-and-queues
         # https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/multiprocessing.html?highlight=process#programming-guidelines
+        input_queue.close()
         output_queue.close()
+        input_queue.join_thread()
         output_queue.join_thread()
 
         with num_active_workers.get_lock():
@@ -84,17 +91,24 @@ def _worker(
 
 class ParallelWorkerPool:
     def __init__(
-        self, num_workers: int, worker: Type[Worker], start_method: Optional[str] = None
+        self,
+        num_workers: int,
+        worker: Type[Worker],
+        start_method: str | None = None,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
     ):
         self.worker_class = worker
         self.num_workers = num_workers
-        self.input_queue: Optional[Queue] = None
-        self.output_queue: Optional[Queue] = None
+        self.input_queue: Queue | None = None
+        self.output_queue: Queue | None = None
         self.ctx: BaseContext = get_context(start_method)
-        self.processes: List[BaseProcess] = []
+        self.processes: list[BaseProcess] = []
         self.queue_size = self.num_workers * max_internal_batch_size
-
-        self.num_active_workers: Optional[BaseValue] = None
+        self.emergency_shutdown = False
+        self.device_ids = device_ids
+        self.cuda = cuda
+        self.num_active_workers: BaseValue | None = None
 
     def start(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         self.input_queue = self.ctx.Queue(self.queue_size)
@@ -105,6 +119,12 @@ class ParallelWorkerPool:
         self.num_active_workers = ctx_value
 
         for worker_id in range(0, self.num_workers):
+            worker_kwargs = deepcopy(kwargs)
+            if self.device_ids:
+                device_id = self.device_ids[worker_id % len(self.device_ids)]
+                worker_kwargs["device_id"] = device_id
+                worker_kwargs["cuda"] = self.cuda
+
             assert hasattr(self.ctx, "Process")
             process = self.ctx.Process(
                 target=_worker,
@@ -114,16 +134,14 @@ class ParallelWorkerPool:
                     self.output_queue,
                     self.num_active_workers,
                     worker_id,
-                    kwargs.copy(),
+                    worker_kwargs,
                 ),
             )
             process.start()
             self.processes.append(process)
 
-    def ordered_map(
-        self, stream: Iterable[Any], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
-    ) -> Iterable[Any]:
-        buffer = defaultdict(Any)
+    def ordered_map(self, stream: Iterable[Any], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[Any]:
+        buffer: defaultdict[int, Any] = defaultdict(Any)  # type: ignore
         next_expected = 0
 
         for idx, item in self.semi_ordered_map(stream, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -134,7 +152,7 @@ class ParallelWorkerPool:
 
     def semi_ordered_map(
         self, stream: Iterable[Any], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
-    ) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, Any]]:
+    ) -> Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]:
         try:
             self.start(**kwargs)
 
@@ -144,6 +162,7 @@ class ParallelWorkerPool:
             pushed = 0
             read = 0
             for idx, item in enumerate(stream):
+                self.check_worker_health()
                 if pushed - read < self.queue_size:
                     try:
                         out_item = self.output_queue.get_nowait()
@@ -170,6 +189,7 @@ class ParallelWorkerPool:
                 self.input_queue.put(QueueSignals.stop)
 
             while read < pushed:
+                self.check_worker_health()
                 out_item = self.output_queue.get(timeout=processing_timeout)
                 if out_item == QueueSignals.error:
                     self.join_or_terminate()
@@ -179,10 +199,29 @@ class ParallelWorkerPool:
         finally:
             assert self.input_queue is not None, "Input queue is None"
             assert self.output_queue is not None, "Output queue is None"
+            self.join()
             self.input_queue.close()
             self.output_queue.close()
+            if self.emergency_shutdown:
+                self.input_queue.cancel_join_thread()
+                self.output_queue.cancel_join_thread()
+            else:
+                self.input_queue.join_thread()
+                self.output_queue.join_thread()
 
-    def join_or_terminate(self, timeout: Optional[int] = 1) -> None:
+    def check_worker_health(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Checks if any worker process has terminated unexpectedly
+        """
+        for process in self.processes:
+            if not process.is_alive() and process.exitcode != 0:
+                self.emergency_shutdown = True
+                self.join_or_terminate()
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Worker PID: {process.pid} terminated unexpectedly with code {process.exitcode}"
+                )
+
+    def join_or_terminate(self, timeout: int = 1) -> None:
         """
         Emergency shutdown
         @param timeout:
@@ -210,4 +249,5 @@ class ParallelWorkerPool:
         https://eli.thegreenplace.net/2009/06/12/safely-using-destructors-in-python/.
         """
         for process in self.processes:
-            process.terminate()
+            if process.is_alive():
+                process.terminate()

fastembed/postprocess/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from fastembed.postprocess.muvera import Muvera
+
+__all__ = ["Muvera"]

fastembed/postprocess/muvera.py

@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+import numpy as np
+
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
+from fastembed.late_interaction.late_interaction_embedding_base import (
+    LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase,
+)
+from fastembed.late_interaction_multimodal.late_interaction_multimodal_embedding_base import (
+    LateInteractionMultimodalEmbeddingBase,
+)
+
+
+MultiVectorModel = LateInteractionTextEmbeddingBase | LateInteractionMultimodalEmbeddingBase
+MAX_HAMMING_DISTANCE = 65  # 64 bits + 1
+POPCOUNT_LUT = np.array([bin(x).count("1") for x in range(256)], dtype=np.uint8)
+
+
+def hamming_distance_matrix(ids: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+    """Compute full Hamming distance matrix
+
+    Args:
+    ids: shape (n,) - array of ids, only size of the array matters
+
+    Return:
+        np.ndarray (n, n) - hamming distance matrix
+    """
+    n = len(ids)
+    xor_vals = np.bitwise_xor(ids[:, None], ids[None, :])  # (n, n) uint64
+    bytes_view = xor_vals.view(np.uint8).reshape(n, n, 8)  # (n, n, 8)
+    return POPCOUNT_LUT[bytes_view].sum(axis=2)
+
+
+class SimHashProjection:
+    """
+    SimHash projection component for MUVERA clustering.
+
+    This class implements locality-sensitive hashing using random hyperplanes
+    to partition the vector space into 2^k_sim clusters. Each vector is assigned
+    to a cluster based on which side of k_sim random hyperplanes it falls on.
+
+    Attributes:
+        k_sim (int): Number of SimHash functions (hyperplanes)
+        dim (int): Dimensionality of input vectors
+        simhash_vectors (np.ndarray): Random hyperplane normal vectors of shape (dim, k_sim)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, k_sim: int, dim: int, random_generator: np.random.Generator):
+        """
+        Initialize SimHash projection with random hyperplanes.
+
+        Args:
+            k_sim (int): Number of SimHash functions, determines 2^k_sim clusters
+            dim (int): Dimensionality of input vectors
+            random_generator (np.random.Generator): Random number generator for reproducibility
+        """
+        self.k_sim = k_sim
+        self.dim = dim
+        # Generate k_sim random hyperplanes (normal vectors) from standard normal distribution
+        self.simhash_vectors = random_generator.normal(size=(dim, k_sim))
+
+    def get_cluster_ids(self, vectors: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        Compute the cluster IDs for a given vector using SimHash.
+
+        The cluster ID is determined by computing the dot product of the vector
+        with each hyperplane normal vector, taking the sign, and interpreting
+        the resulting binary string as an integer.
+
+        Args:
+            vectors (np.ndarray): Input vectors of shape (n, dim,)
+
+        Returns:
+            np.ndarray: Cluster IDs in range [0, 2^k_sim - 1]
+
+        Raises:
+            AssertionError: If a vector shape doesn't match expected dimensionality
+        """
+        dot_product = (
+            vectors @ self.simhash_vectors
+        )  # (token_num, dim) x (dim, k_sim) -> (token_num, k_sim)
+        cluster_ids = (dot_product > 0) @ (1 << np.arange(self.k_sim))
+        return cluster_ids
+
+
+class Muvera:
+    """
+    MUVERA (Multi-Vector Retrieval Architecture) algorithm implementation.
+
+    This class creates Fixed Dimensional Encodings (FDEs) from variable-length
+    sequences of vectors by using SimHash clustering and random projections.
+    The process involves:
+    1. Clustering vectors using multiple SimHash projections
+    2. Computing cluster centers (with different strategies for docs vs queries)
+    3. Applying random projections for dimensionality reduction
+    4. Concatenating results from all projections
+
+    Attributes:
+        k_sim (int): Number of SimHash functions per projection
+        dim (int): Input vector dimensionality
+        dim_proj (int): Output dimensionality after random projection
+        r_reps (int): Number of random projection repetitions
+        random_seed (int): Random seed for consistent random matrix generation
+        simhash_projections (List[SimHashProjection]): SimHash instances for clustering
+        dim_reduction_projections (np.ndarray): Random projection matrices of shape (R_reps, d, d_proj)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dim: int,
+        k_sim: int = 5,
+        dim_proj: int = 16,
+        r_reps: int = 20,
+        random_seed: int = 42,
+    ):
+        """
+        Initialize MUVERA algorithm with specified parameters.
+
+        Args:
+            dim (int): Dimensionality of individual input vectors
+            k_sim (int, optional): Number of SimHash functions (creates 2^k_sim clusters).
+                                   Defaults to 5.
+            dim_proj (int, optional): Dimensionality after random projection (must be <= dim).
+                                    Defaults to 16.
+            r_reps (int, optional): Number of random projection repetitions for robustness.
+                                    Defaults to 20.
+            random_seed (int, optional): Seed for random number generator to ensure
+                                         reproducible results. Defaults to 42.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If dim_proj > dim (cannot project to higher dimensionality)
+        """
+        if dim_proj > dim:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Cannot project to a higher dimensionality (dim_proj={dim_proj} > dim={dim})"
+            )
+
+        self.k_sim = k_sim
+        self.dim = dim
+        self.dim_proj = dim_proj
+        self.r_reps = r_reps
+        # Create r_reps independent SimHash projections for robustness
+        generator = np.random.default_rng(random_seed)
+        self.simhash_projections = [
+            SimHashProjection(k_sim=self.k_sim, dim=self.dim, random_generator=generator)
+            for _ in range(r_reps)
+        ]
+        # Random projection matrices with entries from {-1, +1} for each repetition
+        self.dim_reduction_projections = generator.choice([-1, 1], size=(r_reps, dim, dim_proj))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_multivector_model(
+        cls,
+        model: MultiVectorModel,
+        k_sim: int = 5,
+        dim_proj: int = 16,
+        r_reps: int = 20,  # noqa[naming]
+        random_seed: int = 42,
+    ) -> "Muvera":
+        """
+        Create a Muvera instance from a multi-vector embedding model.
+
+        This class method provides a convenient way to initialize a MUVERA
+        that is compatible with a given multi-vector model by automatically extracting
+        the embedding dimensionality from the model.
+
+        Args:
+            model (MultiVectorModel): A late interaction text or multimodal embedding model
+                                    that provides multi-vector embeddings. Must have an
+                                    `embedding_size` attribute specifying the dimensionality
+                                    of individual vectors.
+            k_sim (int, optional): Number of SimHash functions (creates 2^k_sim clusters).
+                                   Defaults to 5.
+            dim_proj (int, optional): Dimensionality after random projection (must be <= model's
+                                    embedding_size). Defaults to 16.
+            r_reps (int, optional): Number of random projection repetitions for robustness.
+                                    Defaults to 20.
+            random_seed (int, optional): Seed for random number generator to ensure
+                                         reproducible results. Defaults to 42.
+
+        Returns:
+            Muvera: A configured MUVERA instance ready to process embeddings from the given model.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If dim_proj > model.embedding_size (cannot project to higher dimensionality)
+
+        Example:
+            >>> from fastembed import LateInteractionTextEmbedding
+            >>> model = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(model_name="colbert-ir/colbertv2.0")
+            >>> muvera = Muvera.from_multivector_model(
+            ...     model=model,
+            ...     k_sim=6,
+            ...     dim_proj=32
+            ... )
+            >>> # Now use postprocessor with embeddings from the model
+            >>> embeddings = np.array(list(model.embed(["sample text"])))
+            >>> fde = muvera.process_document(embeddings[0])
+        """
+        return cls(
+            dim=model.embedding_size,
+            k_sim=k_sim,
+            dim_proj=dim_proj,
+            r_reps=r_reps,
+            random_seed=random_seed,
+        )
+
+    def _get_output_dimension(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Get the output dimension of the MUVERA algorithm.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Output dimension (r_reps * num_partitions * dim_proj) where b = 2^k_sim
+        """
+        num_partitions = 2**self.k_sim
+        return self.r_reps * num_partitions * self.dim_proj
+
+    @property
+    def embedding_size(self) -> int:
+        return self._get_output_dimension()
+
+    def process_document(self, vectors: NumpyArray) -> NumpyArray:
+        """
+        Encode a document's vectors into a Fixed Dimensional Encoding (FDE).
+
+        Uses document-specific settings: normalizes cluster centers by vector count
+        and fills empty clusters using Hamming distance-based selection.
+
+        Args:
+            vectors (NumpyArray): Document vectors of shape (n_tokens, dim)
+
+        Returns:
+            NumpyArray: Fixed dimensional encodings of shape (r_reps * b * dim_proj,)
+        """
+        return self.process(vectors, fill_empty_clusters=True, normalize_by_count=True)
+
+    def process_query(self, vectors: NumpyArray) -> NumpyArray:
+        """
+        Encode a query's vectors into a Fixed Dimensional Encoding (FDE).
+
+        Uses query-specific settings: no normalization by count and no empty
+        cluster filling to preserve query vector magnitudes.
+
+        Args:
+            vectors (NumpyArray]): Query vectors of shape (n_tokens, dim)
+
+        Returns:
+            NumpyArray: Fixed dimensional encoding of shape (r_reps * b * dim_proj,)
+        """
+        return self.process(vectors, fill_empty_clusters=False, normalize_by_count=False)
+
+    def process(
+        self,
+        vectors: NumpyArray,
+        fill_empty_clusters: bool = True,
+        normalize_by_count: bool = True,
+    ) -> NumpyArray:
+        """
+        Core encoding method that transforms variable-length vector sequences into FDEs.
+
+        The encoding process:
+        1. For each of r_reps random projections:
+           a. Assign vectors to clusters using SimHash
+           b. Compute cluster centers (sum of vectors in each cluster)
+           c. Optionally normalize by cluster size
+           d. Fill empty clusters using Hamming distance if requested
+           e. Apply random projection for dimensionality reduction
+           f. Flatten cluster centers into a vector
+        2. Concatenate all projection results
+
+        Args:
+            vectors (np.ndarray): Input vectors of shape (n_vectors, dim)
+            fill_empty_clusters (bool): Whether to fill empty clusters using nearest
+                                      vectors based on Hamming distance of cluster IDs
+            normalize_by_count (bool): Whether to normalize cluster centers by the
+                                     number of vectors assigned to each cluster
+
+        Returns:
+            np.ndarray: Fixed dimensional encoding of shape (r_reps * b * dim_proj)
+                        where B = 2^k_sim is the number of clusters
+
+        Raises:
+            AssertionError: If input vectors don't have expected dimensionality
+        """
+        assert (
+            vectors.shape[1] == self.dim
+        ), f"Expected vectors of shape (n, {self.dim}), got {vectors.shape}"
+
+        # Store results from each random projection
+        output_vectors = []
+
+        # num of space partitions in SimHash
+        num_partitions = 2**self.k_sim
+        cluster_center_ids = np.arange(num_partitions)
+        precomputed_hamming_matrix = (
+            hamming_distance_matrix(cluster_center_ids) if fill_empty_clusters else None
+        )
+
+        for projection_index, simhash in enumerate(self.simhash_projections):
+            # Initialize cluster centers and count vectors assigned to each cluster
+            cluster_centers = np.zeros((num_partitions, self.dim))
+            cluster_center_id_to_vectors: dict[int, list[int]] = {
+                cluster_center_id: [] for cluster_center_id in cluster_center_ids
+            }
+            cluster_vector_counts = None
+            empty_mask = None
+
+            # Assign each vector to its cluster and accumulate cluster centers
+            vector_cluster_ids = simhash.get_cluster_ids(vectors)
+            for cluster_id, (vec_idx, vec) in zip(vector_cluster_ids, enumerate(vectors)):
+                cluster_centers[cluster_id] += vec
+                cluster_center_id_to_vectors[cluster_id].append(vec_idx)
+
+            if normalize_by_count or fill_empty_clusters:
+                cluster_vector_counts = np.bincount(vector_cluster_ids, minlength=num_partitions)
+                empty_mask = cluster_vector_counts == 0
+
+            if normalize_by_count:
+                assert empty_mask is not None
+                assert cluster_vector_counts is not None
+                non_empty_mask = ~empty_mask
+                cluster_centers[non_empty_mask] /= cluster_vector_counts[non_empty_mask][:, None]
+
+            # Fill empty clusters using vectors with minimum Hamming distance
+            if fill_empty_clusters:
+                assert empty_mask is not None
+                assert precomputed_hamming_matrix is not None
+                masked_hamming = np.where(
+                    empty_mask[None, :], MAX_HAMMING_DISTANCE, precomputed_hamming_matrix
+                )
+                nearest_non_empty = np.argmin(masked_hamming, axis=1)
+                fill_vectors = np.array(
+                    [
+                        vectors[cluster_center_id_to_vectors[cluster_id][0]]
+                        for cluster_id in nearest_non_empty[empty_mask]
+                    ]
+                ).reshape(-1, self.dim)
+                cluster_centers[empty_mask] = fill_vectors
+
+            # Apply random projection for dimensionality reduction if needed
+            if self.dim_proj < self.dim:
+                dim_reduction_projection = self.dim_reduction_projections[
+                    projection_index
+                ]  # Get projection matrix for this repetition
+                projected_centers = (1 / np.sqrt(self.dim_proj)) * (
+                    cluster_centers @ dim_reduction_projection
+                )
+
+                # Flatten cluster centers into a single vector and add to output
+                output_vectors.append(projected_centers.flatten())
+                continue
+
+            # If no projection needed (dim_proj == dim), use original cluster centers
+            output_vectors.append(cluster_centers.flatten())
+
+        # Concatenate results from all R_reps projections into final FDE
+        return np.concatenate(output_vectors)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    v_arrs = np.random.randn(10, 100, 128)
+    muvera = Muvera(128, 4, 8, 20, 42)
+
+    for v_arr in v_arrs:
+        muvera.process(v_arr)  # type: ignore

fastembed/py.typed

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+partial

fastembed/rerank/cross_encoder/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from fastembed.rerank.cross_encoder.text_cross_encoder import TextCrossEncoder
+
+__all__ = ["TextCrossEncoder"]

fastembed/rerank/cross_encoder/custom_text_cross_encoder.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+from typing import Sequence, Any
+
+from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider
+from fastembed.common.model_description import BaseModelDescription
+from fastembed.common.types import Device
+from fastembed.rerank.cross_encoder.onnx_text_cross_encoder import OnnxTextCrossEncoder
+
+
+class CustomTextCrossEncoder(OnnxTextCrossEncoder):
+    SUPPORTED_MODELS: list[BaseModelDescription] = []
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        device_id: int | None = None,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=threads,
+            providers=providers,
+            cuda=cuda,
+            device_ids=device_ids,
+            lazy_load=lazy_load,
+            device_id=device_id,
+            specific_model_path=specific_model_path,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[BaseModelDescription]:
+        return cls.SUPPORTED_MODELS
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_model(
+        cls,
+        model_description: BaseModelDescription,
+    ) -> None:
+        cls.SUPPORTED_MODELS.append(model_description)

fastembed/rerank/cross_encoder/onnx_text_cross_encoder.py

@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
+
+from loguru import logger
+
+from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider
+from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
+from fastembed.common.types import Device
+from fastembed.common.utils import define_cache_dir
+from fastembed.rerank.cross_encoder.onnx_text_model import (
+    OnnxCrossEncoderModel,
+    TextRerankerWorker,
+)
+from fastembed.rerank.cross_encoder.text_cross_encoder_base import TextCrossEncoderBase
+from fastembed.common.model_description import BaseModelDescription, ModelSource
+
+supported_onnx_models: list[BaseModelDescription] = [
+    BaseModelDescription(
+        model="Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2",
+        description="MiniLM-L-6-v2 model optimized for re-ranking tasks.",
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.08,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    BaseModelDescription(
+        model="Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-12-v2",
+        description="MiniLM-L-12-v2 model optimized for re-ranking tasks.",
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.12,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-12-v2"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    BaseModelDescription(
+        model="BAAI/bge-reranker-base",
+        description="BGE reranker base model for cross-encoder re-ranking.",
+        license="mit",
+        size_in_GB=1.04,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="BAAI/bge-reranker-base"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    BaseModelDescription(
+        model="jinaai/jina-reranker-v1-tiny-en",
+        description="Designed for blazing-fast re-ranking with 8K context length and fewer parameters than jina-reranker-v1-turbo-en.",
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.13,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="jinaai/jina-reranker-v1-tiny-en"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    BaseModelDescription(
+        model="jinaai/jina-reranker-v1-turbo-en",
+        description="Designed for blazing-fast re-ranking with 8K context length.",
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.15,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="jinaai/jina-reranker-v1-turbo-en"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    BaseModelDescription(
+        model="jinaai/jina-reranker-v2-base-multilingual",
+        description="A multi-lingual reranker model for cross-encoder re-ranking with 1K context length and sliding window",
+        license="cc-by-nc-4.0",
+        size_in_GB=1.11,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="jinaai/jina-reranker-v2-base-multilingual"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+]
+
+
+class OnnxTextCrossEncoder(TextCrossEncoderBase, OnnxCrossEncoderModel):
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[BaseModelDescription]:
+        """Lists the supported models.
+
+        Returns:
+            list[BaseModelDescription]: A list of BaseModelDescription objects containing the model information.
+        """
+        return supported_onnx_models
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        device_id: int | None = None,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        """
+        Args:
+            model_name (str): The name of the model to use.
+            cache_dir (str, optional): The path to the cache directory.
+                                       Can be set using the `FASTEMBED_CACHE_PATH` env variable.
+                                       Defaults to `fastembed_cache` in the system's temp directory.
+            threads (int, optional): The number of threads single onnxruntime session can use. Defaults to None.
+            providers (Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]], optional): The list of onnxruntime providers to use.
+                Mutually exclusive with the `cuda` and `device_ids` arguments. Defaults to None.
+            cuda (Union[bool, Device], optional): Whether to use cuda for inference. Mutually exclusive with `providers`
+                Defaults to Device.AUTO.
+            device_ids (Optional[list[int]], optional): The list of device ids to use for data parallel processing in
+                workers. Should be used with `cuda` equals to `True`, `Device.AUTO` or `Device.CUDA`, mutually exclusive
+                with `providers`. Defaults to None.
+            lazy_load (bool, optional): Whether to load the model during class initialization or on demand.
+                Should be set to True when using multiple-gpu and parallel encoding. Defaults to False.
+            device_id (Optional[int], optional): The device id to use for loading the model in the worker process.
+            specific_model_path (Optional[str], optional): The specific path to the onnx model dir if it should be imported from somewhere else
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If the model_name is not in the format <org>/<model> e.g. Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2.
+        """
+        super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)
+        self.providers = providers
+        self.lazy_load = lazy_load
+        self._extra_session_options = self._select_exposed_session_options(kwargs)
+
+        # List of device ids, that can be used for data parallel processing in workers
+        self.device_ids = device_ids
+        self.cuda = cuda
+
+        if self.device_ids is not None and len(self.device_ids) > 1:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Parallel execution is currently not supported for cross encoders, "
+                f"only the first device will be used for inference: {self.device_ids[0]}."
+            )
+
+        # This device_id will be used if we need to load model in current process
+        self.device_id: int | None = None
+        if device_id is not None:
+            self.device_id = device_id
+        elif self.device_ids is not None:
+            self.device_id = self.device_ids[0]
+
+        self.model_description = self._get_model_description(model_name)
+        self.cache_dir = str(define_cache_dir(cache_dir))
+        self._specific_model_path = specific_model_path
+        self._model_dir = self.download_model(
+            self.model_description,
+            self.cache_dir,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+        )
+
+        if not self.lazy_load:
+            self.load_onnx_model()
+
+    def load_onnx_model(self) -> None:
+        self._load_onnx_model(
+            model_dir=self._model_dir,
+            model_file=self.model_description.model_file,
+            threads=self.threads,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_id=self.device_id,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
+        )
+
+    def rerank(
+        self,
+        query: str,
+        documents: Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 64,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[float]:
+        """Reranks documents based on their relevance to a given query.
+
+        Args:
+            query (str): The query string to which document relevance is calculated.
+            documents (Iterable[str]): Iterable of documents to be reranked.
+            batch_size (int, optional): The number of documents processed in each batch. Higher batch sizes improve speed
+                                        but require more memory. Default is 64.
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[float]: An iterable of relevance scores for each document.
+        """
+
+        yield from self._rerank_documents(
+            query=query, documents=documents, batch_size=batch_size, **kwargs
+        )
+
+    def rerank_pairs(
+        self,
+        pairs: Iterable[tuple[str, str]],
+        batch_size: int = 64,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[float]:
+        yield from self._rerank_pairs(
+            model_name=self.model_name,
+            cache_dir=str(self.cache_dir),
+            pairs=pairs,
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            parallel=parallel,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_ids=self.device_ids,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[TextRerankerWorker]:
+        return TextCrossEncoderWorker
+
+    def _post_process_onnx_output(
+        self, output: OnnxOutputContext, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Iterable[float]:
+        return (float(elem) for elem in output.model_output)
+
+    def token_count(
+        self, pairs: Iterable[tuple[str, str]], batch_size: int = 1024, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> int:
+        """Returns the number of tokens in the pairs.
+
+        Args:
+            pairs: Iterable of tuples, where each tuple contains a query and a document to be tokenized
+            batch_size: Batch size for tokenizing
+
+        Returns:
+            token count: overall number of tokens in the pairs
+        """
+        return self._token_count(pairs, batch_size=batch_size, **kwargs)
+
+
+class TextCrossEncoderWorker(TextRerankerWorker):
+    def init_embedding(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> OnnxTextCrossEncoder:
+        return OnnxTextCrossEncoder(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
+        )

fastembed/rerank/cross_encoder/onnx_text_model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+import os
+from multiprocessing import get_all_start_methods
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
+
+import numpy as np
+from tokenizers import Encoding
+
+from fastembed.common.onnx_model import (
+    EmbeddingWorker,
+    OnnxModel,
+    OnnxOutputContext,
+    OnnxProvider,
+)
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray, Device
+from fastembed.common.preprocessor_utils import load_tokenizer
+from fastembed.common.utils import iter_batch
+from fastembed.parallel_processor import ParallelWorkerPool
+
+
+class OnnxCrossEncoderModel(OnnxModel[float]):
+    ONNX_OUTPUT_NAMES: list[str] | None = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type["TextRerankerWorker"]:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    def _load_onnx_model(
+        self,
+        model_dir: Path,
+        model_file: str,
+        threads: int | None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_id: int | None = None,
+        extra_session_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super()._load_onnx_model(
+            model_dir=model_dir,
+            model_file=model_file,
+            threads=threads,
+            providers=providers,
+            cuda=cuda,
+            device_id=device_id,
+            extra_session_options=extra_session_options,
+        )
+        self.tokenizer, _ = load_tokenizer(model_dir=model_dir)
+        assert self.tokenizer is not None
+
+    def tokenize(self, pairs: list[tuple[str, str]], **_: Any) -> list[Encoding]:
+        return self.tokenizer.encode_batch(pairs)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+
+    def _build_onnx_input(self, tokenized_input: list[Encoding]) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
+        input_names: set[str] = {node.name for node in self.model.get_inputs()}  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        inputs: dict[str, NumpyArray] = {
+            "input_ids": np.array([enc.ids for enc in tokenized_input], dtype=np.int64),
+        }
+        if "token_type_ids" in input_names:
+            inputs["token_type_ids"] = np.array(
+                [enc.type_ids for enc in tokenized_input], dtype=np.int64
+            )
+        if "attention_mask" in input_names:
+            inputs["attention_mask"] = np.array(
+                [enc.attention_mask for enc in tokenized_input], dtype=np.int64
+            )
+        return inputs
+
+    def onnx_embed(self, query: str, documents: list[str], **kwargs: Any) -> OnnxOutputContext:
+        pairs = [(query, doc) for doc in documents]
+        return self.onnx_embed_pairs(pairs, **kwargs)
+
+    def onnx_embed_pairs(self, pairs: list[tuple[str, str]], **kwargs: Any) -> OnnxOutputContext:
+        tokenized_input = self.tokenize(pairs, **kwargs)
+        inputs = self._build_onnx_input(tokenized_input)
+        onnx_input = self._preprocess_onnx_input(inputs, **kwargs)
+        outputs = self.model.run(self.ONNX_OUTPUT_NAMES, onnx_input)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        relevant_output = outputs[0]
+        scores: NumpyArray = relevant_output[:, 0]
+        return OnnxOutputContext(model_output=scores)
+
+    def _rerank_documents(
+        self, query: str, documents: Iterable[str], batch_size: int, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Iterable[float]:
+        if not hasattr(self, "model") or self.model is None:
+            self.load_onnx_model()
+        for batch in iter_batch(documents, batch_size):
+            yield from self._post_process_onnx_output(self.onnx_embed(query, batch, **kwargs))
+
+    def _rerank_pairs(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        pairs: Iterable[tuple[str, str]],
+        batch_size: int,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        local_files_only: bool = False,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        extra_session_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[float]:
+        is_small = False
+
+        if isinstance(pairs, tuple):
+            pairs = [pairs]
+            is_small = True
+
+        if isinstance(pairs, list):
+            if len(pairs) < batch_size:
+                is_small = True
+
+        if parallel is None or is_small:
+            if not hasattr(self, "model") or self.model is None:
+                self.load_onnx_model()
+            for batch in iter_batch(pairs, batch_size):
+                yield from self._post_process_onnx_output(self.onnx_embed_pairs(batch, **kwargs))
+        else:
+            if parallel == 0:
+                parallel = os.cpu_count()
+
+            start_method = "forkserver" if "forkserver" in get_all_start_methods() else "spawn"
+            params = {
+                "model_name": model_name,
+                "cache_dir": cache_dir,
+                "providers": providers,
+                "local_files_only": local_files_only,
+                "specific_model_path": specific_model_path,
+                **kwargs,
+            }
+
+            if extra_session_options is not None:
+                params.update(extra_session_options)
+
+            pool = ParallelWorkerPool(
+                num_workers=parallel or 1,
+                worker=self._get_worker_class(),
+                cuda=cuda,
+                device_ids=device_ids,
+                start_method=start_method,
+            )
+            for batch in pool.ordered_map(iter_batch(pairs, batch_size), **params):
+                yield from self._post_process_onnx_output(batch)  # type: ignore
+
+    def _post_process_onnx_output(
+        self, output: OnnxOutputContext, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Iterable[float]:
+        """Post-process the ONNX model output to convert it into a usable format.
+
+        Args:
+            output (OnnxOutputContext): The raw output from the ONNX model.
+            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments that may be needed by specific implementations.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[float]: Post-processed output as an iterable of float values.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    def _preprocess_onnx_input(
+        self, onnx_input: dict[str, NumpyArray], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Preprocess the onnx input.
+        """
+        return onnx_input
+
+    def _token_count(
+        self, pairs: Iterable[tuple[str, str]], batch_size: int = 1024, **_: Any
+    ) -> int:
+        if not hasattr(self, "model") or self.model is None:
+            self.load_onnx_model()  # loads the tokenizer as well
+
+        token_num = 0
+        assert self.tokenizer is not None
+        for batch in iter_batch(pairs, batch_size):
+            for tokens in self.tokenizer.encode_batch(batch):
+                token_num += sum(tokens.attention_mask)
+
+        return token_num
+
+
+class TextRerankerWorker(EmbeddingWorker[float]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        self.model: OnnxCrossEncoderModel
+        super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, **kwargs)
+
+    def init_embedding(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> OnnxCrossEncoderModel:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def process(self, items: Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]) -> Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]:
+        for idx, batch in items:
+            onnx_output = self.model.onnx_embed_pairs(batch)
+            yield idx, onnx_output

