llama-quant : default ftype param Q5_1 --> Q8_0 (#20828)

Change the default `ftype` in `llama_model_quantize_params` from
`LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_1` to `LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0`.

In case some external program naively uses the default quantization
params, we should probably default to a known-good type like Q8_0 rather
than Q5_1, which is rather old.

.devops/intel.Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-ARG ONEAPI_VERSION=2025.3.2-0-devel-ubuntu24.04
+ARG ONEAPI_VERSION=2025.3.3-0-devel-ubuntu24.04
 
 ## Build Image
 

.devops/openvino.Dockerfile

@@ -2,7 +2,19 @@ ARG OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR=2026.0
 ARG OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL=2026.0.0.20965.c6d6a13a886
 ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=24.04
 
-# Optional proxy build arguments - empty by default
+# Intel GPU driver versions. https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases
+ARG IGC_VERSION=v2.30.1
+ARG IGC_VERSION_FULL=2_2.30.1+20950
+ARG COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION=26.09.37435.1
+ARG COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION_FULL=26.09.37435.1-0
+ARG IGDGMM_VERSION=22.9.0
+
+# Intel NPU driver versions. https://github.com/intel/linux-npu-driver/releases
+ARG NPU_DRIVER_VERSION=v1.32.0
+ARG NPU_DRIVER_FULL=v1.32.0.20260402-23905121947
+ARG LIBZE1_VERSION=1.27.0-1~24.04~ppa2
+
+# Optional proxy build arguments
 ARG http_proxy=
 ARG https_proxy=
 
@@ -78,13 +90,47 @@ ARG http_proxy
 ARG https_proxy
 
 RUN apt-get update \
-    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 libtbb12 curl \
+    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 libtbb12 curl wget ocl-icd-libopencl1 \
     && apt autoremove -y \
     && apt clean -y \
     && rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* \
     && find /var/cache/apt/archives /var/lib/apt/lists -not -name lock -type f -delete \
     && find /var/cache -type f -delete
 
+# Install GPU drivers
+ARG IGC_VERSION
+ARG IGC_VERSION_FULL
+ARG COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION
+ARG COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION_FULL
+ARG IGDGMM_VERSION
+RUN mkdir /tmp/neo/ && cd /tmp/neo/ \
+    && wget https://github.com/intel/intel-graphics-compiler/releases/download/${IGC_VERSION}/intel-igc-core-${IGC_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.deb \
+    && wget https://github.com/intel/intel-graphics-compiler/releases/download/${IGC_VERSION}/intel-igc-opencl-${IGC_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.deb \
+    && wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION}/intel-ocloc-dbgsym_${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.ddeb \
+    && wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION}/intel-ocloc_${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.deb \
+    && wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION}/intel-opencl-icd-dbgsym_${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.ddeb \
+    && wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION}/intel-opencl-icd_${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.deb \
+    && wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION}/libigdgmm12_${IGDGMM_VERSION}_amd64.deb \
+    && wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION}/libze-intel-gpu1-dbgsym_${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.ddeb \
+    && wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION}/libze-intel-gpu1_${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.deb \
+    && dpkg --install *.deb \
+    && rm -rf /tmp/neo/
+
+# Install NPU drivers
+ARG NPU_DRIVER_VERSION
+ARG NPU_DRIVER_FULL
+ARG LIBZE1_VERSION
+RUN mkdir /tmp/npu/ && cd /tmp/npu/ \
+    && wget https://github.com/intel/linux-npu-driver/releases/download/${NPU_DRIVER_VERSION}/linux-npu-driver-${NPU_DRIVER_FULL}-ubuntu2404.tar.gz \
+    && tar -xf linux-npu-driver-${NPU_DRIVER_FULL}-ubuntu2404.tar.gz \
+    && dpkg --install *.deb \
+    && rm -rf /tmp/npu/
+
+RUN cd /tmp \
+    && wget https://snapshot.ppa.launchpadcontent.net/kobuk-team/intel-graphics/ubuntu/20260324T100000Z/pool/main/l/level-zero-loader/libze1_${LIBZE1_VERSION}_amd64.deb \
+    && dpkg --install libze1_${LIBZE1_VERSION}_amd64.deb \
+    && rm libze1_${LIBZE1_VERSION}_amd64.deb
+
 COPY --from=build /app/lib/ /app/
 
 ### Full (all binaries)

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 <!-- You can provide more details and link related discussions here. Delete this section if not applicable -->
 
-# Requirements
+## Requirements
 
 <!-- IMPORTANT: Please do NOT delete this section, otherwise your PR may be rejected -->
 

.github/workflows/build-and-test-snapdragon.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+name: CI (snapdragon)
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths:
+      - '.github/workflows/build-and-test-snapdragon.yml'
+      - 'ggml/include/ggml-hexagon.h'
+      - 'ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/**'
+      - 'docs/backend/snapdragon/**'
+      - 'scripts/snapdragon/**'
+      - 'CMakePresets.json'
+
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    paths:
+      - '.github/workflows/build-and-test-snapdragon.yml'
+      - 'ggml/include/ggml-hexagon.h'
+      - 'ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/**'
+      - 'docs/backend/snapdragon/**'
+      - 'scripts/snapdragon/**'
+      - 'CMakePresets.json'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  android-ndk-snapdragon:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container:
+      image: 'ghcr.io/snapdragon-toolchain/arm64-android:v0.3'
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          lfs: false
+
+      - name: Build Llama.CPP for Snapdragon Android
+        id: build_llama_cpp_snapdragon_android
+        run: |
+          cp docs/backend/snapdragon/CMakeUserPresets.json .
+          cmake --preset arm64-android-snapdragon-release -B build
+          cmake --build build
+          cmake --install build --prefix pkg-snapdragon/llama.cpp
+
+      - name: Upload Llama.CPP Snapdragon Android Build Artifact
+        if: ${{ always() && steps.build_llama_cpp_snapdragon_android.outcome == 'success' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          name: llama-cpp-android-arm64-snapdragon
+          path: pkg-snapdragon/llama.cpp
+
+  test-snapdragon-qdc:
+    name: Test on QDC Android Device (${{ matrix.device }})
+    needs: [android-ndk-snapdragon]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        device: [SM8750, SM8650, SM8850]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Download build artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: llama-cpp-android-arm64-snapdragon
+          path: pkg-snapdragon/llama.cpp
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+          cache: pip
+
+      - name: Install system dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y curl unzip
+
+      - name: Install QDC SDK wheel
+        run: |
+          curl -fSL -o qdc_sdk.zip https://softwarecenter.qualcomm.com/api/download/software/tools/Qualcomm_Device_Cloud_SDK/All/0.2.3/qualcomm_device_cloud_sdk-0.2.3.zip
+          unzip qdc_sdk.zip -d qdc_sdk
+          pip install qdc_sdk/qualcomm_device_cloud_sdk-0.2.3-py3-none-any.whl
+
+      - name: Check QDC API key
+        id: check_secret
+        env:
+          QDC_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.QDC_API_KEY }}
+        run: echo "has-qdc-key=${{ env.QDC_API_KEY != '' }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Run QDC tests (${{ matrix.device }})
+        if: steps.check_secret.outputs.has-qdc-key == 'true'
+        run: |
+          python scripts/snapdragon/qdc/run_qdc_jobs.py \
+              --test       all \
+              --pkg-dir    pkg-snapdragon/llama.cpp \
+              --model-url  "https://huggingface.co/bartowski/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-GGUF/resolve/main/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf" \
+              --device     ${{ matrix.device }}
+        env:
+          QDC_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.QDC_API_KEY }}
+
+      - name: Cleanup
+        if: always()
+        run: rm -rf pkg-snapdragon qdc_sdk qdc_sdk.zip

.github/workflows/build-android.yml

@@ -1,26 +1,24 @@
 name: CI (android)
 
 on:
-  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
+  workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     branches:
       - master
-    paths: [
-      '.github/workflows/build-android.yml',
-      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
-      '**/.cmake',
-      '**/*.h',
-      '**/*.hpp',
-      '**/*.c',
-      '**/*.cpp'
-    ]
+    paths:
+      - '.github/workflows/build-android.yml'
+      - '**/CMakeLists.txt'
+      - '**/.cmake'
+      - '**/*.h'
+      - '**/*.hpp'
+      - '**/*.c'
+      - '**/*.cpp'
 
   pull_request:
     types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
-    paths: [
-      '.github/workflows/build-android.yml',
-      'examples/llama.android/**'
-    ]
+    paths:
+      - '.github/workflows/build-android.yml'
+      - 'examples/llama.android/**'
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
@@ -67,35 +65,24 @@ jobs:
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        include:
-          - build: 'arm64-cpu'
-            defines: '-D ANDROID_ABI=arm64-v8a -D ANDROID_PLATFORM=android-31 -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${ANDROID_NDK_ROOT}/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake -D GGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH=armv8.5-a+fp16+i8mm -G Ninja -D LLAMA_OPENSSL=OFF -D GGML_OPENMP=OFF'
-          - build: 'arm64-snapdragon'
-            defines: '--preset arm64-android-snapdragon-release'
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
-        id: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
           lfs: false
 
-      - name: Build Llama.CPP for Hexagon Android
-        id: build_llama_cpp_hexagon_android
+      - name: Build
+        id: ndk_build
         run: |
-          if [[ "${{ matrix.build }}" == "arm64-snapdragon" ]]; then
-            cp docs/backend/snapdragon/CMakeUserPresets.json .
-          fi
-          cmake ${{ matrix.defines }} -B build
+          cmake -D ANDROID_ABI=arm64-v8a -D ANDROID_PLATFORM=android-31 -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${ANDROID_NDK_ROOT}/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake -D GGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH=armv8.5-a+fp16+i8mm -G Ninja -D LLAMA_OPENSSL=OFF -D GGML_OPENMP=OFF -B build
           cmake --build build
           cmake --install build --prefix pkg-adb/llama.cpp
 
-      - name: Upload Llama.CPP Hexagon Android Build Artifact
-        if: ${{ always() && steps.build_llama_cpp_hexagon_android.outcome == 'success' }}
+      - name: Upload Android Build Artifact
+        if: ${{ always() && steps.ndk_build.outcome == 'success' }}
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
-          name: llama-cpp-android-${{ matrix.build }}
+          name: llama-cpp-android-arm64-cpu
           path: pkg-adb/llama.cpp

.github/workflows/build-openvino.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+name: CI (openvino)
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-openvino.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/.cmake',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp',
+    ]
+
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-openvino.yml',
+      'ggml/src/ggml-openvino/**'
+    ]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  GGML_NLOOP: 3
+  GGML_N_THREADS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_PREFIX: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_TIMESTAMPS: 1
+
+jobs:
+  ubuntu-24-openvino:
+    name: ubuntu-24-openvino-${{ matrix.openvino_device }}
+
+    concurrency:
+      group: openvino-${{ matrix.variant }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.ref }}
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - variant: cpu
+            runner: '"ubuntu-24.04"'
+            openvino_device: "CPU"
+          - variant: gpu
+            runner: '["self-hosted","Linux","Intel","OpenVINO"]'
+            openvino_device: "GPU"
+
+    runs-on: ${{ fromJSON(matrix.runner) }}
+
+    env:
+      # Sync versions in build-openvino.yml, build-self-hosted.yml, release.yml, build-cache.yml, .devops/openvino.Dockerfile
+      OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR: "2026.0"
+      OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL: "2026.0.0.20965.c6d6a13a886"
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: ccache
+        if: runner.environment == 'github-hosted'
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
+        with:
+          key: ubuntu-24-openvino-${{ matrix.variant }}-no-preset-v1
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+          save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+      - name: Dependencies
+        id: depends
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential libssl-dev libtbb12 cmake ninja-build python3-pip
+          sudo apt-get install -y ocl-icd-opencl-dev opencl-headers opencl-clhpp-headers intel-opencl-icd
+
+      - name: Use OpenVINO Toolkit Cache
+        if: runner.environment == 'github-hosted'
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        id: cache-openvino
+        with:
+          path: ./openvino_toolkit
+          key: openvino-toolkit-v${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL }}-${{ runner.os }}
+
+      - name: Setup OpenVINO Toolkit
+        if: steps.cache-openvino.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        uses: ./.github/actions/linux-setup-openvino
+        with:
+          path: ./openvino_toolkit
+          version_major: ${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR }}
+          version_full: ${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL }}
+
+      - name: Install OpenVINO dependencies
+        run: |
+          cd ./openvino_toolkit
+          chmod +x ./install_dependencies/install_openvino_dependencies.sh
+          echo "Y" | sudo -E ./install_dependencies/install_openvino_dependencies.sh
+
+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          source ./openvino_toolkit/setupvars.sh
+          cmake -B build/ReleaseOV -G Ninja \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DGGML_OPENVINO=ON
+          time cmake --build build/ReleaseOV --config Release -j $(nproc)
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: cmake_test
+        # TODO: fix and re-enable the `test-llama-archs` test below
+        run: |
+          cd ${{ github.workspace }}
+          if [ "${{ matrix.openvino_device }}" = "GPU" ]; then
+            export GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE=GPU
+          fi
+          ctest --test-dir build/ReleaseOV -L main -E "test-llama-archs" --verbose --timeout 2000

.github/workflows/build-self-hosted.yml

@@ -265,6 +265,10 @@ jobs:
   ggml-ci-intel-openvino-gpu-low-perf:
     runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, Intel, OpenVINO]
 
+    concurrency:
+      group: openvino-gpu-${{ github.head_ref || github.ref }}
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+
     env:
       # Sync versions in build.yml, build-self-hosted.yml, release.yml, build-cache.yml, .devops/openvino.Dockerfile
       OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR: "2026.0"

.github/workflows/build-sycl.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+name: CI (sycl)
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-sycl.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/.cmake',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp'
+    ]
+
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-sycl.yml',
+      'ggml/src/ggml-sycl/**'
+    ]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  GGML_NLOOP: 3
+  GGML_N_THREADS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_PREFIX: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_TIMESTAMPS: 1
+
+jobs:
+
+  ubuntu-24-sycl:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        build: [fp32, fp16]
+        include:
+          - build: fp32
+            fp16: OFF
+          - build: fp16
+            fp16: ON
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
+    env:
+      ONEAPI_ROOT: /opt/intel/oneapi/
+      ONEAPI_INSTALLER_VERSION: "2025.3.3"
+
+    continue-on-error: true
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Use oneAPI Installation Cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        id: cache-sycl
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.ONEAPI_ROOT }}
+          key: oneAPI-${{ env.ONEAPI_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
+
+      - name: Download & Install oneAPI
+        shell: bash
+        if: steps.cache-sycl.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          cd /tmp
+          wget https://registrationcenter-download.intel.com/akdlm/IRC_NAS/56f7923a-adb8-43f3-8b02-2b60fcac8cab/intel-deep-learning-essentials-2025.3.3.16_offline.sh -O intel-deep-learning-essentials_offline.sh
+          sudo bash intel-deep-learning-essentials_offline.sh -s -a --silent --eula accept
+
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
+        with:
+          key: ubuntu-24-sycl-${{ matrix.build }}
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+          save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
+          cmake -B build \
+            -G "Ninja" \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DGGML_SYCL=ON \
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx \
+            -DLLAMA_OPENSSL=OFF \
+            -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF \
+            -DGGML_SYCL_F16=${{ matrix.fp16 }}
+          time cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
+
+  windows-latest-sycl:
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+
+    env:
+      WINDOWS_BASEKIT_URL: https://registrationcenter-download.intel.com/akdlm/IRC_NAS/b60765d1-2b85-4e85-86b6-cb0e9563a699/intel-deep-learning-essentials-2025.3.3.18_offline.exe
+      WINDOWS_DPCPP_MKL: intel.oneapi.win.cpp-dpcpp-common:intel.oneapi.win.mkl.devel:intel.oneapi.win.dnnl:intel.oneapi.win.tbb.devel
+      ONEAPI_ROOT: "C:/Program Files (x86)/Intel/oneAPI"
+      ONEAPI_INSTALLER_VERSION: "2025.3.3"
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Use oneAPI Installation Cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        id: cache-sycl
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.ONEAPI_ROOT }}
+          key: oneAPI-${{ env.ONEAPI_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
+
+      - name: Download & Install oneAPI
+        shell: bash
+        if: steps.cache-sycl.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          scripts/install-oneapi.bat $WINDOWS_BASEKIT_URL $WINDOWS_DPCPP_MKL
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
+        with:
+          key: windows-latest-sycl
+          variant: ccache
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+          save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+      # TODO: add ssl support ; we will also need to modify win-build-sycl.bat to accept user-specified args
+
+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        run:  examples/sycl/win-build-sycl.bat

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -555,186 +555,6 @@ jobs:
             -DGGML_MUSA=ON
           time cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
 
-  ubuntu-22-sycl:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-
-    continue-on-error: true
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: add oneAPI to apt
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          cd /tmp
-          wget https://apt.repos.intel.com/intel-gpg-keys/GPG-PUB-KEY-INTEL-SW-PRODUCTS.PUB
-          sudo apt-key add GPG-PUB-KEY-INTEL-SW-PRODUCTS.PUB
-          rm GPG-PUB-KEY-INTEL-SW-PRODUCTS.PUB
-          sudo add-apt-repository "deb https://apt.repos.intel.com/oneapi all main"
-
-      - name: install oneAPI dpcpp compiler
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          sudo apt update
-          sudo apt install intel-oneapi-compiler-dpcpp-cpp libssl-dev
-
-      - name: install oneAPI MKL library
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          sudo apt install intel-oneapi-mkl-devel
-
-      - name: Clone
-        id: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
-        with:
-          key: ubuntu-22-sycl
-          evict-old-files: 1d
-          save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
-
-      - name: Build
-        id: cmake_build
-        run: |
-          source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-          cmake -B build \
-            -DGGML_SYCL=ON \
-            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx \
-            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx
-          time cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
-
-  ubuntu-22-sycl-fp16:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-
-    continue-on-error: true
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: add oneAPI to apt
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          cd /tmp
-          wget https://apt.repos.intel.com/intel-gpg-keys/GPG-PUB-KEY-INTEL-SW-PRODUCTS.PUB
-          sudo apt-key add GPG-PUB-KEY-INTEL-SW-PRODUCTS.PUB
-          rm GPG-PUB-KEY-INTEL-SW-PRODUCTS.PUB
-          sudo add-apt-repository "deb https://apt.repos.intel.com/oneapi all main"
-
-      - name: install oneAPI dpcpp compiler
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          sudo apt update
-          sudo apt install intel-oneapi-compiler-dpcpp-cpp libssl-dev ninja-build
-
-      - name: install oneAPI MKL library
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          sudo apt install intel-oneapi-mkl-devel
-
-      - name: Clone
-        id: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
-        with:
-          key: ubuntu-22-sycl-fp16
-          evict-old-files: 1d
-          save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
-
-      - name: Build
-        id: cmake_build
-        run: |
-          source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-          cmake -B build \
-            -G "Ninja" \
-            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-            -DGGML_SYCL=ON \
-            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx \
-            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx \
-            -DGGML_SYCL_F16=ON
-          time cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
-
-  ubuntu-24-openvino:
-      name: ubuntu-24-openvino-${{ matrix.openvino_device }}
-      strategy:
-        matrix:
-          include:
-            - variant: cpu
-              runner: '"ubuntu-24.04"'
-              openvino_device: "CPU"
-            - variant: gpu
-              runner: '["self-hosted","Linux","X64","Intel"]'
-              openvino_device: "GPU"
-
-      runs-on: ${{ fromJSON(matrix.runner) }}
-
-      env:
-        # Sync versions in build.yml, build-self-hosted.yml, release.yml, build-cache.yml, .devops/openvino.Dockerfile
-        OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR: "2026.0"
-        OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL: "2026.0.0.20965.c6d6a13a886"
-
-      steps:
-        - name: Clone
-          id: checkout
-          uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-        - name: ccache
-          if: runner.environment == 'github-hosted'
-          uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
-          with:
-            key: ubuntu-24-openvino-${{ matrix.variant }}-no-preset-v1
-            evict-old-files: 1d
-            save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
-
-        - name: Dependencies
-          id: depends
-          run: |
-            sudo apt-get update
-            sudo apt-get install -y build-essential libssl-dev libtbb12 cmake ninja-build python3-pip
-            sudo apt-get install -y ocl-icd-opencl-dev opencl-headers opencl-clhpp-headers intel-opencl-icd
-
-        - name: Use OpenVINO Toolkit Cache
-          if: runner.environment == 'github-hosted'
-          uses: actions/cache@v5
-          id: cache-openvino
-          with:
-            path: ./openvino_toolkit
-            key: openvino-toolkit-v${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL }}-${{ runner.os }}
-
-        - name: Setup OpenVINO Toolkit
-          if: steps.cache-openvino.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-          uses: ./.github/actions/linux-setup-openvino
-          with:
-            path: ./openvino_toolkit
-            version_major: ${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR }}
-            version_full: ${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL }}
-
-        - name: Install OpenVINO dependencies
-          run: |
-            cd ./openvino_toolkit
-            chmod +x ./install_dependencies/install_openvino_dependencies.sh
-            echo "Y" | sudo -E ./install_dependencies/install_openvino_dependencies.sh
-
-        - name: Build
-          id: cmake_build
-          run: |
-            source ./openvino_toolkit/setupvars.sh
-            cmake -B build/ReleaseOV -G Ninja \
-              -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-              -DGGML_OPENVINO=ON
-            time cmake --build build/ReleaseOV --config Release -j $(nproc)
-
-        - name: Test
-          id: cmake_test
-          # TODO: fix and re-enable the `test-llama-archs` test below
-          run: |
-            cd ${{ github.workspace }}
-            if [ "${{ matrix.openvino_device }}" = "GPU" ]; then
-              export GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE=GPU
-            fi
-            ctest --test-dir build/ReleaseOV -L main -E "test-llama-archs" --verbose --timeout 2000
 
   windows-latest:
     runs-on: windows-2025
@@ -943,39 +763,6 @@ jobs:
           cmake --build build --config Release -j %NINJA_JOBS% -t ggml
           cmake --build build --config Release
 
-  windows-latest-sycl:
-    runs-on: windows-2022
-
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell: bash
-
-    env:
-      WINDOWS_BASEKIT_URL: https://registrationcenter-download.intel.com/akdlm/IRC_NAS/24751ead-ddc5-4479-b9e6-f9fe2ff8b9f2/intel-deep-learning-essentials-2025.2.1.25_offline.exe
-      WINDOWS_DPCPP_MKL: intel.oneapi.win.cpp-dpcpp-common:intel.oneapi.win.mkl.devel:intel.oneapi.win.dnnl:intel.oneapi.win.tbb.devel
-      ONEAPI_ROOT: "C:/Program Files (x86)/Intel/oneAPI"
-    steps:
-      - name: Clone
-        id: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-
-      - name: ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
-        with:
-          key: windows-latest-sycl
-          variant: ccache
-          evict-old-files: 1d
-          save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
-
-      - name: Install
-        run:  |
-          scripts/install-oneapi.bat $WINDOWS_BASEKIT_URL $WINDOWS_DPCPP_MKL
-
-      # TODO: add ssl support ; we will also need to modify win-build-sycl.bat to accept user-specified args
-
-      - name: Build
-        id: cmake_build
-        run:  examples/sycl/win-build-sycl.bat
 
   windows-latest-hip:
     runs-on: windows-2022

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -598,15 +598,29 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
 
     env:
-      WINDOWS_BASEKIT_URL: https://registrationcenter-download.intel.com/akdlm/IRC_NAS/24751ead-ddc5-4479-b9e6-f9fe2ff8b9f2/intel-deep-learning-essentials-2025.2.1.25_offline.exe
+      WINDOWS_BASEKIT_URL: https://registrationcenter-download.intel.com/akdlm/IRC_NAS/b60765d1-2b85-4e85-86b6-cb0e9563a699/intel-deep-learning-essentials-2025.3.3.18_offline.exe
       WINDOWS_DPCPP_MKL: intel.oneapi.win.cpp-dpcpp-common:intel.oneapi.win.mkl.devel:intel.oneapi.win.dnnl:intel.oneapi.win.tbb.devel
       ONEAPI_ROOT: "C:/Program Files (x86)/Intel/oneAPI"
+      ONEAPI_INSTALLER_VERSION: "2025.3.3"
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
         id: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
+      - name: Use oneAPI Installation Cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        id: cache-sycl
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.ONEAPI_ROOT }}
+          key: oneAPI-${{ env.ONEAPI_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
+
+      - name: Download & Install oneAPI
+        shell: bash
+        if: steps.cache-sycl.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          scripts/install-oneapi.bat $WINDOWS_BASEKIT_URL $WINDOWS_DPCPP_MKL
+
       - name: ccache
         uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
         with:
@@ -614,10 +628,6 @@ jobs:
           variant: ccache
           evict-old-files: 1d
 
-      - name: Install
-        run:  |
-          scripts/install-oneapi.bat $WINDOWS_BASEKIT_URL $WINDOWS_DPCPP_MKL
-
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
         shell: cmd
@@ -670,6 +680,82 @@ jobs:
           path: llama-bin-win-sycl-x64.zip
           name: llama-bin-win-sycl-x64.zip
 
+  ubuntu-24-sycl:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        build: [fp32, fp16]
+        include:
+          - build: fp32
+            fp16: OFF
+          - build: fp16
+            fp16: ON
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
+    env:
+      ONEAPI_ROOT: /opt/intel/oneapi/
+      ONEAPI_INSTALLER_VERSION: "2025.3.3"
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Use oneAPI Installation Cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        id: cache-sycl
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.ONEAPI_ROOT }}
+          key: oneAPI-${{ env.ONEAPI_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
+
+      - name: Download & Install oneAPI
+        shell: bash
+        if: steps.cache-sycl.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          cd /tmp
+          wget https://registrationcenter-download.intel.com/akdlm/IRC_NAS/56f7923a-adb8-43f3-8b02-2b60fcac8cab/intel-deep-learning-essentials-2025.3.3.16_offline.sh -O intel-deep-learning-essentials_offline.sh
+          sudo bash intel-deep-learning-essentials_offline.sh -s -a --silent --eula accept
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
+        with:
+          key: ubuntu-24-sycl-${{ matrix.build }}
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+          save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
+          cmake -B build \
+            -G "Ninja" \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DGGML_SYCL=ON \
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx \
+            -DLLAMA_OPENSSL=OFF \
+            -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF \
+            -DGGML_SYCL_F16=${{ matrix.fp16 }}
+          time cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
+
+      - name: Determine tag name
+        id: tag
+        uses: ./.github/actions/get-tag-name
+
+      - name: Pack artifacts
+        id: pack_artifacts
+        run: |
+          cp LICENSE ./build/bin/
+          tar -czvf llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-sycl-${{ matrix.build }}-x64.tar.gz --transform "s,./,llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/," -C ./build/bin .
+
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-sycl-${{ matrix.build }}-x64.tar.gz
+          name: llama-bin-ubuntu-sycl-${{ matrix.build }}-x64.tar.gz
+
   ubuntu-22-rocm:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
 
@@ -1045,6 +1131,7 @@ jobs:
       - ubuntu-cpu
       - ubuntu-vulkan
       - ubuntu-24-openvino
+      - ubuntu-24-sycl
       - android-arm64
       - macOS-cpu
       - ios-xcode-build
@@ -1133,6 +1220,8 @@ jobs:
             - [Ubuntu arm64 (Vulkan)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-vulkan-arm64.tar.gz)
             - [Ubuntu x64 (ROCm 7.2)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-rocm-7.2-x64.tar.gz)
             - [Ubuntu x64 (OpenVINO)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-openvino-${{ needs.ubuntu-24-openvino.outputs.openvino_version }}-x64.tar.gz)
+            - [Ubuntu x64 (SYCL FP32)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-sycl-fp32-x64.tar.gz)
+            - [Ubuntu x64 (SYCL FP16)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-sycl-fp16-x64.tar.gz)
 