fastembed/rerank/cross_encoder/text_cross_encoder.py

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
+from dataclasses import asdict
+
+from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider
+from fastembed.common.types import Device
+from fastembed.rerank.cross_encoder.onnx_text_cross_encoder import OnnxTextCrossEncoder
+from fastembed.rerank.cross_encoder.custom_text_cross_encoder import CustomTextCrossEncoder
+
+from fastembed.rerank.cross_encoder.text_cross_encoder_base import TextCrossEncoderBase
+from fastembed.common.model_description import (
+    ModelSource,
+    BaseModelDescription,
+)
+
+
+class TextCrossEncoder(TextCrossEncoderBase):
+    CROSS_ENCODER_REGISTRY: list[Type[TextCrossEncoderBase]] = [
+        OnnxTextCrossEncoder,
+        CustomTextCrossEncoder,
+    ]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def list_supported_models(cls) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Lists the supported models.
+
+        Returns:
+            list[BaseModelDescription]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+
+            Example:
+                ```
+                [
+                    {
+                        "model": "Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2",
+                        "size_in_GB": 0.08,
+                        "sources": {
+                            "hf": "Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2",
+                        },
+                        "model_file": "onnx/model.onnx",
+                        "description": "MiniLM-L-6-v2 model optimized for re-ranking tasks.",
+                        "license": "apache-2.0",
+                    }
+                ]
+                ```
+        """
+        return [asdict(model) for model in cls._list_supported_models()]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[BaseModelDescription]:
+        result: list[BaseModelDescription] = []
+        for encoder in cls.CROSS_ENCODER_REGISTRY:
+            result.extend(encoder._list_supported_models())
+        return result
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)
+
+        for CROSS_ENCODER_TYPE in self.CROSS_ENCODER_REGISTRY:
+            supported_models = CROSS_ENCODER_TYPE._list_supported_models()
+            if any(model_name.lower() == model.model.lower() for model in supported_models):
+                self.model = CROSS_ENCODER_TYPE(
+                    model_name=model_name,
+                    cache_dir=cache_dir,
+                    threads=threads,
+                    providers=providers,
+                    cuda=cuda,
+                    device_ids=device_ids,
+                    lazy_load=lazy_load,
+                    **kwargs,
+                )
+                return
+
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Model {model_name} is not supported in TextCrossEncoder."
+            "Please check the supported models using `TextCrossEncoder.list_supported_models()`"
+        )
+
+    def rerank(
+        self, query: str, documents: Iterable[str], batch_size: int = 64, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Iterable[float]:
+        """Rerank a list of documents based on a query.
+
+        Args:
+            query: Query to rerank the documents against
+            documents: Iterator of documents to rerank
+            batch_size: Batch size for reranking
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable of scores for each document
+        """
+        yield from self.model.rerank(query, documents, batch_size=batch_size, **kwargs)
+
+    def rerank_pairs(
+        self,
+        pairs: Iterable[tuple[str, str]],
+        batch_size: int = 64,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[float]:
+        """
+        Rerank a list of query-document pairs.
+
+        Args:
+            pairs (Iterable[tuple[str, str]]): An iterable of tuples, where each tuple contains a query and a document
+                to be scored together.
+            batch_size (int, optional): The number of query-document pairs to process in a single batch. Defaults to 64.
+            parallel (Optional[int], optional): The number of parallel processes to use for reranking.
+                If None, parallelization is disabled. Defaults to None.
+            **kwargs (Any): Additional arguments to pass to the underlying reranking model.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[float]: An iterable of scores corresponding to each query-document pair in the input.
+            Higher scores indicate a stronger match between the query and the document.
+
+        Example:
+            >>> encoder = TextCrossEncoder("Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2")
+            >>> pairs = [("What is AI?", "Artificial intelligence is ..."), ("What is ML?", "Machine learning is ...")]
+            >>> scores = list(encoder.rerank_pairs(pairs))
+            >>> print(list(map(lambda x: round(x, 2), scores)))
+            [-1.24, -10.6]
+        """
+        yield from self.model.rerank_pairs(
+            pairs, batch_size=batch_size, parallel=parallel, **kwargs
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_custom_model(
+        cls,
+        model: str,
+        sources: ModelSource,
+        model_file: str = "onnx/model.onnx",
+        description: str = "",
+        license: str = "",
+        size_in_gb: float = 0.0,
+        additional_files: list[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        registered_models = cls._list_supported_models()
+        for registered_model in registered_models:
+            if model == registered_model.model:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Model {model} is already registered in CrossEncoderModel, if you still want to add this model, "
+                    f"please use another model name"
+                )
+
+        CustomTextCrossEncoder.add_model(
+            BaseModelDescription(
+                model=model,
+                sources=sources,
+                model_file=model_file,
+                description=description,
+                license=license,
+                size_in_GB=size_in_gb,
+                additional_files=additional_files or [],
+            )
+        )
+
+    def token_count(
+        self, pairs: Iterable[tuple[str, str]], batch_size: int = 1024, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> int:
+        """Returns the number of tokens in the pairs.
+
+        Args:
+            pairs: Iterable of tuples, where each tuple contains a query and a document to be tokenized
+            batch_size: Batch size for tokenizing
+
+        Returns:
+            token count: overall number of tokens in the pairs
+        """
+        return self.model.token_count(pairs, batch_size=batch_size, **kwargs)

fastembed/rerank/cross_encoder/text_cross_encoder_base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+from typing import Any, Iterable
+
+from fastembed.common.model_description import BaseModelDescription
+from fastembed.common.model_management import ModelManagement
+
+
+class TextCrossEncoderBase(ModelManagement[BaseModelDescription]):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        self.model_name = model_name
+        self.cache_dir = cache_dir
+        self.threads = threads
+        self._local_files_only = kwargs.pop("local_files_only", False)
+
+    def rerank(
+        self,
+        query: str,
+        documents: Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 64,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[float]:
+        """Rerank a list of documents given a query.
+
+        Args:
+            query (str): The query to rerank the documents.
+            documents (Iterable[str]): The list of texts to rerank.
+            batch_size (int): The batch size to use for reranking.
+            **kwargs: Additional keyword argument to pass to the rerank method.
+
+        Yields:
+            Iterable[float]: The scores of the reranked the documents.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("This method should be overridden by subclasses")
+
+    def rerank_pairs(
+        self,
+        pairs: Iterable[tuple[str, str]],
+        batch_size: int = 64,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[float]:
+        """Rerank query-document pairs.
+        Args:
+            pairs (Iterable[tuple[str, str]]): Query-document pairs to rerank
+            batch_size (int): The batch size to use for reranking.
+            parallel: parallel:
+                If > 1, data-parallel encoding will be used, recommended for offline encoding of large datasets.
+                If 0, use all available cores.
+                If None, don't use data-parallel processing, use default onnxruntime threading instead.
+            **kwargs: Additional keyword argument to pass to the rerank method.
+        Yields:
+            Iterable[float]: Scores for each individual pair
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("This method should be overridden by subclasses")
+
+    def token_count(self, pairs: Iterable[tuple[str, str]], **kwargs: Any) -> int:
+        """Returns the number of tokens in the pairs."""
+        raise NotImplementedError("This method should be overridden by subclasses")

fastembed/sparse/bm25.py

@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
 import os
-import string
 from collections import defaultdict
 from multiprocessing import get_all_start_methods
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Type
 
 import mmh3
 import numpy as np
-from snowballstemmer import stemmer as get_stemmer
-
-from fastembed.common.utils import define_cache_dir, iter_batch
+from py_rust_stemmers import SnowballStemmer
+from fastembed.common.utils import (
+    define_cache_dir,
+    iter_batch,
+    get_all_punctuation,
+    remove_non_alphanumeric,
+)
 from fastembed.parallel_processor import ParallelWorkerPool, Worker
 from fastembed.sparse.sparse_embedding_base import (
     SparseEmbedding,
     SparseTextEmbeddingBase,
 )
-from fastembed.sparse.utils.tokenizer import WordTokenizer
+from fastembed.sparse.utils.tokenizer import SimpleTokenizer
+from fastembed.common.model_description import SparseModelDescription, ModelSource
+
 
 supported_languages = [
     "arabic",
-    "azerbaijani",
-    "basque",
-    "bengali",
-    "catalan",
-    "chinese",
     "danish",
     "dutch",
     "english",
@@ -31,36 +31,30 @@ supported_languages = [
     "french",
     "german",
     "greek",
-    "hebrew",
-    "hinglish",
     "hungarian",
-    "indonesian",
     "italian",
-    "kazakh",
-    "nepali",
     "norwegian",
     "portuguese",
     "romanian",
     "russian",
-    "slovene",
     "spanish",
     "swedish",
-    "tajik",
+    "tamil",
     "turkish",
 ]
 
-supported_bm25_models = [
-    {
-        "model": "Qdrant/bm25",
-        "description": "BM25 as sparse embeddings meant to be used with Qdrant",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.01,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "Qdrant/bm25",
-        },
-        "model_file": "mock.file",  # bm25 does not require a model, so we just use a mock
-        "additional_files": [f"{lang}.txt" for lang in supported_languages],
-        "requires_idf": True,
-    },
+supported_bm25_models: list[SparseModelDescription] = [
+    SparseModelDescription(
+        model="Qdrant/bm25",
+        vocab_size=0,
+        description="BM25 as sparse embeddings meant to be used with Qdrant",
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.01,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="Qdrant/bm25"),
+        additional_files=[f"{lang}.txt" for lang in supported_languages],
+        requires_idf=True,
+        model_file="mock.file",
+    ),
 ]
 
 
@@ -88,6 +82,8 @@ class Bm25(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
         b (float, optional): The b parameter in the BM25 formula. Defines the importance of the document length.
             Defaults to 0.75.
         avg_len (float, optional): The average length of the documents in the corpus. Defaults to 256.0.
+        language (str): Specifies the language for the stemmer.
+        disable_stemmer (bool): Disable the stemmer.
     Raises:
         ValueError: If the model_name is not in the format <org>/<model> e.g. BAAI/bge-base-en.
     """
@@ -95,12 +91,15 @@ class Bm25(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str,
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
         k: float = 1.2,
         b: float = 0.75,
         avg_len: float = 256.0,
         language: str = "english",
-        **kwargs,
+        token_max_length: int = 40,
+        disable_stemmer: bool = False,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, **kwargs)
 
@@ -114,28 +113,40 @@ class Bm25(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
         self.avg_len = avg_len
 
         model_description = self._get_model_description(model_name)
-        self.cache_dir = define_cache_dir(cache_dir)
+        self.cache_dir = str(define_cache_dir(cache_dir))
 
-        model_dir = self.download_model(
-            model_description, self.cache_dir, local_files_only=self._local_files_only
+        self._specific_model_path = specific_model_path
+        self._model_dir = self.download_model(
+            model_description,
+            self.cache_dir,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
         )
 
-        self.punctuation = set(string.punctuation)
-        self.stopwords = set(self._load_stopwords(model_dir, self.language))
-        self.stemmer = get_stemmer(language)
-        self.tokenizer = WordTokenizer
+        self.token_max_length = token_max_length
+        self.punctuation = set(get_all_punctuation())
+        self.disable_stemmer = disable_stemmer
+
+        if disable_stemmer:
+            self.stopwords: set[str] = set()
+            self.stemmer = None
+        else:
+            self.stopwords = set(self._load_stopwords(self._model_dir, self.language))
+            self.stemmer = SnowballStemmer(language)
+
+        self.tokenizer = SimpleTokenizer
 
     @classmethod
-    def list_supported_models(cls) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[SparseModelDescription]:
         """Lists the supported models.
 
         Returns:
-            List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+            list[SparseModelDescription]: A list of SparseModelDescription objects containing the model information.
         """
         return supported_bm25_models
 
     @classmethod
-    def _load_stopwords(cls, model_dir: Path, language: str) -> List[str]:
+    def _load_stopwords(cls, model_dir: Path, language: str) -> list[str]:
         stopwords_path = model_dir / f"{language}.txt"
         if not stopwords_path.exists():
             return []
@@ -147,9 +158,11 @@ class Bm25(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
         self,
         model_name: str,
         cache_dir: str,
-        documents: Union[str, Iterable[str]],
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
         batch_size: int = 256,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        local_files_only: bool = False,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
     ) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
         is_small = False
 
@@ -161,13 +174,13 @@ class Bm25(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
             if len(documents) < batch_size:
                 is_small = True
 
-        if parallel == 0:
-            parallel = os.cpu_count()
-
         if parallel is None or is_small:
             for batch in iter_batch(documents, batch_size):
                 yield from self.raw_embed(batch)
         else:
+            if parallel == 0:
+                parallel = os.cpu_count()
+
             start_method = "forkserver" if "forkserver" in get_all_start_methods() else "spawn"
             params = {
                 "model_name": model_name,
@@ -175,20 +188,27 @@ class Bm25(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
                 "k": self.k,
                 "b": self.b,
                 "avg_len": self.avg_len,
+                "language": self.language,
+                "token_max_length": self.token_max_length,
+                "disable_stemmer": self.disable_stemmer,
+                "local_files_only": local_files_only,
+                "specific_model_path": specific_model_path,
             }
             pool = ParallelWorkerPool(
-                parallel, self._get_worker_class(), start_method=start_method
+                num_workers=parallel or 1,
+                worker=self._get_worker_class(),
+                start_method=start_method,
             )
             for batch in pool.ordered_map(iter_batch(documents, batch_size), **params):
                 for record in batch:
-                    yield record
+                    yield record  # type: ignore
 
     def embed(
         self,
-        documents: Union[str, Iterable[str]],
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
         batch_size: int = 256,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
         """
         Encode a list of documents into list of embeddings.
@@ -211,18 +231,25 @@ class Bm25(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
             documents=documents,
             batch_size=batch_size,
             parallel=parallel,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
         )
 
-    def _stem(self, tokens: List[str]) -> List[str]:
-        stemmed_tokens = []
+    def _stem(self, tokens: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+        stemmed_tokens: list[str] = []
         for token in tokens:
+            lower_token = token.lower()
+
             if token in self.punctuation:
                 continue
 
-            if token in self.stopwords:
+            if lower_token in self.stopwords:
                 continue
 
-            stemmed_token = self.stemmer.stemWord(token)
+            if len(token) > self.token_max_length:
+                continue
+
+            stemmed_token = self.stemmer.stem_word(lower_token) if self.stemmer else lower_token
 
             if stemmed_token:
                 stemmed_tokens.append(stemmed_token)
@@ -230,17 +257,27 @@ class Bm25(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
 
     def raw_embed(
         self,
-        documents: List[str],
-    ) -> List[SparseEmbedding]:
-        embeddings = []
+        documents: list[str],
+    ) -> list[SparseEmbedding]:
+        embeddings: list[SparseEmbedding] = []
         for document in documents:
+            document = remove_non_alphanumeric(document)
             tokens = self.tokenizer.tokenize(document)
             stemmed_tokens = self._stem(tokens)
             token_id2value = self._term_frequency(stemmed_tokens)
             embeddings.append(SparseEmbedding.from_dict(token_id2value))
         return embeddings
 
-    def _term_frequency(self, tokens: List[str]) -> Dict[int, float]:
+    def token_count(self, texts: str | Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> int:
+        token_num = 0
+        texts = [texts] if isinstance(texts, str) else texts
+        for text in texts:
+            document = remove_non_alphanumeric(text)
+            tokens = self.tokenizer.tokenize(document)
+            token_num += len(tokens)
+        return token_num
+
+    def _term_frequency(self, tokens: list[str]) -> dict[int, float]:
         """Calculate the term frequency part of the BM25 formula.
 
         (
@@ -250,13 +287,13 @@ class Bm25(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
         )
 
         Args:
-            tokens (List[str]): The list of tokens in the document.
+            tokens (list[str]): The list of tokens in the document.
 
         Returns:
-            Dict[int, float]: The token_id to term frequency mapping.
+            dict[int, float]: The token_id to term frequency mapping.
         """
-        tf_map = {}
-        counter = defaultdict(int)
+        tf_map: dict[int, float] = {}
+        counter: defaultdict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
         for stemmed_token in tokens:
             counter[stemmed_token] += 1
 
@@ -274,7 +311,7 @@ class Bm25(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
     def compute_token_id(cls, token: str) -> int:
         return abs(mmh3.hash(token))
 
-    def query_embed(self, query: Union[str, Iterable[str]], **kwargs) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
+    def query_embed(self, query: str | Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
         """To emulate BM25 behaviour, we don't need to use weights in the query, and
         it's enough to just hash the tokens and assign a weight of 1.0 to them.
         """
@@ -282,6 +319,7 @@ class Bm25(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
             query = [query]
 
         for text in query:
+            text = remove_non_alphanumeric(text)
             tokens = self.tokenizer.tokenize(text)
             stemmed_tokens = self._stem(tokens)
             token_ids = np.array(
@@ -301,7 +339,7 @@ class Bm25Worker(Worker):
         self,
         model_name: str,
         cache_dir: str,
-        **kwargs,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         self.model = self.init_embedding(model_name, cache_dir, **kwargs)
 
@@ -309,11 +347,13 @@ class Bm25Worker(Worker):
     def start(cls, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs: Any) -> "Bm25Worker":
         return cls(model_name=model_name, cache_dir=cache_dir, **kwargs)
 
-    def process(self, items: Iterable[Tuple[int, Any]]) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, Any]]:
+    def process(
+        self, items: Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]
+    ) -> Iterable[tuple[int, list[SparseEmbedding]]]:
         for idx, batch in items:
             onnx_output = self.model.raw_embed(batch)
             yield idx, onnx_output
 
     @staticmethod
-    def init_embedding(model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs) -> Bm25:
+    def init_embedding(model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Bm25:
         return Bm25(model_name=model_name, cache_dir=cache_dir, **kwargs)

fastembed/sparse/bm42.py

@@ -1,39 +1,48 @@
 import math
 import string
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Type, Union
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
 
 import mmh3
 import numpy as np
-from snowballstemmer import stemmer as get_stemmer
+from py_rust_stemmers import SnowballStemmer
 
 from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider
 from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
+from fastembed.common.types import Device
 from fastembed.common.utils import define_cache_dir
 from fastembed.sparse.sparse_embedding_base import (
     SparseEmbedding,
     SparseTextEmbeddingBase,
 )
 from fastembed.text.onnx_text_model import OnnxTextModel, TextEmbeddingWorker
+from fastembed.common.model_description import SparseModelDescription, ModelSource
 
-supported_bm42_models = [
-    {
-        "model": "Qdrant/bm42-all-minilm-l6-v2-attentions",
-        "vocab_size": 30522,
-        "description": "Light sparse embedding model, which assigns an importance score to each token in the text",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.09,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "Qdrant/all_miniLM_L6_v2_with_attentions",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model.onnx",
-        "additional_files": ["stopwords.txt"],
-        "requires_idf": True,
-    },
+supported_bm42_models: list[SparseModelDescription] = [
+    SparseModelDescription(
+        model="Qdrant/bm42-all-minilm-l6-v2-attentions",
+        vocab_size=30522,
+        description="Light sparse embedding model, which assigns an importance score to each token in the text",
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.09,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="Qdrant/all_miniLM_L6_v2_with_attentions"),
+        model_file="model.onnx",
+        additional_files=["stopwords.txt"],
+        requires_idf=True,
+    ),
 ]
 
-MODEL_TO_LANGUAGE = {
+
+_MODEL_TO_LANGUAGE = {
     "Qdrant/bm42-all-minilm-l6-v2-attentions": "english",
 }
+MODEL_TO_LANGUAGE = {
+    model_name.lower(): language for model_name, language in _MODEL_TO_LANGUAGE.items()
+}
+
+
+def get_language_by_model_name(model_name: str) -> str:
+    return MODEL_TO_LANGUAGE[model_name.lower()]
 
 
 class Bm42(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
@@ -57,11 +66,16 @@ class Bm42(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str,
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
-        threads: Optional[int] = None,
-        providers: Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]] = None,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
         alpha: float = 0.5,
-        **kwargs,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        device_id: int | None = None,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         """
         Args:
@@ -74,72 +88,109 @@ class Bm42(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
             alpha (float, optional): Parameter, that defines the importance of the token weight in the document
                 versus the importance of the token frequency in the corpus. Defaults to 0.5, based on empirical testing.
                 It is recommended to only change this parameter based on training data for a specific dataset.
+            cuda (Union[bool, Device], optional): Whether to use cuda for inference. Mutually exclusive with `providers`
+                Defaults to Device.AUTO.
+            device_ids (Optional[list[int]], optional): The list of device ids to use for data parallel processing in
+                workers. Should be used with `cuda` equals to `True`, `Device.AUTO` or `Device.CUDA`, mutually exclusive
+                with `providers`. Defaults to None.
+            lazy_load (bool, optional): Whether to load the model during class initialization or on demand.
+                Should be set to True when using multiple-gpu and parallel encoding. Defaults to False.
+            device_id (Optional[int], optional): The device id to use for loading the model in the worker process.
+            specific_model_path (Optional[str], optional): The specific path to the onnx model dir if it should be imported from somewhere else
 
         Raises:
             ValueError: If the model_name is not in the format <org>/<model> e.g. BAAI/bge-base-en.
         """
 
         super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)
+        self.providers = providers
+        self.lazy_load = lazy_load
+        self._extra_session_options = self._select_exposed_session_options(kwargs)
 
-        model_description = self._get_model_description(model_name)
-        self.cache_dir = define_cache_dir(cache_dir)
+        # List of device ids, that can be used for data parallel processing in workers
+        self.device_ids = device_ids
+        self.cuda = cuda
 
-        model_dir = self.download_model(
-            model_description, self.cache_dir, local_files_only=self._local_files_only
+        # This device_id will be used if we need to load model in current process
+        self.device_id: int | None = None
+        if device_id is not None:
+            self.device_id = device_id
+        elif self.device_ids is not None:
+            self.device_id = self.device_ids[0]
+
+        self.model_description = self._get_model_description(model_name)
+        self.cache_dir = str(define_cache_dir(cache_dir))
+
+        self._specific_model_path = specific_model_path
+        self._model_dir = self.download_model(
+            self.model_description,
+            self.cache_dir,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
         )
 
-        self.load_onnx_model(
-            model_dir=model_dir,
-            model_file=model_description["model_file"],
-            threads=threads,
-            providers=providers,
-        )
+        self.invert_vocab: dict[int, str] = {}
 
-        self.invert_vocab = {}
-
-        for token, idx in self.tokenizer.get_vocab().items():
-            self.invert_vocab[idx] = token
-
-        self.special_tokens = set(self.special_token_to_id.keys())
-        self.special_tokens_ids = set(self.special_token_to_id.values())
+        self.special_tokens: set[str] = set()
+        self.special_tokens_ids: set[int] = set()
         self.punctuation = set(string.punctuation)
-        self.stopwords = set(self._load_stopwords(model_dir))
-        self.stemmer = get_stemmer(MODEL_TO_LANGUAGE[model_name])
+        self.stopwords = set(self._load_stopwords(self._model_dir))
+        self.stemmer = SnowballStemmer(get_language_by_model_name(self.model_name))
         self.alpha = alpha
 
-    def _filter_pair_tokens(self, tokens: List[Tuple[str, Any]]) -> List[Tuple[str, Any]]:
-        result = []
+        if not self.lazy_load:
+            self.load_onnx_model()
+
+    def load_onnx_model(self) -> None:
+        self._load_onnx_model(
+            model_dir=self._model_dir,
+            model_file=self.model_description.model_file,
+            threads=self.threads,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_id=self.device_id,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
+        )
+
+        for token, idx in self.tokenizer.get_vocab().items():  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            self.invert_vocab[idx] = token
+        self.special_tokens = set(self.special_token_to_id.keys())
+        self.special_tokens_ids = set(self.special_token_to_id.values())
+        self.stopwords = set(self._load_stopwords(self._model_dir))
+
+    def _filter_pair_tokens(self, tokens: list[tuple[str, Any]]) -> list[tuple[str, Any]]:
+        result: list[tuple[str, Any]] = []
         for token, value in tokens:
             if token in self.stopwords or token in self.punctuation:
                 continue
             result.append((token, value))
         return result
 
-    def _stem_pair_tokens(self, tokens: List[Tuple[str, Any]]) -> List[Tuple[str, Any]]:
-        result = []
+    def _stem_pair_tokens(self, tokens: list[tuple[str, Any]]) -> list[tuple[str, Any]]:
+        result: list[tuple[str, Any]] = []
         for token, value in tokens:
-            processed_token = self.stemmer.stemWord(token)
+            processed_token = self.stemmer.stem_word(token)
             result.append((processed_token, value))
         return result
 
     @classmethod
     def _aggregate_weights(
-        cls, tokens: List[Tuple[str, List[int]]], weights: List[float]
-    ) -> List[Tuple[str, float]]:
-        result = []
+        cls, tokens: list[tuple[str, list[int]]], weights: list[float]
+    ) -> list[tuple[str, float]]:
+        result: list[tuple[str, float]] = []
         for token, idxs in tokens:
             sum_weight = sum(weights[idx] for idx in idxs)
             result.append((token, sum_weight))
         return result
 
     def _reconstruct_bpe(
-        self, bpe_tokens: Iterable[Tuple[int, str]]
-    ) -> List[Tuple[str, List[int]]]:
-        result = []
-        acc = ""
-        acc_idx = []
+        self, bpe_tokens: Iterable[tuple[int, str]]
+    ) -> list[tuple[str, list[int]]]:
+        result: list[tuple[str, list[int]]] = []
+        acc: str = ""
+        acc_idx: list[int] = []
 
-        continuing_subword_prefix = self.tokenizer.model.continuing_subword_prefix
+        continuing_subword_prefix = self.tokenizer.model.continuing_subword_prefix  # type: ignore[union-attr]
         continuing_subword_prefix_len = len(continuing_subword_prefix)
 
         for idx, token in bpe_tokens:
@@ -161,13 +212,13 @@ class Bm42(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
 
         return result
 
-    def _rescore_vector(self, vector: Dict[str, float]) -> Dict[int, float]:
+    def _rescore_vector(self, vector: dict[str, float]) -> dict[int, float]:
         """
         Orders all tokens in the vector by their importance and generates a new score based on the importance order.
         So that the scoring doesn't depend on absolute values assigned by the model, but on the relative importance.
         """
 
-        new_vector = {}
+        new_vector: dict[int, float] = {}
 
         for token, value in vector.items():
             token_id = abs(mmh3.hash(token))
@@ -179,8 +230,13 @@ class Bm42(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
 
         return new_vector
 
-    def _post_process_onnx_output(self, output: OnnxOutputContext) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
-        token_ids_batch = output.input_ids
+    def _post_process_onnx_output(
+        self, output: OnnxOutputContext, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
+        if output.input_ids is None:
+            raise ValueError("input_ids must be provided for document post-processing")
+
+        token_ids_batch = output.input_ids.astype(int)
 
         # attention_value shape: (batch_size, num_heads, num_tokens, num_tokens)
         pooled_attention = np.mean(output.model_output[:, :, 0], axis=1) * output.attention_mask
@@ -199,7 +255,7 @@ class Bm42(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
 
             weighted = self._aggregate_weights(stemmed, attention_value)
 
-            max_token_weight = {}
+            max_token_weight: dict[str, float] = {}
 
             for token, weight in weighted:
                 max_token_weight[token] = max(max_token_weight.get(token, 0), weight)
@@ -209,16 +265,16 @@ class Bm42(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
             yield SparseEmbedding.from_dict(rescored)
 
     @classmethod
-    def list_supported_models(cls) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[SparseModelDescription]:
         """Lists the supported models.
 