             **Android:**
             - [Android arm64 (CPU)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-android-arm64.tar.gz)

.gitignore

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 /.vscode/
 /nppBackup
 
-
 # Coverage
 
 /gcovr-report/
@@ -74,6 +73,7 @@
 !/models/templates
 
 # Zig
+
 /zig-out/
 /zig-cache/
 
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@
 !/examples/sycl/*.sh
 
 # Server Web UI temporary files
+
 /tools/server/webui/node_modules
 /tools/server/webui/dist
 # we no longer use gz for index.html
@@ -106,9 +107,11 @@ __pycache__/
 poetry.toml
 
 # Nix
+
 /result
 
 # Test binaries
+
 /tests/test-backend-ops
 /tests/test-double-float
 /tests/test-grad0
@@ -124,6 +127,7 @@ poetry.toml
 /tests/test-tokenizer-1-spm
 
 # Scripts
+
 !/scripts/install-oneapi.bat
 
 # Generated by scripts
@@ -132,16 +136,24 @@ poetry.toml
 /wikitext-2-raw/
 
 # Test models for lora adapters
+
 /lora-tests
 
 # Local scripts
+
 /run-vim.sh
 /run-chat.sh
 /run-spec.sh
 /.ccache/
 
 # IDE
+
 /*.code-workspace
 /.windsurf/
 # emscripten
 a.out.*
+
+# AGENTS
+
+AGENTS.local.md
+.pi/SYSTEM.md

.pi/gg/SYSTEM.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+You are a coding agent. Here are some very important rules that you must follow:
+
+General:
+- By very precise and concise when writing code, comments, explanations, etc.
+- PR and commit titles format: `<module> : <title>`. Lookup recents for examples
+- Don't try to build or run the code unless you are explicitly asked to do so
+
+Coding:
+- When in doubt, always refer to the CONTRIBUTING.md file of the project
+- When referencing issues or PRs in comments, use the format:
+  - C/C++ code: `// ref: <url>`
+  - Other (CMake, etc.): `# ref: <url>`
+
+Pull requests (PRs):
+- New branch names are prefixed with "gg/"
+- Before opening a pull request, ask the user to confirm the description
+- When creating a pull request, look for the repository's PR template and follow it
+- For the AI usage disclosure section, write "YES. llama.cpp + pi"
+- Always create the pull requests in draft mode
+
+Commits:
+- On every commit that you make, include a "Assisted-by: llama.cpp:local pi" tag
+- Do not explicitly set the git author in commits - rely on the default git config
+
+Resources (read on demand):
+- [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md)
+- [Build documentation](docs/build.md)
+- [Server usage documentation](tools/server/README.md)
+- [Server development documentation](tools/server/README-dev.md)
+- [PEG parser](docs/development/parsing.md)
+- [Auto parser](docs/autoparser.md)
+- [Jinja engine](common/jinja/README.md)
+- [PR template](.github/pull_request_template.md)

CODEOWNERS

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 /ci/                                    @ggerganov
 /cmake/                                 @ggerganov
 /common/                                @ggml-org/llama-common
+/common/fit.*                           @JohannesGaessler
 /common/jinja/                          @CISC
 /common/ngram-map.*                     @srogmann
 /convert_*.py                           @CISC

common/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ add_library(${TARGET}
     debug.h
     download.cpp
     download.h
+    fit.cpp
+    fit.h
     hf-cache.cpp
     hf-cache.h
     http.h

common/arg.cpp

@@ -2426,6 +2426,20 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             }
         }
     ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_FIT"));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        { "-fitp", "--fit-print" }, "[on|off]",
+        string_format("print the estimated required memory ('on' or 'off', default: '%s')", params.fit_params_print ? "on" : "off"),
+        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
+            if (is_truthy(value)) {
+                params.fit_params_print = true;
+            } else if (is_falsey(value)) {
+                params.fit_params_print = false;
+            } else {
+                throw std::runtime_error(
+                    string_format("error: unknown value for --fit-print: '%s'\n", value.c_str()));
+            }
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_FIT_PARAMS}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_FIT_ESTIMATE"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         { "-fitt", "--fit-target" }, "MiB0,MiB1,MiB2,...",
         string_format("target margin per device for --fit, comma-separated list of values, "
@@ -3108,14 +3122,14 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         "token budget for thinking: -1 for unrestricted, 0 for immediate end, N>0 for token budget (default: -1)",
         [](common_params & params, int value) {
             if (value < -1) { throw std::invalid_argument("invalid value"); }
-            params.reasoning_budget = value;
+            params.sampling.reasoning_budget_tokens = value;
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMPLETION, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CLI}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_THINK_BUDGET"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--reasoning-budget-message"}, "MESSAGE",
         "message injected before the end-of-thinking tag when reasoning budget is exhausted (default: none)",
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.reasoning_budget_message = value;
+            params.sampling.reasoning_budget_message = value;
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMPLETION, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CLI}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_THINK_BUDGET_MESSAGE"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
@@ -3888,6 +3902,17 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CLI}));
 
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--spec-default"},
+        string_format("enable default speculative decoding config"),
+        [](common_params & params) {
+            params.speculative.type = COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_NGRAM_MOD;
+            params.speculative.ngram_size_n = 24;
+            params.speculative.n_min = 48;
+            params.speculative.n_max = 64;
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CLI}));
+
     return ctx_arg;
 }
 

common/chat.cpp

@@ -397,6 +397,25 @@ json common_chat_msgs_to_json_oaicompat(const std::vector<common_chat_msg> & msg
     return render_message_to_json(msgs, c);
 }
 
+json common_chat_tools_to_json_oaicompat(const std::vector<common_chat_tool> & tools) {
+    if (tools.empty()) {
+        return json();
+    }
+
+    auto result = json::array();
+    for (const auto & tool : tools) {
+        result.push_back({
+            { "type",     "function" },
+            { "function", {
+                { "name", tool.name },
+                { "description", tool.description },
+                { "parameters", json::parse(tool.parameters) },
+            }},
+        });
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
 std::vector<common_chat_tool> common_chat_tools_parse_oaicompat(const json & tools) {
     std::vector<common_chat_tool> result;
 
@@ -432,56 +451,6 @@ std::vector<common_chat_tool> common_chat_tools_parse_oaicompat(const json & too
     return result;
 }
 
-json common_chat_tools_to_json_oaicompat(const std::vector<common_chat_tool> & tools) {
-    if (tools.empty()) {
-        return json();
-    }
-
-    auto result = json::array();
-    for (const auto & tool : tools) {
-        result.push_back({
-            { "type",     "function" },
-            { "function",
-             {
-                  { "name", tool.name },
-                  { "description", tool.description },
-                  { "parameters", json::parse(tool.parameters) },
-              }                      },
-        });
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-json common_chat_msg_diff_to_json_oaicompat(const common_chat_msg_diff & diff) {
-    json delta = json::object();
-    if (!diff.reasoning_content_delta.empty()) {
-        delta["reasoning_content"] = diff.reasoning_content_delta;
-    }
-    if (!diff.content_delta.empty()) {
-        delta["content"] = diff.content_delta;
-    }
-    if (diff.tool_call_index != std::string::npos) {
-        json tool_call;
-        tool_call["index"] = diff.tool_call_index;
-        if (!diff.tool_call_delta.id.empty()) {
-            tool_call["id"]   = diff.tool_call_delta.id;
-            tool_call["type"] = "function";
-        }
-        if (!diff.tool_call_delta.name.empty() || !diff.tool_call_delta.arguments.empty()) {
-            json function = json::object();
-            if (!diff.tool_call_delta.name.empty()) {
-                function["name"] = diff.tool_call_delta.name;
-            }
-            if (!diff.tool_call_delta.arguments.empty()) {
-                function["arguments"] = diff.tool_call_delta.arguments;
-            }
-            tool_call["function"] = function;
-        }
-        delta["tool_calls"] = json::array({ tool_call });
-    }
-    return delta;
-}
-
 bool common_chat_verify_template(const std::string & tmpl, bool use_jinja) {
     if (use_jinja) {
         try {
@@ -575,6 +544,26 @@ bool common_chat_templates_was_explicit(const struct common_chat_templates * tmp
     return tmpls->has_explicit_template;
 }
 
+// LFM2 format detection: template uses <|tool_list_start|>[...]<|tool_list_end|> around the tool list
+// and <|tool_call_start|>[...]<|tool_call_end|> around each tool call
+static bool is_lfm2_template(const std::string & src) {
+    return src.find("<|tool_list_start|>") != std::string::npos &&
+           src.find("<|tool_list_end|>")   != std::string::npos;
+}
+
+common_chat_prompt_preset common_chat_get_asr_prompt(const common_chat_templates * chat_templates) {
+    common_chat_prompt_preset asr_preset;
+    asr_preset.system = "";
+    asr_preset.user   = "Transcribe audio to text";
+
+    if (chat_templates && chat_templates->template_default && is_lfm2_template(chat_templates->template_default->source())) {
+        asr_preset.system = "Perform ASR.";
+        asr_preset.user   = "";
+    }
+
+    return asr_preset;
+}
+
 std::string common_chat_templates_source(const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls, const std::string & variant) {
     if (!variant.empty()) {
         if (variant == "tool_use") {
@@ -2084,10 +2073,7 @@ std::optional<common_chat_params> common_chat_try_specialized_template(
         return common_chat_params_init_kimi_k2(tmpl, params);
     }
 
-    // LFM2 format detection: template uses <|tool_list_start|>[...]<|tool_list_end|> around the tool list
-    // and <|tool_call_start|>[...]<|tool_call_end|> around each tool call
-    if (src.find("<|tool_list_start|>") != std::string::npos &&
-        src.find("<|tool_list_end|>") != std::string::npos) {
+    if (is_lfm2_template(src)) {
         LOG_DBG("Using specialized template: LFM2\n");
         return common_chat_params_init_lfm2(tmpl, params);
     }
@@ -2396,4 +2382,3 @@ std::map<std::string, bool> common_chat_templates_get_caps(const common_chat_tem
     GGML_ASSERT(chat_templates->template_default != nullptr);
     return chat_templates->template_default->caps.to_map();
 }
-

common/chat.h

@@ -256,14 +256,13 @@ bool common_chat_templates_support_enable_thinking(const common_chat_templates *
 // Parses a JSON array of messages in OpenAI's chat completion API format.
 std::vector<common_chat_msg> common_chat_msgs_parse_oaicompat(const nlohmann::ordered_json & messages);
 
+std::vector<common_chat_tool> common_chat_tools_parse_oaicompat(const nlohmann::ordered_json & tools);
+
 // DEPRECATED: only used in tests
 nlohmann::ordered_json common_chat_msgs_to_json_oaicompat(const std::vector<common_chat_msg> & msgs, bool concat_typed_text = false);
 
-std::vector<common_chat_tool> common_chat_tools_parse_oaicompat(const nlohmann::ordered_json & tools);
 nlohmann::ordered_json common_chat_tools_to_json_oaicompat(const std::vector<common_chat_tool> & tools);
 
-nlohmann::ordered_json common_chat_msg_diff_to_json_oaicompat(const common_chat_msg_diff & diff);
-
 // get template caps, useful for reporting to server /props endpoint
 std::map<std::string, bool> common_chat_templates_get_caps(const common_chat_templates * chat_templates);
 
@@ -275,3 +274,11 @@ std::optional<common_chat_params> common_chat_try_specialized_template(
         const common_chat_template &          tmpl,
         const std::string &                   src,
         autoparser::generation_params & params);
+
+// specialized per-task preset
+struct common_chat_prompt_preset {
+    std::string system;
+    std::string user;
+};
+
+common_chat_prompt_preset common_chat_get_asr_prompt(const common_chat_templates * chat_templates);

common/common.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include "build-info.h"
 #include "common.h"
+#include "fit.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "llama.h"
 #include "sampling.h"
@@ -1147,7 +1148,7 @@ common_init_result::common_init_result(common_params & params) :
 
     if (params.fit_params) {
         LOG_INF("%s: fitting params to device memory, for bugs during this step try to reproduce them with -fit off, or provide --verbose logs if the bug only occurs with -fit on\n", __func__);
-        llama_params_fit(params.model.path.c_str(), &mparams, &cparams,
+        common_fit_params(params.model.path.c_str(), &mparams, &cparams,
             params.tensor_split,
             params.tensor_buft_overrides.data(),
             params.fit_params_target.data(),

common/common.h

@@ -274,6 +274,7 @@ struct common_params_sampling {
     std::vector<llama_token> reasoning_budget_start;           // start tag token sequence
     std::vector<llama_token> reasoning_budget_end;             // end tag token sequence
     std::vector<llama_token> reasoning_budget_forced;          // forced sequence (message + end tag)
+    std::string              reasoning_budget_message;         // message injected before end tag when budget exhausted
 
     bool backend_sampling = false;
 
@@ -420,11 +421,12 @@ struct common_params {
     // offload params
     std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devices; // devices to use for offloading
 
-    int32_t n_gpu_layers       = -1;   // number of layers to store in VRAM, -1 is auto, <= -2 is all
-    int32_t main_gpu           = 0;    // the GPU that is used for scratch and small tensors
-    float   tensor_split[128]  = {0};  // how split tensors should be distributed across GPUs
-    bool    fit_params         = true; // whether to fit unset model/context parameters to free device memory
-    int32_t fit_params_min_ctx = 4096; // minimum context size to set when trying to reduce memory use
+    int32_t n_gpu_layers       = -1;    // number of layers to store in VRAM, -1 is auto, <= -2 is all
+    int32_t main_gpu           = 0;     // the GPU that is used for scratch and small tensors
+    float   tensor_split[128]  = {0};   // how split tensors should be distributed across GPUs
+    bool    fit_params         = true;  // whether to fit unset model/context parameters to free device memory
+    bool    fit_params_print   = false; // print the estimated required memory to run the model
+    int32_t fit_params_min_ctx = 4096;  // minimum context size to set when trying to reduce memory use
 
     // margin per device in bytes for fitting parameters to free memory:
     std::vector<size_t> fit_params_target = std::vector<size_t>(llama_max_devices(), 1024 * 1024*1024);
@@ -580,8 +582,6 @@ struct common_params {
     bool force_pure_content_parser = false;
     common_reasoning_format reasoning_format = COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK;
     int enable_reasoning = -1; // -1 = auto, 0 = disable, 1 = enable
-    int reasoning_budget = -1;
-    std::string reasoning_budget_message; // message injected before end tag when budget exhausted
     bool prefill_assistant = true; // if true, any trailing assistant message will be prefilled into the response
     int sleep_idle_seconds = -1;   // if >0, server will sleep after this many seconds of idle time
 
@@ -746,6 +746,11 @@ inline bool string_starts_with(std::string_view str, std::string_view prefix) {
            str.compare(0, prefix.size(), prefix) == 0;
 }
 
+// remove when moving to c++20
+inline bool string_starts_with(std::string_view str, char prefix) {
+    return !str.empty() && str.front() == prefix;
+}
+
 // remove when moving to c++20
 inline bool string_ends_with(std::string_view str, std::string_view suffix) {
     return str.size() >= suffix.size() &&

common/fit.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,951 @@
+#include "fit.h"
+
+#include "log.h"
+
+#include "../src/llama-ext.h"
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+// this enum is only used in llama_params_fit_impl but needs to be defined outside of it to fix a Windows compilation issue
+// enum to identify part of a layer for distributing its tensors:
+enum common_layer_fraction_t {
+    LAYER_FRACTION_NONE = 0, // nothing
+    LAYER_FRACTION_ATTN = 1, // attention
+    LAYER_FRACTION_UP   = 2, // attention + up
+    LAYER_FRACTION_GATE = 3, // attention + up + gate
+    LAYER_FRACTION_MOE  = 4, // everything but sparse MoE weights
+};
+
+class common_params_fit_exception : public std::runtime_error {
+    using std::runtime_error::runtime_error;
+};
+
+static std::vector<llama_device_memory_data> common_get_device_memory_data(
+        const char * path_model,
+        const llama_model_params * mparams,
+        const llama_context_params * cparams,
+        std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> & devs,
+        uint32_t & hp_ngl,
+        uint32_t & hp_n_ctx_train,
+        uint32_t & hp_n_expert,
+        ggml_log_level log_level) {
+    struct user_data_t {
+        struct {
+            ggml_log_callback callback;
+            void * user_data;
+        } original_logger;
+        ggml_log_level min_level; // prints below this log level go to debug log
+    };
+    user_data_t ud;
+    llama_log_get(&ud.original_logger.callback, &ud.original_logger.user_data);
+    ud.min_level = log_level;
+
+    llama_log_set([](ggml_log_level level, const char * text, void * user_data) {
+        const user_data_t * ud = (const user_data_t *) user_data;
+        const ggml_log_level level_eff = level >= ud->min_level ? level : GGML_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG;
+        ud->original_logger.callback(level_eff, text, ud->original_logger.user_data);
+    }, &ud);
+
+    llama_model_params mparams_copy = *mparams;
+    mparams_copy.no_alloc  = true;
+    mparams_copy.use_mmap  = false;
+    mparams_copy.use_mlock = false;
+
+    llama_model * model = llama_model_load_from_file(path_model, mparams_copy);
+    if (model == nullptr) {
+        llama_log_set(ud.original_logger.callback, ud.original_logger.user_data);
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to load model");
+    }
+
+    llama_context * ctx = llama_init_from_model(model, *cparams);
+    if (ctx == nullptr) {
+        llama_model_free(model);
+        llama_log_set(ud.original_logger.callback, ud.original_logger.user_data);
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create llama_context from model");
+    }
+
+    const size_t nd = llama_model_n_devices(model);
+    std::vector<llama_device_memory_data> ret(nd + 1);
+
+    llama_memory_breakdown memory_breakdown = llama_get_memory_breakdown(ctx);
+
+    for (const auto & [buft, mb] : memory_breakdown) {
+        if (ggml_backend_buft_is_host(buft)) {
+            ret.back().mb.model   += mb.model;
+            ret.back().mb.context += mb.context;
+            ret.back().mb.compute += mb.compute;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_buft_get_device(buft);
+        if (!dev) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < nd; i++) {
+            if (dev == llama_model_get_device(model, i)) {
+                ret[i].mb.model   += mb.model;
+                ret[i].mb.context += mb.context;
+                ret[i].mb.compute += mb.compute;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    {
+        ggml_backend_dev_t cpu_dev = ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU);
+        if (cpu_dev == nullptr) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("no CPU backend found");
+        }
+        size_t free;
+        size_t total;
+        ggml_backend_dev_memory(cpu_dev, &free, &total);
+        ret.back().free  = free;
+        ret.back().total = total;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nd; i++) {
+        size_t free;
+        size_t total;
+        ggml_backend_dev_memory(llama_model_get_device(model, i), &free, &total);
+
+        // devices can return 0 bytes for free and total memory if they do not
+        // have any to report. in this case, we will use the host memory as a fallback
+        // fixes: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/18577
+        if (free == 0 && total == 0) {
+            free  = ret.back().free;
+            total = ret.back().total;
+        }
+        ret[i].free  = free;
+        ret[i].total = total;
+    }
+
+    devs.clear();
+    for (int i = 0; i < llama_model_n_devices(model); i++) {
+        devs.push_back(llama_model_get_device(model, i));
+    }
+
+    hp_ngl         = llama_model_n_layer(model);
+    hp_n_ctx_train = llama_model_n_ctx_train(model);
+    hp_n_expert    = llama_model_n_expert(model);
+
+    common_memory_breakdown_print(ctx);
+
+    llama_free(ctx);
+    llama_model_free(model);
+    llama_log_set(ud.original_logger.callback, ud.original_logger.user_data);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static void common_params_fit_impl(
+        const char * path_model, struct llama_model_params * mparams, struct llama_context_params * cparams,
+        float * tensor_split, struct llama_model_tensor_buft_override * tensor_buft_overrides,
+        size_t * margins_s, uint32_t n_ctx_min, enum ggml_log_level log_level) {
+    if (mparams->split_mode == LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_TENSOR) {
+        throw common_params_fit_exception("llama_params_fit is not implemented for SPLIT_MODE_TENSOR, abort");
+    }
+    constexpr int64_t MiB = 1024*1024;
+    typedef std::vector<llama_device_memory_data> dmds_t;
+    const llama_model_params default_mparams = llama_model_default_params();
+
+    std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devs;
+    uint32_t hp_ngl = 0; // hparams.n_gpu_layers
+    uint32_t hp_nct = 0; // hparams.n_ctx_train
+    uint32_t hp_nex = 0; // hparams.n_expert
+
+    // step 1: get data for default parameters and check whether any changes are necessary in the first place
+
+    LOG_INF("%s: getting device memory data for initial parameters:\n", __func__);
+    const dmds_t dmds_full = common_get_device_memory_data(path_model, mparams, cparams, devs, hp_ngl, hp_nct, hp_nex, log_level);
+    const size_t nd = devs.size(); // number of devices
+
+    std::vector<int64_t> margins; // this function uses int64_t rather than size_t for memory sizes to more conveniently handle deficits
+    margins.reserve(nd);
+    if (nd == 0) {
+        margins.push_back(margins_s[0]);
+    } else {
+        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+            margins.push_back(margins_s[id]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> dev_names;
+    {
+        dev_names.reserve(nd);
+        size_t max_length = 0;
+        for (const auto & dev : devs) {
+            std::string name = ggml_backend_dev_name(dev);
+            name += " (";
+            name += ggml_backend_dev_description(dev);
+            name += ")";
+            dev_names.push_back(name);
+            max_length = std::max(max_length, name.length());
+        }
+        for (std::string & dn : dev_names) {
+            dn.insert(dn.end(), max_length - dn.length(), ' ');
+        }
+    }
+
+    int64_t sum_free            = 0;
+    int64_t sum_projected_free  = 0;
+    int64_t sum_projected_used  = 0;
+    int64_t sum_projected_model = 0;
+    std::vector<int64_t> projected_free_per_device;
+    projected_free_per_device.reserve(nd);
+
+    if (nd == 0) {
+        sum_projected_used = dmds_full.back().mb.total();
+        sum_free           = dmds_full.back().total;
+        sum_projected_free = sum_free - sum_projected_used;
+        LOG_INF("%s: projected to use %" PRId64 " MiB of host memory vs. %" PRId64 " MiB of total host memory\n",
+            __func__, sum_projected_used/MiB, sum_free/MiB);
+        if (sum_projected_free >= margins[0]) {
+            LOG_INF("%s: will leave %" PRId64 " >= %" PRId64 " MiB of system memory, no changes needed\n",
+                __func__, sum_projected_free/MiB, margins[0]/MiB);
+            return;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (nd > 1) {
+            LOG_INF("%s: projected memory use with initial parameters [MiB]:\n", __func__);
+        }
+        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+            const llama_device_memory_data & dmd = dmds_full[id];
+
+            const int64_t projected_used = dmd.mb.total();
+            const int64_t projected_free = dmd.free - projected_used;
+            projected_free_per_device.push_back(projected_free);
+
+            sum_free            += dmd.free;
+            sum_projected_used  += projected_used;
+            sum_projected_free  += projected_free;
+            sum_projected_model += dmd.mb.model;
+
+            if (nd > 1) {
+                LOG_INF("%s:   - %s: %6" PRId64 " total, %6" PRId64 " used, %6" PRId64 " free vs. target of %6" PRId64 "\n",
+                    __func__, dev_names[id].c_str(), dmd.total/MiB, projected_used/MiB, projected_free/MiB, margins[id]/MiB);
+            }
+        }
+        assert(sum_free >= 0 && sum_projected_used >= 0);
+        LOG_INF("%s: projected to use %" PRId64 " MiB of device memory vs. %" PRId64 " MiB of free device memory\n",
+            __func__, sum_projected_used/MiB, sum_free/MiB);
+        if (nd == 1) {
+            if (projected_free_per_device[0] >= margins[0]) {
+                LOG_INF("%s: will leave %" PRId64 " >= %" PRId64 " MiB of free device memory, no changes needed\n",
+                    __func__, projected_free_per_device[0]/MiB, margins[0]/MiB);
+                return;
+            }
+        } else {
+            bool changes_needed = false;
+            for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+                if (projected_free_per_device[id] < margins[id]) {
+                    changes_needed = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!changes_needed) {
+                LOG_INF("%s: targets for free memory can be met on all devices, no changes needed\n", __func__);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // step 2: try reducing memory use by reducing the context size
+
+    {
+        int64_t global_surplus = sum_projected_free;
+        if (nd == 0) {
+            global_surplus -= margins[0];
+        } else {
+            for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+                global_surplus -= margins[id];
+            }
+        }
+        if (global_surplus < 0) {
+            if (nd <= 1) {
+                LOG_INF("%s: cannot meet free memory target of %" PRId64 " MiB, need to reduce device memory by %" PRId64 " MiB\n",
+                    __func__, margins[0]/MiB, -global_surplus/MiB);
+            } else {
+                LOG_INF(
+                    "%s: cannot meet free memory targets on all devices, need to use %" PRId64 " MiB less in total\n",
+                    __func__, -global_surplus/MiB);
+            }
+            if (cparams->n_ctx == 0) {
+                if (hp_nct > n_ctx_min) {
+                    int64_t sum_used_target = sum_free;
+                    if (nd == 0) {
+                        sum_used_target -= margins[0];
+                    } else {
+                        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+                            sum_used_target -= margins[id];
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (nd > 1) {
+                        // for multiple devices we need to be more conservative in terms of how much context we think can fit:
+                        //   - for dense models only whole layers can be assigned to devices
+                        //   - for MoE models only whole tensors can be assigned to devices, which we estimate to be <= 1/3 of a layer
+                        //   - on average we expect a waste of 0.5 layers/tensors per device
+                        //   - use slightly more than the expected average for nd devices to be safe
+                        const int64_t model_per_layer = sum_projected_model / std::min(uint32_t(mparams->n_gpu_layers), hp_ngl);
+                        sum_used_target -= (nd + 1) * model_per_layer / (hp_nex == 0 ? 2 : 6);
+                    }
+
+                    int64_t sum_projected_used_min_ctx = 0;
+                    cparams->n_ctx = n_ctx_min;
+                    const dmds_t dmds_min_ctx = common_get_device_memory_data(path_model, mparams, cparams, devs, hp_ngl, hp_nct, hp_nex, log_level);
+                    if (nd == 0) {
+                        sum_projected_used_min_ctx = dmds_min_ctx.back().mb.total();
+                    } else {
+                        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+                            sum_projected_used_min_ctx += dmds_min_ctx[id].mb.total();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (sum_used_target > sum_projected_used_min_ctx) {
+                        // linear interpolation between minimum and maximum context size:
+                        cparams->n_ctx += (hp_nct - n_ctx_min) * (sum_used_target - sum_projected_used_min_ctx)
+                            / (sum_projected_used - sum_projected_used_min_ctx);
+                        cparams->n_ctx = std::max(cparams->n_ctx - cparams->n_ctx % 256, n_ctx_min); // round down context for CUDA backend
+
+                        const int64_t bytes_per_ctx = (sum_projected_used - sum_projected_used_min_ctx) / (hp_nct - n_ctx_min);
+                        const int64_t memory_reduction = (hp_nct - cparams->n_ctx) * bytes_per_ctx;
+                        LOG_INF("%s: context size reduced from %" PRIu32 " to %" PRIu32 " -> need %" PRId64 " MiB less memory in total\n",
+                            __func__, hp_nct, cparams->n_ctx, memory_reduction/MiB);
+                        if (nd <= 1) {
+                            LOG_INF("%s: entire model can be fit by reducing context\n", __func__);
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        LOG_INF("%s: entire model should be fit across devices by reducing context\n", __func__);
+                    } else {
+                        const int64_t memory_reduction = sum_projected_used - sum_projected_used_min_ctx;
+                        LOG_INF("%s: context size reduced from %" PRIu32 " to %" PRIu32 " -> need %" PRId64 " MiB less memory in total\n",
+                            __func__, hp_nct, cparams->n_ctx, memory_reduction/MiB);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (n_ctx_min == UINT32_MAX) {
+                        LOG_INF("%s: user has requested full context size of %" PRIu32 " -> no change\n", __func__, hp_nct);
+                    } else {
+                        LOG_INF("%s: default model context size is %" PRIu32 " which is <= the min. context size of %" PRIu32 " -> no change\n",
+                            __func__, hp_nct, n_ctx_min);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                LOG_INF("%s: context size set by user to %" PRIu32 " -> no change\n", __func__, cparams->n_ctx);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (nd == 0) {
+        throw common_params_fit_exception("was unable to fit model into system memory by reducing context, abort");
+    }
+
+    if (mparams->n_gpu_layers != default_mparams.n_gpu_layers) {
+        throw common_params_fit_exception("n_gpu_layers already set by user to " + std::to_string(mparams->n_gpu_layers) + ", abort");
+    }
+    if (nd > 1) {
+        if (!tensor_split) {
+            throw common_params_fit_exception("did not provide a buffer to write the tensor_split to, abort");
+        }
+        if (mparams->tensor_split) {
+            for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+                if (mparams->tensor_split[id] != 0.0f) {
+                    throw common_params_fit_exception("model_params::tensor_split already set by user, abort");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (mparams->split_mode == LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_ROW) {
+            throw common_params_fit_exception("changing weight allocation for LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_ROW not implemented, abort");
+        }
+    }
+    if (!tensor_buft_overrides) {
+        throw common_params_fit_exception("did not provide buffer to set tensor_buft_overrides, abort");
+    }
+    if (mparams->tensor_buft_overrides && (mparams->tensor_buft_overrides->pattern || mparams->tensor_buft_overrides->buft)) {
+        throw common_params_fit_exception("model_params::tensor_buft_overrides already set by user, abort");
+    }
+
+    // step 3: iteratively fill the back to front with "dense" layers
+    //   - for a dense model simply fill full layers, giving each device a contiguous slice of the model
+    //   - for a MoE model, same as dense model but with all MoE tensors in system memory
+
+    // utility function that returns a static C string matching the tensors for a specific layer index and layer fraction:
+    auto get_overflow_pattern = [&](const size_t il, const common_layer_fraction_t lf) -> const char * {
+        constexpr size_t n_strings = 1000;
+        if (il >= n_strings) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("at most " + std::to_string(n_strings) + " model layers are supported");
+        }
+        switch (lf) {
+            case LAYER_FRACTION_ATTN: {
+                static std::array<std::string, n_strings> patterns;
+                if (patterns[il].empty()) {
+                    patterns[il] = "blk\\." + std::to_string(il) + "\\.ffn_(gate|up|gate_up|down).*";
+                }
+                return patterns[il].c_str();
+            }
+            case LAYER_FRACTION_UP: {
+                static std::array<std::string, n_strings> patterns;
+                if (patterns[il].empty()) {
+                    patterns[il] = "blk\\." + std::to_string(il) + "\\.ffn_(gate|gate_up|down).*";
+                }
+                return patterns[il].c_str();
+            }
+            case LAYER_FRACTION_GATE: {
+                static std::array<std::string, n_strings> patterns;
+                if (patterns[il].empty()) {
+                    patterns[il] = "blk\\." + std::to_string(il) + "\\.ffn_down.*";
+                }
+                return patterns[il].c_str();
+            }
+            case LAYER_FRACTION_MOE: {
+                static std::array<std::string, n_strings> patterns;
+                if (patterns[il].empty()) {
+                    patterns[il] = "blk\\." + std::to_string(il) + "\\.ffn_(up|down|gate_up|gate)_(ch|)exps";
+                }
+                return patterns[il].c_str();
+            }
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct ngl_t {
+        uint32_t n_layer = 0; // number of total layers
+        uint32_t n_part  = 0; // number of partial layers, <= n_layer
+
+        // for the first partial layer varying parts can overflow, all further layers use LAYER_FRACTION_MOE:
+        common_layer_fraction_t overflow_type = LAYER_FRACTION_MOE;
+
+        uint32_t n_full() const {
+            assert(n_layer >= n_part);
+            return n_layer - n_part;
+        }
+    };
+
+    const size_t ntbo = llama_max_tensor_buft_overrides();
+
+    // utility function to set n_gpu_layers and tensor_split
+    auto set_ngl_tensor_split_tbo = [&](
+            const std::vector<ngl_t> & ngl_per_device,
+            const std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> & overflow_bufts,
+            llama_model_params & mparams) {
+        mparams.n_gpu_layers = 0;
+        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+            mparams.n_gpu_layers += ngl_per_device[id].n_layer;
+            if (nd > 1) {
+                tensor_split[id] = ngl_per_device[id].n_layer;
+            }
+        }
+        assert(uint32_t(mparams.n_gpu_layers) <= hp_ngl + 1);
+        uint32_t il0 = hp_ngl + 1 - mparams.n_gpu_layers; // start index for tensor buft overrides
+
+        mparams.tensor_split = tensor_split;
+
+        size_t itbo = 0;
+        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+            il0 += ngl_per_device[id].n_full();
+            for (uint32_t il = il0; il < il0 + ngl_per_device[id].n_part; il++) {
+                if (itbo + 1 >= ntbo) {
+                    tensor_buft_overrides[itbo].pattern = nullptr;
+                    tensor_buft_overrides[itbo].buft    = nullptr;
+                    itbo++;
+                    mparams.tensor_buft_overrides = tensor_buft_overrides;
+                    throw common_params_fit_exception("llama_max_tensor_buft_overrides() == "
+                        + std::to_string(ntbo) + " is insufficient for model");
+                }
+                tensor_buft_overrides[itbo].pattern = get_overflow_pattern(il, il == il0 ? ngl_per_device[id].overflow_type : LAYER_FRACTION_MOE);
+                tensor_buft_overrides[itbo].buft = il == il0 ? overflow_bufts[id] : ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type();
+                itbo++;
+            }
+            il0 += ngl_per_device[id].n_part;
+        }
+        tensor_buft_overrides[itbo].pattern = nullptr;
+        tensor_buft_overrides[itbo].buft    = nullptr;
+        itbo++;
+        mparams.tensor_buft_overrides = tensor_buft_overrides;
+    };
+
+    // utility function that returns the memory use per device for given numbers of layers per device
+    auto get_memory_for_layers = [&](
+            const char * func_name,
+            const std::vector<ngl_t> & ngl_per_device,
+            const std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> & overflow_bufts) -> std::vector<int64_t> {
+        llama_model_params mparams_copy = *mparams;
+        set_ngl_tensor_split_tbo(ngl_per_device, overflow_bufts, mparams_copy);
+
+        const dmds_t dmd_nl = common_get_device_memory_data(
+            path_model, &mparams_copy, cparams, devs, hp_ngl, hp_nct, hp_nex, log_level);
+
+        LOG_INF("%s: memory for test allocation by device:\n", func_name);
+        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+            const ngl_t & n = ngl_per_device[id];
+            LOG_INF(
+                "%s: id=%zu, n_layer=%2" PRIu32 ", n_part=%2" PRIu32 ", overflow_type=%d, mem=%6" PRId64 " MiB\n",
+                func_name, id, n.n_layer, n.n_part, int(n.overflow_type), dmd_nl[id].mb.total()/MiB);
+        }
+
+        std::vector<int64_t> ret;
+        ret.reserve(nd);
+        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+            ret.push_back(dmd_nl[id].mb.total());
+        }
+        return ret;
+    };
+
+    int64_t global_surplus_cpu_moe = 0;
+    if (hp_nex > 0) {
+        const static std::string pattern_moe_all = "blk\\.\\d+\\.ffn_(up|down|gate_up|gate)_(ch|)exps"; // matches all MoE tensors
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t cpu_buft = ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type();
+        tensor_buft_overrides[0] = {pattern_moe_all.c_str(), cpu_buft};
+        tensor_buft_overrides[1] = {nullptr, nullptr};
+        mparams->tensor_buft_overrides = tensor_buft_overrides;
+
+        LOG_INF("%s: getting device memory data with all MoE tensors moved to system memory:\n", __func__);
+        const dmds_t dmds_cpu_moe = common_get_device_memory_data(
+            path_model, mparams, cparams, devs, hp_ngl, hp_nct, hp_nex, log_level);
+
+        for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+            global_surplus_cpu_moe += dmds_cpu_moe[id].free;
+            global_surplus_cpu_moe -= int64_t(dmds_cpu_moe[id].mb.total()) + margins[id];
+        }
+
+        if (global_surplus_cpu_moe > 0) {
+            LOG_INF("%s: with only dense weights in device memory there is a total surplus of %" PRId64 " MiB\n",
+                __func__, global_surplus_cpu_moe/MiB);
+        } else {
+            LOG_INF("%s: with only dense weights in device memory there is still a total deficit of %" PRId64 " MiB\n",
+                __func__, -global_surplus_cpu_moe/MiB);
+        }
+
+        // reset
+        tensor_buft_overrides[0] = {nullptr, nullptr};
+        mparams->tensor_buft_overrides = tensor_buft_overrides;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<int64_t> targets; // maximum acceptable memory use per device
+    targets.reserve(nd);
+    for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+        targets.push_back(dmds_full[id].free - margins[id]);
+        LOG_INF("%s: id=%zu, target=%" PRId64 " MiB\n", __func__, id, targets[id]/MiB);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> overflow_bufts; // which bufts the first partial layer of a device overflows to:
+    overflow_bufts.reserve(nd);
+    for (size_t id = 0; id < nd; id++) {
+        overflow_bufts.push_back(ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type());
+    }
+
+    std::vector<ngl_t> ngl_per_device(nd);
+    std::vector<int64_t> mem = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device, overflow_bufts);
+
+    // optimize the number of layers per device using the method of false position:
+    //   - ngl_per_device has 0 layers for each device, lower bound
+    //   - try a "high" configuration where a device is given all unassigned layers
+    //   - interpolate the memory use / layer between low and high linearly to get a guess where it meets our target
+    //   - check memory use of our guess, replace either the low or high bound
+    //   - once we only have a difference of a single layer, stop and return the lower bound that just barely still fits
+    //   - the last device has the output layer, which cannot be a partial layer
+    if (hp_nex == 0) {
+        LOG_INF("%s: filling dense layers back-to-front:\n", __func__);
+    } else {
+        LOG_INF("%s: filling dense-only layers back-to-front:\n", __func__);
+    }
+    for (int id = nd - 1; id >= 0; id--) {
+        uint32_t n_unassigned = hp_ngl + 1;
+        for (size_t jd = id + 1; jd < nd; ++jd) {
+            assert(n_unassigned >= ngl_per_device[jd].n_layer);
+            n_unassigned -= ngl_per_device[jd].n_layer;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<ngl_t> ngl_per_device_high = ngl_per_device;
+        ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer = n_unassigned;
+        if (hp_nex > 0) {
+            ngl_per_device_high[id].n_part = size_t(id) < nd - 1 ? ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer : ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer - 1;
+        }
+        if (ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer > 0) {
+            std::vector<int64_t> mem_high = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device_high, overflow_bufts);
+            if (mem_high[id] > targets[id]) {
+                assert(ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer > ngl_per_device[id].n_layer);
+                uint32_t delta = ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer - ngl_per_device[id].n_layer;
+                LOG_INF("%s: start filling device %" PRIu32 ", delta=%" PRIu32 "\n", __func__, id, delta);
+                while (delta > 1) {
+                    uint32_t step_size = int64_t(delta) * (targets[id] - mem[id]) / (mem_high[id] - mem[id]);
+                    step_size = std::max(step_size, uint32_t(1));
+                    step_size = std::min(step_size, delta - 1);
+
+                    std::vector<ngl_t> ngl_per_device_test = ngl_per_device;
+                    ngl_per_device_test[id].n_layer += step_size;
+                    if (hp_nex) {
+                        ngl_per_device_test[id].n_part += size_t(id) == nd - 1 && ngl_per_device_test[id].n_part == 0 ?
+                            step_size - 1 : step_size; // the first layer is the output layer which must always be full
+                    }
+                    const std::vector<int64_t> mem_test = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device_test, overflow_bufts);
+
+                    if (mem_test[id] <= targets[id]) {
+                        ngl_per_device = ngl_per_device_test;
+                        mem            = mem_test;
+                        LOG_INF("%s: set ngl_per_device[%d].n_layer=%" PRIu32 "\n", __func__, id, ngl_per_device[id].n_layer);
+                    } else {
+                        ngl_per_device_high = ngl_per_device_test;
+                        mem_high            = mem_test;
+                        LOG_INF("%s: set ngl_per_device_high[%d].n_layer=%" PRIu32 "\n", __func__, id, ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer);
+                    }
+                    delta = ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer - ngl_per_device[id].n_layer;
+                }
+            } else {
+                assert(ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer == n_unassigned);
+                ngl_per_device = ngl_per_device_high;
+                mem            = mem_high;
+                LOG_INF("%s: set ngl_per_device[%d].n_layer=%" PRIu32 "\n", __func__, id, ngl_per_device[id].n_layer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        const int64_t projected_margin = dmds_full[id].free - mem[id];
+        LOG_INF(
+            "%s:   - %s: %2" PRIu32 " layers, %6" PRId64 " MiB used, %6" PRId64 " MiB free\n",
+            __func__, dev_names[id].c_str(), ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, mem[id]/MiB, projected_margin/MiB);
+    }
+    if (hp_nex == 0 || global_surplus_cpu_moe <= 0) {
+        set_ngl_tensor_split_tbo(ngl_per_device, overflow_bufts, *mparams);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // step 4: for a MoE model where all dense tensors fit,
+    //     convert the dense-only layers in the back to full layers in the front until all devices are full
+    // essentially the same procedure as for the dense-only layers except front-to-back
+    // also, try fitting at least part of one more layer to reduce waste for "small" GPUs with e.g. 24 GiB VRAM
+
+    size_t id_dense_start = nd;
+    for (int id = nd - 1; id >= 0; id--) {
+        if (ngl_per_device[id].n_layer > 0) {
+            id_dense_start = id;
+            continue;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    assert(id_dense_start < nd);
+
+    LOG_INF("%s: converting dense-only layers to full layers and filling them front-to-back with overflow to next device/system memory:\n", __func__);
+    for (size_t id = 0; id <= id_dense_start && id_dense_start < nd; id++) {
+        std::vector<ngl_t> ngl_per_device_high = ngl_per_device;
+        for (size_t jd = id_dense_start; jd < nd; jd++) {
+            const uint32_t n_layer_move = jd < nd - 1 ? ngl_per_device_high[jd].n_layer : ngl_per_device_high[jd].n_layer - 1;
+            ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer += n_layer_move;
+            ngl_per_device_high[jd].n_layer -= n_layer_move;
+            ngl_per_device_high[jd].n_part = 0;
+        }
+        size_t id_dense_start_high = nd - 1;
+        std::vector<int64_t> mem_high = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device_high, overflow_bufts);
+
+        if (mem_high[id] > targets[id]) {
+            assert(ngl_per_device_high[id].n_full() >= ngl_per_device[id].n_full());
+            uint32_t delta = ngl_per_device_high[id].n_full() - ngl_per_device[id].n_full();
+            while (delta > 1) {
+                uint32_t step_size = int64_t(delta) * (targets[id] - mem[id]) / (mem_high[id] - mem[id]);
+                step_size = std::max(step_size, uint32_t(1));
+                step_size = std::min(step_size, delta - 1);
+
+                std::vector<ngl_t> ngl_per_device_test = ngl_per_device;
+                size_t id_dense_start_test = id_dense_start;
+                uint32_t n_converted_test = 0;
+                for (;id_dense_start_test < nd; id_dense_start_test++) {
+                    const uint32_t n_convert_jd = std::min(step_size - n_converted_test, ngl_per_device_test[id_dense_start_test].n_part);
+                    ngl_per_device_test[id_dense_start_test].n_layer -= n_convert_jd;
+                    ngl_per_device_test[id_dense_start_test].n_part -= n_convert_jd;
+                    ngl_per_device_test[id].n_layer += n_convert_jd;
+                    n_converted_test += n_convert_jd;
+
+                    if (ngl_per_device_test[id_dense_start_test].n_part > 0) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                const std::vector<int64_t> mem_test = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device_test, overflow_bufts);
+
+                if (mem_test[id] <= targets[id]) {
+                    ngl_per_device = ngl_per_device_test;
+                    mem            = mem_test;
+                    id_dense_start = id_dense_start_test;
+                    LOG_INF("%s: set ngl_per_device[%zu].(n_layer, n_part)=(%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32 "), id_dense_start=%zu\n",
+                        __func__, id, ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device[id].n_part, id_dense_start);
+                } else {
+                    ngl_per_device_high = ngl_per_device_test;
+                    mem_high            = mem_test;
+                    id_dense_start_high = id_dense_start_test;
+                    LOG_INF("%s: set ngl_per_device_high[%zu].(n_layer, n_part)=(%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32 "), id_dense_start_high=%zu\n",
+                        __func__, id, ngl_per_device_high[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device_high[id].n_part, id_dense_start_high);
+                }
+                assert(ngl_per_device_high[id].n_full() >= ngl_per_device[id].n_full());
+                delta = ngl_per_device_high[id].n_full() - ngl_per_device[id].n_full();
+            }
+        } else {
+            ngl_per_device = ngl_per_device_high;
+            mem            = mem_high;
+            id_dense_start = id_dense_start_high;
+            LOG_INF("%s: set ngl_per_device[%zu].(n_layer, n_part)=(%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32 "), id_dense_start=%zu\n",
+                __func__, id, ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device[id].n_part, id_dense_start);
+        }
+
+        // try to fit at least part of one more layer
+        if (ngl_per_device[id_dense_start].n_layer > (id < nd - 1 ? 0 : 1)) {
+            std::vector<ngl_t> ngl_per_device_test = ngl_per_device;
+            size_t id_dense_start_test = id_dense_start;
+            ngl_per_device_test[id_dense_start_test].n_layer--;
+            ngl_per_device_test[id_dense_start_test].n_part--;
+            ngl_per_device_test[id].n_layer++;
+            ngl_per_device_test[id].n_part++;
+            if (ngl_per_device_test[id_dense_start_test].n_part == 0) {
+                id_dense_start_test++;
+            }
+            ngl_per_device_test[id].overflow_type = LAYER_FRACTION_UP;
+            std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> overflow_bufts_test = overflow_bufts;
+            if (id < nd - 1) {
+                overflow_bufts_test[id] = ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(devs[id + 1]);
+            }
+            LOG_INF("%s: trying to fit one extra layer with overflow_type=LAYER_FRACTION_UP\n", __func__);
+            std::vector<int64_t> mem_test = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device_test, overflow_bufts_test);
+            if (mem_test[id] < targets[id] && (id + 1 == nd || mem_test[id + 1] < targets[id + 1])) {
+                ngl_per_device = ngl_per_device_test;
+                overflow_bufts = overflow_bufts_test;
+                mem            = mem_test;
+                id_dense_start = id_dense_start_test;
+                LOG_INF("%s: set ngl_per_device[%zu].(n_layer, n_part, overflow_type)=(%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32 ", UP), id_dense_start=%zu\n",
+                    __func__, id, ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device[id].n_part, id_dense_start);
+
+                ngl_per_device_test[id].overflow_type = LAYER_FRACTION_GATE;
+                LOG_INF("%s: trying to fit one extra layer with overflow_type=LAYER_FRACTION_GATE\n", __func__);
+                mem_test = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device_test, overflow_bufts_test);
+                if (mem_test[id] < targets[id] && (id + 1 == nd || mem_test[id + 1] < targets[id + 1])) {
+                    ngl_per_device = ngl_per_device_test;
+                    overflow_bufts = overflow_bufts_test;
+                    mem            = mem_test;
+                    id_dense_start = id_dense_start_test;
+                    LOG_INF("%s: set ngl_per_device[%zu].(n_layer, n_part, overflow_type)=(%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32 ", GATE), id_dense_start=%zu\n",
+                        __func__, id, ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device[id].n_part, id_dense_start);
+                }
+            } else {
+                ngl_per_device_test[id].overflow_type = LAYER_FRACTION_ATTN;
+                LOG_INF("%s: trying to fit one extra layer with overflow_type=LAYER_FRACTION_ATTN\n", __func__);
+                mem_test = get_memory_for_layers(__func__, ngl_per_device_test, overflow_bufts_test);
+                if (mem_test[id] < targets[id] && (id + 1 == nd || mem_test[id + 1] < targets[id + 1])) {
+                    ngl_per_device = ngl_per_device_test;
+                    overflow_bufts = overflow_bufts_test;
+                    mem            = mem_test;
+                    id_dense_start = id_dense_start_test;
+                    LOG_INF("%s: set ngl_per_device[%zu].(n_layer, n_part, overflow_type)=(%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32 ", ATTN), id_dense_start=%zu\n",
+                        __func__, id, ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device[id].n_part, id_dense_start);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        const int64_t projected_margin = dmds_full[id].free - mem[id];
+        LOG_INF(
+            "%s:   - %s: %2" PRIu32 " layers (%2" PRIu32 " overflowing), %6" PRId64 " MiB used, %6" PRId64 " MiB free\n",
+            __func__, dev_names[id].c_str(), ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device[id].n_part, mem[id]/MiB, projected_margin/MiB);
+    }
+
+    // print info for devices that were not changed during the conversion from dense only to full layers:
+    for (size_t id = id_dense_start + 1; id < nd; id++) {
+        const int64_t projected_margin = dmds_full[id].free - mem[id];
+        LOG_INF(
+            "%s:   - %s: %2" PRIu32 " layers (%2" PRIu32 " overflowing), %6" PRId64 " MiB used, %6" PRId64 " MiB free\n",
+            __func__, dev_names[id].c_str(), ngl_per_device[id].n_layer, ngl_per_device[id].n_part, mem[id]/MiB, projected_margin/MiB);
+    }
+
+    set_ngl_tensor_split_tbo(ngl_per_device, overflow_bufts, *mparams);
+}
+
+enum common_params_fit_status common_fit_params(
+        const char * path_model,
+        llama_model_params * mparams,
+        llama_context_params * cparams,
+        float * tensor_split,
+        llama_model_tensor_buft_override * tensor_buft_overrides,
+        size_t * margins,
+        uint32_t n_ctx_min,
+        ggml_log_level log_level) {
+    const int64_t t0_us = llama_time_us();
+    common_params_fit_status status = COMMON_PARAMS_FIT_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+    try {
+        common_params_fit_impl(path_model, mparams, cparams, tensor_split, tensor_buft_overrides, margins, n_ctx_min, log_level);
+        LOG_INF("%s: successfully fit params to free device memory\n", __func__);
+    } catch (const common_params_fit_exception & e) {
+        LOG_WRN("%s: failed to fit params to free device memory: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
+        status = COMMON_PARAMS_FIT_STATUS_FAILURE;
+    } catch (const std::runtime_error & e) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: encountered an error while trying to fit params to free device memory: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
+        status = COMMON_PARAMS_FIT_STATUS_ERROR;
+    }
+    const int64_t t1_us = llama_time_us();
+    LOG_INF("%s: fitting params to free memory took %.2f seconds\n", __func__, (t1_us - t0_us) * 1e-6);
+    return status;
+}
+
+void common_memory_breakdown_print(const struct llama_context * ctx) {
+    //const auto & devices = ctx->get_model().devices;
+    const auto * model = llama_get_model(ctx);
+
+    std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devices;
+    for (int i = 0; i < llama_model_n_devices(model); i++) {
+        devices.push_back(llama_model_get_device(model, i));
+    }
+
+    llama_memory_breakdown memory_breakdown = llama_get_memory_breakdown(ctx);
+
+    std::vector<std::array<std::string, 9>> table_data;
+    table_data.reserve(devices.size());
+    const std::string template_header = "%s: | %s | %s   %s    %s   %s   %s   %s    %s |\n";
+    const std::string template_gpu    = "%s: | %s | %s = %s + (%s = %s + %s + %s) + %s |\n";
+    const std::string template_other  = "%s: | %s | %s   %s    %s = %s + %s + %s    %s |\n";
+
+    table_data.push_back({template_header, "memory breakdown [MiB]", "total", "free", "self", "model", "context", "compute", "unaccounted"});
+
+    constexpr size_t MiB = 1024 * 1024;
+    const std::vector<std::string> desc_prefixes_strip = {"NVIDIA ", "GeForce ", "Tesla ", "AMD ", "Radeon ", "Instinct "};
+
+    // track seen buffer types to avoid double counting:
+    std::set<ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> seen_buffer_types;
+
+    // accumulative memory breakdown for each device and for host:
+    std::vector<llama_memory_breakdown_data> mb_dev(devices.size());
+    llama_memory_breakdown_data              mb_host;
+
+    for (const auto & buft_mb : memory_breakdown) {
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t          buft = buft_mb.first;
+        const llama_memory_breakdown_data & mb   = buft_mb.second;
+        if (ggml_backend_buft_is_host(buft)) {
+            mb_host.model   += mb.model;
+            mb_host.context += mb.context;
+            mb_host.compute += mb.compute;
+            seen_buffer_types.insert(buft);
+            continue;
+        }
+        ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_buft_get_device(buft);
+        if (dev) {
+            int i_dev = -1;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < devices.size(); i++) {
+                if (devices[i] == dev) {
+                    i_dev = i;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (i_dev != -1) {
+                mb_dev[i_dev].model   += mb.model;
+                mb_dev[i_dev].context += mb.context;
+                mb_dev[i_dev].compute += mb.compute;
+                seen_buffer_types.insert(buft);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // print memory breakdown for each device:
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < devices.size(); i++) {
+        ggml_backend_dev_t dev = devices[i];
+        llama_memory_breakdown_data mb = mb_dev[i];
+
+        const std::string name = ggml_backend_dev_name(dev);
+        std::string desc = ggml_backend_dev_description(dev);
+        for (const std::string & prefix : desc_prefixes_strip) {
+            if (desc.length() >= prefix.length() && desc.substr(0, prefix.length()) == prefix) {
+                desc = desc.substr(prefix.length());
+            }
+        }
+
+        size_t free, total;
+        ggml_backend_dev_memory(dev, &free, &total);
+
+        const size_t self = mb.model + mb.context + mb.compute;
+        const size_t unaccounted = total - self - free;
+
+        table_data.push_back({
+            template_gpu,
+            "  - " + name + " (" + desc + ")",
+            std::to_string(total / MiB),
+            std::to_string(free / MiB),
+            std::to_string(self / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.model / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.context / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.compute / MiB),
+            std::to_string(unaccounted / MiB)});
+    }
+
+    // print memory breakdown for host:
+    {
+        const size_t self = mb_host.model + mb_host.context + mb_host.compute;
+        table_data.push_back({
+            template_other,
+            "  - Host",
+            "", // total
+            "", // free
+            std::to_string(self / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb_host.model / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb_host.context / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb_host.compute / MiB),
+            ""}); // unaccounted
+    }
+
+    // print memory breakdown for all remaining buffer types:
+    for (const auto & buft_mb : memory_breakdown) {
+        ggml_backend_buffer_type_t          buft = buft_mb.first;
+        const llama_memory_breakdown_data & mb   = buft_mb.second;
+        if (seen_buffer_types.count(buft) == 1) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const std::string name = ggml_backend_buft_name(buft);
+        const size_t self = mb.model + mb.context + mb.compute;
+        table_data.push_back({
+            template_other,
+            "  - " + name,
+            "", // total
+            "", // free
+            std::to_string(self / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.model / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.context / MiB),
+            std::to_string(mb.compute / MiB),
+            ""}); // unaccounted
+        seen_buffer_types.insert(buft);
+    }
+
+    for (size_t j = 1; j < table_data[0].size(); j++) {
+        size_t max_len = 0;
+        for (const auto & td : table_data) {
+            max_len = std::max(max_len, td[j].length());
+        }
+        for (auto & td : table_data) {
+            td[j].insert(j == 1 ? td[j].length() : 0, max_len - td[j].length(), ' ');
+        }
+    }
+    for (const auto & td : table_data) {
+        LOG_INF(td[0].c_str(),
+            __func__, td[1].c_str(), td[2].c_str(), td[3].c_str(), td[4].c_str(), td[5].c_str(),
+            td[6].c_str(), td[7].c_str(), td[8].c_str());
+    }
+}
+
+void common_fit_print(
+        const char * path_model,
+        llama_model_params * mparams,
+        llama_context_params * cparams) {
+    std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devs;
+    uint32_t hp_ngl = 0; // hparams.n_gpu_layers
+    uint32_t hp_nct = 0; // hparams.n_ctx_train
+    uint32_t hp_nex = 0; // hparams.n_expert
+
+    auto dmd = common_get_device_memory_data(path_model, mparams, cparams, devs, hp_ngl, hp_nct, hp_nex, GGML_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dmd.size() == devs.size() + 1);
+
+    for (size_t id = 0; id < devs.size(); id++) {
+        printf("%s ",  ggml_backend_dev_name(devs[id]));
+        printf("%zu ", dmd[id].mb.model/1024/1024);
+        printf("%zu ", dmd[id].mb.context/1024/1024);
+        printf("%zu ", dmd[id].mb.compute/1024/1024);
+        printf("\n");
+    }
+
+    printf("Host ");
+    printf("%zu ", dmd.back().mb.model/1024/1024);
+    printf("%zu ", dmd.back().mb.context/1024/1024);
+    printf("%zu ", dmd.back().mb.compute/1024/1024);
+    printf("\n");
+}