         Returns:
-            List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+            list[SparseModelDescription]: A list of SparseModelDescription objects containing the model information.
         """
         return supported_bm42_models
 
     @classmethod
-    def _load_stopwords(cls, model_dir: Path) -> List[str]:
+    def _load_stopwords(cls, model_dir: Path) -> list[str]:
         stopwords_path = model_dir / "stopwords.txt"
         if not stopwords_path.exists():
             return []
@@ -228,10 +284,10 @@ class Bm42(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
 
     def embed(
         self,
-        documents: Union[str, Iterable[str]],
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
         batch_size: int = 256,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
         """
         Encode a list of documents into list of embeddings.
@@ -254,18 +310,24 @@ class Bm42(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
             documents=documents,
             batch_size=batch_size,
             parallel=parallel,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_ids=self.device_ids,
             alpha=self.alpha,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def _query_rehash(cls, tokens: Iterable[str]) -> Dict[int, float]:
-        result = {}
+    def _query_rehash(cls, tokens: Iterable[str]) -> dict[int, float]:
+        result: dict[int, float] = {}
         for token in tokens:
             token_id = abs(mmh3.hash(token))
             result[token_id] = 1.0
         return result
 
-    def query_embed(self, query: Union[str, Iterable[str]], **kwargs) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
+    def query_embed(self, query: str | Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
         """
         To emulate BM25 behaviour, we don't need to use smart weights in the query, and
         it's enough to just hash the tokens and assign a weight of 1.0 to them.
@@ -274,8 +336,11 @@ class Bm42(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
         if isinstance(query, str):
             query = [query]
 
+        if not hasattr(self, "model") or self.model is None:
+            self.load_onnx_model()
+
         for text in query:
-            encoded = self.tokenizer.encode(text)
+            encoded = self.tokenizer.encode(text)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
             document_tokens_with_ids = enumerate(encoded.tokens)
             reconstructed = self._reconstruct_bpe(document_tokens_with_ids)
             filtered = self._filter_pair_tokens(reconstructed)
@@ -284,10 +349,21 @@ class Bm42(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
             yield SparseEmbedding.from_dict(self._query_rehash(token for token, _ in stemmed))
 
     @classmethod
-    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[TextEmbeddingWorker]:
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[TextEmbeddingWorker[SparseEmbedding]]:
         return Bm42TextEmbeddingWorker
 
+    def token_count(
+        self, texts: str | Iterable[str], batch_size: int = 1024, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> int:
+        if not hasattr(self, "model") or self.model is None:
+            self.load_onnx_model()  # loads the tokenizer as well
+        return self._token_count(texts, batch_size=batch_size, **kwargs)
 
-class Bm42TextEmbeddingWorker(TextEmbeddingWorker):
-    def init_embedding(self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs) -> Bm42:
-        return Bm42(model_name=model_name, cache_dir=cache_dir, **kwargs)
+
+class Bm42TextEmbeddingWorker(TextEmbeddingWorker[SparseEmbedding]):
+    def init_embedding(self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs: Any) -> Bm42:
+        return Bm42(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            **kwargs,
+        )

fastembed/sparse/minicoil.py

@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from typing import Any, Sequence, Iterable, Type
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.typing import NDArray
+from py_rust_stemmers import SnowballStemmer
+from tokenizers import Tokenizer
+
+from fastembed.common.model_description import SparseModelDescription, ModelSource
+from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
+from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider
+from fastembed.common.types import Device
+from fastembed.common.utils import define_cache_dir
+from fastembed.sparse.sparse_embedding_base import (
+    SparseEmbedding,
+    SparseTextEmbeddingBase,
+)
+from fastembed.sparse.utils.minicoil_encoder import Encoder
+from fastembed.sparse.utils.sparse_vectors_converter import SparseVectorConverter, WordEmbedding
+from fastembed.sparse.utils.vocab_resolver import VocabResolver, VocabTokenizer
+from fastembed.text.onnx_text_model import OnnxTextModel, TextEmbeddingWorker
+
+
+MINICOIL_MODEL_FILE = "minicoil.triplet.model.npy"
+MINICOIL_VOCAB_FILE = "minicoil.triplet.model.vocab"
+STOPWORDS_FILE = "stopwords.txt"
+
+
+supported_minicoil_models: list[SparseModelDescription] = [
+    SparseModelDescription(
+        model="Qdrant/minicoil-v1",
+        vocab_size=19125,
+        description="Sparse embedding model, that resolves semantic meaning of the words, "
+        "while keeping exact keyword match behavior. "
+        "Based on jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-small-en-tokens",
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.09,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="Qdrant/minicoil-v1"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+        additional_files=[
+            STOPWORDS_FILE,
+            MINICOIL_MODEL_FILE,
+            MINICOIL_VOCAB_FILE,
+        ],
+        requires_idf=True,
+    ),
+]
+
+_MODEL_TO_LANGUAGE = {
+    "Qdrant/minicoil-v1": "english",
+}
+MODEL_TO_LANGUAGE = {
+    model_name.lower(): language for model_name, language in _MODEL_TO_LANGUAGE.items()
+}
+
+
+def get_language_by_model_name(model_name: str) -> str:
+    return MODEL_TO_LANGUAGE[model_name.lower()]
+
+
+class MiniCOIL(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
+    """
+        MiniCOIL is a sparse embedding model, that resolves semantic meaning of the words,
+        while keeping exact keyword match behavior.
+
+        Each vocabulary token is converted into 4d component of a sparse vector, which is then weighted by the token frequency in the corpus.
+        If the token is not found in the corpus, it is treated exactly like in BM25.
+    `
+        The model is based on `jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-small-en-tokens`
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        k: float = 1.2,
+        b: float = 0.75,
+        avg_len: float = 150.0,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        device_id: int | None = None,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        """
+        Args:
+            model_name (str): The name of the model to use.
+            cache_dir (str, optional): The path to the cache directory.
+                                       Can be set using the `FASTEMBED_CACHE_PATH` env variable.
+                                       Defaults to `fastembed_cache` in the system's temp directory.
+            threads (int, optional): The number of threads single onnxruntime session can use. Defaults to None.
+            providers (Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]], optional): The providers to use for onnxruntime.
+            k (float, optional): The k parameter in the BM25 formula. Defines the saturation of the term frequency.
+                I.e. defines how fast the moment when additional terms stop to increase the score. Defaults to 1.2.
+            b (float, optional): The b parameter in the BM25 formula. Defines the importance of the document length.
+                Defaults to 0.75.
+            avg_len (float, optional): The average length of the documents in the corpus. Defaults to 150.0.
+            cuda (Union[bool, Device], optional): Whether to use cuda for inference. Mutually exclusive with `providers`
+                Defaults to Device.AUTO.
+            device_ids (Optional[list[int]], optional): The list of device ids to use for data parallel processing in
+                workers. Should be used with `cuda` equals to `True`, `Device.AUTO` or `Device.CUDA`, mutually exclusive
+                with `providers`. Defaults to None.
+            lazy_load (bool, optional): Whether to load the model during class initialization or on demand.
+                Should be set to True when using multiple-gpu and parallel encoding. Defaults to False.
+            device_id (Optional[int], optional): The device id to use for loading the model in the worker process.
+            specific_model_path (Optional[str], optional): The specific path to the onnx model dir if it should be imported from somewhere else
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If the model_name is not in the format <org>/<model> e.g. BAAI/bge-base-en.
+        """
+
+        super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)
+        self.providers = providers
+        self.lazy_load = lazy_load
+        self.device_ids = device_ids
+        self.cuda = cuda
+        self.device_id = device_id
+        self._extra_session_options = self._select_exposed_session_options(kwargs)
+
+        self.k = k
+        self.b = b
+        self.avg_len = avg_len
+
+        # Initialize class attributes
+        self.tokenizer: Tokenizer | None = None
+        self.invert_vocab: dict[int, str] = {}
+        self.special_tokens: set[str] = set()
+        self.special_tokens_ids: set[int] = set()
+        self.stopwords: set[str] = set()
+        self.vocab_resolver: VocabResolver | None = None
+        self.encoder: Encoder | None = None
+        self.output_dim: int | None = None
+        self.sparse_vector_converter: SparseVectorConverter | None = None
+
+        self.model_description = self._get_model_description(model_name)
+        self.cache_dir = str(define_cache_dir(cache_dir))
+        self._specific_model_path = specific_model_path
+        self._model_dir = self.download_model(
+            self.model_description,
+            self.cache_dir,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+        )
+
+        if not self.lazy_load:
+            self.load_onnx_model()
+
+    def load_onnx_model(self) -> None:
+        self._load_onnx_model(
+            model_dir=self._model_dir,
+            model_file=self.model_description.model_file,
+            threads=self.threads,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_id=self.device_id,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
+        )
+
+        assert self.tokenizer is not None
+
+        for token, idx in self.tokenizer.get_vocab().items():  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+            self.invert_vocab[idx] = token
+        self.special_tokens = set(self.special_token_to_id.keys())
+        self.special_tokens_ids = set(self.special_token_to_id.values())
+        self.stopwords = set(self._load_stopwords(self._model_dir))
+
+        stemmer = SnowballStemmer(get_language_by_model_name(self.model_name))
+
+        self.vocab_resolver = VocabResolver(
+            tokenizer=VocabTokenizer(self.tokenizer),
+            stopwords=self.stopwords,
+            stemmer=stemmer,
+        )
+        self.vocab_resolver.load_json_vocab(str(self._model_dir / MINICOIL_VOCAB_FILE))
+
+        weights = np.load(str(self._model_dir / MINICOIL_MODEL_FILE), mmap_mode="r")
+        self.encoder = Encoder(weights)
+        self.output_dim = self.encoder.output_dim
+
+        self.sparse_vector_converter = SparseVectorConverter(
+            stopwords=self.stopwords,
+            stemmer=stemmer,
+            k=self.k,
+            b=self.b,
+            avg_len=self.avg_len,
+        )
+
+    def token_count(
+        self, texts: str | Iterable[str], batch_size: int = 1024, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> int:
+        return self._token_count(texts, batch_size=batch_size, **kwargs)
+
+    def embed(
+        self,
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 256,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
+        """
+        Encode a list of documents into list of embeddings.
+        We use mean pooling with attention so that the model can handle variable-length inputs.
+
+        Args:
+            documents: Iterator of documents or single document to embed
+            batch_size: Batch size for encoding -- higher values will use more memory, but be faster
+            parallel:
+                If > 1, data-parallel encoding will be used, recommended for offline encoding of large datasets.
+                If 0, use all available cores.
+                If None, don't use data-parallel processing, use default onnxruntime threading instead.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of embeddings, one per document
+        """
+        yield from self._embed_documents(
+            model_name=self.model_name,
+            cache_dir=str(self.cache_dir),
+            documents=documents,
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            parallel=parallel,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_ids=self.device_ids,
+            k=self.k,
+            b=self.b,
+            avg_len=self.avg_len,
+            is_query=False,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def query_embed(self, query: str | Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
+        """
+        Encode a list of queries into list of embeddings.
+        """
+        yield from self._embed_documents(
+            model_name=self.model_name,
+            cache_dir=str(self.cache_dir),
+            documents=query,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_ids=self.device_ids,
+            k=self.k,
+            b=self.b,
+            avg_len=self.avg_len,
+            is_query=True,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _load_stopwords(cls, model_dir: Path) -> list[str]:
+        stopwords_path = model_dir / STOPWORDS_FILE
+        if not stopwords_path.exists():
+            return []
+
+        with open(stopwords_path, "r") as f:
+            return f.read().splitlines()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[SparseModelDescription]:
+        """Lists the supported models.
+
+        Returns:
+            list[SparseModelDescription]: A list of SparseModelDescription objects containing the model information.
+        """
+        return supported_minicoil_models
+
+    def _post_process_onnx_output(
+        self, output: OnnxOutputContext, is_query: bool = False, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
+        if output.input_ids is None:
+            raise ValueError("input_ids must be provided for document post-processing")
+
+        assert self.vocab_resolver is not None
+        assert self.encoder is not None
+        assert self.sparse_vector_converter is not None
+
+        # Size: (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)
+        embeddings = output.model_output
+        # Size: (batch_size, sequence_length)
+        assert output.attention_mask is not None
+        masks = output.attention_mask
+
+        vocab_size = self.vocab_resolver.vocab_size()
+        embedding_size = self.encoder.output_dim
+
+        # For each document we only select those embeddings that are not masked out
+
+        for i in range(embeddings.shape[0]):
+            # Size: (sequence_length, hidden_size)
+            token_embeddings = embeddings[i, masks[i] == 1]
+
+            # Size: (sequence_length)
+            token_ids: NDArray[np.int64] = output.input_ids[i, masks[i] == 1]
+
+            word_ids_array, counts, oov, forms = self.vocab_resolver.resolve_tokens(token_ids)
+
+            # Size: (1, words)
+            word_ids_array_expanded: NDArray[np.int64] = np.expand_dims(word_ids_array, axis=0)
+
+            # Size: (1, words, embedding_size)
+            token_embeddings_array: NDArray[np.float32] = np.expand_dims(token_embeddings, axis=0)
+
+            assert word_ids_array_expanded.shape[1] == token_embeddings_array.shape[1]
+
+            # Size of word_ids_mapping: (unique_words, 2) - [vocab_id, batch_id]
+            # Size of embeddings: (unique_words, embedding_size)
+            ids_mapping, minicoil_embeddings = self.encoder.forward(
+                word_ids_array_expanded, token_embeddings_array
+            )
+
+            # Size of counts: (unique_words)
+            words_ids: list[int] = ids_mapping[:, 0].tolist()  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+            sentence_result: dict[str, WordEmbedding] = {}
+
+            words = [self.vocab_resolver.lookup_word(word_id) for word_id in words_ids]
+
+            for word, word_id, emb in zip(words, words_ids, minicoil_embeddings.tolist()):  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                if word_id == 0:
+                    continue
+
+                sentence_result[word] = WordEmbedding(
+                    word=word,
+                    forms=forms[word],
+                    count=int(counts[word_id]),
+                    word_id=int(word_id),
+                    embedding=emb,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+                )
+
+            for oov_word, count in oov.items():
+                # {
+                #     "word": oov_word,
+                #     "forms": [oov_word],
+                #     "count": int(count),
+                #     "word_id": -1,
+                #     "embedding": [1]
+                # }
+                sentence_result[oov_word] = WordEmbedding(
+                    word=oov_word, forms=[oov_word], count=int(count), word_id=-1, embedding=[1]
+                )
+
+            if not is_query:
+                yield self.sparse_vector_converter.embedding_to_vector(
+                    sentence_result, vocab_size=vocab_size, embedding_size=embedding_size
+                )
+            else:
+                yield self.sparse_vector_converter.embedding_to_vector_query(
+                    sentence_result, vocab_size=vocab_size, embedding_size=embedding_size
+                )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type["MiniCoilTextEmbeddingWorker"]:
+        return MiniCoilTextEmbeddingWorker
+
+
+class MiniCoilTextEmbeddingWorker(TextEmbeddingWorker[SparseEmbedding]):
+    def init_embedding(self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs: Any) -> MiniCOIL:
+        return MiniCOIL(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
+        )

fastembed/sparse/sparse_embedding_base.py

@@ -1,40 +1,43 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Dict, Iterable, Optional, Union
+from typing import Iterable, Any
 
 import numpy as np
+from numpy.typing import NDArray
 
+from fastembed.common.model_description import SparseModelDescription
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
 from fastembed.common.model_management import ModelManagement
 
 
 @dataclass
 class SparseEmbedding:
-    values: np.ndarray
-    indices: np.ndarray
+    values: NumpyArray
+    indices: NDArray[np.int64] | NDArray[np.int32]
 
-    def as_object(self) -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]:
+    def as_object(self) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
         return {
             "values": self.values,
             "indices": self.indices,
         }
 
-    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[int, float]:
-        return {i: v for i, v in zip(self.indices, self.values)}
+    def as_dict(self) -> dict[int, float]:
+        return {int(i): float(v) for i, v in zip(self.indices, self.values)}  # type: ignore
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_dict(cls, data: Dict[int, float]) -> "SparseEmbedding":
+    def from_dict(cls, data: dict[int, float]) -> "SparseEmbedding":
         if len(data) == 0:
             return cls(values=np.array([]), indices=np.array([]))
         indices, values = zip(*data.items())
         return cls(values=np.array(values), indices=np.array(indices))
 
 
-class SparseTextEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement):
+class SparseTextEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement[SparseModelDescription]):
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str,
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
-        threads: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         self.model_name = model_name
         self.cache_dir = cache_dir
@@ -43,16 +46,14 @@ class SparseTextEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement):
 
     def embed(
         self,
-        documents: Union[str, Iterable[str]],
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
         batch_size: int = 256,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    def passage_embed(
-        self, texts: Iterable[str], **kwargs
-    ) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
+    def passage_embed(self, texts: Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
         """
         Embeds a list of text passages into a list of embeddings.
 
@@ -67,9 +68,7 @@ class SparseTextEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement):
         # This is model-specific, so that different models can have specialized implementations
         yield from self.embed(texts, **kwargs)
 
-    def query_embed(
-        self, query: Union[str, Iterable[str]], **kwargs
-    ) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
+    def query_embed(self, query: str | Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
         """
         Embeds queries
 
@@ -83,5 +82,9 @@ class SparseTextEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement):
         # This is model-specific, so that different models can have specialized implementations
         if isinstance(query, str):
             yield from self.embed([query], **kwargs)
-        if isinstance(query, Iterable):
+        else:
             yield from self.embed(query, **kwargs)
+
+    def token_count(self, texts: str | Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> int:
+        """Returns the number of tokens in the texts."""
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")

fastembed/sparse/sparse_text_embedding.py

@@ -1,26 +1,30 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Type, Union
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
+from dataclasses import asdict
 
 from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider
+from fastembed.common.types import Device
 from fastembed.sparse.bm25 import Bm25
 from fastembed.sparse.bm42 import Bm42
+from fastembed.sparse.minicoil import MiniCOIL
 from fastembed.sparse.sparse_embedding_base import (
     SparseEmbedding,
     SparseTextEmbeddingBase,
 )
 from fastembed.sparse.splade_pp import SpladePP
 import warnings
+from fastembed.common.model_description import SparseModelDescription
 
 
 class SparseTextEmbedding(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
-    EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY: List[Type[SparseTextEmbeddingBase]] = [SpladePP, Bm42, Bm25]
+    EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY: list[Type[SparseTextEmbeddingBase]] = [SpladePP, Bm42, Bm25, MiniCOIL]
 
     @classmethod
-    def list_supported_models(cls) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def list_supported_models(cls) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         """
         Lists the supported models.
 
         Returns:
-            List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+            list[dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
 
             Example:
                 ```
@@ -29,6 +33,7 @@ class SparseTextEmbedding(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
                         "model": "prithvida/SPLADE_PP_en_v1",
                         "vocab_size": 30522,
                         "description": "Independent Implementation of SPLADE++ Model for English",
+                        "license": "apache-2.0",
                         "size_in_GB": 0.532,
                         "sources": {
                             "hf": "qdrant/SPLADE_PP_en_v1",
@@ -37,36 +42,47 @@ class SparseTextEmbedding(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
                 ]
                 ```
         """
-        result = []
+        return [asdict(model) for model in cls._list_supported_models()]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[SparseModelDescription]:
+        result: list[SparseModelDescription] = []
         for embedding in cls.EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY:
-            result.extend(embedding.list_supported_models())
+            result.extend(embedding._list_supported_models())
         return result
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str,
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
-        threads: Optional[int] = None,
-        providers: Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)
-        if model_name == "prithvida/Splade_PP_en_v1":
+        if model_name.lower() == "prithvida/Splade_PP_en_v1".lower():
             warnings.warn(
                 "The right spelling is prithivida/Splade_PP_en_v1. "
                 "Support of this name will be removed soon, please fix the model_name",
                 DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
             )
             model_name = "prithivida/Splade_PP_en_v1"
 
         for EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE in self.EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY:
-            supported_models = EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE.list_supported_models()
-            if any(model_name.lower() == model["model"].lower() for model in supported_models):
+            supported_models = EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE._list_supported_models()
+            if any(model_name.lower() == model.model.lower() for model in supported_models):
                 self.model = EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE(
                     model_name,
                     cache_dir,
                     threads=threads,
                     providers=providers,
+                    cuda=cuda,
+                    device_ids=device_ids,
+                    lazy_load=lazy_load,
                     **kwargs,
                 )
                 return
@@ -78,10 +94,10 @@ class SparseTextEmbedding(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
 
     def embed(
         self,
-        documents: Union[str, Iterable[str]],
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
         batch_size: int = 256,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
         """
         Encode a list of documents into list of embeddings.
@@ -100,7 +116,7 @@ class SparseTextEmbedding(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
         """
         yield from self.model.embed(documents, batch_size, parallel, **kwargs)
 
-    def query_embed(self, query: Union[str, Iterable[str]], **kwargs) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
+    def query_embed(self, query: str | Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
         """
         Embeds queries
 
@@ -111,3 +127,17 @@ class SparseTextEmbedding(SparseTextEmbeddingBase):
             Iterable[SparseEmbedding]: The sparse embeddings.
         """
         yield from self.model.query_embed(query, **kwargs)
+
+    def token_count(
+        self, texts: str | Iterable[str], batch_size: int = 1024, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> int:
+        """Returns the number of tokens in the texts.
+
+        Args:
+            texts (str | Iterable[str]): The list of texts to embed.
+            batch_size (int): Batch size for encoding
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Sum of number of tokens in the texts.
+        """
+        return self.model.token_count(texts, batch_size=batch_size, **kwargs)

fastembed/sparse/splade_pp.py

@@ -1,31 +1,46 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Type, Union
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
 
 import numpy as np
 from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider
 from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
+from fastembed.common.types import Device
 from fastembed.common.utils import define_cache_dir
 from fastembed.sparse.sparse_embedding_base import (
     SparseEmbedding,
     SparseTextEmbeddingBase,
 )
 from fastembed.text.onnx_text_model import OnnxTextModel, TextEmbeddingWorker
+from fastembed.common.model_description import SparseModelDescription, ModelSource
 
-supported_splade_models = [
-    {
-        "model": "prithivida/Splade_PP_en_v1",
-        "vocab_size": 30522,
-        "description": "Independent Implementation of SPLADE++ Model for English",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.532,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "Qdrant/SPLADE_PP_en_v1",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model.onnx",
-    },
+supported_splade_models: list[SparseModelDescription] = [
+    SparseModelDescription(
+        model="prithivida/Splade_PP_en_v1",
+        vocab_size=30522,
+        description="Independent Implementation of SPLADE++ Model for English.",
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.532,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="Qdrant/Splade_PP_en_v1"),
+        model_file="model.onnx",
+    ),
+    SparseModelDescription(
+        model="prithvida/Splade_PP_en_v1",
+        vocab_size=30522,
+        description="Independent Implementation of SPLADE++ Model for English.",
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.532,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="Qdrant/Splade_PP_en_v1"),
+        model_file="model.onnx",
+    ),
 ]
 
 
 class SpladePP(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
-    def _post_process_onnx_output(self, output: OnnxOutputContext) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
+    def _post_process_onnx_output(
+        self, output: OnnxOutputContext, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
+        if output.attention_mask is None:
+            raise ValueError("attention_mask must be provided for document post-processing")
+
         relu_log = np.log(1 + np.maximum(output.model_output, 0))
 
         weighted_log = relu_log * np.expand_dims(output.attention_mask, axis=-1)
@@ -39,22 +54,32 @@ class SpladePP(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
             scores = row_scores[indices]
             yield SparseEmbedding(values=scores, indices=indices)
 
+    def token_count(
+        self, texts: str | Iterable[str], batch_size: int = 1024, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> int:
+        return self._token_count(texts, batch_size=batch_size, **kwargs)
+
     @classmethod
-    def list_supported_models(cls) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[SparseModelDescription]:
         """Lists the supported models.
 
         Returns:
-            List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+            list[SparseModelDescription]: A list of SparseModelDescription objects containing the model information.
         """
         return supported_splade_models
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str,
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
-        threads: Optional[int] = None,
-        providers: Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        device_id: int | None = None,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         """
         Args:
@@ -63,32 +88,68 @@ class SpladePP(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
                                        Can be set using the `FASTEMBED_CACHE_PATH` env variable.
                                        Defaults to `fastembed_cache` in the system's temp directory.
             threads (int, optional): The number of threads single onnxruntime session can use. Defaults to None.
+            providers (Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]], optional): The list of onnxruntime providers to use.
+                Mutually exclusive with the `cuda` and `device_ids` arguments. Defaults to None.
+            cuda (Union[bool, Device], optional): Whether to use cuda for inference. Mutually exclusive with `providers`
+                Defaults to Device.
+            device_ids (Optional[list[int]], optional): The list of device ids to use for data parallel processing in
+                workers. Should be used with `cuda` equals to `True`, `Device.AUTO` or `Device.CUDA`, mutually exclusive
+                with `providers`. Defaults to None.
+            lazy_load (bool, optional): Whether to load the model during class initialization or on demand.
+                Should be set to True when using multiple-gpu and parallel encoding. Defaults to False.
+            device_id (Optional[int], optional): The device id to use for loading the model in the worker process.
+            specific_model_path (Optional[str], optional): The specific path to the onnx model dir if it should be imported from somewhere else
 
         Raises:
             ValueError: If the model_name is not in the format <org>/<model> e.g. BAAI/bge-base-en.
         """
         super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)
+        self.providers = providers
+        self.lazy_load = lazy_load
+        self._extra_session_options = self._select_exposed_session_options(kwargs)
 
-        model_description = self._get_model_description(model_name)
-        self.cache_dir = define_cache_dir(cache_dir)
+        # List of device ids, that can be used for data parallel processing in workers
+        self.device_ids = device_ids
+        self.cuda = cuda
 
-        model_dir = self.download_model(
-            model_description, self.cache_dir, local_files_only=self._local_files_only
+        # This device_id will be used if we need to load model in current process
+        self.device_id: int | None = None
+        if device_id is not None:
+            self.device_id = device_id
+        elif self.device_ids is not None:
+            self.device_id = self.device_ids[0]
+
+        self.model_description = self._get_model_description(model_name)
+        self.cache_dir = str(define_cache_dir(cache_dir))
+
+        self._specific_model_path = specific_model_path
+        self._model_dir = self.download_model(
+            self.model_description,
+            self.cache_dir,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
         )
 
-        self.load_onnx_model(
-            model_dir=model_dir,
-            model_file=model_description["model_file"],
-            threads=threads,
-            providers=providers,
+        if not self.lazy_load:
+            self.load_onnx_model()
+
+    def load_onnx_model(self) -> None:
+        self._load_onnx_model(
+            model_dir=self._model_dir,
+            model_file=self.model_description.model_file,
+            threads=self.threads,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_id=self.device_id,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
         )
 
     def embed(
         self,
-        documents: Union[str, Iterable[str]],
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
         batch_size: int = 256,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Iterable[SparseEmbedding]:
         """
         Encode a list of documents into list of embeddings.
@@ -111,13 +172,25 @@ class SpladePP(SparseTextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[SparseEmbedding]):
             documents=documents,
             batch_size=batch_size,
             parallel=parallel,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_ids=self.device_ids,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
+            **kwargs,
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[TextEmbeddingWorker]:
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[TextEmbeddingWorker[SparseEmbedding]]:
         return SpladePPEmbeddingWorker
 
 
-class SpladePPEmbeddingWorker(TextEmbeddingWorker):
-    def init_embedding(self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs) -> SpladePP:
-        return SpladePP(model_name=model_name, cache_dir=cache_dir, threads=1, **kwargs)
+class SpladePPEmbeddingWorker(TextEmbeddingWorker[SparseEmbedding]):
+    def init_embedding(self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs: Any) -> SpladePP:
+        return SpladePP(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
+        )

fastembed/sparse/utils/minicoil_encoder.py

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+"""
+Pure numpy implementation of encoder model for a single word.
+
+This model is not trainable, and should only be used for inference.
+"""
+
+import numpy as np
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
+
+
+class Encoder:
+    """
+    Encoder(768, 4, 10000)
+
+    Will look like this:
+
+
+                                         Per-word
+                                         Encoder Matrix
+     ┌─────────────────────┐
+     │ Token Embedding(768)├──────┐      (10k, 768, 4)
+     └─────────────────────┘      │         ┌─────────┐
+                                  │         │         │
+     ┌─────────────────────┐      │       ┌─┴───────┐ │
+     │                     │      │       │         │ │
+     └─────────────────────┘      │     ┌─┴───────┐ │ │      ┌─────────┐
+                                  └────►│         │ │ ├─────►│Tanh     │
+     ┌─────────────────────┐            │         │ │ │      └─────────┘
+     │                     │            │         │ ├─┘
+     └─────────────────────┘            │         ├─┘
+                                        │         │
+     ┌─────────────────────┐            └─────────┘
+     │                     │
+     └─────────────────────┘
+
+     Final linear transformation is accompanied by a non-linear activation function: Tanh.
+
+     Tanh is used to ensure that the output is in the range [-1, 1].
+     It would be easier to visually interpret the output of the model, assuming that each dimension
+     would need to encode a type of semantic cluster.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        weights: NumpyArray,
+    ):
+        self.weights = weights
+        self.vocab_size, self.input_dim, self.output_dim = weights.shape
+
+        self.encoder_weights: NumpyArray = weights
+
+        # Activation function
+        self.activation = np.tanh
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def convert_vocab_ids(vocab_ids: NumpyArray) -> NumpyArray:
+        """
+        Convert vocab_ids of shape (batch_size, seq_len) into (batch_size, seq_len, 2)
+        by appending batch_id alongside each vocab_id.
+        """
+        batch_size, seq_len = vocab_ids.shape
+        batch_ids = np.arange(batch_size, dtype=vocab_ids.dtype).reshape(batch_size, 1)
+        batch_ids = np.repeat(batch_ids, seq_len, axis=1)
+        # Stack vocab_ids and batch_ids along the last dimension
+        combined: NumpyArray = np.stack((vocab_ids, batch_ids), axis=2).astype(np.int32)
+        return combined
+
+    @classmethod
+    def avg_by_vocab_ids(
+        cls, vocab_ids: NumpyArray, embeddings: NumpyArray
+    ) -> tuple[NumpyArray, NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Takes:
+            vocab_ids: (batch_size, seq_len) int array
+            embeddings: (batch_size, seq_len, input_dim) float array
+
+        Returns:
+            unique_flattened_vocab_ids: (total_unique, 2) array of [vocab_id, batch_id]
+            unique_flattened_embeddings: (total_unique, input_dim) averaged embeddings
+        """
+        input_dim = embeddings.shape[2]
+
+        # Flatten vocab_ids and embeddings
+        # flattened_vocab_ids: (batch_size*seq_len, 2)
+        flattened_vocab_ids = cls.convert_vocab_ids(vocab_ids).reshape(-1, 2)
+
+        # flattened_embeddings: (batch_size*seq_len, input_dim)
+        flattened_embeddings = embeddings.reshape(-1, input_dim)
+
+        # Find unique (vocab_id, batch_id) pairs
+        unique_flattened_vocab_ids, inverse_indices = np.unique(
+            flattened_vocab_ids, axis=0, return_inverse=True
+        )
+
+        # Prepare arrays to accumulate sums
+        unique_count = unique_flattened_vocab_ids.shape[0]
+        unique_flattened_embeddings = np.zeros((unique_count, input_dim), dtype=np.float32)
+        unique_flattened_count = np.zeros(unique_count, dtype=np.int32)
+
+        # Use np.add.at to accumulate sums based on inverse indices
+        np.add.at(unique_flattened_embeddings, inverse_indices, flattened_embeddings)
+        np.add.at(unique_flattened_count, inverse_indices, 1)
+
+        # Compute averages
+        unique_flattened_embeddings /= unique_flattened_count[:, None]
+
+        return unique_flattened_vocab_ids.astype(np.int32), unique_flattened_embeddings.astype(
+            np.float32
+        )
+
+    def forward(
+        self, vocab_ids: NumpyArray, embeddings: NumpyArray
+    ) -> tuple[NumpyArray, NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Args:
+            vocab_ids: (batch_size, seq_len) int array
+            embeddings: (batch_size, seq_len, input_dim) float array
+
+        Returns:
+            unique_flattened_vocab_ids_and_batch_ids: (total_unique, 2)
+            unique_flattened_encoded: (total_unique, output_dim)
+        """
+        # Average embeddings for duplicate vocab_ids
+        unique_flattened_vocab_ids_and_batch_ids, unique_flattened_embeddings = (
+            self.avg_by_vocab_ids(vocab_ids, embeddings)
+        )
+
+        # Select the encoder weights for each unique vocab_id
+        unique_flattened_vocab_ids = unique_flattened_vocab_ids_and_batch_ids[:, 0].astype(
+            np.int32
+        )
+
+        # unique_encoder_weights: (total_unique, input_dim, output_dim)
+        unique_encoder_weights = self.encoder_weights[unique_flattened_vocab_ids]
+
+        # Compute linear transform: (total_unique, output_dim)
+        # Using Einstein summation for matrix multiplication:
+        # 'bi,bio->bo' means: for each "b" (batch element), multiply embeddings (b,i) by weights (b,i,o) -> (b,o)
+        unique_flattened_encoded = np.einsum(
+            "bi,bio->bo", unique_flattened_embeddings, unique_encoder_weights
+        )
+
+        # Apply Tanh activation and ensure float32 type
+        unique_flattened_encoded = self.activation(unique_flattened_encoded).astype(np.float32)
+
+        return unique_flattened_vocab_ids_and_batch_ids.astype(np.int32), unique_flattened_encoded