common/fit.h

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+enum common_params_fit_status {
+    COMMON_PARAMS_FIT_STATUS_SUCCESS = 0, // found allocations that are projected to fit
+    COMMON_PARAMS_FIT_STATUS_FAILURE = 1, // could not find allocations that are projected to fit
+    COMMON_PARAMS_FIT_STATUS_ERROR   = 2, // a hard error occurred, e.g. because no model could be found at the specified path
+};
+
+// fits mparams and cparams to free device memory (assumes system memory is unlimited)
+//   - returns true if the parameters could be successfully modified to fit device memory
+//   - this function is NOT thread safe because it modifies the global llama logger state
+//   - only parameters that have the same value as in llama_default_model_params are modified
+//     with the exception of the context size which is modified if and only if equal to 0
+enum common_params_fit_status common_fit_params(
+                               const char   * path_model,
+                struct llama_model_params   * mparams,
+                struct llama_context_params * cparams,
+                                      float * tensor_split,          // writable buffer for tensor split, needs at least llama_max_devices elements
+    struct llama_model_tensor_buft_override * tensor_buft_overrides, // writable buffer for overrides, needs at least llama_max_tensor_buft_overrides elements
+                                     size_t * margins,               // margins of memory to leave per device in bytes
+                                   uint32_t   n_ctx_min,             // minimum context size to set when trying to reduce memory use
+                        enum ggml_log_level   log_level);            // minimum log level to print during fitting, lower levels go to debug log
+
+// print estimated memory to stdout
+void common_fit_print(
+                               const char   * path_model,
+                struct llama_model_params   * mparams,
+                struct llama_context_params * cparams);
+
+void common_memory_breakdown_print(const struct llama_context * ctx);

common/jinja/caps.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#include "log.h"
 #include "value.h"
 #include "runtime.h"
 #include "caps.h"

common/jinja/runtime.h

@@ -106,10 +106,16 @@ struct statement {
     size_t pos; // position in source, for debugging
     virtual ~statement() = default;
     virtual std::string type() const { return "Statement"; }
+
     // execute_impl must be overridden by derived classes
-    virtual value execute_impl(context &) { throw std::runtime_error("cannot exec " + type()); }
+    virtual value execute_impl(context &) { throw_exec_error(); }
     // execute is the public method to execute a statement with error handling
     value execute(context &);
+
+private:
+    [[noreturn]] void throw_exec_error() const {
+        throw std::runtime_error("cannot exec " + type());
+    }
 };
 
 // Type Checking Utilities
@@ -143,7 +149,7 @@ struct program : public statement {
     program() = default;
     explicit program(statements && body) : body(std::move(body)) {}
     std::string type() const override { return "Program"; }
-    value execute_impl(context &) override {
+    [[noreturn]] value execute_impl(context &) override {
         throw std::runtime_error("Cannot execute program directly, use jinja::runtime instead");
     }
 };
@@ -195,7 +201,7 @@ struct break_statement : public statement {
         }
     };
 
-    value execute_impl(context &) override {
+    [[noreturn]] value execute_impl(context &) override {
         throw break_statement::signal();
     }
 };
@@ -209,7 +215,7 @@ struct continue_statement : public statement {
         }
     };
 
-    value execute_impl(context &) override {
+    [[noreturn]] value execute_impl(context &) override {
         throw continue_statement::signal();
     }
 };
@@ -509,7 +515,7 @@ struct slice_expression : public expression {
         chk_type<expression>(this->step_expr);
     }
     std::string type() const override { return "SliceExpression"; }
-    value execute_impl(context &) override {
+    [[noreturn]] value execute_impl(context &) override {
         throw std::runtime_error("must be handled by MemberExpression");
     }
 };

common/jinja/value.cpp

@@ -590,6 +590,10 @@ static bool string_endswith(const std::string & str, const std::string & suffix)
     return str.compare(str.length() - suffix.length(), suffix.length(), suffix) == 0;
 }
 
+[[noreturn]] static value string_join_not_implemented(const func_args &) {
+    throw not_implemented_exception("String join builtin not implemented");
+}
+
 const func_builtins & value_string_t::get_builtins() const {
     static const func_builtins builtins = {
         {"default", default_value},
@@ -851,9 +855,7 @@ const func_builtins & value_string_t::get_builtins() const {
             res->val_str.mark_input_based_on(val_input->as_string());
             return res;
         }},
-        {"join", [](const func_args &) -> value {
-            throw not_implemented_exception("String join builtin not implemented");
-        }},
+        {"join", string_join_not_implemented},
     };
     return builtins;
 }
@@ -884,6 +886,9 @@ const func_builtins & value_bool_t::get_builtins() const {
     return builtins;
 }
 
+[[noreturn]] static value array_unique_not_implemented(const func_args &) {
+    throw not_implemented_exception("Array unique builtin not implemented");
+}
 
 const func_builtins & value_array_t::get_builtins() const {
     static const func_builtins builtins = {
@@ -1084,13 +1089,14 @@ const func_builtins & value_array_t::get_builtins() const {
             std::reverse(arr.begin(), arr.end());
             return is_val<value_tuple>(val) ? mk_val<value_tuple>(std::move(arr)) : mk_val<value_array>(std::move(arr));
         }},
-        {"unique", [](const func_args &) -> value {
-            throw not_implemented_exception("Array unique builtin not implemented");
-        }},
+        {"unique", array_unique_not_implemented},
     };
     return builtins;
 }
 
+[[noreturn]] static value object_join_not_implemented(const func_args &) {
+    throw not_implemented_exception("object join not implemented");
+}
 
 const func_builtins & value_object_t::get_builtins() const {
     if (!has_builtins) {
@@ -1183,9 +1189,7 @@ const func_builtins & value_object_t::get_builtins() const {
             });
             return result;
         }},
-        {"join", [](const func_args &) -> value {
-            throw not_implemented_exception("object join not implemented");
-        }},
+        {"join", object_join_not_implemented},
     };
     return builtins;
 }

common/jinja/value.h

@@ -129,27 +129,25 @@ struct value_t {
     // Note: only for debugging and error reporting purposes
     virtual std::string type() const { return ""; }
 
-    virtual int64_t as_int() const { throw std::runtime_error(type() + " is not an int value"); }
-    virtual double as_float() const { throw std::runtime_error(type() + " is not a float value"); }
-    virtual string as_string() const { throw std::runtime_error(type() + " is not a string value"); }
-    virtual bool as_bool() const { throw std::runtime_error(type() + " is not a bool value"); }
-    virtual const std::vector<value> & as_array() const { throw std::runtime_error(type() + " is not an array value"); }
-    virtual const std::vector<std::pair<value, value>> & as_ordered_object() const { throw std::runtime_error(type() + " is not an object value"); }
-    virtual value invoke(const func_args &) const { throw std::runtime_error(type() + " is not a function value"); }
+    virtual int64_t as_int() const { throw_type_error("is not an int value"); }
+    virtual double as_float() const { throw_type_error("is not a float value"); }
+    virtual string as_string() const { throw_type_error("is not a string value"); }
+    virtual bool as_bool() const { throw_type_error("is not a bool value"); }
+    virtual const std::vector<value> & as_array() const { throw_type_error("is not an array value"); }
+    virtual const std::vector<std::pair<value, value>> & as_ordered_object() const { throw_type_error("is not an object value"); }
+    virtual value invoke(const func_args &) const { throw_type_error("is not a function value"); }
     virtual bool is_none() const { return false; }
     virtual bool is_undefined() const { return false; }
-    virtual const func_builtins & get_builtins() const {
-        throw std::runtime_error("No builtins available for type " + type());
-    }
+    virtual const func_builtins & get_builtins() const { throw_type_error("has no builtins"); }
 
-    virtual bool has_key(const value &) { throw std::runtime_error(type() + " is not an object value"); }
-    virtual void insert(const value & /* key */, const value & /* val */) { throw std::runtime_error(type() + " is not an object value"); }
-    virtual value & at(const value & /* key */, value & /* default_val */) { throw std::runtime_error(type() + " is not an object value"); }
-    virtual value & at(const value & /* key */) { throw std::runtime_error(type() + " is not an object value"); }
-    virtual value & at(const std::string & /* key */, value & /* default_val */) { throw std::runtime_error(type() + " is not an object value"); }
-    virtual value & at(const std::string & /* key */) { throw std::runtime_error(type() + " is not an object value"); }
-    virtual value & at(int64_t /* idx */, value & /* default_val */) { throw std::runtime_error(type() + " is not an array value"); }
-    virtual value & at(int64_t /* idx */) { throw std::runtime_error(type() + " is not an array value"); }
+    virtual bool has_key(const value &) { throw_type_error("is not an object value"); }
+    virtual void insert(const value & /* key */, const value & /* val */) { throw_type_error("is not an object value"); }
+    virtual value & at(const value & /* key */, value & /* default_val */) { throw_type_error("is not an object value"); }
+    virtual value & at(const value & /* key */) { throw_type_error("is not an object value"); }
+    virtual value & at(const std::string & /* key */, value & /* default_val */) { throw_type_error("is not an object value"); }
+    virtual value & at(const std::string & /* key */) { throw_type_error("is not an object value"); }
+    virtual value & at(int64_t /* idx */, value & /* default_val */) { throw_type_error("is not an array value"); }
+    virtual value & at(int64_t /* idx */) { throw_type_error("is not an array value"); }
 
     virtual bool is_numeric() const { return false; }
     virtual bool is_hashable() const { return false; }
@@ -163,6 +161,11 @@ struct value_t {
     // Note: only for debugging purposes
     virtual std::string as_repr() const { return as_string().str(); }
 
+private:
+    [[noreturn]] void throw_type_error(const char* expected) const {
+        throw std::runtime_error(type() + " " + expected);
+    }
+
 protected:
     virtual bool equivalent(const value_t &) const = 0;
     virtual bool nonequal(const value_t & other) const { return !equivalent(other); }

common/sampling.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "sampling.h"
 
 #include "common.h"
-#include "ggml.h"
+#include "fit.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "reasoning-budget.h"
 
+#include "ggml.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cctype>
 #include <climits>
@@ -511,7 +513,7 @@ void common_perf_print(const struct llama_context * ctx, const struct common_sam
         LOG_INF("%s: unaccounted time = %10.2f ms / %5.1f %%      (total - sampling - prompt eval - eval) / (total)\n", __func__, t_unacc_ms, t_unacc_pc);
         LOG_INF("%s:    graphs reused = %10d\n", __func__, data.n_reused);
 
-        llama_memory_breakdown_print(ctx);
+        common_memory_breakdown_print(ctx);
     }
 }
 

common/speculative.cpp

@@ -749,6 +749,7 @@ struct common_speculative_state_ngram_mod : public common_speculative_state {
 
                     mod.reset();
                     n_low = 0;
+                    i_last = 0;
                 }
             } else {
                 n_low = 0;

convert_hf_to_gguf.py

@@ -746,7 +746,12 @@ class ModelBase:
 
         if (not quant_algo or not quant_layers) and quant_config_file.is_file():
             with open(quant_config_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-                quant_config = json.load(f).get("quantization") or {}
+                hf_quant_config = json.load(f)
+                quant_config = hf_quant_config.get("quantization") or {}
+                producer = hf_quant_config.get("producer") or {}
+                producer_name = (producer.get("name") or "").lower()
+                if quant_method is None:
+                    self.hparams.setdefault("quantization_config", {})["quant_method"] = producer_name
                 quant_algo = quant_config.get("quant_algo", quant_algo)
                 quant_layers = quant_config.get("quantized_layers", quant_layers) or {}
 
@@ -11855,7 +11860,7 @@ class LLaDAMoEModel(TextModel):
                 raise ValueError(f"Unprocessed experts: {experts}")
 
 
-@ModelBase.register("HunYuanDenseV1ForCausalLM", "HunYuanVLForConditionalGeneration")
+@ModelBase.register("HunYuanDenseV1ForCausalLM")
 class HunYuanModel(TextModel):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.HUNYUAN_DENSE
 
@@ -11994,28 +11999,58 @@ class HunYuanModel(TextModel):
 
 
 @ModelBase.register("HunYuanVLForConditionalGeneration")
-class HunyuanOCRVisionModel(MmprojModel):
+class HunyuanVLVisionModel(MmprojModel):
+    # Handles both HunyuanOCR and HunyuanVL, which share the HF architecture name
+    # "HunYuanVLForConditionalGeneration" and the `vit.perceive.*` vision layout.
+    # Each variant maps to a different projector type in clip.cpp so image
+    # preprocessing follows the correct code path.
+
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         assert self.hparams_vision is not None
-        # HunyuanOCR uses max_image_size instead of image_size
+        # HunyuanOCR / HunyuanVL uses max_image_size instead of image_size
         if "image_size" not in self.hparams_vision:
             self.hparams_vision["image_size"] = self.hparams_vision.get("max_image_size", 2048)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_ocr_variant(hparams: dict) -> bool:
+        """Return True for HunyuanOCR, False for HunyuanVL.
+
+        The projector's output dim must equal the text model's hidden_size by
+        construction (that's what "projector" means). HunyuanOCR pairs a 1B text
+        backbone (hidden=1024); HunyuanVL pairs a 4B one (hidden=3072). So the
+        ViT -> LLM projection dim is a hard architectural signature, not a
+        magic number.
+        """
+        vision_out = int((hparams.get("vision_config") or {}).get("out_hidden_size", 0))
+        return vision_out == 1024
+
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
         super().set_gguf_parameters()
         assert self.hparams_vision is not None
-        hparams = self.hparams_vision
-        self.gguf_writer.add_clip_projector_type(gguf.VisionProjectorType.HUNYUANOCR)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_use_gelu(True)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_attention_layernorm_eps(hparams.get("rms_norm_eps", 1e-5))
-        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_spatial_merge_size(hparams.get("spatial_merge_size", 2))
-        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_min_pixels(self.preprocessor_config["min_pixels"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_max_pixels(self.preprocessor_config["max_pixels"])
+        vcfg = self.hparams_vision
+
+        if self.is_ocr_variant(self.global_config):
+            # --- HunyuanOCR ---
+            self.gguf_writer.add_clip_projector_type(gguf.VisionProjectorType.HUNYUANOCR)
+            self.gguf_writer.add_vision_use_gelu(True)
+            self.gguf_writer.add_vision_attention_layernorm_eps(vcfg.get("rms_norm_eps", 1e-5))
+            self.gguf_writer.add_vision_spatial_merge_size(vcfg.get("spatial_merge_size", 2))
+            self.gguf_writer.add_vision_min_pixels(self.preprocessor_config["min_pixels"])
+            self.gguf_writer.add_vision_max_pixels(self.preprocessor_config["max_pixels"])
+            return
+
+        # --- HunyuanVL ---
+        self.gguf_writer.add_clip_projector_type(gguf.VisionProjectorType.HUNYUANVL)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_use_gelu(str(vcfg["hidden_act"]).lower() == "gelu")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_attention_layernorm_eps(float(vcfg["rms_norm_eps"]))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_spatial_merge_size(int(vcfg["spatial_merge_size"]))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_min_pixels(int(self.preprocessor_config["min_pixels"]))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_max_pixels(int(self.preprocessor_config["max_pixels"]))
 
     def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
         if not name.startswith("vit."):
-            return  # skip text tensors
+            return
         # strip CLS token (row 0) from position embeddings so resize_position_embeddings works
         if "position_embedding" in name:
             data_torch = data_torch[1:]  # [n_patches+1, n_embd] -> [n_patches, n_embd]
@@ -12023,11 +12058,66 @@ class HunyuanOCRVisionModel(MmprojModel):
 
     def tensor_force_quant(self, name, new_name, bid, n_dims):
         # force conv weights to F32 or F16 to avoid BF16 IM2COL issues on Metal
+        # Both HunyuanOCR and HunyuanVL emit the ViT -> LLM projection as mm.0/mm.2.
         if ("mm.0." in new_name or "mm.2." in new_name) and new_name.endswith(".weight"):
             return gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F16 if self.ftype == gguf.LlamaFileType.MOSTLY_F16 else gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F32
         return super().tensor_force_quant(name, new_name, bid, n_dims)
 
 
+@ModelBase.register("HunYuanVLForConditionalGeneration")
+class HunyuanVLTextModel(HunYuanModel):
+    # The "HunYuanVLForConditionalGeneration" HF architecture covers both HunyuanOCR
+    # and HunyuanVL. HunyuanOCR reuses the HunYuan-Dense text backbone (standard RoPE),
+    # while HunyuanVL introduces a new LLM arch with XD-RoPE. Detect the variant from
+    # the config and pick the matching GGUF architecture.
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.HUNYUAN_VL
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_ocr_config(hparams: dict) -> bool:
+        # OCR pairs a 1B text backbone (hidden=1024) with a ViT projector that
+        # outputs 1024-d; HunyuanVL uses 3072-d. Keep in sync with
+        # HunyuanVLVisionModel.is_ocr_variant.
+        return int((hparams.get("vision_config") or {}).get("out_hidden_size", 0)) == 1024
+
+    def __init__(self, dir_model: Path, *args, **kwargs):
+        raw_hparams = kwargs.get("hparams") or ModelBase.load_hparams(dir_model, is_mistral_format=False)
+        if self._is_ocr_config(raw_hparams):
+            self.model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.HUNYUAN_DENSE
+        else:
+            self.model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.HUNYUAN_VL
+        super().__init__(dir_model, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+
+        # Only emit XD-RoPE metadata for the HunyuanVL backbone; HunyuanOCR uses
+        # the HunYuan-Dense arch which already handles standard rope in super().
+        if self.model_arch != gguf.MODEL_ARCH.HUNYUAN_VL:
+            return
+
+        if self.rope_parameters.get("rope_type") != "xdrope":
+            return
+
+        # defaults for HunyuanVL. The C++ side later computes:
+        #   freq_base = rope_theta * alpha ** (head_dim / (head_dim - 2))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(float(self.rope_parameters["rope_theta"]))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_alpha(float(self.rope_parameters["alpha"]))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_type(gguf.RopeScalingType.NONE)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_factor(float(self.rope_parameters.get("factor", 1)))
+
+        ctx_len = int(self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_orig_ctx_len(ctx_len)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(ctx_len)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_sections(list(self.rope_parameters["xdrope_section"]))
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        # Skip vision tensors — they are written by HunyuanVLVisionModel
+        if name.startswith("vit."):
+            return
+        yield from super().modify_tensors(data_torch, name, bid)
+
+
 @ModelBase.register("SmolLM3ForCausalLM")
 class SmolLM3Model(LlamaModel):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.SMOLLM3

docs/backend/OPENVINO.md

@@ -244,7 +244,6 @@ build\ReleaseOV\bin\llama-cli.exe -m "C:\models\Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf"
 - `-fa 1` is required when running llama-bench with the OpenVINO backend.
   - `GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION=1 GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE=GPU ./llama-bench -fa 1`
 - `llama-server` with OpenVINO backend supports only one chat session/thread, when `GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION=1` is enabled.
-- For Intel GPU, NPU detection in containers, GPU, NPU user-space drivers/libraries must be present inside the image. We will include in a future PR. Until then, you can use this reference Dockerfile: [openvino.Dockerfile](https://github.com/ravi9/llama.cpp/blob/ov-docker-update/.devops/openvino.Dockerfile)
 
 > [!NOTE]
 > The OpenVINO backend is actively under development. Fixes are underway, and this document will continue to be updated as issues are resolved.
@@ -274,8 +273,6 @@ docker build --build-arg http_proxy=$http_proxy --build-arg https_proxy=$https_p
 Run llama.cpp with OpenVINO backend Docker container.
 Save sample models in `~/models` as [shown above](#3-download-sample-model). It will be mounted to the container in the examples below.
 
-> [!NOTE]
-> Intel GPU, NPU detection in containers will be included in a future PR. Until then, you can use this reference Dockerfile: [openvino.Dockerfile](https://github.com/ravi9/llama.cpp/blob/ov-docker-update/.devops/openvino.Dockerfile).
 
 ```bash
 #  Run Docker container

docs/backend/SYCL.md

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ SYCL cross-platform capabilities enable support for other vendor GPUs as well.
 
 ## Recommended Release
 
+### Windows
+
 The following releases are verified and recommended:
 
 |Commit ID|Tag|Release|Verified  Platform| Update date|
@@ -39,9 +41,22 @@ The following releases are verified and recommended:
 |3bcd40b3c593d14261fb2abfabad3c0fb5b9e318|b4040 |[llama-b4040-bin-win-sycl-x64.zip](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/b4040/llama-b4040-bin-win-sycl-x64.zip) |Arc A770/Linux/oneAPI 2024.1<br>MTL Arc GPU/Windows 11/oneAPI 2024.1| 2024-11-19|
 |fb76ec31a9914b7761c1727303ab30380fd4f05c|b3038 |[llama-b3038-bin-win-sycl-x64.zip](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/b3038/llama-b3038-bin-win-sycl-x64.zip) |Arc A770/Linux/oneAPI 2024.1<br>MTL Arc GPU/Windows 11/oneAPI 2024.1||
 
+### Ubuntu 24.04
+
+The release packages for Ubuntu 24.04 x64 (FP32/FP16) only include the binary files of the llama.cpp SYCL backend. They require the target machine to have pre-installed Intel GPU drivers and oneAPI packages that are the same version as the build package. To get the version and installation info, refer to release.yml: ubuntu-24-sycl -> Download & Install oneAPI.
+
+It is recommended to use them with Intel Docker.
+
+The packages for FP32 and FP16 would have different accuracy and performance on LLMs. Please choose it acording to the test result.
 
 ## News
 
+- 2026.04
+
+  - Optimize mul_mat by reorder feature for data type: Q4_K, Q5_K, Q_K, Q8_0.
+  - Fused MoE.
+  - Upgrate CI and built package for oneAPI 2025.3.3, support Ubuntu 24.04 built package.
+
 - 2026.03
   - Support Flash-Attention: less memory usage, performance impact depends on LLM.
 
@@ -229,6 +244,7 @@ Upon a successful installation, SYCL is enabled for the available intel devices,
 
 |Verified release|
 |-|
+|2025.3.3 |
 |2025.2.1|
 |2025.1|
 |2024.1|
@@ -339,6 +355,12 @@ Choose one of following methods to run.
 ./examples/sycl/test.sh
 ```
 
+- Run llama-server:
+
+```sh
+./examples/sycl/start-svr.sh -m PATH/MODEL_FILE
+```
+
 2. Command line
 Launch inference
 
@@ -627,10 +649,18 @@ Choose one of following methods to run.
 
 1. Script
 
+- Run test:
+
 ```
 examples\sycl\win-test.bat
 ```
 
+- Run llama-server:
+
+```
+examples\sycl\win-start-svr.bat -m PATH\MODEL_FILE
+```
+
 2. Command line
 
 Launch inference

docs/backend/snapdragon/README.md

@@ -249,18 +249,27 @@ build: 6a8cf8914 (6733)
   ```
 
 - `GGML_HEXAGON_PROFILE=1`
-  Generates a host-side profile for the ggml-hexagon Ops.
+  Enables Op profiling:
 
-- `GGML_HEXAGON_OPMASK=0x0`
-  Allows enabling specific stages of the processing pipeline:
+  - `1` Basic profile with per-op `usecs` and `cycles` counters
+  - `2` Extended profile with per-op `usecs`, `cycles` and default PMU counter data
+  - `0x1,...,0x8` Extended profile with per-op `usecs`, `cycles` and custom PMU counter data
+
+  The logging output can be either saved into a file for post-processing or it can be piped directly into the post-processing tool to generate the report.
+  Examples:
+
+      `GGML_HEXAGON_PROFILE=1 llama-completion ... |& ./scripts/snapdragon/ggml-hexagon-profile.py -`
+
+- `GGML_HEXAGON_OPSTAGE=0x0`
+  Allows enabling specific stages of the Op processing pipeline:
 
   - `0x1` Enable Op Queue (i.e., queuing Ops into NPU)
   - `0x2` Enable Op Compute (MUL_MAT, etc.)
 
   Examples:
 
-      `GGML_HEXAGON_OPMASK=0x1 llama-completion ...` - Ops are enqueued but NPU-side processing is stubbed out
-      `GGML_HEXAGON_OPMASK=0x3 llama-completion ...` - Full queuing and processing of Ops (default)
+      `GGML_HEXAGON_OPSTAGE=0x1 llama-completion ...` - Ops are enqueued to the NPU but dma & compute are disabled
+      `GGML_HEXAGON_OPSTAGE=0x3 llama-completion ...` - Full queuing and processing of Ops (default)
 
 - `GGML_HEXAGON_OPFILTER=regex`
   Allows filtering (disabling) Ops that match the regex pattern:

docs/ops.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Legend:
 |                            CLAMP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                           CONCAT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                             CONT | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                          CONV_2D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                          CONV_2D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                       CONV_2D_DW | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                          CONV_3D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Legend:
 |                       GROUP_NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                      HARDSIGMOID | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                        HARDSWISH | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                           IM2COL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                           IM2COL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                        IM2COL_3D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                          L2_NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                       LEAKY_RELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Legend:
 |                              SQR | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                             SQRT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                         SSM_CONV | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                         SSM_SCAN | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                         SSM_SCAN | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                             STEP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              SUB | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              SUM | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/convert-model.sh

@@ -25,7 +25,11 @@ MODEL_NAME="${MODEL_NAME:-$(basename "$MODEL_PATH")}"
 OUTPUT_DIR="${OUTPUT_DIR:-../../models}"
 TYPE="${OUTTYPE:-f16}"
 METADATA_OVERRIDE="${METADATA_OVERRIDE:-}"
-CONVERTED_MODEL="${OUTPUT_DIR}/${MODEL_NAME}.gguf"
+if [[ -n "$MMPROJ" ]]; then
+    CONVERTED_MODEL="${OUTPUT_DIR}/mmproj-${MODEL_NAME}.gguf"
+else
+    CONVERTED_MODEL="${OUTPUT_DIR}/${MODEL_NAME}.gguf"
+fi
 
 echo "Model path: ${MODEL_PATH}"
 echo "Model name: ${MODEL_NAME}"
@@ -38,6 +42,7 @@ if [[ -n "$DEBUG" ]]; then
 else
     CMD_ARGS=("python")
 fi
+
 CMD_ARGS+=("../../convert_hf_to_gguf.py" "--verbose")
 CMD_ARGS+=("${MODEL_PATH}")
 CMD_ARGS+=("--outfile" "${CONVERTED_MODEL}")
@@ -50,7 +55,3 @@ CMD_ARGS+=("--outtype" "${TYPE}")
 echo ""
 echo "The environment variable CONVERTED_MODEL can be set to this path using:"
 echo "export CONVERTED_MODEL=$(realpath ${CONVERTED_MODEL})"
-if [[ -n "$MMPROJ" ]]; then
-    mmproj_file="${OUTPUT_DIR}/mmproj-$(basename "${CONVERTED_MODEL}")"
-    echo "The mmproj model was created in $(realpath "$mmproj_file")"
-fi

examples/speculative-simple/speculative-simple.cpp

@@ -8,8 +8,24 @@
 #include <clocale>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <cinttypes>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
+#include <utility>
+
+struct spec_checkpoint {
+    int64_t n_tokens = 0;
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+
+    size_t size() const {
+        return data.size();
+    }
+
+    bool empty() const {
+        return data.empty();
+    }
+};
 
 int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     std::setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
@@ -46,6 +62,14 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     model_tgt = llama_init_tgt->model();
     ctx_tgt   = llama_init_tgt->context();
 
+    // check if the context supports partial sequence removal
+    const auto ctx_seq_rm = common_context_can_seq_rm(ctx_tgt);
+    const bool use_ckpt = (ctx_seq_rm == COMMON_CONTEXT_SEQ_RM_TYPE_FULL);
+
+    if (use_ckpt) {
+        LOG_INF("speculative decoding will use checkpoints (context does not support partial sequence removal)\n");
+    }
+
     const llama_vocab * vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(model_tgt);
 
     // load the draft model
@@ -119,7 +143,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     const auto t_enc_start = ggml_time_us();
 
     // target model sampling context
-    struct common_sampler * smpl = common_sampler_init(model_tgt, params.sampling);
+    common_sampler_ptr smpl(common_sampler_init(model_tgt, params.sampling));
 
     // eval the prompt
     llama_decode(ctx_tgt, llama_batch_get_one(inp.data(), inp.size() - 1));
@@ -142,21 +166,61 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
     llama_batch batch_tgt = llama_batch_init(llama_n_batch(ctx_tgt), 0, 1);
 
+    size_t n_draft = 0;
+
+    llama_tokens draft;
+    spec_checkpoint spec_ckpt;
+
     const auto t_enc_end = ggml_time_us();
 
     const auto t_dec_start = ggml_time_us();
 
     while (true) {
-        // optionally, generate draft tokens that can be appended to the target batch
+        // generate or reuse draft tokens
         //
         // this is the most important part of the speculation. the more probable tokens that are provided here
         // the better the performance will be. in theory, this computation can be performed asynchronously and even
         // offloaded to a remote device. it doesn't even have to be based on an LLM. instead, it can provide tokens
         // from a cache or lookup tables.
         //
-        llama_tokens draft = common_speculative_draft(spec, params_spec, prompt_tgt, id_last);
+        if (draft.empty()) {
+            // generate a new draft
+            draft = common_speculative_draft(spec, params_spec, prompt_tgt, id_last);
 
-        //LOG_DBG("draft: %s\n", string_from(ctx_dft, draft).c_str());
+            if ((int) draft.size() > params_spec.n_max) {
+                LOG_WRN("draft size %zu exceeds max %d, truncating\n", draft.size(), params_spec.n_max);
+                draft.resize(params_spec.n_max);
+            }
+
+            if ((int) draft.size() < params_spec.n_min) {
+                LOG_DBG("ignoring small draft: %zu < %d\n", draft.size(), params_spec.n_min);
+                draft.clear();
+            }
+
+            // save the original draft size
+            n_draft = draft.size();
+
+            // save a checkpoint of the target context before evaluating the draft
+            // this allows us to restore the state if partial draft acceptance occurs
+            if (!draft.empty() && use_ckpt) {
+                const size_t ckpt_size = llama_state_seq_get_size_ext(ctx_tgt, 0, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY);
+                spec_ckpt.data.resize(ckpt_size);
+
+                const size_t n = llama_state_seq_get_data_ext(ctx_tgt, spec_ckpt.data.data(), ckpt_size, 0, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY);
+                GGML_ASSERT(n == ckpt_size);
+
+                spec_ckpt.n_tokens = (int64_t) prompt_tgt.size();
+                LOG_DBG("created speculative checkpoint (n_tokens = %" PRId64 ", size = %.3f MiB)\n",
+                        spec_ckpt.n_tokens, (float) spec_ckpt.data.size() / 1024 / 1024);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // we have a previous (partial) draft to reuse from checkpoint restoration
+            if (use_ckpt) {
+                GGML_ASSERT(!spec_ckpt.empty());
+            }
+        }
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_draft > 0);
 
         // always have a token to evaluate from before - id_last
         common_batch_clear(batch_tgt);
@@ -178,6 +242,12 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
             llama_decode(ctx_tgt, batch_tgt);
         }
 
+        // only save the sampler sampler state if we use checkpoints
+        common_sampler_ptr smpl_save;
+        if (use_ckpt) {
+            smpl_save.reset(common_sampler_clone(smpl.get()));
+        }
+
         // sample from the full target batch and return the accepted tokens based on the target sampler
         //
         // for each token to be accepted, the sampler would have to sample that same token
@@ -185,14 +255,38 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         // available logits from the batch and sample the next token until we run out of logits or the sampler
         // disagrees with the draft
         //
-        const auto ids = common_sampler_sample_and_accept_n(smpl, ctx_tgt, draft);
+        auto ids = common_sampler_sample_and_accept_n(smpl.get(), ctx_tgt, draft);
 
         //LOG_DBG("ids: %s\n", string_from(ctx_tgt, ids).c_str());
 
         GGML_ASSERT(ids.size() > 0); // there will always be at least one accepted token
 
+        // check for partial draft acceptance:
+        // if the context doesn't support partial sequence removal, restore the checkpoint
+        // and make the accepted tokens the new partial draft for the next iteration
+        if (use_ckpt && ids.size() - 1 < draft.size()) {
+            LOG_DBG("partial acceptance: %zu < %zu, restoring checkpoint\n", ids.size() - 1, draft.size());
+
+            draft = std::move(ids);
+
+            const size_t n = llama_state_seq_set_data_ext(ctx_tgt, spec_ckpt.data.data(), spec_ckpt.size(), 0, LLAMA_STATE_SEQ_FLAGS_PARTIAL_ONLY);
+            GGML_ASSERT(n == spec_ckpt.size());
+
+            llama_memory_seq_rm(llama_get_memory(ctx_tgt), 0, spec_ckpt.n_tokens, -1);
+
+            prompt_tgt.resize(spec_ckpt.n_tokens);
+            smpl = std::move(smpl_save);
+
+            n_past = (int) prompt_tgt.size();
+
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        common_speculative_accept(spec, ids.size() - 1);
+
+        // full acceptance: consume the draft and commit accepted tokens
         n_past    += ids.size() - 1;
-        n_drafted += draft.size(); // note: we ignore the discarded small drafts
+        n_drafted += n_draft; // note: we ignore the discarded small drafts
         n_accept  += ids.size() - 1;
         n_predict += ids.size();
 
@@ -222,6 +316,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
         LOG_DBG("accepted %d/%d draft tokens, the last target token is: (%d)\n", (int) ids.size() - 1, (int) draft.size(), id_last);
 
+        // clear the draft since it has been consumed
+        draft.clear();
+
         {
             LOG_DBG("clear kv cache from any extra tokens, n_past = %d\n", n_past);
 
@@ -254,11 +351,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
     LOG_INF("\n");
     LOG_INF("target:\n\n");
-    common_perf_print(ctx_tgt, smpl);
+    common_perf_print(ctx_tgt, smpl.get());
 
     llama_batch_free(batch_tgt);
 
-    common_sampler_free(smpl);
     common_speculative_free(spec);
 
     llama_backend_free();

examples/sycl/start-svr.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+#  MIT license
+#  Copyright (C) 2024 Intel Corporation
+#  SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+Help() {
+  cat << EOF
+Usage: $(basename "$0") [OPTIONS]
+
+This script processes files with specified options.
+
+Options:
+  -h, --help    Display this help message and exit.
+  -c, --context <value>    Set context length. Bigger need more memory.
+  -p, --promote <value>    Prompt to start generation with.
+  -m, --model   <value>    Full model file path.
+  -mg,--main-gpu <value>   Set main GPU ID (0 - n) for single GPU mode.
+  -sm,--split-mode <value> How to split the model across multiple GPUs, one of:
+                            - none: use one GPU only
+                            - layer (default): split layers and KV across GPUs
+                            - row: split rows across GPUs
+  -ngl,--n-gpu-layers <value>  Max. number of layers to store in VRAM (default: -1)
+  -lv,--log-verbosity <value>  Set the verbosity threshold. Messages with a higher verbosity will be
+                               ignored. Values:
+                                - 0: generic output
+                                - 1: error
+                                - 2: warning
+                                - 3: info
+                                - 4: debug
+
+
+EOF
+}
+
+BIN_FILE=./build/bin/llama-server
+SEED=0
+GPUS_SETTING=""
+
+MODEL_FILE=../models/Qwen3.5-4B-Q4_0.gguf
+NGL=99
+CONTEXT=4096
+GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=-1
+SPLIT_MODE=layer
+LOG_VERBOSE=3
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+    case "$1" in
+        -c|--context)
+            CONTEXT=$2
+            # Shift twice to consume both the option flag and its value
+            shift
+            shift
+            ;;
+        -m|--model)
+            MODEL_FILE="$2"
+            # Shift twice to consume both the option flag and its value
+            shift
+            shift
+            ;;
+        -mg|--main-gpu)
+            GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=$2
+            SPLIT_MODE=none
+            # Shift twice to consume both the option flag and its value
+            shift
+            shift
+            ;;
+        -sm|--split-mode)
+            SPLIT_MODE=$2
+            # Shift twice to consume both the option flag and its value
+            shift
+            shift
+            ;;
+        -ngl|--n-gpu-layers)
+            NGL=$2
+            # Shift twice to consume both the option flag and its value
+            shift
+            shift
+            ;;
+        -lv|--log-verbosity)
+            LOG_VERBOSE=$2
+            # Shift twice to consume both the option flag and its value
+            shift
+            shift
+            ;;
+        -h|--help)
+            Help
+            exit 0
+            ;;
+        *)
+            # Handle unknown options or stop processing options
+            echo "Invalid option: $1"
+            # Optional: exit script or shift to treat remaining as positional args
+            exit 1
+            ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+
+
+source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
+
+#export GGML_SYCL_DEBUG=1
+
+#ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1, Support to get free memory of GPU by sycl::aspect::ext_intel_free_memory. Recommended to use when --split-mode = layer.
+
+#support malloc device memory more than 4GB.
+export UR_L0_ENABLE_RELAXED_ALLOCATION_LIMITS=1
+echo "UR_L0_ENABLE_RELAXED_ALLOCATION_LIMITS=${UR_L0_ENABLE_RELAXED_ALLOCATION_LIMITS}"
+
+if [ $GGML_SYCL_DEVICE -ne -1 ]; then
+    echo "Use $GGML_SYCL_DEVICE as main GPU"
+    #use signle GPU only
+    GPUS_SETTING="-mg $GGML_SYCL_DEVICE -sm ${SPLIT_MODE}"
+    export ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR="level_zero:${$GGML_SYCL_DEVICE}"
+    echo "ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR=${ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR}"
+else
+    echo "Use all Intel GPUs, including iGPU & dGPU"
+    GPUS_SETTING="-sm ${SPLIT_MODE}"
+ fi
+
+echo "run cmd: ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 ${BIN_FILE} -m ${MODEL_FILE} -no-cnv -p "${INPUT_PROMPT}" -n 200 -e -ngl ${NGL} -s ${SEED} -c ${CONTEXT} ${GPUS_SETTING} -lv ${LOG_VERBOSE}  --mmap "
+ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 ${BIN_FILE} -m ${MODEL_FILE} -ngl ${NGL} -s ${SEED} -c ${CONTEXT} ${GPUS_SETTING} -lv ${LOG_VERBOSE} --mmap --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000
+
+

examples/sycl/test.sh

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ SEED=0
 GPUS_SETTING=""
 
 INPUT_PROMPT="Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:\nStep 1:"
-MODEL_FILE=models/llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf
+MODEL_FILE=../models/llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf
 NGL=99
 CONTEXT=4096
 GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=-1
@@ -122,9 +122,10 @@ if [ $GGML_SYCL_DEVICE -ne -1 ]; then
     export ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR="level_zero:${$GGML_SYCL_DEVICE}"
     echo "ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR=${ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR}"
 else
-   echo "Use all Intel GPUs, including iGPU & dGPU"
+    echo "Use all Intel GPUs, including iGPU & dGPU"
+    GPUS_SETTING="-sm ${SPLIT_MODE}"
  fi
 
-echo "run cmd: ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 ${BIN_FILE} -m ${MODEL_FILE} -no-cnv -p "${INPUT_PROMPT}" -n 400 -e -ngl ${NGL} -s ${SEED} -c ${CONTEXT} ${GPUS_SETTING} -lv ${LOG_VERBOSE}  --mmap "
-ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 ${BIN_FILE} -m ${MODEL_FILE} -no-cnv -p "${INPUT_PROMPT}" -n 400 -e -ngl ${NGL} -s ${SEED} -c ${CONTEXT} ${GPUS_SETTING} -lv ${LOG_VERBOSE} --mmap
+echo "run cmd: ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 ${BIN_FILE} -m ${MODEL_FILE} -no-cnv -p "${INPUT_PROMPT}" -n 200 -e -ngl ${NGL} -s ${SEED} -c ${CONTEXT} ${GPUS_SETTING} -lv ${LOG_VERBOSE}  --mmap "
+ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 ${BIN_FILE} -m ${MODEL_FILE} -no-cnv -p "${INPUT_PROMPT}" -n 200 -e -ngl ${NGL} -s ${SEED} -c ${CONTEXT} ${GPUS_SETTING} -lv ${LOG_VERBOSE} --mmap
 

examples/sycl/win-start-svr.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+::  MIT license
+::  Copyright (C) 2024 Intel Corporation
+::  SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+@echo off
+setlocal EnableExtensions EnableDelayedExpansion
+
+set "BIN_FILE=.\build\bin\llama-server.exe"
+set "SEED=0"
+set "GPUS_SETTING="
+
+set "MODEL_FILE=..\models\Qwen3.5-4B-Q4_0.gguf"
+set "NGL=99"
+set "CONTEXT=4096"
+set "GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=-1"
+set "SPLIT_MODE=layer"
+set "LOG_VERBOSE=3"
+
+if "%~1"=="" goto after_args
+
+:parse_args
+if "%~1"=="" goto after_args
+
+if /I "%~1"=="-c" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "CONTEXT=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+if /I "%~1"=="--context" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "CONTEXT=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+
+if /I "%~1"=="-m" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "MODEL_FILE=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+if /I "%~1"=="--model" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "MODEL_FILE=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+
+if /I "%~1"=="-mg" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=%~2"
+  set "SPLIT_MODE=none"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+if /I "%~1"=="--main-gpu" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=%~2"
+  set "SPLIT_MODE=none"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+
+if /I "%~1"=="-sm" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "SPLIT_MODE=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+if /I "%~1"=="--split-mode" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "SPLIT_MODE=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+
+if /I "%~1"=="-ngl" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "NGL=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+if /I "%~1"=="--n-gpu-layers" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "NGL=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+
+if /I "%~1"=="-lv" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "LOG_VERBOSE=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+if /I "%~1"=="--log-verbosity" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "LOG_VERBOSE=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+
+if /I "%~1"=="-h" goto help
+if /I "%~1"=="--help" goto help
+
+echo Invalid option: %~1
+exit /b 1
+
+:missing_value
+echo Missing value for option: %~1
+exit /b 1
+
+:help
+echo Usage: %~n0 [OPTIONS]
+echo.
+echo This script processes files with specified options.
+echo.
+echo Options:
+echo   -h, --help    Display this help message and exit.
+echo   -c, --context ^<value^>    Set context length. Bigger need more memory.
+echo   -m, --model   ^<value^>    Full model file path.
+echo   -mg,--main-gpu ^<value^>   Set main GPU ID (0 - n) for single GPU mode.
+echo   -sm,--split-mode ^<value^> How to split the model across multiple GPUs, one of:
+echo                             - none: use one GPU only
+echo                             - layer (default): split layers and KV across GPUs
+echo                             - row: split rows across GPUs
+echo   -ngl,--n-gpu-layers ^<value^>  Max. number of layers to store in VRAM (default: -1)
+echo   -lv,--log-verbosity ^<value^>  Set the verbosity threshold. Messages with a higher verbosity will be
+echo                                ignored. Values:
+echo                                 - 0: generic output
+echo                                 - 1: error
+echo                                 - 2: warning
+echo                                 - 3: info
+echo                                 - 4: debug
+exit /b 0
+
+:after_args
+
+REM In Windows CMD, source is not available; call oneAPI setvars if present.
+if exist "C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\setvars.bat" (
+  call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\setvars.bat" >nul
+) else (
+  echo Warning: oneAPI setvars.bat not found. Continuing without environment setup.
+)
+
+REM Support malloc device memory more than 4GB.
+set "UR_L0_ENABLE_RELAXED_ALLOCATION_LIMITS=1"
+echo UR_L0_ENABLE_RELAXED_ALLOCATION_LIMITS=%UR_L0_ENABLE_RELAXED_ALLOCATION_LIMITS%
+
+if not "%GGML_SYCL_DEVICE%"=="-1" (
+  echo Use %GGML_SYCL_DEVICE% as main GPU
+  REM Use single GPU only.
+  set "GPUS_SETTING=-mg %GGML_SYCL_DEVICE% -sm %SPLIT_MODE%"
+  set "ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR=level_zero:%GGML_SYCL_DEVICE%"
+  echo ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR=%ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR%
+) else (
+  echo Use all Intel GPUs, including iGPU ^& dGPU
+  set "GPUS_SETTING=-sm %SPLIT_MODE%"
+)
+
+echo run cmd: ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 %BIN_FILE% -m "%MODEL_FILE%" -ngl %NGL% -s %SEED% -c %CONTEXT% %GPUS_SETTING% -lv %LOG_VERBOSE% --mmap --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000
+set "ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1"
+%BIN_FILE% -m "%MODEL_FILE%" -ngl %NGL% -s %SEED% -c %CONTEXT% %GPUS_SETTING% -lv %LOG_VERBOSE% --mmap --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000
+
+endlocal
+

examples/sycl/win-test.bat

@@ -2,10 +2,200 @@
 ::  Copyright (C) 2024 Intel Corporation
 ::  SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
-set INPUT2="Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:\nStep 1:"
-@call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\setvars.bat" intel64 --force
 
-:: support malloc device memory more than 4GB.
-set UR_L0_ENABLE_RELAXED_ALLOCATION_LIMITS=1
-set LOAD_MODE="--mmap"
-.\build\bin\llama-completion.exe -m models\llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf -no-cnv -p %INPUT2% -n 400 -e -ngl 99 -s 0 %LOAD_MODE%
+@echo off
+setlocal EnableExtensions EnableDelayedExpansion
+
+REM MIT license
+REM Copyright (C) 2024 Intel Corporation
+REM SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+set "BIN_FILE=.\build\bin\llama-completion.exe"
+set "SEED=0"
+set "GPUS_SETTING="
+
+set "INPUT_PROMPT=Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:^nStep 1:"
+set "MODEL_FILE=..\models\llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf"
+set "NGL=99"
+set "CONTEXT=4096"
+set "GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=-1"
+set "SPLIT_MODE=layer"
+set "LOG_VERBOSE=3"
+
+if "%~1"=="" goto after_args
+
+:parse_args
+if "%~1"=="" goto after_args
+
+if /I "%~1"=="-c" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "CONTEXT=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+if /I "%~1"=="--context" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "CONTEXT=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+
+if /I "%~1"=="-p" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "INPUT_PROMPT=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+if /I "%~1"=="--promote" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "INPUT_PROMPT=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+
+if /I "%~1"=="-m" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "MODEL_FILE=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+if /I "%~1"=="--model" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "MODEL_FILE=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+
+if /I "%~1"=="-mg" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=%~2"
+  set "SPLIT_MODE=none"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+if /I "%~1"=="--main-gpu" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=%~2"
+  set "SPLIT_MODE=none"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+
+if /I "%~1"=="-sm" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "SPLIT_MODE=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+if /I "%~1"=="--split-mode" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "SPLIT_MODE=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+
+if /I "%~1"=="-ngl" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "NGL=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+if /I "%~1"=="--n-gpu-layers" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "NGL=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+
+if /I "%~1"=="-lv" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "LOG_VERBOSE=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+if /I "%~1"=="--log-verbosity" (
+  if "%~2"=="" goto missing_value
+  set "LOG_VERBOSE=%~2"
+  shift
+  shift
+  goto parse_args
+)
+
+if /I "%~1"=="-h" goto help
+if /I "%~1"=="--help" goto help
+
+echo Invalid option: %~1
+exit /b 1
+
+:missing_value
+echo Missing value for option: %~1
+exit /b 1
+
+:help
+echo Usage: %~n0 [OPTIONS]
+echo.
+echo This script processes files with specified options.
+echo.
+echo Options:
+echo   -h, --help    Display this help message and exit.
+echo   -c, --context ^<value^>    Set context length. Bigger need more memory.
+echo   -p, --promote ^<value^>    Prompt to start generation with.
+echo   -m, --model   ^<value^>    Full model file path.
+echo   -mg,--main-gpu ^<value^>   Set main GPU ID (0 - n) for single GPU mode.
+echo   -sm,--split-mode ^<value^> How to split the model across multiple GPUs, one of:
+echo                             - none: use one GPU only
+echo                             - layer (default): split layers and KV across GPUs
+echo                             - row: split rows across GPUs
+echo   -ngl,--n-gpu-layers ^<value^>  Max. number of layers to store in VRAM (default: -1)
+echo   -lv,--log-verbosity ^<value^>  Set the verbosity threshold. Messages with a higher verbosity will be
+echo                                ignored. Values:
+echo                                 - 0: generic output
+echo                                 - 1: error
+echo                                 - 2: warning
+echo                                 - 3: info
+echo                                 - 4: debug
+exit /b 0
+
+:after_args
+
+REM In Windows CMD, source is not available; call oneAPI setvars if present.
+if exist "C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\setvars.bat" (
+  call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\setvars.bat" >nul
+) else (
+  echo Warning: oneAPI setvars.bat not found. Continuing without environment setup.
+)
+
+REM Support malloc device memory more than 4GB.
+set "UR_L0_ENABLE_RELAXED_ALLOCATION_LIMITS=1"
+echo UR_L0_ENABLE_RELAXED_ALLOCATION_LIMITS=%UR_L0_ENABLE_RELAXED_ALLOCATION_LIMITS%
+
+if not "%GGML_SYCL_DEVICE%"=="-1" (
+  echo Use %GGML_SYCL_DEVICE% as main GPU
+  REM Use single GPU only.
+  set "GPUS_SETTING=-mg %GGML_SYCL_DEVICE% -sm %SPLIT_MODE%"
+  set "ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR=level_zero:%GGML_SYCL_DEVICE%"
+  echo ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR=%ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR%
+) else (