fastembed/sparse/utils/sparse_vectors_converter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+import copy
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+import mmh3
+import numpy as np
+from py_rust_stemmers import SnowballStemmer
+
+from fastembed.common.utils import get_all_punctuation, remove_non_alphanumeric
+from fastembed.sparse.sparse_embedding_base import SparseEmbedding
+
+GAP = 32000
+INT32_MAX = 2**31 - 1
+
+
+@dataclass
+class WordEmbedding:
+    word: str
+    forms: list[str]
+    count: int
+    word_id: int
+    embedding: list[float]
+
+
+class SparseVectorConverter:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        stopwords: set[str],
+        stemmer: SnowballStemmer,
+        k: float = 1.2,
+        b: float = 0.75,
+        avg_len: float = 150.0,
+    ):
+        punctuation = set(get_all_punctuation())
+        special_tokens = {"[CLS]", "[SEP]", "[PAD]", "[UNK]", "[MASK]"}
+
+        self.stemmer = stemmer
+        self.unwanted_tokens = punctuation | special_tokens | stopwords
+
+        self.k = k
+        self.b = b
+        self.avg_len = avg_len
+
+    @classmethod
+    def unkn_word_token_id(
+        cls, word: str, shift: int
+    ) -> int:  # 2-3 words can collide in 1 index with this mapping, not considering mm3 collisions
+        token_hash = abs(mmh3.hash(word))
+
+        range_size = INT32_MAX - shift
+        remapped_hash = shift + (token_hash % range_size)
+
+        return remapped_hash
+
+    def bm25_tf(self, num_occurrences: int, sentence_len: int) -> float:
+        res = num_occurrences * (self.k + 1)
+        res /= num_occurrences + self.k * (1 - self.b + self.b * sentence_len / self.avg_len)
+        return res
+
+    @classmethod
+    def normalize_vector(cls, vector: list[float]) -> list[float]:
+        norm = sum([x**2 for x in vector]) ** 0.5
+        if norm < 1e-8:
+            return vector
+        return [x / norm for x in vector]
+
+    def clean_words(
+        self, sentence_embedding: dict[str, WordEmbedding], token_max_length: int = 40
+    ) -> dict[str, WordEmbedding]:
+        """
+        Clean miniCOIL-produced sentence_embedding, as unknown to the miniCOIL's stemmer tokens should fully resemble
+        our BM25 token representation.
+
+        sentence_embedding = {"9°": {"word": "9°", "word_id": -1, "count": 2, "embedding": [1], "forms": ["9°"]},
+                "9": {"word": "9", "word_id": -1, "count": 2, "embedding": [1], "forms": ["9"]},
+                "bat": {"word": "bat", "word_id": 2, "count": 3, "embedding": [0.2, 0.1, -0.2, -0.2], "forms": ["bats", "bat"]},
+                "9°9": {"word": "9°9", "word_id": -1, "count": 1, "embedding": [1], "forms": ["9°9"]},
+                "screech": {"word": "screech", "word_id": -1, "count": 1, "embedding": [1], "forms": ["screech"]},
+                "screeched": {"word": "screeched", "word_id": -1, "count": 1, "embedding": [1], "forms": ["screeched"]}
+                }
+        cleaned_embedding_ground_truth = {
+                "9": {"word": "9", "word_id": -1, "count": 6, "embedding": [1], "forms": ["9°", "9", "9°9", "9°9"]},
+                "bat": {"word": "bat", "word_id": 2, "count": 3, "embedding": [0.2, 0.1, -0.2, -0.2], "forms": ["bats", "bat"]},
+                "screech": {"word": "screech", "word_id": -1, "count": 2, "embedding": [1], "forms": ["screech", "screeched"]}
+                }
+        """
+
+        new_sentence_embedding: dict[str, WordEmbedding] = {}
+
+        for word, embedding in sentence_embedding.items():
+            # embedding = {
+            #     "word": "vector",
+            #     "forms": ["vector", "vectors"],
+            #     "count": 2,
+            #     "word_id": 1231,
+            #     "embedding": [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4]
+            # }
+            if embedding.word_id > 0:
+                # Known word, no need to clean
+                new_sentence_embedding[word] = embedding
+            else:
+                # Unknown word
+                if word in self.unwanted_tokens:
+                    continue
+
+                # Example complex word split:
+                # word = `word^vec`
+                word_cleaned = remove_non_alphanumeric(word).strip()
+                # word_cleaned = `word vec`
+
+                if len(word_cleaned) > 0:
+                    # Subwords: ['word', 'vec']
+                    for subword in word_cleaned.split():
+                        stemmed_subword: str = self.stemmer.stem_word(subword)
+                        if (
+                            len(stemmed_subword) <= token_max_length
+                            and stemmed_subword not in self.unwanted_tokens
+                        ):
+                            if stemmed_subword not in new_sentence_embedding:
+                                new_sentence_embedding[stemmed_subword] = copy.deepcopy(embedding)
+                                new_sentence_embedding[stemmed_subword].word = stemmed_subword
+                            else:
+                                new_sentence_embedding[stemmed_subword].count += embedding.count
+                                new_sentence_embedding[stemmed_subword].forms += embedding.forms
+
+        return new_sentence_embedding
+
+    def embedding_to_vector(
+        self,
+        sentence_embedding: dict[str, WordEmbedding],
+        embedding_size: int,
+        vocab_size: int,
+    ) -> SparseEmbedding:
+        """
+        Convert miniCOIL sentence embedding to Qdrant sparse vector
+
+        Example input:
+
+        ```
+        {
+            "vector": WordEmbedding({ // Vocabulary word, encoded with miniCOIL normally
+                "word": "vector",
+                "forms": ["vector", "vectors"],
+                "count": 2,
+                "word_id": 1231,
+                "embedding": [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4]
+            }),
+            "axiotic": WordEmbedding({ // Out-of-vocabulary word, fallback to BM25
+                "word": "axiotic",
+                "forms": ["axiotics"],
+                "count": 1,
+                "word_id": -1,
+            })
+        }
+        ```
+
+        """
+
+        indices: list[int] = []
+        values: list[float] = []
+
+        # Example:
+        # vocab_size = 10000
+        # embedding_size = 4
+        # GAP = 32000
+        #
+        # We want to start random words section from the bucket, that is guaranteed to not
+        # include any vocab words.
+        # We need (vocab_size * embedding_size) slots for vocab words.
+        # Therefore we need (vocab_size * embedding_size) // GAP + 1 buckets for vocab words.
+        # Therefore, we can start random words from bucket (vocab_size * embedding_size) // GAP + 1 + 1
+
+        # ID at which the scope of OOV words starts
+        unknown_words_shift = ((vocab_size * embedding_size) // GAP + 2) * GAP
+        sentence_embedding_cleaned = self.clean_words(sentence_embedding)
+
+        # Calculate sentence length after cleaning
+        sentence_len = 0
+        for embedding in sentence_embedding_cleaned.values():
+            sentence_len += embedding.count
+
+        for embedding in sentence_embedding_cleaned.values():
+            word_id = embedding.word_id
+            num_occurrences = embedding.count
+            tf = self.bm25_tf(num_occurrences, sentence_len)
+            if (
+                word_id > 0
+            ):  # miniCOIL starts with ID 1, we generally won't have word_id == 0 (UNK), as we don't add
+                # these words to sentence_embedding
+                embedding_values = embedding.embedding
+                normalized_embedding = self.normalize_vector(embedding_values)
+
+                for val_id, value in enumerate(normalized_embedding):
+                    indices.append(
+                        word_id * embedding_size + val_id
+                    )  # since miniCOIL IDs start with 1
+                    values.append(value * tf)
+            else:
+                indices.append(self.unkn_word_token_id(embedding.word, unknown_words_shift))
+                values.append(tf)
+
+        return SparseEmbedding(
+            indices=np.array(indices, dtype=np.int32),
+            values=np.array(values, dtype=np.float32),
+        )
+
+    def embedding_to_vector_query(
+        self,
+        sentence_embedding: dict[str, WordEmbedding],
+        embedding_size: int,
+        vocab_size: int,
+    ) -> SparseEmbedding:
+        """
+        Same as `embedding_to_vector`, but no TF
+        """
+
+        indices: list[int] = []
+        values: list[float] = []
+
+        # ID at which the scope of OOV words starts
+        unknown_words_shift = ((vocab_size * embedding_size) // GAP + 2) * GAP
+
+        sentence_embedding_cleaned = self.clean_words(sentence_embedding)
+
+        for embedding in sentence_embedding_cleaned.values():
+            word_id = embedding.word_id
+            tf = 1.0
+
+            if word_id >= 0:  # miniCOIL starts with ID 1
+                embedding_values = embedding.embedding
+                normalized_embedding = self.normalize_vector(embedding_values)
+
+                for val_id, value in enumerate(normalized_embedding):
+                    indices.append(
+                        word_id * embedding_size + val_id
+                    )  # since miniCOIL IDs start with 1
+                    values.append(value * tf)
+            else:
+                indices.append(self.unkn_word_token_id(embedding.word, unknown_words_shift))
+                values.append(tf)
+
+        return SparseEmbedding(
+            indices=np.array(indices, dtype=np.int32),
+            values=np.array(values, dtype=np.float32),
+        )

fastembed/sparse/utils/tokenizer.py

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
 # This code is a modified copy of the `NLTKWordTokenizer` class from `NLTK` library.
 
 import re
-from typing import List
+
+
+class SimpleTokenizer:
+    @staticmethod
+    def tokenize(text: str) -> list[str]:
+        text = re.sub(r"[^\w]", " ", text.lower())
+        text = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text)
+
+        return text.strip().split()
 
 
 class WordTokenizer:
@@ -68,12 +76,11 @@ class WordTokenizer:
         )
     ]
     CONTRACTIONS3 = [
-        re.compile(pattern)
-        for pattern in (r"(?i) ('t)(?#X)(is)\b", r"(?i) ('t)(?#X)(was)\b")
+        re.compile(pattern) for pattern in (r"(?i) ('t)(?#X)(is)\b", r"(?i) ('t)(?#X)(was)\b")
     ]
 
     @classmethod
-    def tokenize(cls, text: str) -> List[str]:
+    def tokenize(cls, text: str) -> list[str]:
         """Return a tokenized copy of `text`.
 
         >>> s = '''Good muffins cost $3.88 (roughly 3,36 euros)\nin New York.'''

fastembed/sparse/utils/vocab_resolver.py

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+from collections import defaultdict
+from typing import Iterable
+
+from py_rust_stemmers import SnowballStemmer
+import numpy as np
+from tokenizers import Tokenizer
+from numpy.typing import NDArray
+
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
+
+
+class VocabTokenizerBase:
+    def tokenize(self, sentence: str) -> NumpyArray:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def convert_ids_to_tokens(self, token_ids: NumpyArray) -> list[str]:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class VocabTokenizer(VocabTokenizerBase):
+    def __init__(self, tokenizer: Tokenizer):
+        self.tokenizer = tokenizer
+
+    def tokenize(self, sentence: str) -> NumpyArray:
+        return np.array(self.tokenizer.encode(sentence).ids)
+
+    def convert_ids_to_tokens(self, token_ids: NumpyArray) -> list[str]:
+        return [self.tokenizer.id_to_token(token_id) for token_id in token_ids]
+
+
+class VocabResolver:
+    def __init__(self, tokenizer: VocabTokenizerBase, stopwords: set[str], stemmer: SnowballStemmer):
+        # Word to id mapping
+        self.vocab: dict[str, int] = {}
+        # Id to word mapping
+        self.words: list[str] = []
+        # Lemma to word mapping
+        self.stem_mapping: dict[str, str] = {}
+        self.tokenizer: VocabTokenizerBase = tokenizer
+        self.stemmer = stemmer
+        self.stopwords: set[str] = stopwords
+
+    def tokenize(self, sentence: str) -> NumpyArray:
+        return self.tokenizer.tokenize(sentence)
+
+    def lookup_word(self, word_id: int) -> str:
+        if word_id == 0:
+            return "UNK"
+        return self.words[word_id - 1]
+
+    def convert_ids_to_tokens(self, token_ids: NumpyArray) -> list[str]:
+        return self.tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(token_ids)
+
+    def vocab_size(self) -> int:
+        # We need +1 for UNK token
+        return len(self.vocab) + 1
+
+    def save_vocab(self, path: str) -> None:
+        with open(path, "w") as f:
+            for word in self.words:
+                f.write(word + "\n")
+
+    def save_json_vocab(self, path: str) -> None:
+        import json
+
+        with open(path, "w") as f:
+            json.dump({"vocab": self.words, "stem_mapping": self.stem_mapping}, f, indent=2)
+
+    def load_json_vocab(self, path: str) -> None:
+        import json
+
+        with open(path, "r") as f:
+            data = json.load(f)
+            self.words = data["vocab"]
+            self.vocab = {word: idx + 1 for idx, word in enumerate(self.words)}
+            self.stem_mapping = data["stem_mapping"]
+
+    def add_word(self, word: str) -> None:
+        if word not in self.vocab:
+            self.vocab[word] = len(self.vocab) + 1
+            self.words.append(word)
+            stem = self.stemmer.stem_word(word)
+            if stem not in self.stem_mapping:
+                self.stem_mapping[stem] = word
+            else:
+                existing_word = self.stem_mapping[stem]
+                if len(existing_word) > len(word):
+                    # Prefer shorter words for the same stem
+                    # Example: "swim" is preferred over "swimming"
+                    self.stem_mapping[stem] = word
+
+    def load_vocab(self, path: str) -> None:
+        with open(path, "r") as f:
+            for line in f:
+                self.add_word(line.strip())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _reconstruct_bpe(
+        cls, bpe_tokens: Iterable[tuple[int, str]]
+    ) -> list[tuple[str, list[int]]]:
+        result: list[tuple[str, list[int]]] = []
+        acc: str = ""
+        acc_idx: list[int] = []
+
+        continuing_subword_prefix = "##"
+        continuing_subword_prefix_len = len(continuing_subword_prefix)
+
+        for idx, token in bpe_tokens:
+            if token.startswith(continuing_subword_prefix):
+                acc += token[continuing_subword_prefix_len:]
+                acc_idx.append(idx)
+            else:
+                if acc:
+                    result.append((acc, acc_idx))
+                    acc_idx = []
+                acc = token
+                acc_idx.append(idx)
+
+        if acc:
+            result.append((acc, acc_idx))
+        return result
+
+    def resolve_tokens(
+        self, token_ids: NDArray[np.int64]
+    ) -> tuple[NDArray[np.int64], dict[int, int], dict[str, int], dict[str, list[str]]]:
+        """
+        Mark known tokens (including composed tokens) with vocab ids.
+
+        Args:
+            token_ids: (seq_len) - list of ids of tokens
+                Example:
+                    [
+                        101,  3897, 19332, 12718, 23348,
+                        1010,  1996,  7151,  2296, 4845,
+                        2359,  2005,  4234,  1010,  4332,
+                        2871,  3191,  2062, 102
+                    ]
+
+            returns:
+                - token_ids with vocab ids
+                    [
+                        0,  151, 151, 0, 0,
+                        912,  0,  0,  0, 332,
+                        332,  332,  0,  7121,  191,
+                        0,  0,  332, 0
+                    ]
+                - counts of each token
+                    {
+                        151: 1,
+                        332: 3,
+                        7121: 1,
+                        191: 1,
+                        912: 1
+                    }
+                - oov counts of each token
+                    {
+                        "the": 1,
+                        "a": 1,
+                        "[CLS]": 1,
+                        "[SEP]": 1,
+                        ...
+                    }
+                - forms of each token
+                    {
+                        "hello": ["hello"],
+                        "world": ["worlds", "world", "worlding"],
+                    }
+
+        """
+        tokens = self.convert_ids_to_tokens(token_ids)
+        tokens_mapping = self._reconstruct_bpe(enumerate(tokens))
+
+        counts: dict[int, int] = defaultdict(int)
+        oov_count: dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+
+        forms: dict[str, list[str]] = defaultdict(list)
+
+        for token, mapped_token_ids in tokens_mapping:
+            vocab_id = 0
+            if token in self.stopwords:
+                vocab_id = 0
+            elif token in self.vocab:
+                vocab_id = self.vocab[token]
+                forms[token].append(token)
+            elif token in self.stem_mapping:
+                vocab_id = self.vocab[self.stem_mapping[token]]
+                forms[self.stem_mapping[token]].append(token)
+            else:
+                stem = self.stemmer.stem_word(token)
+                if stem in self.stem_mapping:
+                    vocab_id = self.vocab[self.stem_mapping[stem]]
+                    forms[self.stem_mapping[stem]].append(token)
+
+            for token_id in mapped_token_ids:
+                token_ids[token_id] = vocab_id
+
+            if vocab_id == 0:
+                oov_count[token] += 1
+            else:
+                counts[vocab_id] += 1
+        return token_ids, counts, oov_count, forms
+

fastembed/text/clip_embedding.py

@@ -1,49 +1,56 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Type
-
-import numpy as np
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Type
 
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
 from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
 from fastembed.text.onnx_embedding import OnnxTextEmbedding, OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker
-from fastembed.text.onnx_text_model import TextEmbeddingWorker
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription, ModelSource
 
-supported_clip_models = [
-    {
-        "model": "Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-text",
-        "dim": 512,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Multimodal (text&image), English, 77 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2021 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.25,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-text",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model.onnx",
-    },
+supported_clip_models: list[DenseModelDescription] = [
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-text",
+        dim=512,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Multimodal (text&image), English, 77 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2021 year"
+        ),
+        license="mit",
+        size_in_GB=0.25,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-text"),
+        model_file="model.onnx",
+    ),
 ]
 
 
 class CLIPOnnxEmbedding(OnnxTextEmbedding):
     @classmethod
-    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[TextEmbeddingWorker]:
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker]:
         return CLIPEmbeddingWorker
 
     @classmethod
-    def list_supported_models(cls) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
         """Lists the supported models.
 
         Returns:
-            List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+            list[DenseModelDescription]: A list of DenseModelDescription objects containing the model information.
         """
         return supported_clip_models
 
     def _post_process_onnx_output(
-        self, output: OnnxOutputContext
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+        self, output: OnnxOutputContext, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         return output.model_output
 
 
 class CLIPEmbeddingWorker(OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker):
     def init_embedding(
-        self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> OnnxTextEmbedding:
         return CLIPOnnxEmbedding(
-            model_name=model_name, cache_dir=cache_dir, threads=1, **kwargs
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
         )

fastembed/text/custom_text_embedding.py

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+from typing import Sequence, Any, Iterable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.typing import NDArray
+
+from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider
+from fastembed.common.model_description import (
+    PoolingType,
+    DenseModelDescription,
+)
+from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray, Device
+from fastembed.common.utils import normalize, mean_pooling
+from fastembed.text.onnx_embedding import OnnxTextEmbedding
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PostprocessingConfig:
+    pooling: PoolingType
+    normalization: bool
+
+
+class CustomTextEmbedding(OnnxTextEmbedding):
+    SUPPORTED_MODELS: list[DenseModelDescription] = []
+    POSTPROCESSING_MAPPING: dict[str, PostprocessingConfig] = {}
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        device_id: int | None = None,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=threads,
+            providers=providers,
+            cuda=cuda,
+            device_ids=device_ids,
+            lazy_load=lazy_load,
+            device_id=device_id,
+            specific_model_path=specific_model_path,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+        self._pooling = self.POSTPROCESSING_MAPPING[model_name].pooling
+        self._normalization = self.POSTPROCESSING_MAPPING[model_name].normalization
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
+        return cls.SUPPORTED_MODELS
+
+    def _post_process_onnx_output(
+        self, output: OnnxOutputContext, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        return self._normalize(self._pool(output.model_output, output.attention_mask))
+
+    def _pool(
+        self, embeddings: NumpyArray, attention_mask: NDArray[np.int64] | None = None
+    ) -> NumpyArray:
+        if self._pooling == PoolingType.CLS:
+            return embeddings[:, 0]
+
+        if self._pooling == PoolingType.MEAN:
+            if attention_mask is None:
+                raise ValueError("attention_mask must be provided for mean pooling")
+            return mean_pooling(embeddings, attention_mask)
+
+        if self._pooling == PoolingType.DISABLED:
+            return embeddings
+
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Unsupported pooling type {self._pooling}. "
+            f"Supported types are: {PoolingType.CLS}, {PoolingType.MEAN}, {PoolingType.DISABLED}."
+        )
+
+    def _normalize(self, embeddings: NumpyArray) -> NumpyArray:
+        return normalize(embeddings) if self._normalization else embeddings
+
+    @classmethod
+    def add_model(
+        cls,
+        model_description: DenseModelDescription,
+        pooling: PoolingType,
+        normalization: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        cls.SUPPORTED_MODELS.append(model_description)
+        cls.POSTPROCESSING_MAPPING[model_description.model] = PostprocessingConfig(
+            pooling=pooling, normalization=normalization
+        )

fastembed/text/e5_onnx_embedding.py

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Type
-
-import numpy as np
-
-from fastembed.text.onnx_embedding import OnnxTextEmbedding, OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker
-from fastembed.text.onnx_text_model import TextEmbeddingWorker
-
-supported_multilingual_e5_models = [
-    {
-        "model": "intfloat/multilingual-e5-large",
-        "dim": 1024,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), Multilingual (~100 languages), 512 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 2.24,
-        "sources": {
-            "url": "https://storage.googleapis.com/qdrant-fastembed/fast-multilingual-e5-large.tar.gz",
-            "hf": "qdrant/multilingual-e5-large-onnx",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model.onnx",
-        "additional_files": ["model.onnx_data"],
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2",
-        "dim": 768,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), Multilingual (~50 languages), 384 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2021 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 1.00,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "xenova/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2",
-        },
-        "model_file": "onnx/model.onnx",
-    },
-]
-
-
-class E5OnnxEmbedding(OnnxTextEmbedding):
-    @classmethod
-    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type["TextEmbeddingWorker"]:
-        return E5OnnxEmbeddingWorker
-
-    @classmethod
-    def list_supported_models(cls) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
-        """Lists the supported models.
-
-        Returns:
-            List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
-        """
-        return supported_multilingual_e5_models
-
-    def _preprocess_onnx_input(
-        self, onnx_input: Dict[str, np.ndarray], **kwargs
-    ) -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]:
-        """
-        Preprocess the onnx input.
-        """
-        onnx_input.pop("token_type_ids", None)
-        return onnx_input
-
-
-class E5OnnxEmbeddingWorker(OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker):
-    def init_embedding(
-        self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs
-    ) -> E5OnnxEmbedding:
-        return E5OnnxEmbedding(
-            model_name=model_name, cache_dir=cache_dir, threads=1, **kwargs
-        )

fastembed/text/multitask_embedding.py

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Any, Type, Iterable
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
+from fastembed.text.pooled_normalized_embedding import PooledNormalizedEmbedding
+from fastembed.text.onnx_embedding import OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription, ModelSource
+
+supported_multitask_models: list[DenseModelDescription] = [
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="jinaai/jina-embeddings-v3",
+        dim=1024,
+        tasks={
+            "retrieval.query": 0,
+            "retrieval.passage": 1,
+            "separation": 2,
+            "classification": 3,
+            "text-matching": 4,
+        },
+        description=(
+            "Multi-task unimodal (text) embedding model, multi-lingual (~100), "
+            "1024 tokens truncation, and 8192 sequence length. Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="cc-by-nc-4.0",
+        size_in_GB=2.29,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="jinaai/jina-embeddings-v3"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+        additional_files=["onnx/model.onnx_data"],
+    ),
+]
+
+
+class Task(int, Enum):
+    RETRIEVAL_QUERY = 0
+    RETRIEVAL_PASSAGE = 1
+    SEPARATION = 2
+    CLASSIFICATION = 3
+    TEXT_MATCHING = 4
+
+
+class JinaEmbeddingV3(PooledNormalizedEmbedding):
+    PASSAGE_TASK = Task.RETRIEVAL_PASSAGE
+    QUERY_TASK = Task.RETRIEVAL_QUERY
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, task_id: int | None = None, **kwargs: Any):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.default_task_id: Task | int = task_id if task_id is not None else self.PASSAGE_TASK
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker]:
+        return JinaEmbeddingV3Worker
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
+        return supported_multitask_models
+
+    def _preprocess_onnx_input(
+        self,
+        onnx_input: dict[str, NumpyArray],
+        task_id: int | Task | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
+        if task_id is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"task_id must be provided for JinaEmbeddingV3, got <{task_id}>")
+        onnx_input["task_id"] = np.array(task_id, dtype=np.int64)
+        return onnx_input
+
+    def embed(
+        self,
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
+        batch_size: int = 256,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        task_id: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        task_id = (
+            task_id if task_id is not None else self.default_task_id
+        )  # required for multiprocessing
+        yield from super().embed(documents, batch_size, parallel, task_id=task_id, **kwargs)
+
+    def query_embed(self, query: str | Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        yield from super().embed(query, task_id=self.QUERY_TASK, **kwargs)
+
+    def passage_embed(self, texts: Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        yield from super().embed(texts, task_id=self.PASSAGE_TASK, **kwargs)
+
+
+class JinaEmbeddingV3Worker(OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker):
+    def init_embedding(
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> JinaEmbeddingV3:
+        return JinaEmbeddingV3(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def process(self, items: Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]) -> Iterable[tuple[int, OnnxOutputContext]]:
+        self.model: JinaEmbeddingV3  # mypy complaints `self.model` does not have `default_task_id`
+        for idx, batch in items:
+            onnx_output = self.model.onnx_embed(batch, task_id=self.model.default_task_id)
+            yield idx, onnx_output

fastembed/text/onnx_embedding.py

@@ -1,178 +1,213 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Type, Union
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
 
-import numpy as np
-
-from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray, OnnxProvider, Device
 from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
 from fastembed.common.utils import define_cache_dir, normalize
 from fastembed.text.onnx_text_model import OnnxTextModel, TextEmbeddingWorker
 from fastembed.text.text_embedding_base import TextEmbeddingBase
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription, ModelSource
 
-supported_onnx_models = [
-    {
-        "model": "BAAI/bge-base-en",
-        "dim": 768,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2023 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.42,
-        "sources": {
-            "url": "https://storage.googleapis.com/qdrant-fastembed/fast-bge-base-en.tar.gz",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model_optimized.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5",
-        "dim": 768,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not so necessary, 2023 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.21,
-        "sources": {
-            "url": "https://storage.googleapis.com/qdrant-fastembed/fast-bge-base-en-v1.5.tar.gz",
-            "hf": "qdrant/bge-base-en-v1.5-onnx-q",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model_optimized.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5",
-        "dim": 1024,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not so necessary, 2023 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 1.20,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "qdrant/bge-large-en-v1.5-onnx",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "BAAI/bge-small-en",
-        "dim": 384,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2023 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.13,
-        "sources": {
-            "url": "https://storage.googleapis.com/qdrant-fastembed/BAAI-bge-small-en.tar.gz",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model_optimized.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5",
-        "dim": 384,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not so necessary, 2023 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.067,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "qdrant/bge-small-en-v1.5-onnx-q",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model_optimized.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "BAAI/bge-small-zh-v1.5",
-        "dim": 512,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), Chinese, 512 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not so necessary, 2023 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.09,
-        "sources": {
-            "url": "https://storage.googleapis.com/qdrant-fastembed/fast-bge-small-zh-v1.5.tar.gz",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model_optimized.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2",
-        "dim": 384,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), Multilingual (~50 languages), 512 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2019 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.22,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "qdrant/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2-onnx-Q",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model_optimized.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "thenlper/gte-large",
-        "dim": 1024,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2023 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 1.20,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "qdrant/gte-large-onnx",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1",
-        "dim": 1024,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.64,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1",
-        },
-        "model_file": "onnx/model.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-xs",
-        "dim": 384,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.09,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-xs",
-        },
-        "model_file": "onnx/model.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-s",
-        "dim": 384,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.13,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-s",
-        },
-        "model_file": "onnx/model.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m",
-        "dim": 768,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.43,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m",
-        },
-        "model_file": "onnx/model.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m-long",
-        "dim": 768,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 2048 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.54,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m-long",
-        },
-        "model_file": "onnx/model.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l",
-        "dim": 1024,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 1.02,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l",
-        },
-        "model_file": "onnx/model.onnx",
-    },
+supported_onnx_models: list[DenseModelDescription] = [
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="BAAI/bge-base-en",
+        dim=768,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2023 year."
+        ),
+        license="mit",
+        size_in_GB=0.42,
+        sources=ModelSource(
+            hf="Qdrant/fast-bge-base-en",
+            url="https://storage.googleapis.com/qdrant-fastembed/fast-bge-base-en.tar.gz",
+            _deprecated_tar_struct=True,
+        ),
+        model_file="model_optimized.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5",
+        dim=768,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: not so necessary, 2023 year."
+        ),
+        license="mit",
+        size_in_GB=0.21,
+        sources=ModelSource(
+            hf="qdrant/bge-base-en-v1.5-onnx-q",
+            url="https://storage.googleapis.com/qdrant-fastembed/fast-bge-base-en-v1.5.tar.gz",
+            _deprecated_tar_struct=True,
+        ),
+        model_file="model_optimized.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5",
+        dim=1024,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: not so necessary, 2023 year."
+        ),
+        license="mit",
+        size_in_GB=1.20,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="qdrant/bge-large-en-v1.5-onnx"),
+        model_file="model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="BAAI/bge-small-en",
+        dim=384,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2023 year."
+        ),
+        license="mit",
+        size_in_GB=0.13,
+        sources=ModelSource(
+            hf="Qdrant/bge-small-en",
+            url="https://storage.googleapis.com/qdrant-fastembed/BAAI-bge-small-en.tar.gz",
+            _deprecated_tar_struct=True,
+        ),
+        model_file="model_optimized.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5",
+        dim=384,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: not so necessary, 2023 year."
+        ),
+        license="mit",
+        size_in_GB=0.067,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="qdrant/bge-small-en-v1.5-onnx-q"),
+        model_file="model_optimized.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="BAAI/bge-small-zh-v1.5",
+        dim=512,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), Chinese, 512 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: not so necessary, 2023 year."
+        ),
+        license="mit",
+        size_in_GB=0.09,
+        sources=ModelSource(
+            hf="Qdrant/bge-small-zh-v1.5",
+            url="https://storage.googleapis.com/qdrant-fastembed/fast-bge-small-zh-v1.5.tar.gz",
+            _deprecated_tar_struct=True,
+        ),
+        model_file="model_optimized.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1",
+        dim=1024,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.64,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-xs",
+        dim=384,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.09,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-xs"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-s",
+        dim=384,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.13,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-s"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m",
+        dim=768,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.43,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="Snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m-long",
+        dim=768,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 2048 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.54,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-m-long"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l",
+        dim=1024,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=1.02,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="jinaai/jina-clip-v1",
+        dim=768,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Multimodal (text&image), English, Prefixes for queries/documents: "
+            "not necessary, 2024 year"
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.55,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="jinaai/jina-clip-v1"),
+        model_file="onnx/text_model.onnx",
+    ),
 ]
 
 
-class OnnxTextEmbedding(TextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[np.ndarray]):
+class OnnxTextEmbedding(TextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[NumpyArray]):
     """Implementation of the Flag Embedding model."""
 
     @classmethod
-    def list_supported_models(cls) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
         """
         Lists the supported models.
 