+  echo Use all Intel GPUs, including iGPU ^& dGPU
+  set "GPUS_SETTING=-sm %SPLIT_MODE%"
+)
+
+echo run cmd: ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 %BIN_FILE% -m %MODEL_FILE% -no-cnv -p "%INPUT_PROMPT%" -n 200 -e -ngl %NGL% -s %SEED% -c %CONTEXT% %GPUS_SETTING% -lv %LOG_VERBOSE% --mmap
+set "ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1"
+%BIN_FILE% -m "%MODEL_FILE%" -no-cnv -p "%INPUT_PROMPT%" -n 200 -e -ngl %NGL% -s %SEED% -c %CONTEXT% %GPUS_SETTING% -lv %LOG_VERBOSE% --mmap
+
+endlocal
+

ggml/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ project("ggml" C CXX ASM)
 
 ### GGML Version
 set(GGML_VERSION_MAJOR 0)
-set(GGML_VERSION_MINOR 9)
-set(GGML_VERSION_PATCH 11)
+set(GGML_VERSION_MINOR 10)
+set(GGML_VERSION_PATCH 0)
 set(GGML_VERSION_BASE "${GGML_VERSION_MAJOR}.${GGML_VERSION_MINOR}.${GGML_VERSION_PATCH}")
 
 list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/")
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ set   (GGML_CUDA_COMPRESSION_MODE "size" CACHE STRING
 set_property(CACHE GGML_CUDA_COMPRESSION_MODE PROPERTY STRINGS "none;speed;balance;size")
 
 option(GGML_HIP                             "ggml: use HIP"                                   OFF)
-option(GGML_HIP_GRAPHS                      "ggml: use HIP graph, experimental, slow"         OFF)
+option(GGML_HIP_GRAPHS                      "ggml: use HIP graph"                              ON)
 option(GGML_HIP_RCCL                        "ggml: use ROCm Collective Comm. Library"         OFF)
 option(GGML_HIP_NO_VMM                      "ggml: do not try to use HIP VMM"                 ON)
 option(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN               "ggml: enable rocWMMA for FlashAttention"         OFF)

ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ target_link_libraries(ggml-base PRIVATE Threads::Threads)
 find_library(MATH_LIBRARY m)
 if (MATH_LIBRARY)
     if (NOT WIN32 OR NOT DEFINED ENV{ONEAPI_ROOT})
-        target_link_libraries(ggml-base PRIVATE m)
+        target_link_libraries(ggml-base PRIVATE ${MATH_LIBRARY})
     endif()
 endif()
 

ggml/src/ggml-backend-meta.cpp

@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_meta_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer
         if (t_ij->view_src != nullptr && ggml_backend_buffer_is_meta(t_ij->view_src->buffer)) {
             t_ij->view_src = ggml_backend_meta_buffer_simple_tensor(tensor->view_src, j);
             if (t_ij->view_offs > 0 && split_dim >= 0 && split_dim < GGML_MAX_DIMS) {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ne[split_dim] != 0 && tensor->ne[split_dim] != 0);
+                GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[split_dim] != 0);
                 const int split_dim_view_src = ggml_backend_meta_get_split_state(tensor->view_src, /*assume_sync =*/ true).axis;
                 GGML_ASSERT(split_dim_view_src >= 0 && split_dim_view_src < GGML_MAX_DIMS);
 
@@ -1170,6 +1170,28 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_meta_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer
 
         simple_tensors.push_back(t_ij);
     }
+
+    // If one of the sources has a zero-sized slice, disable the computation:
+    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
+        if (tensor->src[i] == nullptr || !ggml_backend_buffer_is_meta(tensor->src[i]->buffer)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const ggml_backend_meta_split_state split_state_src = ggml_backend_meta_get_split_state(tensor->src[i], /*assume_sync =*/ true);
+        if (split_state_src.axis < 0 || split_state_src.axis >= GGML_MAX_DIMS) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < n_simple_bufs; j++) {
+            int64_t ne_sum = 0;
+            for (size_t s = 0; s < split_state_src.n_segments; s++) {
+                ne_sum += split_state_src.ne[s*n_simple_bufs + j];
+            }
+            if (ne_sum == 0) {
+                simple_tensors[j]->flags &= ~GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     buf_ctx->simple_tensors[tensor] = simple_tensors;
 
     return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
@@ -1442,17 +1464,20 @@ struct ggml_backend_meta_context {
     struct backend_config {
         ggml_backend_t backend;
 
-        std::vector<cgraph_config> cgraphs;
-        std::vector<ggml_tensor *> nodes;
-        ggml_backend_buffer_ptr    buf;
+        std::vector<cgraph_config>           cgraphs;
+        std::vector<ggml_tensor *>           nodes;
+        std::vector<ggml_backend_buffer_ptr> bufs;
 
-        backend_config(ggml_backend_t backend) : backend(backend) {}
+        backend_config(ggml_backend_t backend, const size_t n_reduce_steps) : backend(backend) {
+            bufs.resize(n_reduce_steps);
+        }
     };
     std::string                 name;
     std::vector<backend_config> backend_configs;
     ggml_context_ptr            ctx;
     std::vector<ggml_cgraph *>  cgraphs_aux;
     std::vector<ggml_tensor *>  nodes_aux;
+    size_t                      n_reduce_steps;
     int                         max_nnodes    = 0;
     size_t                      max_tmp_size  = 0;
     size_t                      max_subgraphs = 0;
@@ -1464,6 +1489,7 @@ struct ggml_backend_meta_context {
 
     ggml_backend_meta_context(ggml_backend_dev_t meta_dev, const char * params) {
         const size_t n_devs = ggml_backend_meta_dev_n_devs(meta_dev);
+        n_reduce_steps = std::ceil(std::log2(n_devs));
         name = "Meta(";
         std::vector<ggml_backend_t> simple_backends;
         backend_configs.reserve(n_devs);
@@ -1475,7 +1501,7 @@ struct ggml_backend_meta_context {
             }
             name += ggml_backend_dev_name(simple_dev);
             simple_backends.push_back(ggml_backend_dev_init(simple_dev, params));
-            backend_configs.emplace_back(simple_backends.back());
+            backend_configs.emplace_back(simple_backends.back(), n_reduce_steps);
         }
         name += ")";
 
@@ -1505,10 +1531,6 @@ struct ggml_backend_meta_context {
             ggml_backend_free(bc.backend);
         }
     }
-
-    size_t n_reduce_steps() const {
-        return std::ceil(std::log2(backend_configs.size()));
-    }
 };
 
 static const char * ggml_backend_meta_get_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
@@ -1661,6 +1683,36 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_meta_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend,
 
                 ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[id];
                 int32_t n_used = ggml_node_get_use_count(cgraph, id);
+
+                // Skip MIRRORED nodes that don't consume node
+                auto skip_unrelated = [&]() {
+                    while (id + 1 < cgraph->n_nodes) {
+                        ggml_tensor * next = cgraph->nodes[id+1];
+                        if (ggml_backend_meta_get_split_state(next, false).axis != GGML_BACKEND_SPLIT_AXIS_MIRRORED) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        bool safe = true;
+                        for (int s = 0; s < GGML_MAX_SRC; s++) {
+                            if (next->src[s] == nullptr) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            if (next->src[s] == node) {
+                                safe = false;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            if (ggml_backend_meta_get_split_state(next->src[s], false).axis != GGML_BACKEND_SPLIT_AXIS_MIRRORED) {
+                                safe = false;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (!safe) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        id++;
+                    }
+                };
+
+                skip_unrelated();
                 if (id + 1 >= cgraph->n_nodes) {
                     return idr;
                 }
@@ -1675,10 +1727,12 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_meta_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend,
                         n_used = ggml_node_get_use_count(cgraph, id);
                     }
                 }
-                if (id + 1 >= cgraph->n_nodes) {
-                    return idr;
-                }
-                {
+                // Chain of MULs with MIRRORED src[1]
+                while (true) {
+                    skip_unrelated();
+                    if (id + 1 >= cgraph->n_nodes) {
+                        return idr;
+                    }
                     ggml_tensor * next = cgraph->nodes[id+1];
                     if (next->op == GGML_OP_MUL && next->src[0] == node &&
                             ggml_backend_meta_get_split_state(next->src[1], false).axis == GGML_BACKEND_SPLIT_AXIS_MIRRORED) {
@@ -1686,6 +1740,8 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_meta_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend,
                         id++;
                         idr = id;
                         n_used = ggml_node_get_use_count(cgraph, id);
+                    } else {
+                        break;
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -1754,16 +1810,17 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_meta_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend,
         if (max_tmp_size > backend_ctx->max_tmp_size) {
             for (size_t j = 0; j < n_backends; j++) {
                 auto & bcj = backend_ctx->backend_configs[j];
-                bcj.buf.reset(ggml_backend_alloc_buffer(bcj.backend, max_tmp_size));
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < backend_ctx->n_reduce_steps; i++) {
+                    bcj.bufs[i].reset(ggml_backend_alloc_buffer(bcj.backend, max_tmp_size));
+                }
             }
             backend_ctx->max_tmp_size = max_tmp_size;
         }
 
         if (max_nnodes_raised || n_subgraphs > backend_ctx->max_subgraphs) {
             backend_ctx->max_subgraphs = std::max(backend_ctx->max_subgraphs, n_subgraphs);
-            const size_t n_reduce_steps = backend_ctx->n_reduce_steps();
-            const size_t n_nodes_per_device = 2 * n_reduce_steps; // tmp + ADD per step
-            const size_t n_cgraphs_per_device = n_reduce_steps;    // 1 ADD graph per step
+            const size_t n_nodes_per_device = 3 * backend_ctx->n_reduce_steps; // tmp + ADD (+zeroing) graph per step and device
+            const size_t n_cgraphs_per_device = 2 * backend_ctx->n_reduce_steps; // ADD ( + zeroing) graph per step and device
             const size_t mem_per_device_graphs_main = backend_ctx->max_subgraphs*ggml_graph_overhead_custom(backend_ctx->max_nnodes, cgraph->grads);
             const size_t mem_per_device_graphs_aux = n_cgraphs_per_device*backend_ctx->max_subgraphs*ggml_graph_overhead_custom(1, cgraph->grads);
             const size_t mem_per_device_nodes_aux = n_nodes_per_device*backend_ctx->max_subgraphs*ggml_tensor_overhead();
@@ -1812,11 +1869,6 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_meta_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend,
     size_t iga = 0; // i graph aux
     size_t ina = 0; // i node aux
 
-    // FIXME usage_counts
-    auto get_cgraph_aux = [&]() -> ggml_cgraph * {
-        ggml_cgraph * ret = backend_ctx->cgraphs_aux[iga++];
-        return ret;
-    };
     auto get_node_aux = [&](ggml_tensor * t) -> ggml_tensor * {
         ggml_tensor * ret = backend_ctx->nodes_aux[ina++];
         memset(ret, 0, sizeof(ggml_tensor));
@@ -1828,75 +1880,110 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_meta_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend,
         }
         return ret;
     };
+    auto set_tmp_data = [&](ggml_tensor * tensor, const size_t j, const size_t i_buf) {
+        auto & bcj = backend_ctx->backend_configs[j];
+        ggml_backend_buffer_ptr & buf_ptr = bcj.bufs[i_buf];
+        if (!buf_ptr || ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(buf_ptr.get()) < backend_ctx->max_tmp_size) {
+            buf_ptr.reset(ggml_backend_alloc_buffer(bcj.backend, backend_ctx->max_tmp_size));
+        }
+        tensor->buffer = buf_ptr.get();
+        tensor->data   = ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(buf_ptr.get());
+    };
+    // FIXME usage_counts
+    auto get_cgraph_aux = [&]() -> ggml_cgraph * {
+        ggml_cgraph * ret = backend_ctx->cgraphs_aux[iga++];
+        return ret;
+    };
 
     // Preferentially use backend-specific allreduce_tensor_async (e.g. NCCL for CUDA), use a generic fallback if unavailable:
     auto allreduce_fallback = [&](size_t i) -> ggml_status {
         std::vector<ggml_cgraph *> step_cgraphs(n_backends, nullptr);
 
-        for (size_t offset_j = 1; offset_j < n_backends; offset_j *= 2) {
+        // Zero out nodes that were disabled due to having a zero-sized slice:
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < n_backends; j++) {
+            auto & bcj = backend_ctx->backend_configs[j];
+            ggml_tensor * node = bcj.cgraphs[i].cgraph_main->nodes[bcj.cgraphs[i].cgraph_main->n_nodes - 1];
+            if (node->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            ggml_tensor * node_zero = get_node_aux(node);
+            node_zero->op = GGML_OP_SCALE; // FIXME 0.0f * NaN == NaN
+            node_zero->src[0] = node;
+            ggml_set_op_params_f32(node_zero, 0, 0.0f);
+            node_zero->data = node->data;
+            node_zero->flags |= GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE;
+
+            step_cgraphs[j] = get_cgraph_aux();
+            step_cgraphs[j]->nodes[0] = node_zero;
+            step_cgraphs[j]->n_nodes = 1;
+            const ggml_status status = ggml_backend_graph_compute_async(bcj.backend, step_cgraphs[j]);
+            if (status != GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+                return status;
+            }
+        }
+        std::fill(step_cgraphs.begin(), step_cgraphs.end(), nullptr);
+
+        auto push_data = [&](const size_t j_src, const size_t j_dst, const size_t i_buf) {
+            assert(step_cgraphs[j_dst] == nullptr);
+            auto & bcj_src = backend_ctx->backend_configs[j_src];
+            auto & bcj_dst = backend_ctx->backend_configs[j_dst];
+
+            ggml_tensor * node_src = bcj_src.cgraphs[i].cgraph_main->nodes[bcj_src.cgraphs[i].cgraph_main->n_nodes - 1];
+            ggml_tensor * node_dst = bcj_dst.cgraphs[i].cgraph_main->nodes[bcj_dst.cgraphs[i].cgraph_main->n_nodes - 1];
+            GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(node_src));
+            GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(node_dst));
+
+            ggml_tensor * node_tmp = get_node_aux(node_dst);
+            set_tmp_data(node_tmp, j_dst, i_buf);
+
+            ggml_backend_tensor_copy_async(bcj_src.backend, bcj_dst.backend, node_src, node_tmp);
+
+            ggml_tensor * node_red = get_node_aux(node_dst);
+            node_red->view_src = node_dst->view_src == nullptr ? node_dst : node_dst->view_src;
+            node_red->view_offs = node_dst->view_offs;
+            node_red->op = GGML_OP_ADD;
+            node_red->src[0] = node_dst;
+            node_red->src[1] = node_tmp;
+            node_red->flags |= GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE;
+            ggml_backend_view_init(node_red);
+
+            ggml_cgraph * cgraph_aux = get_cgraph_aux();
+            cgraph_aux->nodes[0] = node_red;
+            cgraph_aux->n_nodes = 1;
+            step_cgraphs[j_dst] = cgraph_aux;
+        };
+
+        size_t offset_j = n_backends/2;
+        while ((offset_j & (offset_j - 1)) != 0) {
+            offset_j--;
+        }
+        const size_t offset_j_max = offset_j;
+        size_t i_buf = 0;
+
+        // If n_backends is not a power of 2, fold in the excess prior to butterfly reduction:
+        for (size_t j_src = 2*offset_j_max; j_src < n_backends; j_src++) {
+            const size_t j_dst = j_src - 2*offset_j_max;
+            push_data(j_src, j_dst, i_buf);
+            const ggml_status status = ggml_backend_graph_compute_async(backend_ctx->backend_configs[j_dst].backend, step_cgraphs[j_dst]);
+            if (status != GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+                return status;
+            }
+            i_buf = 1;
+        }
+
+        // Butterfly reduction:
+        for (; offset_j >= 1; offset_j /= 2) {
             std::fill(step_cgraphs.begin(), step_cgraphs.end(), nullptr);
 
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < n_backends; j++) {
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < 2*offset_j_max; j++) {
                 const size_t j_other = j ^ offset_j;
-                if (j_other > j) {
+                if (j_other >= n_backends) {
                     continue;
                 }
-
-                auto & bcj1 = backend_ctx->backend_configs[j];
-                auto & bcj2 = backend_ctx->backend_configs[j_other];
-
-                ggml_tensor * node1 = bcj1.cgraphs[i].cgraph_main->nodes[bcj1.cgraphs[i].cgraph_main->n_nodes - 1];
-                ggml_tensor * node2 = bcj2.cgraphs[i].cgraph_main->nodes[bcj2.cgraphs[i].cgraph_main->n_nodes - 1];
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(node1));
-                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(node2));
-
-                // Tmp tensors to receive P2P copies
-                ggml_tensor * node_tmp_1 = get_node_aux(node1);
-                node_tmp_1->buffer = bcj1.buf.get();
-                node_tmp_1->data = ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(bcj1.buf.get());
-
-                ggml_tensor * node_tmp_2 = get_node_aux(node2);
-                node_tmp_2->buffer = bcj2.buf.get();
-                node_tmp_2->data = ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(bcj2.buf.get());
-
-                // 2 P2P copies: exchange full buffers
-                ggml_backend_tensor_copy_async(bcj1.backend, bcj2.backend, node1, node_tmp_2);
-                ggml_backend_tensor_copy_async(bcj2.backend, bcj1.backend, node2, node_tmp_1);
-
-                // Local ADD: node1 += tmp1 (in-place via view)
-                ggml_tensor * node_red_1 = get_node_aux(node1);
-                node_red_1->view_src = node1->view_src == nullptr ? node1 : node1->view_src;
-                node_red_1->view_offs = node1->view_offs;
-                node_red_1->op = GGML_OP_ADD;
-                node_red_1->src[0] = node1;
-                node_red_1->src[1] = node_tmp_1;
-                node_red_1->flags |= GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE;
-                ggml_backend_view_init(node_red_1);
-
-                // Local ADD: node2 += tmp2 (in-place via view)
-                ggml_tensor * node_red_2 = get_node_aux(node2);
-                node_red_2->view_src = node2->view_src == nullptr ? node2 : node2->view_src;
-                node_red_2->view_offs = node2->view_offs;
-                node_red_2->op = GGML_OP_ADD;
-                node_red_2->src[0] = node2;
-                node_red_2->src[1] = node_tmp_2;
-                node_red_2->flags |= GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE;
-                ggml_backend_view_init(node_red_2);
-
-                // Build 1-node cgraphs for the ADD ops
-                ggml_cgraph * cgraph_aux_1 = get_cgraph_aux();
-                cgraph_aux_1->nodes[0] = node_red_1;
-                cgraph_aux_1->n_nodes = 1;
-                step_cgraphs[j] = cgraph_aux_1;
-
-                ggml_cgraph * cgraph_aux_2 = get_cgraph_aux();
-                cgraph_aux_2->nodes[0] = node_red_2;
-                cgraph_aux_2->n_nodes = 1;
-                step_cgraphs[j_other] = cgraph_aux_2;
+                push_data(j, j_other, i_buf);
             }
 
-            // Execute local ADDs for this step
-            for (size_t j = 0; j < n_backends; j++) {
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < 2*offset_j_max; j++) {
                 if (step_cgraphs[j] == nullptr) {
                     continue;
                 }
@@ -1906,7 +1993,20 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_meta_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend,
                     return status;
                 }
             }
+            i_buf++;
         }
+        assert(i_buf == backend_ctx->n_reduce_steps);
+
+        // If n_backends is not a power of 2, copy back the reduced tensors to the excess:
+        for (size_t j = 2*offset_j_max; j < n_backends; j++) {
+            auto & bcj_src = backend_ctx->backend_configs[j - 2*offset_j_max];
+            auto & bcj_dst = backend_ctx->backend_configs[j];
+
+            ggml_tensor * node_src = bcj_src.cgraphs[i].cgraph_main->nodes[bcj_src.cgraphs[i].cgraph_main->n_nodes - 1];
+            ggml_tensor * node_dst = bcj_dst.cgraphs[i].cgraph_main->nodes[bcj_dst.cgraphs[i].cgraph_main->n_nodes - 1];
+            ggml_backend_tensor_copy_async(bcj_src.backend, bcj_dst.backend, node_src, node_dst);
+        }
+
         return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
     };
 

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch-fallback.h

@@ -83,7 +83,6 @@
 #elif defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_X64)
 // quants.c
 #define ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_0
-#define ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0
 // repack.cpp
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_K_4x4

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/arm/quants.c

@@ -151,8 +151,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     const block_q1_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
     const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
 
-    float sumf = 0.0f;
-
 #if defined(__ARM_NEON)
     float32x4_t sumv = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);
 
@@ -212,31 +210,13 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         }
     }
 
-    sumf = vaddvq_f32(sumv);
+    *s = vaddvq_f32(sumv);
 #else
-    // Scalar fallback
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        const float d0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
-
-        // Process 4 Q8_0 blocks
-        for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
-            const float d1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i*4 + k].d);
-
-            int sumi = 0;
-            for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
-                const int bit_index = k * QK8_0 + j;
-                const int byte_index = bit_index / 8;
-                const int bit_offset = bit_index % 8;
-
-                const int xi = ((x[i].qs[byte_index] >> bit_offset) & 1) ? 1 : -1;
-                sumi += xi * y[i*4 + k].qs[j];
-            }
-            sumf += d0 * d1 * sumi;
-        }
-    }
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
 #endif
-
-    *s = sumf;
 }
 
 

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/x86/quants.c

@@ -274,6 +274,18 @@ static inline __m256 quad_mx_delta_float(const uint8_t x0, const float y0, const
 }
 #endif
 #elif defined(__SSSE3__)
+static inline __m128i bytes_from_bits_16(const uint8_t * x) {
+    uint16_t x16;
+    memcpy(&x16, x, sizeof(uint16_t));
+
+    const __m128i shuf_mask = _mm_set_epi64x(0x0101010101010101, 0x0000000000000000);
+    __m128i bytes = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm_set1_epi16((short) x16), shuf_mask);
+    const __m128i bit_mask = _mm_set_epi64x(0x7fbfdfeff7fbfdfe, 0x7fbfdfeff7fbfdfe);
+    bytes = _mm_or_si128(bytes, bit_mask);
+
+    return _mm_cmpeq_epi8(bytes, _mm_set1_epi64x(-1));
+}
+
 // horizontally add 4x4 floats
 static inline float hsum_float_4x4(const __m128 a, const __m128 b, const __m128 c, const __m128 d) {
     __m128 res_0 =_mm_hadd_ps(a, b);
@@ -540,6 +552,152 @@ static inline __m128i get_scale_shuffle(int i) {
 }
 #endif
 
+void ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    const int qk = QK1_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_q1_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+#if defined(__AVX2__)
+    const __m256i ones_8 = _mm256_set1_epi8(1);
+    const __m256i ones_16 = _mm256_set1_epi16(1);
+    const __m256i byte_shuf = _mm256_setr_epi8(
+            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+            2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3);
+    const __m256i bit_masks = _mm256_setr_epi8(
+            1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, (char) -128, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, (char) -128,
+            1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, (char) -128, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, (char) -128);
+    const __m256i zero = _mm256_setzero_si256();
+    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+
+    for (int ib = 0; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        const float d0 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
+        const uint32_t * GGML_RESTRICT qs32 = (const uint32_t *) x[ib].qs;
+        const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y_ptr = &y[ib * 4];
+
+        __m256 acc_block;
+        {
+            const __m256i qy = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *) y_ptr[0].qs);
+            const __m256i sm = _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(
+                    _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_set1_epi32((int) qs32[0]), byte_shuf), bit_masks), zero);
+            const __m256i sy = _mm256_sub_epi8(_mm256_xor_si256(qy, sm), sm);
+            const __m256i s32 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(ones_8, sy), ones_16);
+            acc_block = _mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y_ptr[0].d)), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(s32));
+        }
+        for (int K = 1; K < 4; ++K) {
+            const __m256i qy = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *) y_ptr[K].qs);
+            const __m256i sm = _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(
+                    _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_set1_epi32((int) qs32[K]), byte_shuf), bit_masks), zero);
+            const __m256i sy = _mm256_sub_epi8(_mm256_xor_si256(qy, sm), sm);
+            const __m256i s32 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_maddubs_epi16(ones_8, sy), ones_16);
+            acc_block = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y_ptr[K].d)), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(s32), acc_block);
+        }
+        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d0), acc_block, acc);
+    }
+
+    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
+#elif defined(__AVX__)
+    const __m128i ones_8 = _mm_set1_epi8(1);
+    const __m128i ones_16 = _mm_set1_epi16(1);
+    const __m128i zero = _mm_setzero_si128();
+    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();
+
+    for (int ib = 0; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        const float d0 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
+        const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y_ptr = &y[ib * 4];
+        __m256 acc_block;
+        {
+            const __m256i bit_mask = bytes_from_bits_32(&x[ib].qs[0]);
+            const __m128i bit_mask_0 = _mm256_castsi256_si128(bit_mask);
+            const __m128i bit_mask_1 = _mm256_extractf128_si256(bit_mask, 1);
+            const __m128i qy_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *) &y_ptr[0].qs[0]);
+            const __m128i qy_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *) &y_ptr[0].qs[16]);
+            const __m128i sign_mask_0 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(bit_mask_0, zero);
+            const __m128i sign_mask_1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(bit_mask_1, zero);
+            const __m128i sy_0 = _mm_sub_epi8(_mm_xor_si128(qy_0, sign_mask_0), sign_mask_0);
+            const __m128i sy_1 = _mm_sub_epi8(_mm_xor_si128(qy_1, sign_mask_1), sign_mask_1);
+            const __m128i sum16_0 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(ones_8, sy_0);
+            const __m128i sum16_1 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(ones_8, sy_1);
+            const __m128i sum32_0 = _mm_madd_epi16(sum16_0, ones_16);
+            const __m128i sum32_1 = _mm_madd_epi16(sum16_1, ones_16);
+            const __m256 q = _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(sum32_1, sum32_0));
+            acc_block = _mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y_ptr[0].d)), q);
+        }
+        for(int K = 1; K < 4; ++K) {
+            const __m256i bit_mask = bytes_from_bits_32(&x[ib].qs[(K) * 4]);
+            const __m128i bit_mask_0 = _mm256_castsi256_si128(bit_mask);
+            const __m128i bit_mask_1 = _mm256_extractf128_si256(bit_mask, 1);
+            const __m128i qy_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *) &y_ptr[(K)].qs[0]);
+            const __m128i qy_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *) &y_ptr[(K)].qs[16]);
+            const __m128i sign_mask_0 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(bit_mask_0, zero);
+            const __m128i sign_mask_1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(bit_mask_1, zero);
+            const __m128i sy_0 = _mm_sub_epi8(_mm_xor_si128(qy_0, sign_mask_0), sign_mask_0);
+            const __m128i sy_1 = _mm_sub_epi8(_mm_xor_si128(qy_1, sign_mask_1), sign_mask_1);
+            const __m128i sum16_0 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(ones_8, sy_0);
+            const __m128i sum16_1 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(ones_8, sy_1);
+            const __m128i sum32_0 = _mm_madd_epi16(sum16_0, ones_16);
+            const __m128i sum32_1 = _mm_madd_epi16(sum16_1, ones_16);
+            const __m256 q = _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(sum32_1, sum32_0));
+            acc_block = _mm256_add_ps(acc_block, _mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y_ptr[(K)].d)), q));
+        }
+#undef Q1_AVX_BLOCK
+
+        acc = _mm256_add_ps(acc, _mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d0), acc_block));
+    }
+
+    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
+#elif defined(__SSSE3__)
+    const __m128i ones_8 = _mm_set1_epi8(1);
+    const __m128i ones_16 = _mm_set1_epi16(1);
+    const __m128i zero = _mm_setzero_si128();
+    __m128 acc_0 = _mm_setzero_ps();
+    __m128 acc_1 = _mm_setzero_ps();
+    __m128 acc_2 = _mm_setzero_ps();
+    __m128 acc_3 = _mm_setzero_ps();
+
+    for (int ib = 0; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        const __m128 d0 = _mm_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d));
+        const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y_ptr = &y[ib * 4];
+
+#define Q1_SSSE3_BLOCK(QS_OFF, Y_IDX, ACC) \
+        { \
+            const __m128i bit_mask_0 = bytes_from_bits_16(&x[ib].qs[(QS_OFF) + 0]); \
+            const __m128i bit_mask_1 = bytes_from_bits_16(&x[ib].qs[(QS_OFF) + 2]); \
+            const __m128i qy_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *) &y_ptr[(Y_IDX)].qs[0]); \
+            const __m128i qy_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *) &y_ptr[(Y_IDX)].qs[16]); \
+            const __m128i sign_mask_0 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(bit_mask_0, zero); \
+            const __m128i sign_mask_1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(bit_mask_1, zero); \
+            const __m128i sy_0 = _mm_sub_epi8(_mm_xor_si128(qy_0, sign_mask_0), sign_mask_0); \
+            const __m128i sy_1 = _mm_sub_epi8(_mm_xor_si128(qy_1, sign_mask_1), sign_mask_1); \
+            const __m128i sum_0 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_maddubs_epi16(ones_8, sy_0), ones_16); \
+            const __m128i sum_1 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_maddubs_epi16(ones_8, sy_1), ones_16); \
+            const __m128 q = _mm_cvtepi32_ps(_mm_add_epi32(sum_0, sum_1)); \
+            (ACC) = _mm_add_ps((ACC), _mm_mul_ps(_mm_mul_ps(d0, _mm_set1_ps(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y_ptr[(Y_IDX)].d))), q)); \
+        }
+        Q1_SSSE3_BLOCK(0,  0, acc_0)
+        Q1_SSSE3_BLOCK(4,  1, acc_1)
+        Q1_SSSE3_BLOCK(8,  2, acc_2)
+        Q1_SSSE3_BLOCK(12, 3, acc_3)
+#undef Q1_SSSE3_BLOCK
+    }
+
+    *s = hsum_float_4x4(acc_0, acc_1, acc_2, acc_3);
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
 void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
     const int qk = QK8_0;
     const int nb = n / qk;

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/quants.c

@@ -137,22 +137,28 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q1_0_q8_0_generic(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, c
     float sumf = 0.0;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        const float d0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
+        const float d0 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
 
         float sumi = 0.0f;
 
         for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
-            const float d1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i*4 + k].d);
-
+            const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT yb = &y[i * 4 + k];
+            const float d1 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(yb->d);
             int sumi_block = 0;
 
-            for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
-                const int bit_index = k * QK8_0 + j;
-                const int byte_index = bit_index / 8;
-                const int bit_offset = bit_index % 8;
+            const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT bits = &x[i].qs[k * 4];
+            const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT qy   = yb->qs;
 
-                const int xi = ((x[i].qs[byte_index] >> bit_offset) & 1) ? 1 : -1;
-                sumi_block += xi * y[i*4 + k].qs[j];
+            for (int b = 0; b < 4; ++b, qy += 8) {
+                const unsigned mask = bits[b];
+                sumi_block += ((mask & 0x01) ? qy[0] : -qy[0])
+                           +  ((mask & 0x02) ? qy[1] : -qy[1])
+                           +  ((mask & 0x04) ? qy[2] : -qy[2])
+                           +  ((mask & 0x08) ? qy[3] : -qy[3])
+                           +  ((mask & 0x10) ? qy[4] : -qy[4])
+                           +  ((mask & 0x20) ? qy[5] : -qy[5])
+                           +  ((mask & 0x40) ? qy[6] : -qy[6])
+                           +  ((mask & 0x80) ? qy[7] : -qy[7]);
             }
 
             sumi += d1 * sumi_block;

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu

@@ -368,15 +368,21 @@ struct ggml_cuda_pool_leg : public ggml_cuda_pool {
     }
 
     ~ggml_cuda_pool_leg() {
+        clear_pool();
+        GGML_ASSERT(pool_size == 0);
+    }
+
+    void clear_pool() {
         ggml_cuda_set_device(device);
         for (int i = 0; i < MAX_BUFFERS; ++i) {
             ggml_cuda_buffer & b = buffer_pool[i];
             if (b.ptr != nullptr) {
                 CUDA_CHECK(cudaFree(b.ptr));
                 pool_size -= b.size;
+                b.ptr  = nullptr;
+                b.size = 0;
             }
         }
-        GGML_ASSERT(pool_size == 0);
     }
 
     void * alloc(size_t size, size_t * actual_size) override {
@@ -421,7 +427,20 @@ struct ggml_cuda_pool_leg : public ggml_cuda_pool {
         size_t look_ahead_size = (size_t) (1.05 * size);
         look_ahead_size = 256 * ((look_ahead_size + 255)/256);
         ggml_cuda_set_device(device);
-        CUDA_CHECK(ggml_cuda_device_malloc(&ptr, look_ahead_size, device));
+        cudaError_t err = ggml_cuda_device_malloc(&ptr, look_ahead_size, device);
+        if (err == cudaErrorMemoryAllocation) {
+            (void)cudaGetLastError();
+            const size_t cached_bytes = pool_size;
+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG(GGML_CUDA_NAME " pool[%d]: alloc of %.2f MiB failed, flushing %.2f MiB of cached buffers and retrying\n",
+                           device, look_ahead_size/1024.0/1024.0, cached_bytes/1024.0/1024.0);
+            CUDA_CHECK(cudaDeviceSynchronize());
+            clear_pool();
+            err = ggml_cuda_device_malloc(&ptr, look_ahead_size, device);
+            if (err == cudaSuccess) {
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG(GGML_CUDA_NAME " pool[%d]: retry succeeded\n", device);
+            }
+        }
+        CUDA_CHECK(err);
         *actual_size = look_ahead_size;
         pool_size += look_ahead_size;
 #ifdef DEBUG_CUDA_MALLOC
@@ -1203,6 +1222,13 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_comm_allreduce_tensor(void * comm_ctx_v, struct gg
     // For small tensors, simply reduce them as FP32.
     // The following heuristic for how "small" a tensor should be is based on RTX 4090s connected via 16x PCIe 4.0.
     if ((n_backends <= 2 && ne < 32768) || (n_backends == 3 && ne < 131072) || (n_backends >= 4 && ne < 262144)) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_backends; ++i) {
+            if ((tensors[i]->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) == 0) {
+                ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx = (ggml_backend_cuda_context *) comm_ctx->backends[i]->context;
+                ggml_cuda_set_device(cuda_ctx->device);
+                CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemsetAsync(tensors[i]->data, 0, ggml_nbytes(tensors[i]), cuda_ctx->stream()));
+            }
+        }
         NCCL_CHECK(ncclGroupStart());
         for (size_t i = 0; i < n_backends; ++i) {
             ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx = (ggml_backend_cuda_context *) comm_ctx->backends[i]->context;
@@ -1224,7 +1250,11 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_comm_allreduce_tensor(void * comm_ctx_v, struct gg
         tmp[i].alloc(ne);
 
         ggml_cuda_set_device(cuda_ctx->device);
-        to_bf16(tensors[i]->data, tmp[i].get(), ne, cuda_ctx->stream());
+        if (tensors[i]->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) {
+            to_bf16(tensors[i]->data, tmp[i].get(), ne, cuda_ctx->stream());
+        } else {
+            CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemsetAsync(tmp[i].get(), 0, ne * sizeof(nv_bfloat16), cuda_ctx->stream()));
+        }
         CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetLastError());
     }
 
@@ -3562,6 +3592,30 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_can_fuse(const struct ggml_cgraph *                cgraph,
         return true;
     }
 
+    if (ops.size() == 2 && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_UNARY && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_SQR
+     && unary_ops.size() == 1 && unary_ops.begin()[0] == GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU) {
+        const ggml_tensor * unary = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor * sqr   = cgraph->nodes[node_idx+1];
+
+        if (ggml_get_unary_op(unary) != GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (unary->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && unary->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (unary->type != sqr->type) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!ggml_is_contiguous(unary->src[0])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
     if (ops.size() == 3 && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_SCALE && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_UNARY && ops.begin()[2] == GGML_OP_SCALE
      && unary_ops.size() == 1 && unary_ops.begin()[0] == GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH) {
         const ggml_tensor *scale  = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
@@ -4070,6 +4124,12 @@ static void ggml_cuda_graph_evaluate_and_capture(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cud
                         continue;
                     }
 
+                    if (ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_UNARY, GGML_OP_SQR }, { GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU })) {
+                        ggml_cuda_op_relu_sqr(*cuda_ctx, node, cgraph->nodes[i+1]);
+                        i++;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
                     if (ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_SCALE, GGML_OP_UNARY, GGML_OP_SCALE }, { GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH })) {
                         i += 2;
                         ggml_cuda_op_softcap(*cuda_ctx, cgraph->nodes[i], node);

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cu

@@ -65,6 +65,11 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_sqr(float x) {
     return x * x;
 }
 
+static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_relu_sqr(float x) {
+    const float r = fmaxf(x, 0.0f);
+    return r * r;
+}
+
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_sqrt(float x) {
     return sqrtf(x);
 }
@@ -615,3 +620,21 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_unary_mul(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * unary
             GGML_ABORT("Unsupported unary op for fused unary+mul");
     }
 }
+
+/* fused relu + sqr */
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_relu_sqr(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * relu_node, ggml_tensor * sqr_node) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src = relu_node->src[0];
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src));
+    GGML_ASSERT(src->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || src->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src->type == sqr_node->type);
+
+    const int k = ggml_nelements(src);
+    if (src->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        unary_cuda<op_relu_sqr>((const half *)src->data, (half *)sqr_node->data, k, stream);
+    } else {
+        unary_cuda<op_relu_sqr>((const float *)src->data, (float *)sqr_node->data, k, stream);
+    }
+}

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cuh

@@ -91,6 +91,8 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_xielu(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_unary_mul(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * unary_node, ggml_tensor * mul_node);
 
+void ggml_cuda_op_relu_sqr(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * relu_node, ggml_tensor * sqr_node);
+
 __device__ __forceinline__ float ggml_cuda_op_silu_single(float x) {
     return x / (1.0f + expf(-x));
 }

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/hip.h

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 #define cudaDeviceProp hipDeviceProp_t
 #define cudaDeviceSynchronize hipDeviceSynchronize
 #define cudaError_t hipError_t
+#define cudaErrorMemoryAllocation hipErrorOutOfMemory
 #define cudaErrorPeerAccessAlreadyEnabled hipErrorPeerAccessAlreadyEnabled
 #define cudaErrorPeerAccessNotEnabled hipErrorPeerAccessNotEnabled
 #define cudaEventCreateWithFlags hipEventCreateWithFlags

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/musa.h

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #define cudaDeviceProp musaDeviceProp
 #define cudaDeviceSynchronize musaDeviceSynchronize
 #define cudaError_t musaError_t
+#define cudaErrorMemoryAllocation musaErrorMemoryAllocation
 #define cudaErrorPeerAccessAlreadyEnabled musaErrorPeerAccessAlreadyEnabled
 #define cudaErrorPeerAccessNotEnabled musaErrorPeerAccessNotEnabled
 #define cudaEventCreateWithFlags musaEventCreateWithFlags

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/ggml-hexagon.cpp

@@ -12,9 +12,12 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iomanip>
 #include <unordered_set>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <regex>
+#include <queue>
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #    include <sal.h>
@@ -41,18 +44,26 @@
 #include "htp_iface.h"
 #include "htp-drv.h"
 
+using intvec  = std::vector<int>;
+using uintvec = std::vector<unsigned int>;
+using u32vec  = std::vector<uint32_t>;
+
 static size_t opt_ndev         = 1;
 static size_t opt_nhvx         = 0; // use all
 static int    opt_arch         = 0; // autodetect
 static int    opt_etm          = 0;
 static int    opt_verbose      = 0;
-static int    opt_profile      = 0;
+static int    opt_profile      = 0; // profiling mode (0-disabled, 1-basic, 2-pmu)
 static int    opt_hostbuf      = 1; // hostbuf ON by default
 static int    opt_use_hmx      = 1; // when set, enable HMX; when 0, use HVX only
 
+// Default PMU events, if profiling with PMU (mode=2) is enabled
+// See https://docs.qualcomm.com/doc/80-N2040-60/topic/pmu-events.html
+//     https://docs.qualcomm.com/doc/80-N2040-61/topic/hvx-pmu-events.html
+static u32vec opt_pmu_evt { 0x3, 0x111, 0x100, 0x105, 0x240, 0x256, 0x7D, 0x8C };
+
 // Enable all stages by default
-static int opt_opmask   = HTP_OPMASK_QUEUE | HTP_OPMASK_COMPUTE;
-static int opt_opsync   = 0;  // synchronous ops
+static int opt_opstage  = HTP_OPSTAGE_QUEUE | HTP_OPSTAGE_COMPUTE;
 static int opt_opbatch  = 1024; // max number of ops in a batch
 static int opt_opqueue  = 16;   // max number of pending batches
 static std::regex* opt_opfilter = NULL; // regex of ops to not claim
@@ -104,19 +115,26 @@ static void ggml_hexagon_dump_op_supp(const std::string &sess_name, const struct
 }
 
 static void ggml_hexagon_dump_op_prof(const std::string &sess_name, const ggml_tensor * op,
-                                      uint32_t op_usec, uint32_t op_cycles, uint32_t op_pkts, uint64_t call_usec) {
+                                      uint32_t op_usec, uint32_t op_cycles, const uint32_t pmu[]) {
     if (!opt_profile) return;
 
     op_desc desc(op);
-    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml-hex: %s profile-op %s: %s : %s : %s : %s : %s : op-usec %u op-cycles %u op-pkts %u (%f) call-usec %llu\n", sess_name.c_str(),
-                ggml_op_desc(op), desc.names, desc.dims, desc.types, desc.strides, desc.buffs,
-                op_usec, op_cycles, op_pkts, (float) op_cycles / op_pkts, (unsigned long long) call_usec);
+
+    char pmu_str[256] = "";
+    if (opt_profile > 1) {
+        static_assert(HTP_PROF_PMU_NCNT == 8, "current implementation assumes 8 PMU counters");
+        sprintf(pmu_str, " pmu [%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u,%u]",
+                pmu[0], pmu[1], pmu[2], pmu[3], pmu[4], pmu[5], pmu[6], pmu[7]);
+    }
+
+    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml-hex: %s profile-op %s: %s : %s : %s : %s : usec %u cycles %u%s\n", sess_name.c_str(),
+            ggml_op_desc(op), desc.names, desc.dims, desc.types, desc.strides, op_usec, op_cycles, pmu_str);
 }
 
 // ** backend sessions
 
 struct ggml_hexagon_opbatch;
-struct ggml_hexagon_opshm;
+struct ggml_hexagon_opqueue;
 
 struct ggml_hexagon_session {
     std::string      name;
@@ -132,8 +150,8 @@ struct ggml_hexagon_session {
     bool             valid_iface;
 
     std::atomic<int>      op_pending;
-    ggml_hexagon_opbatch *op_batch;
-    ggml_hexagon_opshm   *op_shm;
+    ggml_hexagon_opbatch* op_batch;
+    ggml_hexagon_opqueue* op_queue;
 
     ggml_backend_buffer_type buffer_type        = {};
     ggml_backend_buffer_type repack_buffer_type = {};
@@ -1521,65 +1539,14 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_type_i ggml_backend_hexagon_repack_buffer_type_interf
 
 // Backend session implementation
 
-struct ggml_hexagon_opshm {
-    ggml_hexagon_shared_buffer *sbuf;
-
-    std::vector<bool> block_mask;
-    size_t            block_size;
-
-    uint8_t * base()     const { return this->sbuf->base; }
-    int       fd()       const { return this->sbuf->fd;   }
-    size_t    n_blocks() const { return this->block_mask.size(); }
-
-    ggml_hexagon_opshm(ggml_hexagon_session *sess, size_t max_batch, size_t max_pending) {
-        size_t n_bufs    = HTP_OP_MAX_BUFS;
-        size_t n_ops     = max_batch;
-        size_t n_tensors = n_ops + n_ops * HTP_OP_MAX_INPUTS;
-
-        block_mask.resize(max_pending, true);
-
-        block_size = sizeof(htp_buf_desc) * n_bufs    +
-                     sizeof(htp_tensor)   * n_tensors +
-                     sizeof(htp_op_desc)  * n_ops;
-
-        sbuf = new ggml_hexagon_shared_buffer(sess, block_size * block_mask.size(), true /* pinned */);
-
-        if (opt_verbose) {
-            GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml-hex: %s allocated shared buf %zu : block-size %zu max-batch %zu max-pending %zu\n",
-                    sess->c_name(), (size_t) sbuf->size, block_size, max_batch, max_pending);
-        }
-    }
-
-    ~ggml_hexagon_opshm() {
-        delete sbuf;
-    }
-
-    uint8_t * allocate() {
-        auto it = std::find(block_mask.begin(), block_mask.end(), true);
-        if (it == block_mask.end())
-            return nullptr;
-
-        unsigned int i = std::distance(block_mask.begin(), it);
-        uint8_t*  addr = sbuf->base + (i * block_size);
-        block_mask[i]  = false;
-
-        HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: %s allocated op shm #%u %p\n", sbuf->sess->c_name(), i, (void*) addr);
-        return addr;
-    }
-
-    void release(uint8_t * addr) {
-        int i = (addr - sbuf->base) / block_size;
-        block_mask[i] = true;
-        HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: %s released op shm #%u %p\n", sbuf->sess->c_name(), i, (void*) addr);
-    }
-};
-
 struct ggml_hexagon_opbatch {
-    const char* name;
+    ggml_hexagon_session*            sess;
 
-    std::vector<htp_buf_desc> buffers;
-    std::vector<htp_tensor>   tensors;
-    std::vector<htp_op_desc>  ops;
+    std::vector<const ggml_tensor*>  ops;       // pointers to original ops
+
+    std::vector<htp_buf_desc>        h_bufs;    // htp buffer descriptors
+    std::vector<htp_tensor>          h_tens;    // htp tensor descriptors
+    std::vector<htp_op_desc>         h_ops;     // htp op descriptors
 
     std::unordered_map<int, int>                b_map; // buffer fd   to index
     std::unordered_map<const ggml_tensor*, int> t_map; // tensor ptr  to index
@@ -1606,19 +1573,21 @@ struct ggml_hexagon_opbatch {
         d_map.clear();
     }
 
-    ggml_hexagon_opbatch(ggml_hexagon_session *sess, size_t max_batch) {
-        name = sess->c_name();
+    ggml_hexagon_opbatch(ggml_hexagon_session *sess, size_t batch_size) {
+        this->sess = sess;
 
         n_bufs_max = HTP_OP_MAX_BUFS;
-        n_ops_max  = max_batch;
+        n_ops_max  = batch_size;
         n_tens_max = n_ops_max + n_ops_max * HTP_OP_MAX_INPUTS;
 
         b_vmem_max = HTP_OP_MAX_VMEM;
 
-        buffers.resize(n_bufs_max);
-        tensors.resize(n_tens_max);
         ops.resize(n_ops_max);
 
+        h_bufs.resize(n_bufs_max);
+        h_tens.resize(n_tens_max);
+        h_ops.resize(n_ops_max);
+
         b_map.reserve(n_bufs_max);
         t_map.reserve(n_tens_max);
         d_map.reserve(n_tens_max);
@@ -1640,7 +1609,7 @@ struct ggml_hexagon_opbatch {
 
         b_map.insert({sbuf->fd, bi});
 
-        htp_buf_desc &b = buffers[bi];
+        htp_buf_desc &b = h_bufs[bi];
         b.base = (uint64_t) sbuf->base;
         b.fd   = sbuf->fd;
         b.size = sbuf->size;
@@ -1664,7 +1633,7 @@ struct ggml_hexagon_opbatch {
         // First lookup by tensor data
         auto range = d_map.equal_range(t->data);
         for (auto it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it) {
-            htp_tensor * h = &tensors[it->second];
+            htp_tensor * h = &h_tens[it->second];
             if (same_shape(h, t)) { return it->second; }
         }
 
@@ -1682,7 +1651,7 @@ struct ggml_hexagon_opbatch {
         uint64_t t_offset = (uint8_t *) t->data - sbuf->base;
         size_t   t_size   = ggml_nbytes(t);
 
-        htp_tensor &h = tensors[ti];
+        htp_tensor &h = h_tens[ti];
         h.bi    = add_buffer(sbuf);
         h.data  = t_offset;
         h.size  = t_size;
@@ -1737,65 +1706,170 @@ struct ggml_hexagon_opbatch {
     // assumes that fit_op() was called first and returned true
     void add_op(htp_op_code opcode, const struct ggml_tensor * t) {
         // Add new op
-        htp_op_desc &o = ops[n_ops++];
+
+        unsigned int n = n_ops++;
         GGML_ASSERT(n_ops <= n_ops_max);
 
+        ops[n] = t;
+
+        htp_op_desc &o = h_ops[n];
         memcpy(&o.params, &t->op_params, sizeof(t->op_params));
         o.opcode = opcode;
         o.flags  = 0;
 
-        if (!(opt_opmask & HTP_OPMASK_COMPUTE)) {
+        if (!(opt_opstage & HTP_OPSTAGE_COMPUTE)) {
             o.flags |= HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE;
         }
 
-        ggml_hexagon_dump_op_exec(name, t, o.flags);
+        ggml_hexagon_dump_op_exec(sess->c_name(), t, o.flags);
 
         for (unsigned int i=0; i < HTP_OP_MAX_INPUTS; i++) {
             o.src[i] = t->src[i] ? add_tensor(t->src[i]) : 0xffff;
         }
         o.dst = add_tensor(t);
     }
+};
 
-    size_t flush(uint8_t * mem_addr, size_t mem_size) {
-        static_assert(sizeof(htp_buf_desc) % 8 == 0, "sizeof(htp_buf_desc) must be multiple of 8");
-        static_assert(sizeof(htp_tensor)   % 8 == 0, "sizeof(htp_tensor) must be multiple of 8");
-        static_assert(sizeof(htp_op_desc)  % 8 == 0, "sizeof(htp_op_desc) must be multiple of 8");
+struct ggml_hexagon_opqueue {
+    // Shared buffer for storing batches
+    ggml_hexagon_shared_buffer *shm_buf;
+    size_t                      shm_blk_size;
 
-        const size_t b_size = sizeof(htp_buf_desc) * n_bufs;
-        const size_t t_size = sizeof(htp_tensor)   * n_tens;
-        const size_t o_size = sizeof(htp_op_desc)  * n_ops;
+    using opvec = std::vector<const ggml_tensor*>;
 
-        const size_t m_size = b_size + t_size + o_size;
-        GGML_ASSERT(m_size <= mem_size);
+    std::queue<unsigned int>    done;       // completed batch ids
+    std::vector<opvec>          op_cache;   // per batch op cache
+    std::vector<uint64_t>       start_usec; // per batch start time
 
-        uint8_t * b_ptr = (uint8_t *) mem_addr;
-        uint8_t * t_ptr = (uint8_t *) b_ptr + b_size;
-        uint8_t * o_ptr = (uint8_t *) t_ptr + t_size;
+    ggml_hexagon_opqueue(ggml_hexagon_session *sess, size_t batch_size, size_t depth) {
+        size_t n_bufs    = HTP_OP_MAX_BUFS;
+        size_t n_ops     = batch_size;
+        size_t n_tensors = n_ops + n_ops * HTP_OP_MAX_INPUTS;
 
-        memcpy(b_ptr, (void *) buffers.data(), b_size);
-        memcpy(t_ptr, (void *) tensors.data(), t_size);
-        memcpy(o_ptr, (void *) ops.data(),     o_size);
+        shm_blk_size = sizeof(htp_buf_desc)  * n_bufs    +
+                       sizeof(htp_tensor)    * n_tensors +
+                       sizeof(htp_op_desc)   * n_ops     +
+                       sizeof(htp_prof_desc) * n_ops;
 
-        HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: %s flush-opbatch : n-bufs %u n-tensors %u n-ops %u vmem %zu : b-size %zu t-size %zu o-size %zu\n",
-                name, n_bufs, n_tens, n_ops, b_vmem, b_size, t_size, o_size);
+        shm_buf = new ggml_hexagon_shared_buffer(sess, shm_blk_size * depth, true /* pinned */);
+
+        op_cache.resize(depth);
+        start_usec.resize(depth, 0);
+
+        // init done queue
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < depth; i++) { done.push(i); }
+
+        if (opt_verbose) {
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml-hex: %s allocated op-queue : batch-size %zu depth %zu shm-size %zu shm-block-size %zu\n",
+                    sess->c_name(), batch_size, depth, shm_buf->size, shm_blk_size);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~ggml_hexagon_opqueue() {
+        delete shm_buf;
+    }
+
+    // push new batch
+    bool push(htp_opbatch_req& req, dspqueue_buffer& dbuf, ggml_hexagon_opbatch* op_batch) {
+        static_assert(sizeof(htp_opbatch_req) % 8 == 0, "sizeof(htp_opbatch_req) must be multiple of 8");
+        static_assert(sizeof(htp_opbatch_rsp) % 8 == 0, "sizeof(htp_opbatch_rsp) must be multiple of 8");
+        static_assert(sizeof(htp_buf_desc)    % 8 == 0, "sizeof(htp_buf_desc) must be multiple of 8");
+        static_assert(sizeof(htp_tensor)      % 8 == 0, "sizeof(htp_tensor) must be multiple of 8");
+        static_assert(sizeof(htp_op_desc)     % 8 == 0, "sizeof(htp_op_desc) must be multiple of 8");
+        static_assert(sizeof(htp_prof_desc)   % 8 == 0, "sizeof(htp_prof_desc) must be multiple of 8");
+
+        if (done.empty()) { return false; }
+
+        req.id        = done.front(); done.pop(); // batch id
+        req.n_bufs    = op_batch->n_bufs;
+        req.n_tensors = op_batch->n_tens;
+        req.n_ops     = op_batch->n_ops;
+
+        op_cache[req.id]   = op_batch->ops;
+        start_usec[req.id] = ggml_time_us();
+
+        const size_t b_size = sizeof(htp_buf_desc)  * req.n_bufs;
+        const size_t t_size = sizeof(htp_tensor)    * req.n_tensors;
+        const size_t o_size = sizeof(htp_op_desc)   * req.n_ops;
+        const size_t p_size = sizeof(htp_prof_desc) * req.n_ops;
+
+        dbuf.ptr      = shm_buf->base + (req.id * shm_blk_size);
+        dbuf.fd       = shm_buf->fd;
+        dbuf.flags    = DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER | DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT;
+        dbuf.offset   = (uint8_t*) dbuf.ptr - (uint8_t*) shm_buf->base;
+        dbuf.size     = b_size + t_size + o_size + p_size;
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(dbuf.size <= shm_blk_size);
+
+        uint8_t * m_ptr = (uint8_t*) dbuf.ptr;
+        uint8_t * b_ptr = m_ptr; m_ptr += b_size;
+        uint8_t * t_ptr = m_ptr; m_ptr += t_size;
+        uint8_t * o_ptr = m_ptr;
+
+        memcpy(b_ptr, (void *) op_batch->h_bufs.data(), b_size);
+        memcpy(t_ptr, (void *) op_batch->h_tens.data(), t_size);
+        memcpy(o_ptr, (void *) op_batch->h_ops.data(),  o_size);
+
+        HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: %s op-queue push batch #%u : n-bufs %u n-tensors %u n-ops %u vmem %zu : b-size %zu t-size %zu o-size %zu m-size %zu\n",
+                shm_buf->sess->c_name(), req.id, req.n_bufs, req.n_tensors, req.n_ops, op_batch->b_vmem,
+                b_size, t_size, o_size, (size_t) dbuf.size);
+
+        op_batch->reset();
 
         if (opt_verbose > 1) {
             htp_buf_desc *b = (htp_buf_desc*) b_ptr;
-            for (unsigned int i=0; i < n_bufs; i++) {
-                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml-hex: %s htp-buf #%u : fd %d base %p size %zu\n", name, i,
+            for (unsigned int i=0; i < req.n_bufs; i++) {
+                GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml-hex: %s htp-buf #%u : fd %d base %p size %zu\n", shm_buf->sess->c_name(), i,
                             b[i].fd, (void *) b[i].base, (size_t) b[i].size);
             }
             htp_tensor *t = (htp_tensor*) t_ptr;
-            for (unsigned int i=0; i < n_tens; i++) {
+            for (unsigned int i=0; i < req.n_tensors; i++) {
                 GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml-hex: %s htp-tensor #%u : bi %u offset %u size %u : %zu:%zu:%zu:%zu\n",
-                            name, i, t[i].bi, t[i].data, t[i].size,
+                            shm_buf->sess->c_name(), i, t[i].bi, t[i].data, t[i].size,
                             (size_t) t[i].ne[0], (size_t) t[i].ne[1], (size_t) t[i].ne[2], (size_t) t[i].ne[3]);
             }
         }
 
-        reset();