         Returns:
-            List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+            list[DenseModelDescription]: A list of DenseModelDescription objects containing the model information.
         """
         return supported_onnx_models
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str = "BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5",
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
-        threads: Optional[int] = None,
-        providers: Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        device_id: int | None = None,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         """
         Args:
@@ -181,33 +216,56 @@ class OnnxTextEmbedding(TextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[np.ndarray]):
                                        Can be set using the `FASTEMBED_CACHE_PATH` env variable.
                                        Defaults to `fastembed_cache` in the system's temp directory.
             threads (int, optional): The number of threads single onnxruntime session can use. Defaults to None.
+            providers (Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]], optional): The list of onnxruntime providers to use.
+                Mutually exclusive with the `cuda` and `device_ids` arguments. Defaults to None.
+            cuda (Union[bool, Device], optional): Whether to use cuda for inference. Mutually exclusive with `providers`
+                Defaults to Device.AUTO.
+            device_ids (Optional[list[int]], optional): The list of device ids to use for data parallel processing in
+                workers. Should be used with `cuda` equals to `True`, `Device.AUTO` or `Device.CUDA`, mutually exclusive
+                with `providers`. Defaults to None.
+            lazy_load (bool, optional): Whether to load the model during class initialization or on demand.
+                Should be set to True when using multiple-gpu and parallel encoding. Defaults to False.
+            device_id (Optional[int], optional): The device id to use for loading the model in the worker process.
+            specific_model_path (Optional[str], optional): The specific path to the onnx model dir if it should be imported from somewhere else
 
         Raises:
             ValueError: If the model_name is not in the format <org>/<model> e.g. BAAI/bge-base-en.
         """
-
         super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)
+        self.providers = providers
+        self.lazy_load = lazy_load
+        self._extra_session_options = self._select_exposed_session_options(kwargs)
+        # List of device ids, that can be used for data parallel processing in workers
+        self.device_ids = device_ids
+        self.cuda = cuda
 
-        model_description = self._get_model_description(model_name)
-        self.cache_dir = define_cache_dir(cache_dir)
-        model_dir = self.download_model(
-            model_description, self.cache_dir, local_files_only=self._local_files_only
+        # This device_id will be used if we need to load model in current process
+        self.device_id: int | None = None
+        if device_id is not None:
+            self.device_id = device_id
+        elif self.device_ids is not None:
+            self.device_id = self.device_ids[0]
+
+        self.model_description = self._get_model_description(model_name)
+        self.cache_dir = str(define_cache_dir(cache_dir))
+        self._specific_model_path = specific_model_path
+        self._model_dir = self.download_model(
+            self.model_description,
+            self.cache_dir,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
         )
 
-        self.load_onnx_model(
-            model_dir=model_dir,
-            model_file=model_description["model_file"],
-            threads=threads,
-            providers=providers,
-        )
+        if not self.lazy_load:
+            self.load_onnx_model()
 
     def embed(
         self,
-        documents: Union[str, Iterable[str]],
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
         batch_size: int = 256,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         """
         Encode a list of documents into list of embeddings.
         We use mean pooling with attention so that the model can handle variable-length inputs.
@@ -229,31 +287,67 @@ class OnnxTextEmbedding(TextEmbeddingBase, OnnxTextModel[np.ndarray]):
             documents=documents,
             batch_size=batch_size,
             parallel=parallel,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_ids=self.device_ids,
+            local_files_only=self._local_files_only,
+            specific_model_path=self._specific_model_path,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
             **kwargs,
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type["TextEmbeddingWorker"]:
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type["TextEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]"]:
         return OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker
 
     def _preprocess_onnx_input(
-        self, onnx_input: Dict[str, np.ndarray], **kwargs
-    ) -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]:
+        self, onnx_input: dict[str, NumpyArray], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> dict[str, NumpyArray]:
         """
         Preprocess the onnx input.
         """
         return onnx_input
 
-    def _post_process_onnx_output(self, output: OnnxOutputContext) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+    def _post_process_onnx_output(
+        self, output: OnnxOutputContext, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         embeddings = output.model_output
-        return normalize(embeddings[:, 0]).astype(np.float32)
+
+        if embeddings.ndim == 3:  # (batch_size, seq_len, embedding_dim)
+            processed_embeddings = embeddings[:, 0]
+        elif embeddings.ndim == 2:  # (batch_size, embedding_dim)
+            processed_embeddings = embeddings
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported embedding shape: {embeddings.shape}")
+        return normalize(processed_embeddings)
+
+    def load_onnx_model(self) -> None:
+        self._load_onnx_model(
+            model_dir=self._model_dir,
+            model_file=self.model_description.model_file,
+            threads=self.threads,
+            providers=self.providers,
+            cuda=self.cuda,
+            device_id=self.device_id,
+            extra_session_options=self._extra_session_options,
+        )
+
+    def token_count(
+        self, texts: str | Iterable[str], batch_size: int = 1024, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> int:
+        return self._token_count(texts, batch_size=batch_size, **kwargs)
 
 
-class OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker(TextEmbeddingWorker):
+class OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker(TextEmbeddingWorker[NumpyArray]):
     def init_embedding(
         self,
         model_name: str,
         cache_dir: str,
-        **kwargs,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> OnnxTextEmbedding:
-        return OnnxTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, cache_dir=cache_dir, threads=1, **kwargs)
+        return OnnxTextEmbedding(
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
+        )

fastembed/text/onnx_text_model.py

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 import os
 from multiprocessing import get_all_start_methods
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Type, Union
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
 
 import numpy as np
-from tokenizers import Encoding
+from numpy.typing import NDArray
+from tokenizers import Encoding, Tokenizer
 
-from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray, OnnxProvider, Device
 from fastembed.common.onnx_model import EmbeddingWorker, OnnxModel, OnnxOutputContext, T
 from fastembed.common.preprocessor_utils import load_tokenizer
 from fastembed.common.utils import iter_batch
@@ -14,56 +15,74 @@ from fastembed.parallel_processor import ParallelWorkerPool
 
 
 class OnnxTextModel(OnnxModel[T]):
-    ONNX_OUTPUT_NAMES: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    ONNX_OUTPUT_NAMES: list[str] | None = None
 
     @classmethod
-    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type["TextEmbeddingWorker"]:
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type["TextEmbeddingWorker[T]"]:
         raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
 
-    def _post_process_onnx_output(self, output: OnnxOutputContext) -> Iterable[T]:
+    def _post_process_onnx_output(self, output: OnnxOutputContext, **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[T]:
+        """Post-process the ONNX model output to convert it into a usable format.
+
+        Args:
+            output (OnnxOutputContext): The raw output from the ONNX model.
+            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments that may be needed by specific implementations.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[T]: Post-processed output as an iterable of type T.
+        """
         raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         super().__init__()
-        self.tokenizer = None
-        self.special_token_to_id = {}
+        self.tokenizer: Tokenizer | None = None
+        self.special_token_to_id: dict[str, int] = {}
 
     def _preprocess_onnx_input(
-        self, onnx_input: Dict[str, np.ndarray], **kwargs
-    ) -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]:
+        self, onnx_input: dict[str, NumpyArray], **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> dict[str, NumpyArray | NDArray[np.int64]]:
         """
         Preprocess the onnx input.
         """
         return onnx_input
 
-    def load_onnx_model(
+    def _load_onnx_model(
         self,
         model_dir: Path,
         model_file: str,
-        threads: Optional[int],
-        providers: Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]] = None,
+        threads: int | None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_id: int | None = None,
+        extra_session_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
-        super().load_onnx_model(
+        super()._load_onnx_model(
             model_dir=model_dir,
             model_file=model_file,
             threads=threads,
             providers=providers,
+            cuda=cuda,
+            device_id=device_id,
+            extra_session_options=extra_session_options,
         )
         self.tokenizer, self.special_token_to_id = load_tokenizer(model_dir=model_dir)
 
-    def tokenize(self, documents: List[str], **kwargs) -> List[Encoding]:
-        return self.tokenizer.encode_batch(documents)
+    def load_onnx_model(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    def tokenize(self, documents: list[str], **kwargs: Any) -> list[Encoding]:
+        return self.tokenizer.encode_batch(documents)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
 
     def onnx_embed(
         self,
-        documents: List[str],
-        **kwargs,
+        documents: list[str],
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> OnnxOutputContext:
         encoded = self.tokenize(documents, **kwargs)
         input_ids = np.array([e.ids for e in encoded])
         attention_mask = np.array([e.attention_mask for e in encoded])
-        input_names = {node.name for node in self.model.get_inputs()}
-        onnx_input = {
+        input_names = {node.name for node in self.model.get_inputs()}  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+        onnx_input: dict[str, NumpyArray] = {
             "input_ids": np.array(input_ids, dtype=np.int64),
         }
         if "attention_mask" in input_names:
@@ -72,10 +91,9 @@ class OnnxTextModel(OnnxModel[T]):
             onnx_input["token_type_ids"] = np.array(
                 [np.zeros(len(e), dtype=np.int64) for e in input_ids], dtype=np.int64
             )
-
         onnx_input = self._preprocess_onnx_input(onnx_input, **kwargs)
 
-        model_output = self.model.run(self.ONNX_OUTPUT_NAMES, onnx_input)
+        model_output = self.model.run(self.ONNX_OUTPUT_NAMES, onnx_input)  # type: ignore[union-attr]
         return OnnxOutputContext(
             model_output=model_output[0],
             attention_mask=onnx_input.get("attention_mask", attention_mask),
@@ -86,10 +104,16 @@ class OnnxTextModel(OnnxModel[T]):
         self,
         model_name: str,
         cache_dir: str,
-        documents: Union[str, Iterable[str]],
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
         batch_size: int = 256,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        local_files_only: bool = False,
+        specific_model_path: str | None = None,
+        extra_session_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> Iterable[T]:
         is_small = False
 
@@ -101,26 +125,56 @@ class OnnxTextModel(OnnxModel[T]):
             if len(documents) < batch_size:
                 is_small = True
 
-        if parallel == 0:
-            parallel = os.cpu_count()
-
         if parallel is None or is_small:
+            if not hasattr(self, "model") or self.model is None:
+                self.load_onnx_model()
             for batch in iter_batch(documents, batch_size):
-                yield from self._post_process_onnx_output(self.onnx_embed(batch))
+                yield from self._post_process_onnx_output(
+                    self.onnx_embed(batch, **kwargs), **kwargs
+                )
         else:
-            start_method = (
-                "forkserver" if "forkserver" in get_all_start_methods() else "spawn"
-            )
-            params = {"model_name": model_name, "cache_dir": cache_dir, **kwargs}
+            if parallel == 0:
+                parallel = os.cpu_count()
+
+            start_method = "forkserver" if "forkserver" in get_all_start_methods() else "spawn"
+            params = {
+                "model_name": model_name,
+                "cache_dir": cache_dir,
+                "providers": providers,
+                "local_files_only": local_files_only,
+                "specific_model_path": specific_model_path,
+                **kwargs,
+            }
+
+            if extra_session_options is not None:
+                params.update(extra_session_options)
+
             pool = ParallelWorkerPool(
-                parallel, self._get_worker_class(), start_method=start_method
+                num_workers=parallel or 1,
+                worker=self._get_worker_class(),
+                cuda=cuda,
+                device_ids=device_ids,
+                start_method=start_method,
             )
             for batch in pool.ordered_map(iter_batch(documents, batch_size), **params):
-                yield from self._post_process_onnx_output(batch)
+                yield from self._post_process_onnx_output(batch, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
+
+    def _token_count(self, texts: str | Iterable[str], batch_size: int = 1024, **_: Any) -> int:
+        if not hasattr(self, "model") or self.model is None:
+            self.load_onnx_model()  # loads the tokenizer as well
+
+        token_num = 0
+        assert self.tokenizer is not None
+        texts = [texts] if isinstance(texts, str) else texts
+        for batch in iter_batch(texts, batch_size):
+            for tokens in self.tokenizer.encode_batch(batch):
+                token_num += sum(tokens.attention_mask)
+
+        return token_num
 
 
-class TextEmbeddingWorker(EmbeddingWorker):
-    def process(self, items: Iterable[Tuple[int, Any]]) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, Any]]:
+class TextEmbeddingWorker(EmbeddingWorker[T]):
+    def process(self, items: Iterable[tuple[int, Any]]) -> Iterable[tuple[int, OnnxOutputContext]]:
         for idx, batch in items:
             onnx_output = self.model.onnx_embed(batch)
             yield idx, onnx_output

fastembed/text/pooled_embedding.py

@@ -1,87 +1,136 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Type
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Type
 
 import numpy as np
+from numpy.typing import NDArray
 
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
 from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
-from fastembed.common.utils import normalize
+from fastembed.common.utils import mean_pooling
 from fastembed.text.onnx_embedding import OnnxTextEmbedding, OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker
-from fastembed.text.onnx_text_model import TextEmbeddingWorker
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription, ModelSource
 
-supported_pooled_models = [
-    {
-        "model": "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5",
-        "dim": 768,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Multimodal (text, image), English, 8192 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.52,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5",
-        },
-        "model_file": "onnx/model.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5-Q",
-        "dim": 768,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Multimodal (text, image), English, 8192 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.13,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5",
-        },
-        "model_file": "onnx/model_quantized.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1",
-        "dim": 768,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Multimodal (text, image), English, 8192 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.52,
-        "sources": {
-            "hf": "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1",
-        },
-        "model_file": "onnx/model.onnx",
-    },
+supported_pooled_models: list[DenseModelDescription] = [
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5",
+        dim=768,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Multimodal (text, image), English, 8192 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.52,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5-Q",
+        dim=768,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Multimodal (text, image), English, 8192 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.13,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5"),
+        model_file="onnx/model_quantized.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1",
+        dim=768,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Multimodal (text, image), English, 8192 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.52,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2",
+        dim=384,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), Multilingual (~50 languages), 512 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2019 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.22,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="qdrant/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2-onnx-Q"),
+        model_file="model_optimized.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2",
+        dim=768,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), Multilingual (~50 languages), 384 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2021 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=1.00,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="xenova/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="intfloat/multilingual-e5-large",
+        dim=1024,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), Multilingual (~100 languages), 512 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="mit",
+        size_in_GB=2.24,
+        sources=ModelSource(
+            hf="qdrant/multilingual-e5-large-onnx",
+            url="https://storage.googleapis.com/qdrant-fastembed/fast-multilingual-e5-large.tar.gz",
+            _deprecated_tar_struct=True,
+        ),
+        model_file="model.onnx",
+        additional_files=["model.onnx_data"],
+    ),
 ]
 
 
 class PooledEmbedding(OnnxTextEmbedding):
     @classmethod
-    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[TextEmbeddingWorker]:
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker]:
         return PooledEmbeddingWorker
 
     @classmethod
     def mean_pooling(
-        cls, model_output: np.ndarray, attention_mask: np.ndarray
-    ) -> np.ndarray:
-        token_embeddings = model_output
-        input_mask_expanded = np.expand_dims(attention_mask, axis=-1)
-        input_mask_expanded = np.tile(
-            input_mask_expanded, (1, 1, token_embeddings.shape[-1])
-        )
-        input_mask_expanded = input_mask_expanded.astype(float)
-        sum_embeddings = np.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, axis=1)
-        sum_mask = np.sum(input_mask_expanded, axis=1)
-        pooled_embeddings = sum_embeddings / np.maximum(sum_mask, 1e-9)
-        return pooled_embeddings
+        cls, model_output: NumpyArray, attention_mask: NDArray[np.int64]
+    ) -> NumpyArray:
+        return mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask)
 
     @classmethod
-    def list_supported_models(cls) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
         """Lists the supported models.
 
         Returns:
-            List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+            list[DenseModelDescription]: A list of DenseModelDescription objects containing the model information.
         """
         return supported_pooled_models
 
     def _post_process_onnx_output(
-        self, output: OnnxOutputContext
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+        self, output: OnnxOutputContext, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        if output.attention_mask is None:
+            raise ValueError("attention_mask must be provided for document post-processing")
+
         embeddings = output.model_output
         attn_mask = output.attention_mask
-        return self.mean_pooling(embeddings, attn_mask).astype(np.float32)
+        return self.mean_pooling(embeddings, attn_mask)
 
 
 class PooledEmbeddingWorker(OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker):
     def init_embedding(
-        self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> OnnxTextEmbedding:
         return PooledEmbedding(
-            model_name=model_name, cache_dir=cache_dir, threads=1, **kwargs
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
         )

fastembed/text/pooled_normalized_embedding.py

@@ -1,86 +1,164 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Type
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Type
 
-import numpy as np
 
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
 from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
 from fastembed.common.utils import normalize
 from fastembed.text.onnx_embedding import OnnxTextEmbedding, OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker
-from fastembed.text.onnx_text_model import TextEmbeddingWorker
 from fastembed.text.pooled_embedding import PooledEmbedding
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription, ModelSource
 
-supported_pooled_normalized_models = [
-    {
-        "model": "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2",
-        "dim": 384,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 256 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2021 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.09,
-        "sources": {
-            "url": "https://storage.googleapis.com/qdrant-fastembed/sentence-transformers-all-MiniLM-L6-v2.tar.gz",
-            "hf": "qdrant/all-MiniLM-L6-v2-onnx",
-        },
-        "model_file": "model.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-en",
-        "dim": 768,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 8192 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2023 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.52,
-        "sources": {"hf": "xenova/jina-embeddings-v2-base-en"},
-        "model_file": "onnx/model.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-small-en",
-        "dim": 512,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 8192 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2023 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.12,
-        "sources": {"hf": "xenova/jina-embeddings-v2-small-en"},
-        "model_file": "onnx/model.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-de",
-        "dim": 768,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), Multilingual (German, English), 8192 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2024 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.32,
-        "sources": {"hf": "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-de"},
-        "model_file": "onnx/model_fp16.onnx",
-    },
-    {
-        "model": "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-code",
-        "dim": 768,
-        "description": "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), Multilingual (English, 30 programming languages), 8192 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2024 year",
-        "size_in_GB": 0.64,
-        "sources": {"hf": "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-code"},
-        "model_file": "onnx/model.onnx",
-    },
+supported_pooled_normalized_models: list[DenseModelDescription] = [
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2",
+        dim=384,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 256 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2021 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.09,
+        sources=ModelSource(
+            url="https://storage.googleapis.com/qdrant-fastembed/sentence-transformers-all-MiniLM-L6-v2.tar.gz",
+            hf="qdrant/all-MiniLM-L6-v2-onnx",
+            _deprecated_tar_struct=True,
+        ),
+        model_file="model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-en",
+        dim=768,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 8192 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2023 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.52,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="xenova/jina-embeddings-v2-base-en"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-small-en",
+        dim=512,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 8192 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2023 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.12,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="xenova/jina-embeddings-v2-small-en"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-de",
+        dim=768,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), Multilingual (German, English), 8192 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.32,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-de"),
+        model_file="onnx/model_fp16.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-code",
+        dim=768,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), Multilingual (English, 30 programming languages), "
+            "8192 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.64,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-code"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-zh",
+        dim=768,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), supports mixed Chinese-English input text, "
+            "8192 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.64,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-zh"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-es",
+        dim=768,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), supports mixed Spanish-English input text, "
+            "8192 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="apache-2.0",
+        size_in_GB=0.64,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-es"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="thenlper/gte-base",
+        dim=768,
+        description=(
+            "General text embeddings, Unimodal (text), supports English only input text, "
+            "512 input tokens truncation, Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2024 year."
+        ),
+        license="mit",
+        size_in_GB=0.44,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="thenlper/gte-base"),
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+    ),
+    DenseModelDescription(
+        model="thenlper/gte-large",
+        dim=1024,
+        description=(
+            "Text embeddings, Unimodal (text), English, 512 input tokens truncation, "
+            "Prefixes for queries/documents: not necessary, 2023 year."
+        ),
+        license="mit",
+        size_in_GB=1.20,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf="qdrant/gte-large-onnx"),
+        model_file="model.onnx",
+    ),
 ]
 
 
 class PooledNormalizedEmbedding(PooledEmbedding):
     @classmethod
-    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[TextEmbeddingWorker]:
+    def _get_worker_class(cls) -> Type[OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker]:
         return PooledNormalizedEmbeddingWorker
 
     @classmethod
-    def list_supported_models(cls) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
         """Lists the supported models.
 
         Returns:
-            List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
+            list[DenseModelDescription]: A list of DenseModelDescription objects containing the model information.
         """
         return supported_pooled_normalized_models
 
     def _post_process_onnx_output(
-        self, output: OnnxOutputContext
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+        self, output: OnnxOutputContext, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        if output.attention_mask is None:
+            raise ValueError("attention_mask must be provided for document post-processing")
+
         embeddings = output.model_output
         attn_mask = output.attention_mask
-        return normalize(self.mean_pooling(embeddings, attn_mask)).astype(np.float32)
+        return normalize(self.mean_pooling(embeddings, attn_mask))
 
 
 class PooledNormalizedEmbeddingWorker(OnnxTextEmbeddingWorker):
     def init_embedding(
-        self, model_name: str, cache_dir: str, **kwargs
+        self,
+        model_name: str,
+        cache_dir: str,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> OnnxTextEmbedding:
         return PooledNormalizedEmbedding(
-            model_name=model_name, cache_dir=cache_dir, threads=1, **kwargs
+            model_name=model_name,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            threads=1,
+            **kwargs,
         )

fastembed/text/text_embedding.py

@@ -1,91 +1,174 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Type, Union
+import warnings
+from typing import Any, Iterable, Sequence, Type
+from dataclasses import asdict
 
-import numpy as np
-
-from fastembed.common import OnnxProvider
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray, OnnxProvider, Device
 from fastembed.text.clip_embedding import CLIPOnnxEmbedding
-from fastembed.text.e5_onnx_embedding import E5OnnxEmbedding
+from fastembed.text.custom_text_embedding import CustomTextEmbedding
 from fastembed.text.pooled_normalized_embedding import PooledNormalizedEmbedding
 from fastembed.text.pooled_embedding import PooledEmbedding
+from fastembed.text.multitask_embedding import JinaEmbeddingV3
 from fastembed.text.onnx_embedding import OnnxTextEmbedding
 from fastembed.text.text_embedding_base import TextEmbeddingBase
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription, ModelSource, PoolingType
 
 
 class TextEmbedding(TextEmbeddingBase):
-    EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY: List[Type[TextEmbeddingBase]] = [
+    EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY: list[Type[TextEmbeddingBase]] = [
         OnnxTextEmbedding,
-        E5OnnxEmbedding,
         CLIPOnnxEmbedding,
         PooledNormalizedEmbedding,
         PooledEmbedding,
+        JinaEmbeddingV3,
+        CustomTextEmbedding,
     ]
 
     @classmethod
-    def list_supported_models(cls) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
-        """
-        Lists the supported models.
+    def list_supported_models(cls) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Lists the supported models.
 
         Returns:
-            List[Dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
-
-            Example:
-                ```
-                [
-                    {
-                        "model": "intfloat/multilingual-e5-large",
-                        "dim": 1024,
-                        "description": "Multilingual model, e5-large. Recommend using this model for non-English languages",
-                        "size_in_GB": 2.24,
-                        "sources": {
-                            "gcp": "https://storage.googleapis.com/qdrant-fastembed/fast-multilingual-e5-large.tar.gz",
-                            "hf": "qdrant/multilingual-e5-large-onnx",
-                        }
-                    }
-                ]
-                ```
+            list[dict[str, Any]]: A list of dictionaries containing the model information.
         """
-        result = []
+        return [asdict(model) for model in cls._list_supported_models()]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _list_supported_models(cls) -> list[DenseModelDescription]:
+        result: list[DenseModelDescription] = []
         for embedding in cls.EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY:
-            result.extend(embedding.list_supported_models())
+            result.extend(embedding._list_supported_models())
         return result
 
+    @classmethod
+    def add_custom_model(
+        cls,
+        model: str,
+        pooling: PoolingType,
+        normalization: bool,
+        sources: ModelSource,
+        dim: int,
+        model_file: str = "onnx/model.onnx",
+        description: str = "",
+        license: str = "",
+        size_in_gb: float = 0.0,
+        additional_files: list[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        registered_models = cls._list_supported_models()
+        for registered_model in registered_models:
+            if model.lower() == registered_model.model.lower():
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Model {model} is already registered in TextEmbedding, if you still want to add this model, "
+                    f"please use another model name"
+                )
+
+        CustomTextEmbedding.add_model(
+            DenseModelDescription(
+                model=model,
+                sources=sources,
+                dim=dim,
+                model_file=model_file,
+                description=description,
+                license=license,
+                size_in_GB=size_in_gb,
+                additional_files=additional_files or [],
+            ),
+            pooling=pooling,
+            normalization=normalization,
+        )
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str = "BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5",
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
-        threads: Optional[int] = None,
-        providers: Optional[Sequence[OnnxProvider]] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        providers: Sequence[OnnxProvider] | None = None,
+        cuda: bool | Device = Device.AUTO,
+        device_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+        lazy_load: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         super().__init__(model_name, cache_dir, threads, **kwargs)
-
+        if model_name.lower() == "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5-Q".lower():
+            warnings.warn(
+                "The model 'nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5-Q' has been updated on HuggingFace. Please review "
+                "the latest documentation on HF and release notes to ensure compatibility with your workflow. ",
+                UserWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+        if model_name.lower() in {
+            "sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2".lower(),
+            "thenlper/gte-large".lower(),
+            "intfloat/multilingual-e5-large".lower(),
+            "sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2".lower(),
+        }:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"The model {model_name} now uses mean pooling instead of CLS embedding. "
+                f"In order to preserve the previous behaviour, consider either pinning fastembed version to 0.5.1 or "
+                "using `add_custom_model` functionality.",
+                UserWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
         for EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE in self.EMBEDDINGS_REGISTRY:
-            supported_models = EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE.list_supported_models()
-            if any(
-                model_name.lower() == model["model"].lower()
-                for model in supported_models
-            ):
+            supported_models = EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE._list_supported_models()
+            if any(model_name.lower() == model.model.lower() for model in supported_models):
                 self.model = EMBEDDING_MODEL_TYPE(
-                    model_name,
-                    cache_dir,
+                    model_name=model_name,
+                    cache_dir=cache_dir,
                     threads=threads,
                     providers=providers,
+                    cuda=cuda,
+                    device_ids=device_ids,
+                    lazy_load=lazy_load,
                     **kwargs,
                 )
                 return
 
         raise ValueError(
-            f"Model {model_name} is not supported in TextEmbedding."
+            f"Model {model_name} is not supported in TextEmbedding. "
             "Please check the supported models using `TextEmbedding.list_supported_models()`"
         )
 
+    @property
+    def embedding_size(self) -> int:
+        """Get the embedding size of the current model"""
+        if self._embedding_size is None:
+            self._embedding_size = self.get_embedding_size(self.model_name)
+        return self._embedding_size
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_embedding_size(cls, model_name: str) -> int:
+        """Get the embedding size of the passed model
+
+        Args:
+            model_name (str): The name of the model to get embedding size for.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: The size of the embedding.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If the model name is not found in the supported models.
+        """
+        descriptions = cls._list_supported_models()
+        embedding_size: int | None = None
+        for description in descriptions:
+            if description.model.lower() == model_name.lower():
+                embedding_size = description.dim
+                break
+        if embedding_size is None:
+            model_names = [description.model for description in descriptions]
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Embedding size for model {model_name} was None. "
+                f"Available model names: {model_names}"
+            )
+        return embedding_size
+
     def embed(
         self,
-        documents: Union[str, Iterable[str]],
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
         batch_size: int = 256,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         """
         Encode a list of documents into list of embeddings.
         We use mean pooling with attention so that the model can handle variable-length inputs.
@@ -102,3 +185,44 @@ class TextEmbedding(TextEmbeddingBase):
             List of embeddings, one per document
         """
         yield from self.model.embed(documents, batch_size, parallel, **kwargs)
+
+    def query_embed(self, query: str | Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Embeds queries
+
+        Args:
+            query (Union[str, Iterable[str]]): The query to embed, or an iterable e.g. list of queries.
+
+        Returns:
+            Iterable[NumpyArray]: The embeddings.
+        """
+        # This is model-specific, so that different models can have specialized implementations
+        yield from self.model.query_embed(query, **kwargs)
+
+    def passage_embed(self, texts: Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
+        """
+        Embeds a list of text passages into a list of embeddings.
+
+        Args:
+            texts (Iterable[str]): The list of texts to embed.
+            **kwargs: Additional keyword argument to pass to the embed method.
+
+        Yields:
+            Iterable[SparseEmbedding]: The sparse embeddings.
+        """
+        # This is model-specific, so that different models can have specialized implementations
+        yield from self.model.passage_embed(texts, **kwargs)
+
+    def token_count(
+        self, texts: str | Iterable[str], batch_size: int = 1024, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> int:
+        """Returns the number of tokens in the texts.
+
+        Args:
+            texts (str | Iterable[str]): The list of texts to embed.
+            batch_size (int): Batch size for encoding
+
+        Returns:
+            int: Sum of number of tokens in the texts.
+        """
+        return self.model.token_count(texts, batch_size=batch_size, **kwargs)

fastembed/text/text_embedding_base.py

@@ -1,33 +1,34 @@
-from typing import Iterable, Optional, Union
-
-import numpy as np
+from typing import Iterable, Any
 
+from fastembed.common.model_description import DenseModelDescription
+from fastembed.common.types import NumpyArray
 from fastembed.common.model_management import ModelManagement
 
 
-class TextEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement):
+class TextEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement[DenseModelDescription]):
     def __init__(
         self,
         model_name: str,
-        cache_dir: Optional[str] = None,
-        threads: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
+        cache_dir: str | None = None,
+        threads: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
     ):
         self.model_name = model_name
         self.cache_dir = cache_dir
         self.threads = threads
         self._local_files_only = kwargs.pop("local_files_only", False)
+        self._embedding_size: int | None = None
 
     def embed(
         self,
-        documents: Union[str, Iterable[str]],
+        documents: str | Iterable[str],
         batch_size: int = 256,
-        parallel: Optional[int] = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+        parallel: int | None = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    def passage_embed(self, texts: Iterable[str], **kwargs) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+    def passage_embed(self, texts: Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         """
         Embeds a list of text passages into a list of embeddings.
 
@@ -36,15 +37,13 @@ class TextEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement):
             **kwargs: Additional keyword argument to pass to the embed method.
 
         Yields:
-            Iterable[np.ndarray]: The embeddings.
+            Iterable[NumpyArray]: The embeddings.
         """
 
         # This is model-specific, so that different models can have specialized implementations
         yield from self.embed(texts, **kwargs)
 
-    def query_embed(
-        self, query: Union[str, Iterable[str]], **kwargs
-    ) -> Iterable[np.ndarray]:
+    def query_embed(self, query: str | Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> Iterable[NumpyArray]:
         """
         Embeds queries
 
@@ -52,11 +51,25 @@ class TextEmbeddingBase(ModelManagement):
             query (Union[str, Iterable[str]]): The query to embed, or an iterable e.g. list of queries.
 
         Returns:
-            Iterable[np.ndarray]: The embeddings.
+            Iterable[NumpyArray]: The embeddings.
         """
 
         # This is model-specific, so that different models can have specialized implementations
         if isinstance(query, str):
             yield from self.embed([query], **kwargs)
-        if isinstance(query, Iterable):
+        else:
             yield from self.embed(query, **kwargs)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def get_embedding_size(cls, model_name: str) -> int:
+        """Returns embedding size of the passed model."""
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    @property
+    def embedding_size(self) -> int:
+        """Returns embedding size for the current model"""
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")
+
+    def token_count(self, texts: str | Iterable[str], **kwargs: Any) -> int:
+        """Returns the number of tokens in the texts."""
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement this method")

mkdocs.yml

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ copyright: |
 theme:
   name: material
   logo: assets/favicon.png
+  favicon: assets/favicon.png
   custom_dir: docs/overrides
   icon:
     repo: fontawesome/brands/github

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [tool.poetry]
-name = "fastembed"
-version = "0.3.5"
+name = "fastembed-gpu"
+version = "0.8.0"
 description = "Fast, light, accurate library built for retrieval embedding generation"
 authors = ["Qdrant Team <info@qdrant.tech>", "NirantK <nirant.bits@gmail.com>"]
 license = "Apache License"
@@ -11,40 +11,63 @@ repository = "https://github.com/qdrant/fastembed"
 keywords = ["vector", "embedding", "neural", "search", "qdrant", "sentence-transformers"]
 
 [tool.poetry.dependencies]
-python = ">=3.8.0,<3.13"
-onnx = "^1.15.0"
-onnxruntime = "^1.17.0"
+python = ">=3.10.0"
+numpy = [
+    { version = ">=1.21,<2.3.0", python = "3.10" },
+    { version = ">=1.21", python = "3.11" },
+    { version = ">=1.26", python = "3.12" },
+    { version = ">=2.1.0", python = "3.13" },
+    { version = ">=2.3.0", python = ">=3.14" },
+]
+onnxruntime-gpu = [
+    { version = ">=1.17.0,!=1.20.0,<1.24", python = "3.10" },
+    { version = ">=1.17.0,!=1.20.0,!=1.24.0,!=1.24.1", python = ">=3.11,<3.13" },
+    { version = ">1.21.0,!=1.24.0,!=1.24.1", python = "3.13" },
+    { version = ">=1.24.2", python = ">=3.14" },
+]
 tqdm = "^4.66"
 requests = "^2.31"
 tokenizers = ">=0.15,<1.0"
-huggingface-hub = ">=0.20,<1.0"
+huggingface-hub = ">=0.20,<2.0"
 loguru = "^0.7.2"
-numpy = [
-    { version = ">=1.21, <2", python = "<3.12" },
-    { version = ">=1.26, <2", python = ">=3.12" }
+pillow = [
+    { version = ">=10.3.0,<13.0", python = ">=3.10,<3.13" },
+    { version = ">=11.0.0,<13.0", python = "3.13" },
+    { version = ">=12.0.0,<13.0", python = ">=3.14" },
 ]
-pillow = "^10.3.0"
-snowballstemmer = "^2.2.0"
-PyStemmer = "^2.2.0"
-mmh3 = "^4.0"
+mmh3 = ">=4.1.0,<6.0.0"
+py-rust-stemmers = "^0.1.0"
 
-[tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
+[tool.poetry.group.test.dependencies]
 pytest = "^7.4.2"
 ruff = ">=0.3.1,<1.0"
+
+[tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
 notebook = ">=7.0.2"
-pre-commit = {version = "^3.6.2", python = ">=3.9,<3.12" }
+pre-commit = "^3.6.2"
+onnx = [
+    { version = ">=1.15.0", python = ">=3.10,<3.13" },
+    { version = ">=1.18.0", python = "3.13" },
+    { version = ">=1.20.0", python = ">=3.14" },
+]
 
 [tool.poetry.group.docs.dependencies]
 mkdocs-material = "^9.5.10"
 mkdocstrings = "^0.24.0"
-pillow = "^10.2.0"
+pillow = ">=10.3.0,<13.0.0"
 cairosvg = "^2.7.1"
 mknotebooks = "^0.8.0"
 
+[tool.poetry.group.types.dependencies]
+pyright = ">=1.1.293"
+mypy = "^1.0.0"
 
 [build-system]
 requires = ["poetry-core"]
 build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
 
+[tool.pyright]
+typeCheckingMode = "strict"
+
 [tool.ruff]
 line-length = 99

tests/profiling.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 # %%
 import time
-from typing import Callable, List, Tuple
+from typing import Callable
 
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import torch.nn.functional as F
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from fastembed.embedding import DefaultEmbedding
 # data is a list of strings, each string is a document.
 
 # %%
-documents: List[str] = [
+documents: list[str] = [
     "Chandrayaan-3 is India's third lunar mission",
     "It aimed to land a rover on the Moon's surface - joining the US, China and Russia",
     "The mission is a follow-up to Chandrayaan-2, which had partial success",
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class HF:
         self.model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(model_id)
         self.tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
 
-    def embed(self, texts: List[str]):
+    def embed(self, texts: list[str]):
         encoded_input = self.tokenizer(
             texts, max_length=512, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors="pt"
         )
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ embedding_model = DefaultEmbedding()
 # %%
 def calculate_time_stats(
     embed_func: Callable, documents: list, k: int
-) -> Tuple[float, float, float]:
+) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
     times = []
     for _ in range(k):
         # Timing the embed_func call
@@ -105,16 +105,14 @@ def calculate_time_stats(
 # %%
 hf_stats = calculate_time_stats(hf.embed, documents, k=2)
 print(f"Huggingface Transformers (Average, Max, Min): {hf_stats}")
-fst_stats = calculate_time_stats(
-    lambda x: list(embedding_model.embed(x)), documents, k=2
-)
+fst_stats = calculate_time_stats(lambda x: list(embedding_model.embed(x)), documents, k=2)
 print(f"FastEmbed (Average, Max, Min): {fst_stats}")
 
 
 # %%
 def plot_character_per_second_comparison(
-    hf_stats: Tuple[float, float, float],
-    fst_stats: Tuple[float, float, float],
+    hf_stats: tuple[float, float, float],
+    fst_stats: tuple[float, float, float],
     documents: list,
 ):
     # Calculating total characters in documents

tests/test_attention_embeddings.py

@@ -1,90 +1,126 @@
+import os
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 
 from fastembed import SparseTextEmbedding
+from tests.utils import delete_model_cache
+
+
+_MODELS_TO_CACHE = ("Qdrant/bm42-all-minilm-l6-v2-attentions", "Qdrant/bm25")
+MODELS_TO_CACHE = tuple([x.lower() for x in _MODELS_TO_CACHE])
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def model_cache():
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    cache = {}
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def get_model(model_name: str):
+        lowercase_model_name = model_name.lower()
+        if lowercase_model_name not in cache:
+            cache[lowercase_model_name] = SparseTextEmbedding(lowercase_model_name)
+        yield cache[lowercase_model_name]
+        if lowercase_model_name not in MODELS_TO_CACHE:
+            print("deleting model")
+            model_inst = cache.pop(lowercase_model_name)
+            if is_ci:
+                delete_model_cache(model_inst.model._model_dir)
+            del model_inst
+
+    yield get_model
+
+    if is_ci:
+        for name, model in cache.items():
+            delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+    cache.clear()
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["Qdrant/bm42-all-minilm-l6-v2-attentions", "Qdrant/bm25"])
-def test_attention_embeddings(model_name):
-    model = SparseTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
-
-    output = list(
-        model.query_embed(
-            [
-                "I must not fear. Fear is the mind-killer.",
-            ]
+def test_attention_embeddings(model_cache, model_name: str) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        output = list(
+            model.query_embed(
+                [
+                    "I must not fear. Fear is the mind-killer.",
+                ]
+            )
         )
-    )
 
-    assert len(output) == 1
+        assert len(output) == 1
 
-    for result in output:
-        assert len(result.indices) == len(result.values)
-        assert np.allclose(result.values, np.ones(len(result.values)))
+        for result in output:
+            assert len(result.indices) == len(result.values)
+            assert np.allclose(result.values, np.ones(len(result.values)))
 
-    quotes = [
-        "I must not fear. Fear is the mind-killer.",
-        "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.",
-        "It was a pleasure to burn.",
-        "The sky above the port was the color of television, tuned to a dead channel.",
-        "In the beginning, the universe was created."
-        " This has made a lot of people very angry and been widely regarded as a bad move.",
-        "It's a truth universally acknowledged that a zombie in possession of brains must be in want of more brains.",
-        "War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength.",
-        "We're not in Infinity; we're in the suburbs.",
-        "I was a thousand times more evil than thou!",
-        "History is merely a list of surprises... It can only prepare us to be surprised yet again.",
-        ".",  # Empty string
-    ]
+        quotes = [
+            "I must not fear. Fear is the mind-killer.",
+            "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.",
+            "It was a pleasure to burn.",
+            "The sky above the port was the color of television, tuned to a dead channel.",
+            "In the beginning, the universe was created."
+            " This has made a lot of people very angry and been widely regarded as a bad move.",
+            "It's a truth universally acknowledged that a zombie in possession of brains must be in want of more brains.",
+            "War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength.",
+            "We're not in Infinity; we're in the suburbs.",
+            "I was a thousand times more evil than thou!",
+            "History is merely a list of surprises... It can only prepare us to be surprised yet again.",
+            ".",  # Empty string
+        ]
 
-    output = list(model.embed(quotes))
+        output = list(model.embed(quotes))
 
-    assert len(output) == len(quotes)
+        assert len(output) == len(quotes)
 
-    for result in output[:-1]:
-        assert len(result.indices) == len(result.values)
-        assert len(result.indices) > 0
+        for result in output[:-1]:
+            assert len(result.indices) == len(result.values)
+            assert len(result.indices) > 0
 
-    assert len(output[-1].indices) == 0
+        assert len(output[-1].indices) == 0
 
-    # Test support for unknown languages
-    output = list(
-        model.query_embed(
-            [
-                "привет мир!",
-            ]
+        # Test support for unknown languages
+        output = list(
+            model.query_embed(
+                [
+                    "привет мир!",
+                ]
+            )
         )
-    )
 
-    assert len(output) == 1
+        assert len(output) == 1
 
-    for result in output:
-        assert len(result.indices) == len(result.values)
-        assert len(result.indices) == 2
+        for result in output:
+            assert len(result.indices) == len(result.values)
+            assert len(result.indices) == 2
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["Qdrant/bm42-all-minilm-l6-v2-attentions", "Qdrant/bm25"])
-def test_parallel_processing(model_name):
-    model = SparseTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
+def test_parallel_processing(model_cache, model_name: str) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        docs = [
+            "hello world",
+            "attention embedding",
+            "Mangez-vous vraiment des grenouilles?",
+        ] * 100
+        embeddings = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=2))
 
-    docs = ["hello world", "attention embedding", "Mangez-vous vraiment des grenouilles?"] * 100
-    embeddings = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=2))
+        embeddings_2 = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=None))
 
-    embeddings_2 = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=None))
+        embeddings_3 = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=0))
 
-    embeddings_3 = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=0))
+        assert len(embeddings) == len(docs)
 
-    assert len(embeddings) == len(docs)
-
-    for emb_1, emb_2, emb_3 in zip(embeddings, embeddings_2, embeddings_3):
-        assert np.allclose(emb_1.indices, emb_2.indices)
-        assert np.allclose(emb_1.indices, emb_3.indices)
-        assert np.allclose(emb_1.values, emb_2.values)
-        assert np.allclose(emb_1.values, emb_3.values)
+        for emb_1, emb_2, emb_3 in zip(embeddings, embeddings_2, embeddings_3):
+            assert np.allclose(emb_1.indices, emb_2.indices)
+            assert np.allclose(emb_1.indices, emb_3.indices)
+            assert np.allclose(emb_1.values, emb_2.values)
+            assert np.allclose(emb_1.values, emb_3.values)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["Qdrant/bm25"])
-def test_multilanguage(model_name):
+def test_multilanguage(model_cache, model_name: str) -> None:
     docs = ["Mangez-vous vraiment des grenouilles?", "Je suis au lit"]
 
     model = SparseTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, language="french")
@@ -92,13 +128,45 @@ def test_multilanguage(model_name):
     assert embeddings[0].values.shape == (3,)
     assert embeddings[0].indices.shape == (3,)
 
-    assert embeddings[1].values.shape == (2,)
-    assert embeddings[1].indices.shape == (2,)
+    assert embeddings[1].values.shape == (1,)
+    assert embeddings[1].indices.shape == (1,)
 
-    model = SparseTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, language="english")
-    embeddings = list(model.embed(docs))[:2]
-    assert embeddings[0].values.shape == (4,)
-    assert embeddings[0].indices.shape == (4,)
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:  # language = "english"
+        embeddings = list(model.embed(docs))[:2]
+        assert embeddings[0].values.shape == (5,)
+        assert embeddings[0].indices.shape == (5,)
 
-    assert embeddings[1].values.shape == (4,)
-    assert embeddings[1].indices.shape == (4,)
+        assert embeddings[1].values.shape == (4,)
+        assert embeddings[1].indices.shape == (4,)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["Qdrant/bm25"])
+def test_special_characters(model_cache, model_name: str) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        docs = [
+            "Über den größten Flüssen Österreichs äußern sich Experten häufig: Öko-Systeme müssen geschützt werden!",
+            "L'élève français s'écrie : « Où est mon crayon ? J'ai besoin de finir cet exercice avant la récréation!",
+            "Într-o zi însorită, Ștefan și Ioana au mâncat mămăligă cu brânză și au băut țuică la cabană.",
+            "Üzgün öğretmen öğrencilere seslendi: Lütfen gürültü yapmayın, sınavınızı bitirmeye çalışıyorum!",
+            "Ο Ξενοφών είπε: «Ψάχνω για ένα ωραίο δώρο για τη γιαγιά μου. Ίσως ένα φυτό ή ένα βιβλίο;»",
+            "Hola! ¿Cómo estás? Estoy muy emocionado por el cumpleaños de mi hermano, ¡va a ser increíble! También quiero comprar un pastel de chocolate con fresas y un regalo especial: un libro titulado «Cien años de soledad",
+        ]
+        embeddings = list(model.embed(docs))
+        for idx, shape in enumerate([14, 18, 15, 10, 15]):
+            assert embeddings[idx].values.shape == (shape,)
+            assert embeddings[idx].indices.shape == (shape,)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["Qdrant/bm42-all-minilm-l6-v2-attentions"])
+def test_lazy_load(model_name: str) -> None:
+    model = SparseTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    assert not hasattr(model.model, "model")
+    docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"]
+    list(model.embed(docs))
+    assert hasattr(model.model, "model")
+
+    model = SparseTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    list(model.query_embed(docs))
+
+    model = SparseTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    list(model.passage_embed(docs))

tests/test_common.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from fastembed import (
+    TextEmbedding,
+    SparseTextEmbedding,
+    ImageEmbedding,
+    LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding,
+    LateInteractionTextEmbedding,
+)
+
+
+def test_text_list_supported_models():
+    for model_type in [
+        TextEmbedding,
+        SparseTextEmbedding,
+        ImageEmbedding,
+        LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding,
+        LateInteractionTextEmbedding,
+    ]:
+        supported_models = model_type.list_supported_models()
+        assert isinstance(supported_models, list)
+        description = supported_models[0]
+        assert isinstance(description, dict)
+
+        assert "model" in description and description["model"]
+        if model_type != SparseTextEmbedding:
+            assert "dim" in description and description["dim"]
+        assert "license" in description and description["license"]
+        assert "size_in_GB" in description and description["size_in_GB"]
+        assert "model_file" in description and description["model_file"]
+        assert "sources" in description and description["sources"]
+        assert "hf" in description["sources"] or "url" in description["sources"]

tests/test_custom_models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+import itertools
+import os
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from fastembed.common.model_description import (
+    PoolingType,
+    ModelSource,
+    DenseModelDescription,
+    BaseModelDescription,
+)
+from fastembed.common.onnx_model import OnnxOutputContext
+from fastembed.common.utils import normalize, mean_pooling
+from fastembed.text.custom_text_embedding import CustomTextEmbedding, PostprocessingConfig
+from fastembed.rerank.cross_encoder.custom_text_cross_encoder import CustomTextCrossEncoder
+from fastembed.rerank.cross_encoder import TextCrossEncoder
+from fastembed.text.text_embedding import TextEmbedding
+from tests.utils import delete_model_cache
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def restore_custom_models_fixture():
+    CustomTextEmbedding.SUPPORTED_MODELS = []
+    CustomTextCrossEncoder.SUPPORTED_MODELS = []
+    yield
+    CustomTextEmbedding.SUPPORTED_MODELS = []
+    CustomTextCrossEncoder.SUPPORTED_MODELS = []
+
+
+def test_text_custom_model():
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    custom_model_name = "intfloat/multilingual-e5-small"
+    canonical_vector = np.array(
+        [3.1317e-02, 3.0939e-02, -3.5117e-02, -6.7274e-02, 8.5084e-02], dtype=np.float32
+    )
+    pooling = PoolingType.MEAN
+    normalization = True
+    dim = 384
+    size_in_gb = 0.47
+    source = ModelSource(hf=custom_model_name)
+
+    TextEmbedding.add_custom_model(
+        custom_model_name,
+        pooling=pooling,
+        normalization=normalization,
+        sources=source,
+        dim=dim,
+        size_in_gb=size_in_gb,
+    )
+
+    assert CustomTextEmbedding.SUPPORTED_MODELS[0] == DenseModelDescription(
+        model=custom_model_name,
+        sources=source,
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+        description="",
+        license="",
+        size_in_GB=size_in_gb,
+        additional_files=[],
+        dim=dim,
+        tasks={},
+    )
+    assert CustomTextEmbedding.POSTPROCESSING_MAPPING[custom_model_name] == PostprocessingConfig(
+        pooling=pooling, normalization=normalization
+    )
+
+    model = TextEmbedding(custom_model_name)
+    docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"]
+    embeddings = list(model.embed(docs))
+    embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
+    assert embeddings.shape == (2, dim)
+
+    assert np.allclose(embeddings[0, : canonical_vector.shape[0]], canonical_vector, atol=1e-3)
+
+    if is_ci:
+        delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+
+    CustomTextEmbedding.SUPPORTED_MODELS.clear()
+    CustomTextEmbedding.POSTPROCESSING_MAPPING.clear()
+
+
+def test_cross_encoder_custom_model():
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    custom_model_name = "Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-4-v2"
+    size_in_gb = 0.08
+    source = ModelSource(hf=custom_model_name)
+    canonical_vector = np.array([-5.7170815, -11.112114], dtype=np.float32)
+
+    TextCrossEncoder.add_custom_model(
+        custom_model_name,
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+        sources=source,
+        size_in_gb=size_in_gb,
+    )
+
+    assert CustomTextCrossEncoder.SUPPORTED_MODELS[0] == BaseModelDescription(
+        model=custom_model_name,
+        sources=source,
+        model_file="onnx/model.onnx",
+        description="",
+        license="",
+        size_in_GB=size_in_gb,
+    )
+
+    model = TextCrossEncoder(custom_model_name)
+    pairs = [
+        ("What is AI?", "Artificial intelligence is ..."),
+        ("What is ML?", "Machine learning is ..."),
+    ]
+    scores = list(model.rerank_pairs(pairs))
+
+    embeddings = np.stack(scores, axis=0)
+    assert embeddings.shape == (2,)
+    assert np.allclose(embeddings, canonical_vector, atol=1e-3)
+    if is_ci:
+        delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+
+    CustomTextCrossEncoder.SUPPORTED_MODELS.clear()
+
+
+def test_mock_add_custom_models():
+    dim = 5
+    size_in_gb = 0.1
+    source = ModelSource(hf="artificial")
+
+    num_tokens = 10
+    dummy_pooled_embedding = np.random.random((1, dim)).astype(np.float32)
+    dummy_token_embedding = np.random.random((1, num_tokens, dim)).astype(np.float32)
+    dummy_attention_mask = np.ones((1, num_tokens)).astype(np.int64)
+
+    dummy_token_output = OnnxOutputContext(
+        model_output=dummy_token_embedding, attention_mask=dummy_attention_mask
+    )
+    dummy_pooled_output = OnnxOutputContext(model_output=dummy_pooled_embedding)
+    input_data = {
+        f"{PoolingType.MEAN.lower()}-normalized": dummy_token_output,
+        f"{PoolingType.MEAN.lower()}": dummy_token_output,
+        f"{PoolingType.CLS.lower()}-normalized": dummy_token_output,
+        f"{PoolingType.CLS.lower()}": dummy_token_output,
+        f"{PoolingType.DISABLED.lower()}-normalized": dummy_pooled_output,
+        f"{PoolingType.DISABLED.lower()}": dummy_pooled_output,
+    }
+
+    expected_output = {
+        f"{PoolingType.MEAN.lower()}-normalized": normalize(
+            mean_pooling(dummy_token_embedding, dummy_attention_mask)
+        ),
+        f"{PoolingType.MEAN.lower()}": mean_pooling(dummy_token_embedding, dummy_attention_mask),
+        f"{PoolingType.CLS.lower()}-normalized": normalize(dummy_token_embedding[:, 0]),
+        f"{PoolingType.CLS.lower()}": dummy_token_embedding[:, 0],
+        f"{PoolingType.DISABLED.lower()}-normalized": normalize(dummy_pooled_embedding),
+        f"{PoolingType.DISABLED.lower()}": dummy_pooled_embedding,
+    }
+
+    for pooling, normalization in itertools.product(
+        (PoolingType.MEAN, PoolingType.CLS, PoolingType.DISABLED), (True, False)
+    ):
+        model_name = f"{pooling.name.lower()}{'-normalized' if normalization else ''}"
+        TextEmbedding.add_custom_model(
+            model_name,
+            pooling=pooling,
+            normalization=normalization,
+            sources=source,
+            dim=dim,
+            size_in_gb=size_in_gb,
+        )
+
+        custom_text_embedding = CustomTextEmbedding(
+            model_name,
+            lazy_load=True,
+            specific_model_path="./",  # disable model downloading and loading
+        )
+
+        post_processed_output = next(
+            iter(custom_text_embedding._post_process_onnx_output(input_data[model_name]))
+        )
+        assert np.allclose(post_processed_output, expected_output[model_name], atol=1e-3)
+
+    CustomTextEmbedding.SUPPORTED_MODELS.clear()
+    CustomTextEmbedding.POSTPROCESSING_MAPPING.clear()
+
+
+def test_do_not_add_existing_model():
+    existing_base_model = "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2"
+    custom_model_name = "intfloat/multilingual-e5-small"
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=f"Model {existing_base_model} is already registered"):
+        TextEmbedding.add_custom_model(
+            existing_base_model,
+            pooling=PoolingType.MEAN,
+            normalization=True,
+            sources=ModelSource(hf=existing_base_model),
+            dim=384,
+            size_in_gb=0.47,
+        )
+
+    TextEmbedding.add_custom_model(
+        custom_model_name,
+        pooling=PoolingType.MEAN,
+        normalization=False,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf=existing_base_model),
+        dim=384,
+        size_in_gb=0.47,
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=f"Model {custom_model_name} is already registered"):
+        TextEmbedding.add_custom_model(
+            custom_model_name,
+            pooling=PoolingType.MEAN,
+            normalization=True,
+            sources=ModelSource(hf=custom_model_name),
+            dim=384,
+            size_in_gb=0.47,
+        )
+
+    CustomTextEmbedding.SUPPORTED_MODELS.clear()
+    CustomTextEmbedding.POSTPROCESSING_MAPPING.clear()
+
+
+def test_do_not_add_existing_cross_encoder():
+    existing_base_model = "Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2"
+    custom_model_name = "Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-4-v2"
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=f"Model {existing_base_model} is already registered"):
+        TextCrossEncoder.add_custom_model(
+            existing_base_model,
+            sources=ModelSource(hf=existing_base_model),
+            size_in_gb=0.08,
+        )
+
+    TextCrossEncoder.add_custom_model(
+        custom_model_name,
+        sources=ModelSource(hf=existing_base_model),
+        size_in_gb=0.08,
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=f"Model {custom_model_name} is already registered"):
+        TextCrossEncoder.add_custom_model(
+            custom_model_name,
+            sources=ModelSource(hf=custom_model_name),
+            size_in_gb=0.08,
+        )
+
+    CustomTextCrossEncoder.SUPPORTED_MODELS.clear()

tests/test_image_onnx_embeddings.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import os
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 from io import BytesIO
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ from PIL import Image
 
 from fastembed import ImageEmbedding
 from tests.config import TEST_MISC_DIR
+from tests.utils import delete_model_cache, should_test_model
 
 CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES = {
     "Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision": np.array([-0.0098, 0.0128, -0.0274, 0.002, -0.0059]),
@@ -20,76 +22,154 @@ CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES = {
     "Qdrant/Unicom-ViT-B-32": np.array(
         [0.0418, 0.0550, 0.0003, 0.0253, -0.0185, 0.0016, -0.0368, -0.0402, -0.0891, -0.0186]
     ),
+    "jinaai/jina-clip-v1": np.array(
+        [-0.029, 0.0216, 0.0396, 0.0283, -0.0023, 0.0151, 0.011, -0.0235, 0.0251, -0.0343]
+    ),
 }
 
+_MODELS_TO_CACHE = ("Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision",)
+MODELS_TO_CACHE = tuple([x.lower() for x in _MODELS_TO_CACHE])
 
-def test_embedding():
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def model_cache():
     is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    cache = {}
 
-    for model_desc in ImageEmbedding.list_supported_models():
-        if not is_ci and model_desc["size_in_GB"] > 1:
+    @contextmanager
+    def get_model(model_name: str):
+        lowercase_model_name = model_name.lower()
+        if lowercase_model_name not in cache:
+            cache[lowercase_model_name] = ImageEmbedding(lowercase_model_name)
+        yield cache[lowercase_model_name]
+        if lowercase_model_name not in MODELS_TO_CACHE:
+            model_inst = cache.pop(lowercase_model_name)
+            if is_ci:
+                delete_model_cache(model_inst.model._model_dir)
+            del model_inst
+
+    yield get_model
+
+    if is_ci:
+        for name, model in cache.items():
+            delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+    cache.clear()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision"])
+def test_embedding(model_cache, model_name: str) -> None:
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    is_manual = os.getenv("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME") == "workflow_dispatch"
+
+    for model_desc in ImageEmbedding._list_supported_models():
+        if not should_test_model(model_desc, model_name, is_ci, is_manual):
             continue
 
-        dim = model_desc["dim"]
+        dim = model_desc.dim
 
-        model = ImageEmbedding(model_name=model_desc["model"])
+        with model_cache(model_desc.model) as model:
+            images = [
+                TEST_MISC_DIR / "image.jpeg",
+                str(TEST_MISC_DIR / "small_image.jpeg"),
+                Image.open((TEST_MISC_DIR / "small_image.jpeg")),
+                Image.open(BytesIO(requests.get("https://qdrant.tech/img/logo.png").content)),
+            ]
+            embeddings = list(model.embed(images))
+            embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
+            assert embeddings.shape == (len(images), dim)
 
-        images = [
+            canonical_vector = CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES[model_desc.model]
+
+            assert np.allclose(
+                embeddings[0, : canonical_vector.shape[0]], canonical_vector, atol=1e-3
+            ), model_desc.model
+
+            assert np.allclose(embeddings[1], embeddings[2]), model_desc.model
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("n_dims,model_name", [(512, "Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision")])
+def test_batch_embedding(model_cache, n_dims: int, model_name: str) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        n_images = 32
+        test_images = [
             TEST_MISC_DIR / "image.jpeg",
             str(TEST_MISC_DIR / "small_image.jpeg"),
-            Image.open((TEST_MISC_DIR / "small_image.jpeg")),
-            Image.open(BytesIO(requests.get("https://qdrant.tech/img/logo.png").content)),
+            Image.open(TEST_MISC_DIR / "small_image.jpeg"),
         ]
-        embeddings = list(model.embed(images))
+        images = test_images * n_images
+
+        embeddings = list(model.embed(images, batch_size=10))
         embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
-        assert embeddings.shape == (len(images), dim)
+        assert np.allclose(embeddings[1], embeddings[2])
 
-        canonical_vector = CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES[model_desc["model"]]
+        canonical_vector = CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES[model_name]
 
-        assert np.allclose(
-            embeddings[0, : canonical_vector.shape[0]], canonical_vector, atol=1e-3
-        ), model_desc["model"]
-
-        assert np.allclose(embeddings[1], embeddings[2]), model_desc["model"]
+        assert embeddings.shape == (len(test_images) * n_images, n_dims)
+        assert np.allclose(embeddings[0, : canonical_vector.shape[0]], canonical_vector, atol=1e-3)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("n_dims,model_name", [(512, "Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision")])
-def test_batch_embedding(n_dims, model_name):
-    model = ImageEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
-    n_images = 32
-    test_images = [
+def test_parallel_processing(model_cache, n_dims: int, model_name: str) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        n_images = 32
+        test_images = [
+            TEST_MISC_DIR / "image.jpeg",
+            str(TEST_MISC_DIR / "small_image.jpeg"),
+            Image.open(TEST_MISC_DIR / "small_image.jpeg"),
+        ]
+        images = test_images * n_images
+        embeddings = list(model.embed(images, batch_size=10, parallel=2))
+        embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
+
+        embeddings_2 = list(model.embed(images, batch_size=10, parallel=None))
+        embeddings_2 = np.stack(embeddings_2, axis=0)
+
+        embeddings_3 = list(model.embed(images, batch_size=10, parallel=0))
+        embeddings_3 = np.stack(embeddings_3, axis=0)
+
+        assert embeddings.shape == (n_images * len(test_images), n_dims)
+        assert np.allclose(embeddings, embeddings_2, atol=1e-3)
+        assert np.allclose(embeddings, embeddings_3, atol=1e-3)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision"])
+def test_lazy_load(model_name: str) -> None:
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    model = ImageEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    assert not hasattr(model.model, "model")
+    images = [
         TEST_MISC_DIR / "image.jpeg",
         str(TEST_MISC_DIR / "small_image.jpeg"),
-        Image.open(TEST_MISC_DIR / "small_image.jpeg"),
     ]
-    images = test_images * n_images
-
-    embeddings = list(model.embed(images, batch_size=10))
-    embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
-
-    assert embeddings.shape == (len(test_images) * n_images, n_dims)
+    list(model.embed(images))
+    assert hasattr(model.model, "model")
+    if is_ci:
+        delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("n_dims,model_name", [(512, "Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision")])
-def test_parallel_processing(n_dims, model_name):
-    model = ImageEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
+def test_get_embedding_size() -> None:
+    assert ImageEmbedding.get_embedding_size(model_name="Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision") == 512
+    assert ImageEmbedding.get_embedding_size(model_name="Qdrant/clip-vit-b-32-vision") == 512
 
-    n_images = 32
-    test_images = [
-        TEST_MISC_DIR / "image.jpeg",
-        str(TEST_MISC_DIR / "small_image.jpeg"),
-        Image.open(TEST_MISC_DIR / "small_image.jpeg"),
-    ]
-    images = test_images * n_images
-    embeddings = list(model.embed(images, batch_size=10, parallel=2))
-    embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
 
-    embeddings_2 = list(model.embed(images, batch_size=10, parallel=None))
-    embeddings_2 = np.stack(embeddings_2, axis=0)
+def test_embedding_size() -> None:
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    model_name = "Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision"
+    model = ImageEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    assert model.embedding_size == 512
 
-    embeddings_3 = list(model.embed(images, batch_size=10, parallel=0))
-    embeddings_3 = np.stack(embeddings_3, axis=0)
+    model_name = "Qdrant/clip-vit-b-32-vision"
+    model = ImageEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    assert model.embedding_size == 512
+    if is_ci:
+        delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
 
-    assert embeddings.shape == (n_images * len(test_images), n_dims)
-    assert np.allclose(embeddings, embeddings_2, atol=1e-3)
-    assert np.allclose(embeddings, embeddings_3, atol=1e-3)
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision"])
+def test_session_options(model_cache, model_name) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as default_model:
+        default_session_options = default_model.model.model.get_session_options()
+        assert default_session_options.enable_cpu_mem_arena is True
+        model = ImageEmbedding(model_name=model_name, enable_cpu_mem_arena=False)
+        session_options = model.model.model.get_session_options()
+        assert session_options.enable_cpu_mem_arena is False

tests/test_late_interaction_embeddings.py

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
+import os
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+import pytest
 import numpy as np
 
 from fastembed.late_interaction.late_interaction_text_embedding import (
     LateInteractionTextEmbedding,
 )
+from tests.utils import delete_model_cache, should_test_model
 
 # vectors are abridged and rounded for brevity
 CANONICAL_COLUMN_VALUES = {
@@ -24,6 +29,15 @@ CANONICAL_COLUMN_VALUES = {
             [-0.07281, 0.04633, -0.04711, 0.00762, -0.07374],
         ]
     ),
+    "jinaai/jina-colbert-v2": np.array(
+        [
+            [0.0742, 0.0591, -0.2403, -0.1774, 0.02],
+            [0.1318, 0.0882, -0.1138, -0.2066, 0.146],
+            [-0.0183, -0.1354, -0.0139, -0.1079, -0.051],
+            [0.0003, -0.1184, -0.07, -0.0479, -0.0649],
+            [0.0766, 0.0452, -0.2343, -0.183, 0.0058],
+        ]
+    ),
 }
 
 CANONICAL_QUERY_VALUES = {
@@ -99,59 +113,232 @@ CANONICAL_QUERY_VALUES = {
             [-0.03473, 0.04792, -0.07033, 0.02196, -0.05314],
         ]
     ),
+    "jinaai/jina-colbert-v2": np.array(
+        [
+            [0.0477, 0.0255, -0.2224, -0.1085, -0.03],
+            [0.0206, -0.0845, -0.0075, -0.1712, 0.0156],
+            [-0.0056, -0.0957, -0.0147, -0.1277, -0.0225],
+            [0.0486, -0.0499, -0.1609, 0.0194, 0.0274],
+            [0.0481, 0.0253, -0.2278, -0.1126, -0.0294],
+            [0.0599, -0.0678, -0.0956, -0.0757, 0.0236],
+            [0.0592, -0.0862, -0.0621, -0.1084, 0.0155],
+            [0.0874, -0.0714, -0.0772, -0.1414, 0.037],
+            [0.1009, -0.0552, -0.0669, -0.163, 0.0493],
+            [0.1135, -0.047, -0.0576, -0.1699, 0.0538],
+            [0.1228, -0.0428, -0.0507, -0.1725, 0.0562],
+            [0.1291, -0.0388, -0.042, -0.1753, 0.0569],
+            [0.1365, -0.0337, -0.0326, -0.1786, 0.0574],
+            [0.1439, -0.026, -0.024, -0.1831, 0.0574],
+            [0.1527, -0.0099, -0.0179, -0.1874, 0.057],
+            [0.1555, 0.0186, -0.023, -0.1801, 0.0539],
+            [0.1389, 0.054, -0.0345, -0.1636, 0.0429],
+            [0.1058, 0.0862, -0.0418, -0.1455, 0.0222],
+            [0.0713, 0.1061, -0.0438, -0.1288, 0.0002],
+            [0.0453, 0.1143, -0.0457, -0.1119, -0.019],
+            [0.0346, 0.1131, -0.0487, -0.0952, -0.0338],
+            [0.0355, 0.1073, -0.0493, -0.0823, -0.0438],
+            [0.0424, 0.1041, -0.0459, -0.0761, -0.048],
+            [0.048, 0.102, -0.0421, -0.0718, -0.0477],
+            [0.0474, 0.0989, -0.0413, -0.0654, -0.0431],
+            [0.0434, 0.095, -0.0415, -0.0589, -0.0345],
+            [0.0408, 0.0897, -0.0405, -0.0554, -0.0197],
+            [0.0433, 0.0811, -0.0407, -0.0545, 0.0055],
+            [0.0514, 0.0629, -0.0446, -0.0549, 0.0368],
+            [0.058, 0.048, -0.0527, -0.0607, 0.0568],
+            [0.0561, 0.0447, -0.0661, -0.0702, 0.0764],
+            [0.0204, -0.0856, -0.0386, -0.1232, -0.0332],
+        ]
+    ),
 }
 
+_MODELS_TO_CACHE = ("answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1",)
+MODELS_TO_CACHE = tuple([x.lower() for x in _MODELS_TO_CACHE])
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def model_cache():
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    cache = {}
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def get_model(model_name: str):
+        lowercase_model_name = model_name.lower()
+        if lowercase_model_name not in cache:
+            cache[lowercase_model_name] = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(lowercase_model_name)
+        yield cache[lowercase_model_name]
+        if lowercase_model_name not in MODELS_TO_CACHE:
+            model_inst = cache.pop(lowercase_model_name)
+            if is_ci:
+                delete_model_cache(model_inst.model._model_dir)
+            del model_inst
+
+    yield get_model
+
+    if is_ci:
+        for name, model in cache.items():
+            delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+    cache.clear()
+
+
 docs = ["Hello World"]
 
 
-def test_batch_embedding():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1"])
+def test_batch_embedding(model_cache, model_name: str):
     docs_to_embed = docs * 10
 
-    for model_name, expected_result in CANONICAL_COLUMN_VALUES.items():
-        print("evaluating", model_name)
-        model = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
         result = list(model.embed(docs_to_embed, batch_size=6))
+        expected_result = CANONICAL_COLUMN_VALUES[model_name]
 
         for value in result:
             token_num, abridged_dim = expected_result.shape
-            assert np.allclose(value[:, :abridged_dim], expected_result, atol=10e-4)
+            assert np.allclose(value[:, :abridged_dim], expected_result, atol=2e-3)
 
 
-def test_single_embedding():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1"])
+def test_batch_inference_size_same_as_single_inference(model_cache, model_name: str):
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        docs_to_embed = [
+            "short document",
+            "A bit longer document, which should not affect the size",
+        ]
+        result = list(model.embed(docs_to_embed, batch_size=1))
+        result_2 = list(model.embed(docs_to_embed, batch_size=2))
+        assert len(result[0]) == len(result_2[0])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1"])
+def test_single_embedding(model_cache, model_name: str):
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    is_manual = os.getenv("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME") == "workflow_dispatch"
     docs_to_embed = docs
 
-    for model_name, expected_result in CANONICAL_COLUMN_VALUES.items():
+    for model_desc in LateInteractionTextEmbedding._list_supported_models():
+        if not should_test_model(model_desc, model_name, is_ci, is_manual):
+            continue
+
         print("evaluating", model_name)
-        model = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
-        result = next(iter(model.embed(docs_to_embed, batch_size=6)))
-        token_num, abridged_dim = expected_result.shape
-        assert np.allclose(result[:, :abridged_dim], expected_result, atol=10e-4)
+        with model_cache(model_desc.model) as model:
+            whole_result = list(model.embed(docs_to_embed, batch_size=6))
+            assert len(whole_result) == 1
+            result = whole_result[0]
+            expected_result = CANONICAL_COLUMN_VALUES[model_desc.model]
+            token_num, abridged_dim = expected_result.shape
+            assert np.allclose(result[:, :abridged_dim], expected_result, atol=2e-3)
 
 
-def test_single_embedding_query():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1"])
+def test_single_embedding_query(model_cache, model_name: str):
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    is_manual = os.getenv("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME") == "workflow_dispatch"
     queries_to_embed = docs
 
-    for model_name, expected_result in CANONICAL_QUERY_VALUES.items():
-        print("evaluating", model_name)
-        model = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
-        result = next(iter(model.query_embed(queries_to_embed)))
-        token_num, abridged_dim = expected_result.shape
-        assert np.allclose(result[:, :abridged_dim], expected_result, atol=10e-4)
+    for model_desc in LateInteractionTextEmbedding._list_supported_models():
+        if not should_test_model(model_desc, model_name, is_ci, is_manual):
+            continue
+
+        print("evaluating", model_desc.model)
+        with model_cache(model_desc.model) as model:
+            whole_result = list(model.query_embed(queries_to_embed))
+            assert len(whole_result) == 1
+            result = whole_result[0]
+            expected_result = CANONICAL_QUERY_VALUES[model_desc.model]
+            token_num, abridged_dim = expected_result.shape
+            assert np.allclose(result[:, :abridged_dim], expected_result, atol=2e-3)
 
 
-def test_parallel_processing():
-    model = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(model_name="colbert-ir/colbertv2.0")
-    token_dim = 128
-    docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"] * 100
-    embeddings = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=2))
-    embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("token_dim,model_name", [(96, "answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1")])
+def test_parallel_processing(model_cache, token_dim: int, model_name: str):
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"] * 100
+        embeddings = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=2))
 
-    embeddings_2 = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=None))
-    embeddings_2 = np.stack(embeddings_2, axis=0)
+        embeddings_2 = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=None))
 
-    embeddings_3 = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=0))
-    embeddings_3 = np.stack(embeddings_3, axis=0)
+        # embeddings_3 = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=0))  # inherits OnnxTextModel which
+        #         # is tested in TextEmbedding, disabling it here to reduce number of requests to hf
+        #         # multiprocessing is enough to test with `parallel=2`, and `parallel=None` is okay to tests since it reuses
+        #         # model from cache
 
-    assert embeddings.shape[0] == len(docs) and embeddings.shape[-1] == token_dim
-    assert np.allclose(embeddings, embeddings_2, atol=1e-3)
-    assert np.allclose(embeddings, embeddings_3, atol=1e-3)
+        assert len(embeddings) == len(docs) and embeddings[0].shape[-1] == token_dim
+
+        for i in range(len(embeddings)):
+            assert np.allclose(embeddings[i], embeddings_2[i], atol=1e-3)
+            # assert np.allclose(embeddings[i], embeddings_3[i], atol=1e-3)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1"])
+def test_lazy_load(model_name: str):
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+
+    model = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    assert not hasattr(model.model, "model")
+
+    docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"]
+    list(model.embed(docs))
+    assert hasattr(model.model, "model")
+
+    model = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    list(model.query_embed(docs))
+
+    model = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    list(model.passage_embed(docs))
+
+    if is_ci:
+        delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+
+
+def test_get_embedding_size():
+    model_name = "answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1"
+    assert LateInteractionTextEmbedding.get_embedding_size(model_name) == 96
+
+    model_name = "answerdotai/answerai-ColBERT-small-v1"
+    assert LateInteractionTextEmbedding.get_embedding_size(model_name) == 96
+
+
+def test_embedding_size():
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    model_name = "answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1"
+    model = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    assert model.embedding_size == 96
+
+    model_name = "answerdotai/answerai-ColBERT-small-v1"
+    model = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    assert model.embedding_size == 96
+    if is_ci:
+        delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["answerdotai/answerai-ColBERT-small-v1"])
+def test_session_options(model_cache, model_name) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as default_model:
+        default_session_options = default_model.model.model.get_session_options()
+        assert default_session_options.enable_cpu_mem_arena is True
+        model = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, enable_cpu_mem_arena=False)
+        session_options = model.model.model.get_session_options()
+        assert session_options.enable_cpu_mem_arena is False
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["answerdotai/answerai-colbert-small-v1"])
+def test_token_count(model_cache, model_name) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        documents = ["short doc", "it is a long document to check attention mask for paddings"]
+        short_doc_token_count = model.token_count(documents[0])
+        long_doc_token_count = model.token_count(documents[1])
+        documents_token_count = model.token_count(documents)
+        assert short_doc_token_count + long_doc_token_count == documents_token_count
+        # 2 is 2*DOC_MARKER_TOKEN_ID for each document
+        assert short_doc_token_count + long_doc_token_count + 2 == model.token_count(
+            documents, include_extension=True
+        )
+        assert short_doc_token_count + long_doc_token_count == model.token_count(
+            documents, batch_size=1
+        )
+        assert short_doc_token_count + long_doc_token_count == model.token_count(
+            documents, is_doc=False
+        )
+        # query min length is 32
+        assert model.token_count(documents, is_doc=False, include_extension=True) == 64
+        very_long_query = "It's a very long query which definitely contains more than 32 tokens and we're using it to check whether the method can handle large query properly without cutting it to 32 tokens"
+        assert model.token_count(very_long_query, is_doc=False, include_extension=True) > 32

tests/test_late_interaction_multimodal.py

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+import os
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+import pytest
+from PIL import Image
+import numpy as np
+
+from fastembed import LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding
+from tests.config import TEST_MISC_DIR
+from tests.utils import delete_model_cache
+
+# vectors are abridged and rounded for brevity
+CANONICAL_IMAGE_VALUES = {
+    "Qdrant/colpali-v1.3-fp16": np.array(
+        [
+            [-0.0345, -0.022, 0.0567, -0.0518, -0.0782, 0.1714, -0.1738],
+            [-0.1181, -0.099, 0.0268, 0.0774, 0.0228, 0.0563, -0.1021],
+            [-0.117, -0.0683, 0.0371, 0.0921, 0.0107, 0.0659, -0.0666],
+            [-0.1393, -0.0948, 0.037, 0.0951, -0.0126, 0.0678, -0.087],
+            [-0.0957, -0.081, 0.0404, 0.052, 0.0409, 0.0335, -0.064],
+            [-0.0626, -0.0445, 0.056, 0.0592, -0.0229, 0.0409, -0.0301],
+            [-0.1299, -0.0691, 0.1097, 0.0728, 0.0123, 0.0519, 0.0122],
+        ]
+    ),
+    "Qdrant/colmodernvbert": np.array(
+        [
+            [0.11614, -0.15793, -0.11194, 0.0688, 0.08001, 0.10575, -0.07871],
+            [0.10094, -0.13301, -0.12069, 0.10932, 0.04645, 0.09884, 0.04048],
+            [0.13106, -0.18613, -0.13469, 0.10566, 0.03659, 0.07712, -0.03916],
+            [0.09754, -0.09596, -0.04839, 0.14991, 0.05692, 0.10569, -0.08349],
+            [0.02576, -0.15651, -0.09977, 0.09707, 0.13412, 0.09994, -0.09931],
+            [-0.06741, -0.1787, -0.19677, -0.07618, 0.13102, -0.02131, -0.02437],
+            [-0.02776, -0.10187, -0.13793, 0.03835, 0.04766, 0.04701, -0.15635],
+        ]
+    ),
+}
+
+CANONICAL_QUERY_VALUES = {
+    "Qdrant/colpali-v1.3-fp16": np.array(
+        [
+            [-0.0023, 0.1477, 0.1594, 0.046, -0.0196, 0.0554, 0.1567],
+            [-0.0139, -0.0057, 0.0932, 0.0052, -0.0678, 0.0131, 0.0537],
+            [0.0054, 0.0364, 0.2078, -0.074, 0.0355, 0.061, 0.1593],
+            [-0.0076, -0.0154, 0.2266, 0.0103, 0.0089, -0.024, 0.098],
+            [-0.0274, 0.0098, 0.2106, -0.0634, 0.0616, -0.0021, 0.0708],
+            [0.0074, 0.0025, 0.1631, -0.0802, 0.0418, -0.0219, 0.1022],
+            [-0.0165, -0.0106, 0.1672, -0.0768, 0.0389, -0.0038, 0.1137],
+        ]
+    ),
+    "Qdrant/colmodernvbert": np.array(
+        [
+            [0.05, 0.06557, 0.04026, 0.14981, 0.1842, 0.0263, -0.18706],
+            [-0.05664, -0.14028, 0.00649, -0.02849, 0.09034, -0.01494, 0.10693],
+            [-0.10147, -0.00716, 0.09084, -0.08236, -0.01849, -0.00972, -0.00461],
+            [-0.1233, -0.10814, -0.02337, -0.00329, 0.05984, 0.09934, 0.09846],
+            [-0.07053, -0.13119, -0.06487, 0.01508, 0.07459, 0.07655, 0.14821],
+            [0.00526, -0.13842, -0.05837, -0.02721, 0.13009, 0.05076, 0.17962],
+            [0.00924, -0.14383, -0.03057, -0.03691, 0.11718, 0.037, 0.13344],
+        ]
+    ),
+}
+
+queries = ["hello world", "flag embedding"]
+images = [
+    TEST_MISC_DIR / "image.jpeg",
+    str(TEST_MISC_DIR / "image.jpeg"),
+    Image.open((TEST_MISC_DIR / "image.jpeg")),
+]
+
+_MODELS_TO_CACHE = ("Qdrant/colmodernvbert",)
+MODELS_TO_CACHE = tuple(model_name.lower() for model_name in _MODELS_TO_CACHE)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def model_cache():
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    cache = {}
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def get_model(model_name: str):
+        lowercase_model_name = model_name.lower()
+        if lowercase_model_name not in cache:
+            cache[lowercase_model_name] = LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding(lowercase_model_name)
+        yield cache[lowercase_model_name]
+        if lowercase_model_name not in MODELS_TO_CACHE:
+            model_inst = cache.pop(lowercase_model_name)
+            if is_ci:
+                delete_model_cache(model_inst.model._model_dir)
+            del model_inst
+
+    yield get_model
+
+    if is_ci:
+        for _, model in cache.items():
+            delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+    cache.clear()
+
+
+def test_batch_embedding(model_cache):
+    for model_name, expected_result in CANONICAL_IMAGE_VALUES.items():
+        if model_name.lower() == "Qdrant/colpali-v1.3-fp16".lower() and os.getenv("CI"):
+            continue  # colpali is too large for ci
+
+        print("evaluating", model_name)
+        with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+            result = list(model.embed_image(images, batch_size=2))
+
+            for value in result:
+                token_num, abridged_dim = expected_result.shape
+                assert np.allclose(value[:token_num, :abridged_dim], expected_result, atol=2e-3)
+
+
+def test_single_embedding(model_cache):
+    for model_name, expected_result in CANONICAL_IMAGE_VALUES.items():
+        if model_name.lower() == "Qdrant/colpali-v1.3-fp16".lower() and os.getenv("CI"):
+            continue  # colpali is too large for ci
+        print("evaluating", model_name)
+        with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+            result = next(iter(model.embed_image(images, batch_size=6)))
+            token_num, abridged_dim = expected_result.shape
+            assert np.allclose(result[:token_num, :abridged_dim], expected_result, atol=2e-3)
+
+
+def test_single_embedding_query(model_cache):
+    for model_name, expected_result in CANONICAL_QUERY_VALUES.items():
+        if model_name.lower() == "Qdrant/colpali-v1.3-fp16".lower() and os.getenv("CI"):
+            continue  # colpali is too large for ci
+        print("evaluating", model_name)
+        with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+            result = next(iter(model.embed_text(queries)))
+            token_num, abridged_dim = expected_result.shape
+            assert np.allclose(result[:token_num, :abridged_dim], expected_result, atol=2e-3)
+
+
+def test_get_embedding_size():
+    model_name = "Qdrant/colpali-v1.3-fp16"
+    assert LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding.get_embedding_size(model_name) == 128
+
+    model_name = "Qdrant/ColPali-v1.3-fp16"
+    assert LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding.get_embedding_size(model_name) == 128
+
+    model_name = "Qdrant/colmodernvbert"
+    assert LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding.get_embedding_size(model_name) == 128
+
+
+def test_embedding_size():
+    model_name = "Qdrant/colmodernvbert"
+    model = LateInteractionMultimodalEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    assert model.embedding_size == 128
+
+
+def test_token_count(model_cache) -> None:
+    model_name = "Qdrant/colmodernvbert"
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        documents = ["short doc", "it is a long document to check attention mask for paddings"]
+        short_doc_token_count = model.token_count(documents[0])
+        long_doc_token_count = model.token_count(documents[1])
+        documents_token_count = model.token_count(documents)
+        assert short_doc_token_count + long_doc_token_count == documents_token_count
+        assert short_doc_token_count + long_doc_token_count == model.token_count(
+            documents, batch_size=1
+        )
+        assert short_doc_token_count + long_doc_token_count < model.token_count(
+            documents, include_extension=True
+        )

tests/test_multi_gpu.py

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+import pytest
+
+from fastembed import (
+    TextEmbedding,
+    SparseTextEmbedding,
+    LateInteractionTextEmbedding,
+    ImageEmbedding,
+)
+from fastembed.rerank.cross_encoder import TextCrossEncoder
+from tests.config import TEST_MISC_DIR
+
+CACHE_DIR = "../model_cache"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skip(reason="Requires a multi-gpu server")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("device_id", [None, 0, 1])
+def test_gpu_via_providers(device_id: int | None) -> None:
+    docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"]
+
+    device_id = device_id if device_id is not None else 0
+    providers = (
+        ["CUDAExecutionProvider"]
+        if device_id is None
+        else [("CUDAExecutionProvider", {"device_id": device_id})]
+    )
+    embedding_model = TextEmbedding(
+        "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2",
+        providers=providers,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+    )
+    list(embedding_model.embed(docs))
+    options = embedding_model.model.model.get_provider_options()
+    assert options["CUDAExecutionProvider"]["device_id"] == str(device_id)
+
+    embedding_model = SparseTextEmbedding(
+        "prithvida/Splade_PP_en_v1",
+        providers=providers,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+    )
+    list(embedding_model.embed(docs))
+    options = embedding_model.model.model.get_provider_options()
+    assert options["CUDAExecutionProvider"]["device_id"] == str(device_id)
+
+    embedding_model = SparseTextEmbedding(
+        "Qdrant/bm42-all-minilm-l6-v2-attentions",
+        providers=providers,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+    )
+    list(embedding_model.embed(docs))
+    options = embedding_model.model.model.get_provider_options()
+    assert options["CUDAExecutionProvider"]["device_id"] == str(device_id)
+
+    embedding_model = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(
+        "colbert-ir/colbertv2.0",
+        providers=providers,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+    )
+    list(embedding_model.embed(docs))
+    options = embedding_model.model.model.get_provider_options()
+    assert options["CUDAExecutionProvider"]["device_id"] == str(device_id)
+
+    embedding_model = ImageEmbedding(
+        model_name="Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision",
+        providers=providers,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+    )
+    images = [
+        TEST_MISC_DIR / "image.jpeg",
+        str(TEST_MISC_DIR / "small_image.jpeg"),
+    ]
+    list(embedding_model.embed(images))
+    options = embedding_model.model.model.get_provider_options()
+    assert options["CUDAExecutionProvider"]["device_id"] == str(device_id)
+
+    model = TextCrossEncoder(
+        model_name="Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2",
+        providers=providers,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+    )
+    query = "What is the capital of France?"
+    documents = ["Paris is the capital of France.", "Berlin is the capital of Germany."]
+    list(model.rerank(query, documents))
+    options = embedding_model.model.model.get_provider_options()
+    assert options["CUDAExecutionProvider"]["device_id"] == str(device_id)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skip(reason="Requires a multi-gpu server")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("device_ids", [None, [0], [1], [0, 1]])
+def test_gpu_cuda_device_ids(device_ids: list[int] | None) -> None:
+    docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"]
+    device_id = device_ids[0] if device_ids else 0
+    embedding_model = TextEmbedding(
+        "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2",
+        cuda=True,
+        device_ids=device_ids,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+    )
+    list(embedding_model.embed(docs))
+    options = embedding_model.model.model.get_provider_options()
+    assert options["CUDAExecutionProvider"]["device_id"] == str(
+        device_id
+    ), f"Text embedding: {options}"
+
+    embedding_model = SparseTextEmbedding(
+        "prithvida/Splade_PP_en_v1",
+        cuda=True,
+        device_ids=device_ids,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+    )
+    list(embedding_model.embed(docs))
+    options = embedding_model.model.model.get_provider_options()
+    assert options["CUDAExecutionProvider"]["device_id"] == str(
+        device_id
+    ), f"Sparse text embedding: {options}"
+
+    embedding_model = SparseTextEmbedding(
+        "Qdrant/bm42-all-minilm-l6-v2-attentions",
+        cuda=True,
+        device_ids=device_ids,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+    )
+    list(embedding_model.embed(docs))
+    options = embedding_model.model.model.get_provider_options()
+    assert options["CUDAExecutionProvider"]["device_id"] == str(device_id), f"Bm42: {options}"
+
+    embedding_model = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(
+        "colbert-ir/colbertv2.0",
+        cuda=True,
+        device_ids=device_ids,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+    )
+    list(embedding_model.embed(docs))
+    options = embedding_model.model.model.get_provider_options()
+    assert options["CUDAExecutionProvider"]["device_id"] == str(
+        device_id
+    ), f"Late interaction text embedding: {options}"
+
+    embedding_model = ImageEmbedding(
+        model_name="Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision",
+        cuda=True,
+        device_ids=device_ids,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+    )
+    images = [
+        TEST_MISC_DIR / "image.jpeg",
+        str(TEST_MISC_DIR / "small_image.jpeg"),
+    ]
+    list(embedding_model.embed(images))
+    options = embedding_model.model.model.get_provider_options()
+    assert options["CUDAExecutionProvider"]["device_id"] == str(
+        device_id
+    ), f"Image embedding: {options}"
+
+    if device_ids is None or len(device_ids) == 1:
+        model = TextCrossEncoder(
+            model_name="Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2",
+            cuda=True,
+            device_ids=device_ids,
+            cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+        )
+        query = "What is the capital of France?"
+        documents = ["Paris is the capital of France.", "Berlin is the capital of Germany."]
+        list(model.rerank(query, documents))
+        options = embedding_model.model.model.get_provider_options()
+        assert options["CUDAExecutionProvider"]["device_id"] == str(
+            device_id
+        ), f"Text cross encoder: {options}"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skip(reason="Requires a multi-gpu server")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "device_ids,parallel", [(None, None), (None, 2), ([1], None), ([1], 1), ([1], 2), ([0, 1], 2)]
+)
+def test_multi_gpu_parallel_inference(device_ids: list[int] | None, parallel: int) -> None:
+    docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"] * 100
+    batch_size = 5
+
+    embedding_model = TextEmbedding(
+        "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2",
+        cuda=True,
+        device_ids=device_ids,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+        lazy_load=True,
+    )
+    list(embedding_model.embed(docs, batch_size=batch_size, parallel=parallel))
+
+    embedding_model = SparseTextEmbedding(
+        "prithvida/Splade_PP_en_v1",
+        cuda=True,
+        device_ids=device_ids,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+    )
+    list(embedding_model.embed(docs, batch_size=batch_size, parallel=parallel))
+
+    embedding_model = SparseTextEmbedding(
+        "Qdrant/bm42-all-minilm-l6-v2-attentions",
+        cuda=True,
+        device_ids=device_ids,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+    )
+    list(embedding_model.embed(docs, batch_size=batch_size, parallel=parallel))
+
+    embedding_model = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(
+        "colbert-ir/colbertv2.0",
+        cuda=True,
+        device_ids=device_ids,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+    )
+    list(embedding_model.embed(docs, batch_size=batch_size, parallel=parallel))
+
+    embedding_model = ImageEmbedding(
+        model_name="Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-vision",
+        cuda=True,
+        device_ids=device_ids,
+        cache_dir=CACHE_DIR,
+    )
+    images = [
+        TEST_MISC_DIR / "image.jpeg",
+        str(TEST_MISC_DIR / "small_image.jpeg"),
+    ] * 100
+    list(embedding_model.embed(images, batch_size=batch_size, parallel=parallel))

tests/test_postprocess.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import numpy as np
+
+from fastembed import LateInteractionTextEmbedding
+from fastembed.postprocess import Muvera
+
+CANONICAL_VALUES = [-2.61810007e-04, 1.89005750e00, -2.32070747e00]
+CANONICAL_QUERY_VALUES = [
+    -0.85783903,
+    1.1077204,
+    -0.09522747,
+]  # part of the values are zeros, should be compared with the result of nonzero mask
+
+DIM = 128
+K_SIM = 5
+DIM_PROJ = 16
+R_REPS = 20
+
+
+def test_single_input():
+    model = LateInteractionTextEmbedding("colbert-ir/colbertv2.0", lazy_load=True)
+    random_generator = np.random.default_rng(42)
+    multivector = random_generator.random((10, 128))
+
+    for muvera in (
+        Muvera(dim=DIM, k_sim=K_SIM, dim_proj=DIM_PROJ, r_reps=R_REPS, random_seed=42),
+        Muvera.from_multivector_model(model, k_sim=K_SIM, dim_proj=DIM_PROJ, r_reps=R_REPS),
+    ):
+        fde = muvera.process(multivector)
+        assert fde.shape[0] == muvera.embedding_size
+        assert np.allclose(fde[:3], CANONICAL_VALUES)
+
+        fde_doc = muvera.process_document(multivector)
+        assert fde_doc.shape[0] == muvera.embedding_size
+        assert np.allclose(fde, fde_doc)
+
+        fde_query = muvera.process_query(multivector)
+        assert fde_query.shape[0] == muvera.embedding_size
+        assert np.allclose(fde_query[np.nonzero(fde_query)][:3], CANONICAL_QUERY_VALUES)

tests/test_sparse_embeddings.py

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
-import pytest
+import os
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 
+import pytest
+import numpy as np
+
+from fastembed.sparse.bm25 import Bm25
 from fastembed.sparse.sparse_text_embedding import SparseTextEmbedding
+from tests.utils import delete_model_cache, should_test_model
 
 CANONICAL_COLUMN_VALUES = {
-    "prithvida/Splade_PP_en_v1": {
+    "prithivida/Splade_PP_en_v1": {
         "indices": [
             2040,
             2047,
@@ -38,64 +44,279 @@ CANONICAL_COLUMN_VALUES = {
             2.1904349327087402,
             1.0531445741653442,
         ],
-    }
+    },
+    "Qdrant/minicoil-v1": {
+        "indices": [80, 81, 82, 83, 6664, 6665, 6666, 6667],
+        "values": [
+            0.52634597,
+            0.8711344,
+            1.2264385,
+            0.52123857,
+            0.974713,
+            -0.97803956,
+            -0.94312465,
+            -0.12508166,
+        ],
+    },
 }
 
+CANONICAL_QUERY_VALUES = {
+    "Qdrant/minicoil-v1": {
+        "indices": [80, 81, 82, 83, 6664, 6665, 6666, 6667],
+        "values": [
+            0.31389374,
+            0.5195128,
+            0.7314033,
+            0.3108479,
+            0.5812834,
+            -0.5832673,
+            -0.5624452,
+            -0.0745942,
+        ],
+    },
+}
+
+
+_MODELS_TO_CACHE = (
+    "prithivida/Splade_PP_en_v1",
+    "Qdrant/minicoil-v1",
+    "Qdrant/bm25",
+    "Qdrant/bm42-all-minilm-l6-v2-attentions",
+)
+MODELS_TO_CACHE = tuple([x.lower() for x in _MODELS_TO_CACHE])
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def model_cache():
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    cache = {}
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def get_model(model_name: str):
+        lowercase_model_name = model_name.lower()
+        if lowercase_model_name not in cache:
+            cache[lowercase_model_name] = SparseTextEmbedding(lowercase_model_name)
+        yield cache[lowercase_model_name]
+        if lowercase_model_name not in MODELS_TO_CACHE:
+            model_inst = cache.pop(lowercase_model_name)
+            if is_ci:
+                delete_model_cache(model_inst.model._model_dir)
+            del model_inst
+
+    yield get_model
+
+    if is_ci:
+        for name, model in cache.items():
+            delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+    cache.clear()
+
+
 docs = ["Hello World"]
 
 
-def test_batch_embedding():
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "model_name",
+    ["prithivida/Splade_PP_en_v1", "Qdrant/minicoil-v1"],
+)
+def test_batch_embedding(model_cache, model_name: str) -> None:
     docs_to_embed = docs * 10
 
-    for model_name, expected_result in CANONICAL_COLUMN_VALUES.items():
-        model = SparseTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
         result = next(iter(model.embed(docs_to_embed, batch_size=6)))
+        expected_result = CANONICAL_COLUMN_VALUES[model_name]
         assert result.indices.tolist() == expected_result["indices"]
 
         for i, value in enumerate(result.values):
             assert pytest.approx(value, abs=0.001) == expected_result["values"][i]
 
 
-def test_single_embedding():
-    for model_name, expected_result in CANONICAL_COLUMN_VALUES.items():
-        model = SparseTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
+def test_single_embedding(model_cache) -> None:
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    is_manual = os.getenv("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME") == "workflow_dispatch"
 
-        passage_result = next(iter(model.embed(docs, batch_size=6)))
-        query_result = next(iter(model.query_embed(docs)))
-        for result in [passage_result, query_result]:
-            assert result.indices.tolist() == expected_result["indices"]
+    for model_desc in SparseTextEmbedding._list_supported_models():
+        if (
+            model_desc.model not in CANONICAL_COLUMN_VALUES
+        ):  # attention models and bm25 are also parts of
+            # SparseTextEmbedding, however, they have their own tests
+            continue
+        if not should_test_model(model_desc, model_desc.model, is_ci, is_manual):
+            continue
 
-            for i, value in enumerate(result.values):
+        with model_cache(model_desc.model) as model:
+            passage_result = next(iter(model.embed(docs, batch_size=6)))
+            query_result = next(iter(model.query_embed(docs)))
+            expected_result = CANONICAL_COLUMN_VALUES[model_desc.model]
+            expected_query_result = CANONICAL_QUERY_VALUES.get(model_desc.model, expected_result)
+            assert passage_result.indices.tolist() == expected_result["indices"]
+            for i, value in enumerate(passage_result.values):
                 assert pytest.approx(value, abs=0.001) == expected_result["values"][i]
 
+            assert query_result.indices.tolist() == expected_query_result["indices"]
+            for i, value in enumerate(query_result.values):
+                assert pytest.approx(value, abs=0.001) == expected_query_result["values"][i]
 
-def test_parallel_processing():
-    import numpy as np
 
-    model = SparseTextEmbedding(model_name="prithivida/Splade_PP_en_v1")
-    docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"] * 30
-    sparse_embeddings_duo = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=2))
-    sparse_embeddings_all = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=0))
-    sparse_embeddings = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=None))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "model_name",
+    ["prithivida/Splade_PP_en_v1", "Qdrant/minicoil-v1"],
+)
+def test_parallel_processing(model_cache, model_name: str) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"] * 30
+        sparse_embeddings_duo = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=2))
+        # sparse_embeddings_all = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=0))  # inherits OnnxTextModel which
+        # is tested in TextEmbedding, disabling it here to reduce number of requests to hf
+        # multiprocessing is enough to test with `parallel=2`, and `parallel=None` is okay to tests since it reuses
+        # model from cache
+        sparse_embeddings = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=None))
 
-    assert (
-        len(sparse_embeddings)
-        == len(sparse_embeddings_duo)
-        == len(sparse_embeddings_all)
-        == len(docs)
-    )
-
-    for sparse_embedding, sparse_embedding_duo, sparse_embedding_all in zip(
-        sparse_embeddings, sparse_embeddings_duo, sparse_embeddings_all
-    ):
         assert (
-            sparse_embedding.indices.tolist()
-            == sparse_embedding_duo.indices.tolist()
-            == sparse_embedding_all.indices.tolist()
-        )
-        assert np.allclose(
-            sparse_embedding.values, sparse_embedding_duo.values, atol=1e-3
-        )
-        assert np.allclose(
-            sparse_embedding.values, sparse_embedding_all.values, atol=1e-3
+            len(sparse_embeddings)
+            == len(sparse_embeddings_duo)
+            # == len(sparse_embeddings_all)
+            == len(docs)
         )
+
+        for (
+            sparse_embedding,
+            sparse_embedding_duo,
+            # sparse_embedding_all
+        ) in zip(
+            sparse_embeddings,
+            sparse_embeddings_duo,
+            # sparse_embeddings_all
+        ):
+            assert (
+                sparse_embedding.indices.tolist() == sparse_embedding_duo.indices.tolist()
+                # == sparse_embedding_all.indices.tolist()
+            )
+            assert np.allclose(sparse_embedding.values, sparse_embedding_duo.values, atol=1e-3)
+            # assert np.allclose(sparse_embedding.values, sparse_embedding_all.values, atol=1e-3)
+
+
+def test_stem_with_stopwords_and_punctuation(model_cache) -> None:
+    with model_cache("Qdrant/bm25") as model:
+        bm25_instance = model.model
+        # Setup
+        original_stopwords = bm25_instance.stopwords.copy()
+        original_punctuation = bm25_instance.punctuation.copy()
+
+        bm25_instance.stopwords = {"the", "is", "a"}
+        bm25_instance.punctuation = {".", ",", "!"}
+
+        # Test data
+        tokens = ["The", "quick", "brown", "fox", "is", "a", "test", "sentence", ".", "!"]
+
+        # Execute
+        result = bm25_instance._stem(tokens)
+
+        # Assert
+        expected = ["quick", "brown", "fox", "test", "sentenc"]
+        assert result == expected, f"Expected {expected}, but got {result}"
+
+        bm25_instance.stopwords = original_stopwords
+        bm25_instance.punctuation = original_punctuation
+
+
+def test_stem_case_insensitive_stopwords(model_cache) -> None:
+    with model_cache("Qdrant/bm25") as model:
+        bm25_instance = model.model
+        original_stopwords = bm25_instance.stopwords.copy()
+        original_punctuation = bm25_instance.punctuation.copy()
+
+        # Setup
+        bm25_instance.stopwords = {"the", "is", "a"}
+        bm25_instance.punctuation = {".", ",", "!"}
+
+        # Test data
+        tokens = ["THE", "Quick", "Brown", "Fox", "IS", "A", "Test", "Sentence", ".", "!"]
+
+        # Execute
+        result = bm25_instance._stem(tokens)
+
+        # Assert
+        expected = ["quick", "brown", "fox", "test", "sentenc"]
+        assert result == expected, f"Expected {expected}, but got {result}"
+        bm25_instance.stopwords = original_stopwords
+        bm25_instance.punctuation = original_punctuation
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("disable_stemmer", [True, False])
+def test_disable_stemmer_behavior(disable_stemmer: bool) -> None:
+    # Setup
+    model = Bm25("Qdrant/bm25", language="english", disable_stemmer=disable_stemmer)
+    model.stopwords = {"the", "is", "a"}
+    model.punctuation = {".", ",", "!"}
+
+    # Test data
+    tokens = ["The", "quick", "brown", "fox", "is", "a", "test", "sentence", ".", "!"]
+
+    # Execute
+    result = model._stem(tokens)
+
+    # Assert
+    if disable_stemmer:
+        expected = ["quick", "brown", "fox", "test", "sentence"]  # no stemming, lower case only
+    else:
+        expected = ["quick", "brown", "fox", "test", "sentenc"]
+    assert result == expected, f"Expected {expected}, but got {result}"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["prithivida/Splade_PP_en_v1"])
+def test_lazy_load(model_name: str) -> None:
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    model = SparseTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    assert not hasattr(model.model, "model")
+
+    docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"]
+    list(model.embed(docs))
+    assert hasattr(model.model, "model")
+
+    model = SparseTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    list(model.query_embed(docs))
+
+    model = SparseTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    list(model.passage_embed(docs))
+
+    if is_ci:
+        delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "model_name",
+    [
+        "prithivida/Splade_PP_en_v1",
+        "Qdrant/minicoil-v1",
+        "Qdrant/bm42-all-minilm-l6-v2-attentions",
+    ],
+)
+def test_session_options(model_cache, model_name) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as default_model:
+        default_session_options = default_model.model.model.get_session_options()
+        assert default_session_options.enable_cpu_mem_arena is True
+        model = SparseTextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, enable_cpu_mem_arena=False)
+        session_options = model.model.model.get_session_options()
+        assert session_options.enable_cpu_mem_arena is False
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "model_name",
+    [
+        "prithivida/Splade_PP_en_v1",
+        "Qdrant/minicoil-v1",
+        "Qdrant/bm42-all-minilm-l6-v2-attentions",
+        "Qdrant/bm25",
+    ],
+)
+def test_token_count(model_cache, model_name) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        documents = [
+            "Name me a couple of cities were the capitals of Germany?",
+            "Berlin is the current capital of Germany, Bonn is a former capital of Germany.",
+        ]
+        first_doc_token_count = model.token_count(documents[0])
+        second_doc_token_count = model.token_count(documents[1])
+        doc_token_count = model.token_count(documents)
+        assert first_doc_token_count + second_doc_token_count == doc_token_count
+        assert doc_token_count == model.token_count(documents, batch_size=1)

tests/test_text_cross_encoder.py

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+import os
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from fastembed.rerank.cross_encoder import TextCrossEncoder
+from tests.utils import delete_model_cache, should_test_model
+
+CANONICAL_SCORE_VALUES = {
+    "Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2": np.array([8.500708, -2.541011]),
+    "Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-12-v2": np.array([9.330912, -2.0380247]),
+    "BAAI/bge-reranker-base": np.array([6.15733337, -3.65939403]),
+    "jinaai/jina-reranker-v1-tiny-en": np.array([2.5911, 0.1122]),
+    "jinaai/jina-reranker-v1-turbo-en": np.array([1.8295, -2.8908]),
+    "jinaai/jina-reranker-v2-base-multilingual": np.array([1.6533, -1.6455]),
+}
+
+
+_MODELS_TO_CACHE = ("Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2",)
+MODELS_TO_CACHE = tuple([x.lower() for x in _MODELS_TO_CACHE])
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def model_cache():
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    cache = {}
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def get_model(model_name: str):
+        lowercase_model_name = model_name.lower()
+        if lowercase_model_name not in cache:
+            cache[lowercase_model_name] = TextCrossEncoder(lowercase_model_name)
+        yield cache[lowercase_model_name]
+        if lowercase_model_name not in MODELS_TO_CACHE:
+            model_inst = cache.pop(lowercase_model_name)
+            if is_ci:
+                delete_model_cache(model_inst.model._model_dir)
+            del model_inst
+
+    yield get_model
+
+    if is_ci:
+        for name, model in cache.items():
+            delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+    cache.clear()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2"])
+def test_rerank(model_cache, model_name: str) -> None:
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    is_manual = os.getenv("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME") == "workflow_dispatch"
+
+    for model_desc in TextCrossEncoder._list_supported_models():
+        if not should_test_model(model_desc, model_name, is_ci, is_manual):
+            continue
+
+        with model_cache(model_desc.model) as model:
+            query = "What is the capital of France?"
+            documents = ["Paris is the capital of France.", "Berlin is the capital of Germany."]
+            scores = np.array(list(model.rerank(query, documents)))
+
+            pairs = [(query, doc) for doc in documents]
+            scores2 = np.array(list(model.rerank_pairs(pairs)))
+            assert np.allclose(
+                scores, scores2, atol=1e-5
+            ), f"Model: {model_desc.model}, Scores: {scores}, Scores2: {scores2}"
+
+            canonical_scores = CANONICAL_SCORE_VALUES[model_desc.model]
+            assert np.allclose(
+                scores, canonical_scores, atol=1e-3
+            ), f"Model: {model_desc.model}, Scores: {scores}, Expected: {canonical_scores}"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2"])
+def test_batch_rerank(model_cache, model_name: str) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        query = "What is the capital of France?"
+        documents = ["Paris is the capital of France.", "Berlin is the capital of Germany."] * 50
+        scores = np.array(list(model.rerank(query, documents, batch_size=10)))
+
+        pairs = [(query, doc) for doc in documents]
+        scores2 = np.array(list(model.rerank_pairs(pairs)))
+        assert np.allclose(
+            scores, scores2, atol=1e-5
+        ), f"Model: {model_name}, Scores: {scores}, Scores2: {scores2}"
+
+        canonical_scores = np.tile(CANONICAL_SCORE_VALUES[model_name], 50)
+
+        assert scores.shape == canonical_scores.shape, f"Unexpected shape for model {model_name}"
+        assert np.allclose(
+            scores, canonical_scores, atol=1e-3
+        ), f"Model: {model_name}, Scores: {scores}, Expected: {canonical_scores}"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2"])
+def test_lazy_load(model_name: str) -> None:
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    model = TextCrossEncoder(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    assert not hasattr(model.model, "model")
+    query = "What is the capital of France?"
+    documents = ["Paris is the capital of France.", "Berlin is the capital of Germany."]
+    list(model.rerank(query, documents))
+    assert hasattr(model.model, "model")
+
+    if is_ci:
+        delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2"])
+def test_rerank_pairs_parallel(model_cache, model_name: str) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        query = "What is the capital of France?"
+        documents = ["Paris is the capital of France.", "Berlin is the capital of Germany."] * 10
+        pairs = [(query, doc) for doc in documents]
+        scores_parallel = np.array(list(model.rerank_pairs(pairs, parallel=2, batch_size=10)))
+        scores_sequential = np.array(list(model.rerank_pairs(pairs, batch_size=10)))
+        assert np.allclose(
+            scores_parallel, scores_sequential, atol=1e-5
+        ), f"Model: {model_name}, Scores (Parallel): {scores_parallel}, Scores (Sequential): {scores_sequential}"
+        canonical_scores = CANONICAL_SCORE_VALUES[model_name]
+        assert np.allclose(
+            scores_parallel[: len(canonical_scores)], canonical_scores, atol=1e-3
+        ), f"Model: {model_name}, Scores (Parallel): {scores_parallel}, Expected: {canonical_scores}"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2"])
+def test_token_count(model_cache, model_name: str) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        pairs = [
+            ("What is the capital of France?", "Paris is the capital of France."),
+            (
+                "Name me a couple of cities were the capitals of Germany?",
+                "Berlin is the current capital of Germany, Bonn is a former capital of Germany.",
+            ),
+        ]
+        first_pair_token_count = model.token_count([pairs[0]])
+        second_pair_token_count = model.token_count([pairs[1]])
+        pairs_token_count = model.token_count(pairs)
+        assert first_pair_token_count + second_pair_token_count == pairs_token_count
+        assert pairs_token_count == model.token_count(pairs, batch_size=1)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["Xenova/ms-marco-MiniLM-L-6-v2"])
+def test_session_options(model_cache, model_name) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as default_model:
+        default_session_options = default_model.model.model.get_session_options()
+        assert default_session_options.enable_cpu_mem_arena is True
+        model = TextCrossEncoder(model_name=model_name, enable_cpu_mem_arena=False)
+        session_options = model.model.model.get_session_options()
+        assert session_options.enable_cpu_mem_arena is False

tests/test_text_multitask_embeddings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+import os
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from fastembed import TextEmbedding
+from fastembed.text.multitask_embedding import JinaEmbeddingV3, Task
+from tests.utils import delete_model_cache
+
+
+CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES = {
+    "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v3": [
+        {
+            "task_id": Task.RETRIEVAL_QUERY,
+            "vectors": np.array(
+                [
+                    [0.0623, -0.0402, 0.1706, -0.0143, 0.0617],
+                    [-0.1064, -0.0733, 0.0353, 0.0096, 0.0667],
+                ]
+            ),
+        },
+        {
+            "task_id": Task.RETRIEVAL_PASSAGE,
+            "vectors": np.array(
+                [
+                    [0.0513, -0.0247, 0.1751, -0.0075, 0.0679],
+                    [-0.0987, -0.0786, 0.09, 0.0087, 0.0577],
+                ]
+            ),
+        },
+        {
+            "task_id": Task.SEPARATION,
+            "vectors": np.array(
+                [
+                    [0.094, -0.1065, 0.1305, 0.0547, 0.0556],
+                    [0.0315, -0.1468, 0.065, 0.0568, 0.0546],
+                ]
+            ),
+        },
+        {
+            "task_id": Task.CLASSIFICATION,
+            "vectors": np.array(
+                [
+                    [0.0606, -0.0877, 0.1384, 0.0065, 0.0722],
+                    [-0.0502, -0.119, 0.032, 0.0514, 0.0689],
+                ]
+            ),
+        },
+        {
+            "task_id": Task.TEXT_MATCHING,
+            "vectors": np.array(
+                [
+                    [0.0911, -0.0341, 0.1305, -0.026, 0.0576],
+                    [-0.1432, -0.05, 0.0133, 0.0464, 0.0789],
+                ]
+            ),
+        },
+    ]
+}
+docs = ["Hello World", "Follow the white rabbit."]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dim,model_name", [(1024, "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v3")])
+def test_batch_embedding(dim: int, model_name: str):
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    is_manual = os.getenv("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME") == "workflow_dispatch"
+    if is_ci and not is_manual:
+        pytest.skip("Skipping multitask models in CI non-manual mode")
+
+    docs_to_embed = docs * 10
+    default_task = Task.RETRIEVAL_PASSAGE
+
+    model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
+
+    embeddings = list(model.embed(documents=docs_to_embed, batch_size=6))
+    embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
+
+    assert embeddings.shape == (len(docs_to_embed), dim)
+
+    canonical_vector = CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES[model_name][default_task]["vectors"]
+    assert np.allclose(
+        embeddings[: len(docs), : canonical_vector.shape[1]], canonical_vector, atol=1e-4
+    ), model_name
+
+    if is_ci:
+        delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+
+
+def test_single_embedding():
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    is_manual = os.getenv("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME") == "workflow_dispatch"
+    if is_ci and not is_manual:
+        pytest.skip("Skipping multitask models in CI non-manual mode")
+
+    for model_desc in JinaEmbeddingV3._list_supported_models():
+        # todo: once we add more models, we should not test models >1GB size locally
+        model_name = model_desc.model
+        dim = model_desc.dim
+
+        model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
+
+        for task in CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES[model_name]:
+            print(f"evaluating {model_name} task_id: {task['task_id']}")
+
+            embeddings = list(model.embed(documents=docs, task_id=task["task_id"]))
+            embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
+
+            assert embeddings.shape == (len(docs), dim)
+
+            canonical_vector = task["vectors"]
+            assert np.allclose(
+                embeddings[:, : canonical_vector.shape[1]], canonical_vector, atol=1e-4
+            ), model_desc.model
+
+        classification_embeddings = list(model.embed(documents=docs, task_id=Task.CLASSIFICATION))
+        classification_embeddings = np.stack(classification_embeddings, axis=0)
+
+        assert classification_embeddings.shape == (len(docs), dim)
+
+        model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, task_id=Task.CLASSIFICATION)
+        default_embeddings = list(model.embed(documents=docs))
+        default_embeddings = np.stack(default_embeddings, axis=0)
+
+        assert default_embeddings.shape == (len(docs), dim)
+
+        assert np.allclose(
+            classification_embeddings,
+            default_embeddings,
+            atol=1e-4,
+        ), model_desc.model
+        if is_ci:
+            delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+
+
+def test_single_embedding_query():
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    is_manual = os.getenv("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME") == "workflow_dispatch"
+    if is_ci and not is_manual:
+        pytest.skip("Skipping multitask models in CI non-manual mode")
+
+    task_id = Task.RETRIEVAL_QUERY
+
+    for model_desc in JinaEmbeddingV3._list_supported_models():
+        # todo: once we add more models, we should not test models >1GB size locally
+        model_name = model_desc.model
+        dim = model_desc.dim
+
+        model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
+
+        print(f"evaluating {model_name} query_embed task_id: {task_id}")
+
+        embeddings = list(model.query_embed(query=docs))
+        embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
+
+        assert embeddings.shape == (len(docs), dim)
+
+        canonical_vector = CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES[model_name][task_id]["vectors"]
+        assert np.allclose(
+            embeddings[:, : canonical_vector.shape[1]], canonical_vector, atol=1e-4
+        ), model_desc.model
+
+        if is_ci:
+            delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+
+
+def test_single_embedding_passage():
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    is_manual = os.getenv("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME") == "workflow_dispatch"
+    if is_ci and not is_manual:
+        pytest.skip("Skipping multitask models in CI non-manual mode")
+
+    task_id = Task.RETRIEVAL_PASSAGE
+
+    for model_desc in JinaEmbeddingV3._list_supported_models():
+        # todo: once we add more models, we should not test models >1GB size locally
+
+        model_name = model_desc.model
+        dim = model_desc.dim
+
+        model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
+
+        print(f"evaluating {model_name} passage_embed task_id: {task_id}")
+
+        embeddings = list(model.passage_embed(texts=docs))
+        embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
+
+        assert embeddings.shape == (len(docs), dim)
+
+        canonical_vector = CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES[model_name][task_id]["vectors"]
+        assert np.allclose(
+            embeddings[:, : canonical_vector.shape[1]], canonical_vector, atol=1e-4
+        ), model_desc.model
+
+        if is_ci:
+            delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dim,model_name", [(1024, "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v3")])
+def test_parallel_processing(dim: int, model_name: str):
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    is_manual = os.getenv("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME") == "workflow_dispatch"
+    if is_ci and not is_manual:
+        pytest.skip("Skipping in CI non-manual mode")
+
+    docs = ["Hello World", "Follow the white rabbit."] * 10
+
+    model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
+
+    task_id = Task.SEPARATION
+    embeddings_1 = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=None, task_id=task_id))
+    embeddings_1 = np.stack(embeddings_1, axis=0)
+
+    embeddings_2 = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=1, task_id=task_id))
+    embeddings_2 = np.stack(embeddings_2, axis=0)
+
+    assert embeddings_1.shape[0] == len(docs) and embeddings_1.shape[-1] == dim
+    assert np.allclose(embeddings_1, embeddings_2, atol=1e-4)
+
+    canonical_vector = CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES[model_name][task_id]["vectors"]
+    assert np.allclose(embeddings_2[:2, : canonical_vector.shape[1]], canonical_vector, atol=1e-4)
+
+    if is_ci:
+        delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["jinaai/jina-embeddings-v3"])
+def test_lazy_load(model_name: str):
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    is_manual = os.getenv("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME") == "workflow_dispatch"
+
+    if is_ci and not is_manual:
+        pytest.skip("Skipping in CI non-manual mode")
+
+    model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    assert not hasattr(model.model, "model")
+
+    list(model.embed(docs))
+    assert hasattr(model.model, "model")
+
+    if is_ci:
+        delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)

tests/test_text_onnx_embeddings.py

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 import os
+import platform
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 
 from fastembed.text.text_embedding import TextEmbedding
+from tests.utils import delete_model_cache, should_test_model
 
 CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES = {
     "BAAI/bge-small-en": np.array([-0.0232, -0.0255, 0.0174, -0.0639, -0.0006]),
@@ -30,25 +33,27 @@ CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES = {
         [-0.034478, 0.03102, 0.00673, 0.02611, -0.039362]
     ),
     "sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-MiniLM-L12-v2": np.array(
-        [0.0094, 0.0184, 0.0328, 0.0072, -0.0351]
+        [0.0361, 0.1862, 0.2776, 0.2461, -0.1904]
     ),
-    "intfloat/multilingual-e5-large": np.array([0.0098, 0.0045, 0.0066, -0.0354, 0.0070]),
+    "intfloat/multilingual-e5-large": np.array([0.4544, -0.0968, 0.1054, -1.3753, 0.1500]),
     "sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2": np.array(
-        [-0.01341097, 0.0416553, -0.00480805, 0.02844842, 0.0505299]
+        [0.0047, 0.1334, -0.0102, 0.0714, 0.1930]
     ),
     "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-small-en": np.array([-0.0455, -0.0428, -0.0122, 0.0613, 0.0015]),
     "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-en": np.array([-0.0332, -0.0509, 0.0287, -0.0043, -0.0077]),
     "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-de": np.array([-0.0085, 0.0417, 0.0342, 0.0309, -0.0149]),
     "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-code": np.array([0.0145, -0.0164, 0.0136, -0.0170, 0.0734]),
+    "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-zh": np.array([0.0381, 0.0286, -0.0231, 0.0052, -0.0151]),
+    "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-es": np.array([-0.0108, -0.0092, -0.0373, 0.0171, -0.0301]),
     "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1": np.array([0.3708, 0.2031, -0.3406, -0.2114, -0.3230]),
     "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5": np.array(
         [-0.15407836, -0.03053198, -3.9138033, 0.1910364, 0.13224715]
     ),
     "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5-Q": np.array(
-        [-0.12525563, 0.38030425, -3.961622, 0.04176439, -0.0758301]
+        [0.0802303, 0.3700881, -4.3053818, 0.4431803, -0.271572]
     ),
     "thenlper/gte-large": np.array(
-        [-0.01920587, 0.00113156, -0.00708992, -0.00632304, -0.04025577]
+        [-0.00986551, -0.00018734, 0.00605892, -0.03289612, -0.0387564],
     ),
     "mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1": np.array(
         [0.02295546, 0.03196154, 0.016512, -0.04031524, -0.0219634]
@@ -61,61 +66,154 @@ CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES = {
     ),
     "snowflake/snowflake-arctic-embed-l": np.array([0.0189, -0.0673, 0.0183, 0.0124, 0.0146]),
     "Qdrant/clip-ViT-B-32-text": np.array([0.0083, 0.0103, -0.0138, 0.0199, -0.0069]),
+    "thenlper/gte-base": np.array([0.0038, 0.0355, 0.0181, 0.0092, 0.0654]),
+    "jinaai/jina-clip-v1": np.array([-0.0862, -0.0101, -0.0056, 0.0375, -0.0472]),
 }
 
+MULTI_TASK_MODELS = ["jinaai/jina-embeddings-v3"]
 
-def test_embedding():
+_MODELS_TO_CACHE = ("BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5",)
+MODELS_TO_CACHE = tuple([x.lower() for x in _MODELS_TO_CACHE])
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def model_cache():
     is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    cache = {}
 
-    for model_desc in TextEmbedding.list_supported_models():
-        if not is_ci and model_desc["size_in_GB"] > 1:
+    @contextmanager
+    def get_model(model_name: str):
+        lowercase_model_name = model_name.lower()
+        if lowercase_model_name not in cache:
+            cache[lowercase_model_name] = TextEmbedding(lowercase_model_name)
+        yield cache[lowercase_model_name]
+        if lowercase_model_name not in MODELS_TO_CACHE:
+            model_inst = cache.pop(lowercase_model_name)
+            if is_ci:
+                delete_model_cache(model_inst.model._model_dir)
+            del model_inst
+
+    yield get_model
+
+    if is_ci:
+        for name, model in cache.items():
+            delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+    cache.clear()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5"])
+def test_embedding(model_cache, model_name: str) -> None:
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    is_mac = platform.system() == "Darwin"
+    is_manual = os.getenv("GITHUB_EVENT_NAME") == "workflow_dispatch"
+
+    for model_desc in TextEmbedding._list_supported_models():
+        if model_desc.model in MULTI_TASK_MODELS or (
+            is_mac and model_desc.model == "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5-Q"
+        ):
+            continue
+        if not should_test_model(model_desc, model_name, is_ci, is_manual):
             continue
 
-        dim = model_desc["dim"]
+        dim = model_desc.dim
 
-        model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_desc["model"])
-        docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"]
-        embeddings = list(model.embed(docs))
+        with model_cache(model_desc.model) as model:
+            docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"]
+            embeddings = list(model.embed(docs))
+            embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
+            assert embeddings.shape == (2, dim)
+
+            canonical_vector = CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES[model_desc.model]
+            assert np.allclose(
+                embeddings[0, : canonical_vector.shape[0]], canonical_vector, atol=1e-3
+            ), model_desc.model
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("n_dims,model_name", [(384, "BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5")])
+def test_batch_embedding(model_cache, n_dims: int, model_name: str) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"] * 100
+        embeddings = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10))
         embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
-        assert embeddings.shape == (2, dim)
 
-        canonical_vector = CANONICAL_VECTOR_VALUES[model_desc["model"]]
-        assert np.allclose(
-            embeddings[0, : canonical_vector.shape[0]], canonical_vector, atol=1e-3
-        ), model_desc["model"]
+        assert embeddings.shape == (len(docs), n_dims)
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "n_dims,model_name",
-    [(384, "BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5"), (768, "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-en")],
-)
-def test_batch_embedding(n_dims, model_name):
-    model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("n_dims,model_name", [(384, "BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5")])
+def test_parallel_processing(model_cache, n_dims: int, model_name: str) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"] * 100
+        embeddings = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=2))
+        embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
 
-    docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"] * 100
-    embeddings = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10))
-    embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
+        embeddings_2 = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=None))
+        embeddings_2 = np.stack(embeddings_2, axis=0)
 
-    assert embeddings.shape == (200, n_dims)
+        embeddings_3 = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=0))
+        embeddings_3 = np.stack(embeddings_3, axis=0)
+
+        assert embeddings.shape == (len(docs), n_dims)
+        assert np.allclose(embeddings, embeddings_2, atol=1e-3)
+        assert np.allclose(embeddings, embeddings_3, atol=1e-3)
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "n_dims,model_name",
-    [(384, "BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5"), (768, "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-en")],
-)
-def test_parallel_processing(n_dims, model_name):
-    model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_name)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5"])
+def test_lazy_load(model_name: str) -> None:
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    assert not hasattr(model.model, "model")
+    docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"]
+    list(model.embed(docs))
+    assert hasattr(model.model, "model")
 
-    docs = ["hello world", "flag embedding"] * 100
-    embeddings = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=2))
-    embeddings = np.stack(embeddings, axis=0)
+    model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    list(model.query_embed(docs))
 
-    embeddings_2 = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=None))
-    embeddings_2 = np.stack(embeddings_2, axis=0)
+    model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    list(model.passage_embed(docs))
 
-    embeddings_3 = list(model.embed(docs, batch_size=10, parallel=0))
-    embeddings_3 = np.stack(embeddings_3, axis=0)
+    if is_ci:
+        delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
 
-    assert embeddings.shape == (200, n_dims)
-    assert np.allclose(embeddings, embeddings_2, atol=1e-3)
-    assert np.allclose(embeddings, embeddings_3, atol=1e-3)
+
+def test_get_embedding_size() -> None:
+    assert TextEmbedding.get_embedding_size("sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2") == 384
+    assert TextEmbedding.get_embedding_size("sentence-transformers/all-minilm-l6-v2") == 384
+
+
+def test_embedding_size() -> None:
+    is_ci = os.getenv("CI")
+    model_name = "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2"
+    model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    assert model.embedding_size == 384
+
+    model_name = "sentence-transformers/all-minilm-l6-v2"
+    model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, lazy_load=True)
+    assert model.embedding_size == 384
+
+    if is_ci:
+        delete_model_cache(model.model._model_dir)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2"])
+def test_session_options(model_cache, model_name) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as default_model:
+        default_session_options = default_model.model.model.get_session_options()
+        assert default_session_options.enable_cpu_mem_arena is True
+        model = TextEmbedding(model_name=model_name, enable_cpu_mem_arena=False)
+        session_options = model.model.model.get_session_options()
+        assert session_options.enable_cpu_mem_arena is False
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("model_name", ["sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2"])
+def test_token_count(model_cache, model_name) -> None:
+    with model_cache(model_name) as model:
+        documents = [
+            "Name me a couple of cities were the capitals of Germany?",
+            "Berlin is the current capital of Germany, Bonn is a former capital of Germany.",
+        ]
+        first_doc_token_count = model.token_count(documents[0])
+        second_doc_token_count = model.token_count(documents[1])
+        doc_token_count = model.token_count(documents)
+        assert first_doc_token_count + second_doc_token_count == doc_token_count
+        assert doc_token_count == model.token_count(documents, batch_size=1)

tests/type_stub.py

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from fastembed import TextEmbedding, LateInteractionTextEmbedding, SparseTextEmbedding
+from fastembed.sparse.bm25 import Bm25
+from fastembed.rerank.cross_encoder import TextCrossEncoder
+
+
+text_embedder = TextEmbedding(cache_dir="models")
+late_interaction_embedder = LateInteractionTextEmbedding(model_name="", cache_dir="models")
+reranker = TextCrossEncoder(model_name="", cache_dir="models")
+sparse_embedder = SparseTextEmbedding(model_name="", cache_dir="models")
+bm25_embedder = Bm25(
+    model_name="",
+    k=1.0,
+    b=1.0,
+    avg_len=1.0,
+    language="",
+    token_max_length=1,
+    disable_stemmer=False,
+    specific_model_path="models",
+)
+
+text_embedder.list_supported_models()
+text_embedder.embed(documents=[""], batch_size=1, parallel=1)
+text_embedder.embed(documents="", parallel=None, task_id=1)
+text_embedder.query_embed(query=[""], batch_size=1, parallel=1)
+text_embedder.query_embed(query="", parallel=None)
+text_embedder.passage_embed(texts=[""], batch_size=1, parallel=1)
+text_embedder.passage_embed(texts=[""], parallel=None)
+
+late_interaction_embedder.list_supported_models()
+late_interaction_embedder.embed(documents=[""], batch_size=1, parallel=1)
+late_interaction_embedder.embed(documents="", parallel=None)
+late_interaction_embedder.query_embed(query=[""], batch_size=1, parallel=1)
+late_interaction_embedder.query_embed(query="", parallel=None)
+late_interaction_embedder.passage_embed(texts=[""], batch_size=1, parallel=1)
+late_interaction_embedder.passage_embed(texts=[""], parallel=None)
+
+reranker.list_supported_models()
+reranker.rerank(query="", documents=[""], batch_size=1, parallel=1)
+reranker.rerank(query="", documents=[""], parallel=None)
+reranker.rerank_pairs(pairs=[("", "")], batch_size=1, parallel=1)
+reranker.rerank_pairs(pairs=[("", "")], parallel=None)
+
+sparse_embedder.list_supported_models()
+sparse_embedder.embed(documents=[""], batch_size=1, parallel=1)
+sparse_embedder.embed(documents="", batch_size=1, parallel=None)
+sparse_embedder.query_embed(query=[""], batch_size=1, parallel=1)
+sparse_embedder.query_embed(query="", batch_size=1, parallel=None)
+sparse_embedder.passage_embed(texts=[""], batch_size=1, parallel=1)
+sparse_embedder.passage_embed(texts=[""], batch_size=1, parallel=None)
+
+bm25_embedder.list_supported_models()
+bm25_embedder.embed(documents=[""], batch_size=1, parallel=1)
+bm25_embedder.embed(documents="", batch_size=1, parallel=None)
+bm25_embedder.query_embed(query=[""], batch_size=1, parallel=1)
+bm25_embedder.query_embed(query="", batch_size=1, parallel=None)
+bm25_embedder.raw_embed(documents=[""])

tests/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import shutil
+import traceback
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import Callable, Any, Type
+
+from fastembed.common.model_description import BaseModelDescription
+
+
+def delete_model_cache(model_dir: str | Path) -> None:
+    """Delete the model cache directory.
+
+    If a model was downloaded from the HuggingFace model hub, then _model_dir is the dir to snapshots, removing
+    it won't help to release the memory, because data is in blobs directory.
+    If a model was downloaded from GCS, then we can just remove model_dir
+
+    Args:
+        model_dir (Union[str, Path]): The path to the model cache directory.
+    """
+
+    def on_error(
+        func: Callable[..., Any],
+        path: str,
+        exc_info: tuple[Type[BaseException], BaseException, TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
+        print("Failed to remove: ", path)
+        print("Exception: ", exc_info)
+        traceback.print_exception(*exc_info)
+
+    if isinstance(model_dir, str):
+        model_dir = Path(model_dir)
+
+    if model_dir.parent.parent.name.startswith("models--"):
+        model_dir = model_dir.parent.parent
+
+    if model_dir.exists():
+        # todo: PermissionDenied is raised on blobs removal in Windows, with blobs > 2GB
+        shutil.rmtree(model_dir, onerror=on_error)
+
+
+def should_test_model(
+    model_desc: BaseModelDescription,
+    autotest_model_name: str,
+    is_ci: str | None,
+    is_manual: bool,
+):
+    """Determine if a model should be tested based on environment
+
+    Tests can be run either in ci or locally.
+    Testing all models each time in ci is too long.
+    The testing scheme in ci and on a local machine are different, therefore, there are 3 possible scenarios.
+    1) Run lightweight tests in ci:
+        - test only one model that has been manually chosen as a representative for a certain class family
+    2) Run heavyweight (manual) tests in ci:
+        - test all models
+        Running tests in ci each time is too expensive, however, it's fine to run it one time with a manual dispatch
+    3) Run tests locally:
+        - test all models, which are not too heavy, since network speed might be a bottleneck
+
+    """
+    if not is_ci:
+        if model_desc.size_in_GB > 1:
+            return False
+    elif not is_manual and model_desc.model != autotest_model_name:
+        return False
+    return True