+        return true;
+    }
 
-        return m_size;
+    void pop(htp_opbatch_rsp rsp, dspqueue_buffer dbuf) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(rsp.id < op_cache.size());
+
+        done.push(rsp.id);
+
+        const size_t b_size = sizeof(htp_buf_desc)  * rsp.n_bufs;
+        const size_t t_size = sizeof(htp_tensor)    * rsp.n_tensors;
+        const size_t o_size = sizeof(htp_op_desc)   * rsp.n_ops;
+        const size_t p_size = sizeof(htp_prof_desc) * rsp.n_ops;
+
+        const size_t m_size = b_size + t_size + o_size + p_size;
+        GGML_ASSERT(m_size <= shm_blk_size);
+
+        HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: %s op-queue pop batch #%u : n-bufs %u n-tensors %u n-ops %u : m-size %zu b-size %zu t-size %zu o-size %zu\n",
+                shm_buf->sess->c_name(), rsp.id, rsp.n_bufs, rsp.n_tensors, rsp.n_ops,
+                (size_t) dbuf.size, b_size, t_size, o_size);
+
+        uint8_t * m_ptr = (uint8_t*) dbuf.ptr;
+        uint8_t * p_ptr = m_ptr + (b_size + t_size + o_size);
+
+        if (opt_profile && rsp.n_ops > 0) {
+            auto & ops = op_cache[rsp.id];
+
+            uint64_t batch_usec = ggml_time_us() - start_usec[rsp.id];
+            uint32_t htp_usec   = 0;
+
+            GGML_ASSERT(rsp.n_ops <= ops.size());
+
+            const htp_prof_desc * pd = (const htp_prof_desc *) p_ptr;
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < rsp.n_ops; i++) {
+                htp_usec += pd[i].usecs;
+                ggml_hexagon_dump_op_prof(shm_buf->sess->name, ops[i], pd[i].usecs, pd[i].cycles, pd[i].pmu);
+            }
+
+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml-hex: %s profile-batch n-ops %u batch-dur-usec %lld htp-ops-usec %u\n",
+                           shm_buf->sess->c_name(), rsp.n_ops, (long long) batch_usec, htp_usec);
+        }
     }
 };
 
@@ -1824,17 +1898,12 @@ void ggml_hexagon_session::flush_pending(bool all) {
             GGML_ABORT("ggml-hex: %s dspcall : bad response : size %u dspbufs %u\n", this->c_name(), rsp_size, n_dbufs);
         }
 
-        op_shm->release((uint8_t*) dbuf.ptr);
-
         if (rsp.status != HTP_STATUS_OK) {
             GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: %s dspcall : dsp-rsp: %s\n", this->c_name(), status_to_str(rsp.status));
             // TODO: handle errors
         }
 
-        // FIXME: profile will be per opreq
-        // this->prof_usecs  = rsp.prof_usecs;
-        // this->prof_cycles = rsp.prof_cycles;
-        // this->prof_pkts   = rsp.prof_pkts;
+        op_queue->pop(rsp, dbuf);
 
         this->op_pending--;  // atomic dec
 
@@ -1845,28 +1914,17 @@ void ggml_hexagon_session::flush_pending(bool all) {
 void ggml_hexagon_session::flush_batch() {
     if (op_batch->empty()) { return; }
 
-    htp_opbatch_req req;
-    req.n_bufs    = op_batch->n_bufs;
-    req.n_tensors = op_batch->n_tens;
-    req.n_ops     = op_batch->n_ops;
+    htp_opbatch_req req {};
+    dspqueue_buffer dbuf{};
 
-    dspqueue_buffer dbuf;
-    dbuf.fd     = op_shm->fd();
-    dbuf.flags  = DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER | DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT;
-    dbuf.ptr    = op_shm->allocate();
-    if (!dbuf.ptr) {
+    if (!op_queue->push(req, dbuf, op_batch)) {
         flush_pending(false);
-        dbuf.ptr = op_shm->allocate();
+        op_queue->push(req, dbuf, op_batch);
     }
 
-    dbuf.offset = (uint8_t*) dbuf.ptr - (uint8_t*) op_shm->base();
-    dbuf.size   = op_batch->flush((uint8_t*) dbuf.ptr, op_shm->block_size);
-
     // Bump pending flag (cleared in the session::flush once we get the response)
     this->op_pending++;  // atomic inc
 
-    HEX_VERBOSE("ggml-hex: %s: queue-opbatch : %p size %u\n", this->c_name(), dbuf.ptr, dbuf.size);
-
     int err = dspqueue_write(this->queue, 0, 1, &dbuf, sizeof(req), (const uint8_t*) &req, DSPQUEUE_TIMEOUT);
     if (err != 0) {
         GGML_ABORT("ggml-hex: %s dspqueue_write failed: 0x%08x\n", this->c_name(), (unsigned) err);
@@ -2016,25 +2074,33 @@ void ggml_hexagon_session::allocate(int dev_id) noexcept(false) {
     }
 
     if (opt_etm) {
-        err = htp_iface_enable_etm(this->handle);
+        err = htp_iface_etm(this->handle, 1);
         if (err != 0) {
             GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: failed to enable ETM tracing: 0x%08x\n", (unsigned) err);
         }
     }
 
-    // Start the DSP-side service. We need to pass the queue ID to the
-    // DSP in a FastRPC call; the DSP side will import the queue and start
-    // listening for packets in a callback.
+    if (opt_profile) {
+        htp_iface_pmu_conf pmu_conf{};
+        std::copy(opt_pmu_evt.begin(), opt_pmu_evt.end(), pmu_conf.events);
+
+        err = htp_iface_profiler(this->handle, opt_profile, &pmu_conf);
+        if (err != 0) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: failed to enable profiling: 0x%08x\n", (unsigned) err);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Allocate buffers and state for op batching
+    this->op_batch = new ggml_hexagon_opbatch(this, opt_opbatch);
+    this->op_queue = new ggml_hexagon_opqueue(this, opt_opbatch, opt_opqueue);
+
+    // Start processing op batch requests
     err = htp_iface_start(this->handle, dev_id, this->queue_id, opt_nhvx, opt_use_hmx);
     if (err != 0) {
         GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: failed to start session: 0x%08x\n", (unsigned) err);
         throw std::runtime_error("ggml-hex: iface start failed (see log for details)");
     }
     this->valid_iface = true;
-
-    // Allocate buffers and state for op batching
-    this->op_batch = new ggml_hexagon_opbatch(this, opt_opbatch);
-    this->op_shm   = new ggml_hexagon_opshm(this, opt_opbatch, opt_opqueue);
 }
 
 void ggml_hexagon_session::release() noexcept(true) {
@@ -2043,7 +2109,7 @@ void ggml_hexagon_session::release() noexcept(true) {
     int err;
 
     delete this->op_batch;
-    delete this->op_shm;
+    delete this->op_queue;
 
     // Stop the DSP-side service and close the queue
     if (this->valid_iface) {
@@ -2054,12 +2120,20 @@ void ggml_hexagon_session::release() noexcept(true) {
     }
 
     if (opt_etm) {
-        err = htp_iface_disable_etm(this->handle);
+        err = htp_iface_etm(this->handle, 0);
         if (err != 0) {
             GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: warn : failed to disable ETM tracing: 0x%08x\n", (unsigned) err);
         }
     }
 
+    if (opt_profile) {
+        htp_iface_pmu_conf pmu_conf{};
+        err = htp_iface_profiler(this->handle, 0, &pmu_conf);
+        if (err != 0) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("ggml-hex: warn : failed to disable profiling: 0x%08x\n", (unsigned) err);
+        }
+    }
+
     if (this->valid_queue) {
         err = dspqueue_close(queue);
         if (err != 0) {
@@ -2077,7 +2151,7 @@ ggml_hexagon_session::ggml_hexagon_session(int dev_id, ggml_backend_dev_t dev) n
     repack_buffer_type.device = dev;
 
     op_batch = nullptr;
-    op_shm   = nullptr;
+    op_queue = nullptr;
 
     try {
         allocate(dev_id);
@@ -2596,6 +2670,62 @@ static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_cumsum(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * se
     return true;
 }
 
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_diag(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;
+
+    // diag only supports F32 currently
+    if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Input must have ne[1] == 1 (vector input)
+    if (src0->ne[1] != 1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Output must be square in first two dimensions
+    if (dst->ne[0] != dst->ne[1] || dst->ne[0] != src0->ne[0]) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(sess);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_solve_tri(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0]; // A
+    const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1]; // B
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst  = op;         // X
+
+    if (!src0 || !src1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (src0->ne[0] != src0->ne[1]) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (src0->ne[1] != src1->ne[1]) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (src0->ne[2] != src1->ne[2] || src0->ne[3] != src1->ne[3]) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (dst->ne[0] != src1->ne[0] || dst->ne[1] != src1->ne[1] || dst->ne[2] != src1->ne[2] || dst->ne[3] != src1->ne[3]) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(sess);
+    return true;
+}
+
 static const char * ggml_backend_hexagon_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
     auto sess = static_cast<ggml_hexagon_session *>(backend->context);
     return sess->c_name();
@@ -2632,7 +2762,9 @@ static htp_op_code op_remap_to_htp(const ggml_tensor * t) {
         case GGML_OP_ROPE:           return HTP_OP_ROPE;
         case GGML_OP_REPEAT:         return HTP_OP_REPEAT;
         case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:         return HTP_OP_CUMSUM;
-
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:           return HTP_OP_FILL;
+        case GGML_OP_DIAG:           return HTP_OP_DIAG;
+        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:      return HTP_OP_SOLVE_TRI;
         case GGML_OP_UNARY:
             switch (ggml_get_unary_op(t)) {
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU:     return HTP_OP_UNARY_SILU;
@@ -2673,7 +2805,7 @@ static ggml_status ggml_backend_hexagon_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, gg
 
     for (int i = 0; i < graph->n_nodes; ++i) {
         ggml_tensor * n = graph->nodes[i];
-        if (op_is_compute(n)) {
+        if (op_is_compute(n) && (opt_opstage & HTP_OPSTAGE_QUEUE)) {
             sess->enqueue_op(op_remap_to_htp(n), n);
         }
     }
@@ -3029,6 +3161,17 @@ static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_repeat(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * se
     return true;
 }
 
+static bool ggml_hexagon_supported_fill(const struct ggml_hexagon_session * sess, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    const struct ggml_tensor * dst = op;
+
+    if (dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(sess);
+    return true;
+}
+
 static bool ggml_backend_hexagon_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
     auto sess = static_cast<ggml_hexagon_session *>(dev->context);
 
@@ -3159,6 +3302,18 @@ static bool ggml_backend_hexagon_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, cons
             supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_cumsum(sess, op);
             break;
 
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_fill(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_DIAG:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_diag(sess, op);
+            break;
+
+        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+            supp = ggml_hexagon_supported_solve_tri(sess, op);
+            break;
+
         default:
             break;
     }
@@ -3294,6 +3449,26 @@ static void * ggml_backend_hexagon_get_proc_address(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, cons
     return NULL;
 }
 
+template<typename T> std::vector<T> str_to_vec(const char* str) {
+    std::stringstream ss(str);
+    std::vector<T> v;
+    std::string    t;
+
+    while (std::getline(ss, t, ',')) {
+        v.push_back(std::stoul(t, nullptr, 0));
+    }
+
+    return v;
+}
+
+template<typename T, int BASE=10> std::string vec_to_str(std::vector<T> v) {
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << std::setbase(BASE) << std::showbase;
+    for (auto i : v) { ss << i << ','; }
+    auto str = ss.str(); str.pop_back(); // drop last comma
+    return str;
+}
+
 static void ggml_hexagon_init(ggml_backend_reg * reg) {
     // Basic sanity checks to make sure definitions match
     static_assert((unsigned int) HTP_TYPE_Q4_0 == (unsigned int) GGML_TYPE_Q4_0,
@@ -3307,8 +3482,7 @@ static void ggml_hexagon_init(ggml_backend_reg * reg) {
 
     const char * str_verbose = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_VERBOSE");
     const char * str_hostbuf = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_HOSTBUF");
-    const char * str_opmask  = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_OPMASK");
-    const char * str_opsync  = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_OPSYNC");
+    const char * str_opstage = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_OPSTAGE");
     const char * str_opbatch = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_OPBATCH");
     const char * str_opqueue = getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_OPQUEUE");
     const char * str_opfilter= getenv("GGML_HEXAGON_OPFILTER");
@@ -3321,19 +3495,30 @@ static void ggml_hexagon_init(ggml_backend_reg * reg) {
 
     auto RE_ICASE = std::regex_constants::icase;
 
-    opt_opfilter     = str_opfilter     ? new std::regex(str_opfilter, RE_ICASE) : NULL;
-    opt_verbose      = str_verbose ? atoi(str_verbose) : 0;
-    opt_hostbuf      = str_hostbuf ? atoi(str_hostbuf) : opt_hostbuf;
-    opt_opmask       = str_opmask  ? strtoul(str_opmask, NULL, 0)  : opt_opmask;
-    opt_opsync       = str_opsync  ? atoi(str_opsync)              : opt_opsync;
-    opt_opbatch      = str_opbatch ? strtoul(str_opbatch, NULL, 0) : opt_opbatch;
-    opt_opqueue      = str_opqueue ? strtoul(str_opqueue, NULL, 0) : opt_opqueue;
-    opt_profile      = str_profile ? atoi(str_profile) : 0;
-    opt_etm          = str_etm     ? atoi(str_etm)     : 0;
-    opt_nhvx         = str_nhvx    ? strtoul(str_nhvx, NULL, 0) : opt_nhvx;
-    opt_use_hmx      = str_use_hmx ? atoi(str_use_hmx) : opt_use_hmx;
-    opt_ndev         = str_ndev    ? strtoul(str_ndev, NULL, 0) : opt_ndev;
-    opt_hostbuf      = str_hostbuf ? atoi(str_hostbuf) : opt_hostbuf;
+    opt_opfilter     = str_opfilter ? new std::regex(str_opfilter, RE_ICASE) : NULL;
+    opt_verbose      = str_verbose  ? atoi(str_verbose)             : 0;
+    opt_hostbuf      = str_hostbuf  ? atoi(str_hostbuf)             : opt_hostbuf;
+    opt_opstage      = str_opstage  ? strtoul(str_opstage, NULL, 0) : opt_opstage;
+    opt_opbatch      = str_opbatch  ? strtoul(str_opbatch, NULL, 0) : opt_opbatch;
+    opt_opqueue      = str_opqueue  ? strtoul(str_opqueue, NULL, 0) : opt_opqueue;
+    opt_etm          = str_etm      ? atoi(str_etm)                 : 0;
+    opt_nhvx         = str_nhvx     ? strtoul(str_nhvx, NULL, 0)    : opt_nhvx;
+    opt_use_hmx      = str_use_hmx  ? atoi(str_use_hmx)             : opt_use_hmx;
+    opt_ndev         = str_ndev     ? strtoul(str_ndev, NULL, 0)    : opt_ndev;
+    opt_hostbuf      = str_hostbuf  ? atoi(str_hostbuf)             : opt_hostbuf;
+
+    if (str_profile) {
+        opt_pmu_evt = [&]() -> std::vector<uint32_t> {
+            auto v  = str_to_vec<uint32_t>(str_profile);
+            switch (v.size()) {
+                case 1:  opt_profile = v[0]; return opt_pmu_evt; // mode with default pmu events
+                case 8:  opt_profile = 2;    return v;           // mode with custom  pmu events
+                default: opt_profile = 0;    return {};          // garbage input
+            }}();
+        if (opt_profile == 1) opt_pmu_evt = {};
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("ggml-hex: Profiling mode %u : pmu-evt [ %s ]\n", opt_profile,
+                vec_to_str<uint32_t, 16>(opt_pmu_evt).c_str());
+    }
 
     if (opt_ndev > GGML_HEXAGON_MAX_SESSIONS) {
         opt_ndev = GGML_HEXAGON_MAX_SESSIONS;

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ add_library(${HTP_LIB} SHARED
     argsort-ops.c
     ssm-conv.c
     cumsum-ops.c
+    fill-ops.c
+    diag-ops.c
+    solve-tri-ops.c
 )
 
 target_compile_definitions(${HTP_LIB} PRIVATE

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/diag-ops.c

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+#include "hvx-types.h"
+#include "hex-utils.h"
+#include "hvx-copy.h"
+#include "hex-dma.h"
+
+#define htp_diag_tensors_preamble                           \
+    const struct htp_tensor * restrict src0 = octx->src[0]; \
+    const struct htp_tensor * restrict dst  = octx->dst;    \
+                                                     \
+    const uint32_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];               \
+                                                     \
+    const uint32_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];                 \
+    const uint32_t ne1 = dst->ne[1];                 \
+                                                     \
+    const uint32_t nb02 = src0->nb[2];               \
+    const uint32_t nb03 = src0->nb[3];               \
+                                                     \
+    const uint32_t nb1 = dst->nb[1];                 \
+    const uint32_t nb2 = dst->nb[2];                 \
+    const uint32_t nb3 = dst->nb[3];
+
+struct htp_diag_context {
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx;
+    size_t          src_batch_size;
+    size_t          dst_row_size;
+    size_t          src_batch_size_aligned;
+    size_t          dst_row_size_aligned;
+    uint32_t        batches_per_thread;
+    uint32_t        total_batches;
+};
+
+#define htp_diag_preamble                                              \
+    struct htp_diag_context * dctx = (struct htp_diag_context *) data; \
+    struct htp_ops_context *  octx = dctx->octx;                       \
+    htp_diag_tensors_preamble;
+
+static inline void hvx_diag_row_f32(const float * restrict src, float * restrict dst,
+                                    uint32_t row_idx, uint32_t n) {
+    hvx_splat_f32_a((uint8_t *) dst, 0.0f, n);
+    dst[row_idx] = src[row_idx];
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Per thread worker: DMA src fetch, compute in VTCM, DMA dst writeback
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void diag_thread_f32_dma(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    htp_diag_preamble;
+    dma_queue * dma_queue = octx->ctx->dma[ith];
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const uint32_t ib0 = dctx->batches_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t ib1 = MIN(ib0 + dctx->batches_per_thread, dctx->total_batches);
+
+    if (ib0 >= ib1) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const size_t src_batch_size         = dctx->src_batch_size;
+    const size_t dst_row_size           = dctx->dst_row_size;
+    const size_t src_batch_size_aligned = dctx->src_batch_size_aligned;
+    const size_t dst_row_size_aligned   = dctx->dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+    const uint8_t * src_data = (const uint8_t *) src0->data;
+    uint8_t *       dst_data = (uint8_t *) dst->data;
+
+    // 1 src buffer + 1 dst row buffer per thread in VTCM
+    uint8_t * src_spad = octx->src0_spad.data + (ith * src_batch_size_aligned);
+    uint8_t * dst_spad = octx->dst_spad.data  + (ith * dst_row_size_aligned);
+
+    for (uint32_t ib = ib0; ib < ib1; ib++) {
+        const uint32_t i3 = ib / ne02;
+        const uint32_t i2 = ib % ne02;
+
+        const uint8_t * src_batch = src_data + i3 * nb03 + i2 * nb02;
+
+        // Fetch source vector into VTCM
+        dma_queue_push_ddr_to_vtcm(dma_queue,
+                                   dma_make_ptr(src_spad, src_batch),
+                                   src_batch_size_aligned, src_batch_size, 1);
+        dma_queue_flush(dma_queue);
+
+        const float * src_spad_f32 = (const float *) src_spad;
+        float       * dst_spad_f32 = (float *) dst_spad;
+
+        for (uint32_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) {
+            // Compute row in VTCM
+            hvx_diag_row_f32(src_spad_f32, dst_spad_f32, i1, ne0);
+
+            // Write completed row back to DDR
+            uint8_t * dst_row = dst_data + i3 * nb3 + i2 * nb2 + i1 * nb1;
+            dma_queue_push_vtcm_to_ddr(dma_queue,
+                                       dma_make_ptr(dst_row, dst_spad),
+                                       dst_row_size, dst_row_size_aligned, 1);
+            dma_queue_flush(dma_queue);
+        }
+    }
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "diag-f32-dma %d/%d: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u) -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n",
+         ith, nth, src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], ib0, ib1,
+         dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3],
+         (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Per thread worker: Direct HVX (no DMA)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void diag_thread_f32(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    htp_diag_preamble;
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    const uint8_t * src_data = (const uint8_t *) src0->data;
+    uint8_t *       dst_data = (uint8_t *) dst->data;
+
+    const uint32_t ib0 = dctx->batches_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t ib1 = MIN(ib0 + dctx->batches_per_thread, dctx->total_batches);
+
+    for (uint32_t ib = ib0; ib < ib1; ib++) {
+        const uint32_t i3 = ib / ne02;
+        const uint32_t i2 = ib % ne02;
+
+        const float * restrict src_batch = (const float *)(src_data + i3 * nb03 + i2 * nb02);
+
+        for (uint32_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne1; i1++) {
+            float * restrict dst_row = (float *)(dst_data + i3 * nb3 + i2 * nb2 + i1 * nb1);
+            hvx_diag_row_f32(src_batch, dst_row, i1, ne0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "diag-f32 %d/%d: %ux%ux%ux%u (%u:%u) -> %ux%ux%ux%u usec %u\n",
+         ith, nth, src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3], ib0, ib1,
+         dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3],
+         (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+int op_diag_f32(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = octx->src[0];
+    const struct htp_tensor * dst  = octx->dst;
+
+    if (octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t total_batches = src0->ne[2] * src0->ne[3];
+    const uint32_t n_threads     = MIN(octx->n_threads, total_batches);
+
+    const size_t src_batch_size         = src0->ne[0] * sizeof(float);
+    const size_t dst_row_size           = dst->ne[0] * sizeof(float);
+    const size_t src_batch_size_aligned = hex_round_up(src_batch_size, VLEN);
+    const size_t dst_row_size_aligned   = hex_round_up(dst_row_size, VLEN);
+
+    // 1 src buffer + 1 dst row buffer per thread
+    const size_t spad_per_thread = src_batch_size_aligned + dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+    octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread = src_batch_size_aligned;
+    octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread  = dst_row_size_aligned;
+
+    octx->src0_spad.size = n_threads * octx->src0_spad.size_per_thread;
+    octx->dst_spad.size  = n_threads * octx->dst_spad.size_per_thread;
+
+    octx->src0_spad.data = octx->ctx->vtcm_base;                        octx->src0_spad.src = NULL;
+    octx->dst_spad.data  = octx->src0_spad.data + octx->src0_spad.size; octx->dst_spad.src  = NULL;
+
+    struct htp_diag_context dctx = {
+        .octx                   = octx,
+        .src_batch_size         = src_batch_size,
+        .dst_row_size           = dst_row_size,
+        .src_batch_size_aligned = src_batch_size_aligned,
+        .dst_row_size_aligned   = dst_row_size_aligned,
+        .batches_per_thread     = (total_batches + n_threads - 1) / n_threads,
+        .total_batches          = total_batches,
+    };
+
+    if (octx->ctx->vtcm_size < spad_per_thread * n_threads) {
+        worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, diag_thread_f32, &dctx, n_threads);
+    } else {
+        worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, diag_thread_f32_dma, &dctx, n_threads);
+    }
+
+    return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+int op_diag(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    const struct htp_tensor * dst = octx->dst;
+
+    int err = HTP_STATUS_OK;
+
+    switch (dst->type) {
+        case HTP_TYPE_F32:
+            err = op_diag_f32(octx);
+            break;
+        default:
+            err = HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return err;
+}

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/fill-ops.c

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "hvx-copy.h"
+#include "hvx-utils.h"
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+
+// ggml op_params layout for FILL:
+//   op_params[0] (as float) - the scalar fill value
+
+#define fill_preamble \
+    const struct htp_tensor * dst = octx->dst; \
+    \
+    const uint32_t ne0 = dst->ne[0]; \
+    const uint32_t ne1 = dst->ne[1]; \
+    const uint32_t ne2 = dst->ne[2]; \
+    const uint32_t ne3 = dst->ne[3]; \
+    \
+    const uint32_t nb1 = dst->nb[1]; \
+    const uint32_t nb2 = dst->nb[2]; \
+    const uint32_t nb3 = dst->nb[3]; \
+    \
+    const uint32_t nr = ne1 * ne2 * ne3;
+
+struct htp_fill_context {
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx;
+    uint32_t nrows_per_thread;
+    uint32_t total_rows;  // ne1 * ne2 * ne3
+    bool     opt_path;
+    HVX_Vector splat_vec;
+    uint32_t   elem_size;
+};
+
+static void fill_thread(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    const struct htp_fill_context * fctx = (const struct htp_fill_context *) data;
+    struct htp_ops_context        * octx = fctx->octx;
+    fill_preamble;
+
+    // Parallelise over the flat row index spanning ne1*ne2*ne3
+    const uint32_t ir0 = fctx->nrows_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t ir1 = MIN(ir0 + fctx->nrows_per_thread, fctx->total_rows);
+
+    uint64_t t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    if (fctx->opt_path) {
+        // Opt path: tensor is fully contiguous, treat as flat array
+        const uint32_t elem_start = ir0 * ne0;
+        const uint32_t elem_end = ir1 * ne0;
+        uint8_t * dst_ptr = (uint8_t *) dst->data + elem_start * fctx->elem_size;
+        hvx_splat_u(dst_ptr, fctx->splat_vec, elem_end - elem_start, fctx->elem_size);
+    } else {
+        // Non-contiguous path: must respect strides
+        for (uint32_t ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
+            const uint32_t i1 = ir % ne1;
+            const uint32_t i2 = (ir / ne1) % ne2;
+            const uint32_t i3 = ir / (ne1 * ne2);
+            uint8_t * dst_ptr = (uint8_t *) dst->data + i1*nb1 + i2*nb2 + i3*nb3;
+            hvx_splat_u(dst_ptr, fctx->splat_vec, ne0, fctx->elem_size);
+        }
+    }
+
+    uint64_t t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+    FARF(HIGH, "fill %u/%u: rows %u:%u usec %u\n",
+         ith, nth, ir0, ir1, (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+int op_fill(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    fill_preamble;
+
+    if (dst->type != HTP_TYPE_F32 && dst->type != HTP_TYPE_F16) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    if (octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+    }
+
+    // nr = ne1*ne2*ne3 (flat row count across all outer dims); parallelise over it.
+    const uint32_t n_threads = MIN(nr, octx->n_threads);
+
+    // Optimize if fully contiguous: skip stride arithmetic, treat as flat array
+    const bool opt_path = (nb2 == nb1 * ne1) && (nb3 == nb2 * ne2);
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "fill: (%ux%ux%ux%u) type=%u opt=%d\n",
+         dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], dst->type, (int) opt_path);
+
+    float val_f32 = 0.f;
+    memcpy(&val_f32, &octx->op_params[0], sizeof(float));
+
+    struct htp_fill_context fctx = {
+        .octx             = octx,
+        .nrows_per_thread = (nr + n_threads - 1) / n_threads,
+        .total_rows       = nr,
+        .opt_path         = opt_path,
+    };
+
+    switch (dst->type) {
+    case HTP_TYPE_F32:
+        fctx.splat_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f32(val_f32);
+        fctx.elem_size = sizeof(float);
+        break;
+    case HTP_TYPE_F16:
+        fctx.splat_vec = hvx_vec_splat_f16((_Float16) val_f32);
+        fctx.elem_size = sizeof(_Float16);
+        break;
+    default:
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, fill_thread, &fctx, n_threads);
+
+    return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+}

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hex-utils.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <qurt_memory.h>
+#include <qurt.h>
 
 #include "hexagon_types.h"
 #include "hexagon_protos.h"
@@ -100,4 +101,31 @@ static inline void hex_pause() {
     asm volatile(" pause(#255)\n");
 }
 
+#ifndef HEX_NUM_PMU_COUNTERS
+#define HEX_NUM_PMU_COUNTERS 8
+#endif
+
+static inline void hex_get_pmu(uint32_t counters[]) {
+#if __HVX_ARCH__ >= 79
+    asm volatile("%0 = upmucnt0" : "=r"(counters[0]));
+    asm volatile("%0 = upmucnt1" : "=r"(counters[1]));
+    asm volatile("%0 = upmucnt2" : "=r"(counters[2]));
+    asm volatile("%0 = upmucnt3" : "=r"(counters[3]));
+    asm volatile("%0 = upmucnt4" : "=r"(counters[4]));
+    asm volatile("%0 = upmucnt5" : "=r"(counters[5]));
+    asm volatile("%0 = upmucnt6" : "=r"(counters[6]));
+    asm volatile("%0 = upmucnt7" : "=r"(counters[7]));
+#else
+    counters[0] = qurt_pmu_get(QURT_PMUCNT0);
+    counters[1] = qurt_pmu_get(QURT_PMUCNT1);
+    counters[2] = qurt_pmu_get(QURT_PMUCNT2);
+    counters[3] = qurt_pmu_get(QURT_PMUCNT3);
+    counters[4] = qurt_pmu_get(QURT_PMUCNT4);
+    counters[5] = qurt_pmu_get(QURT_PMUCNT5);
+    counters[6] = qurt_pmu_get(QURT_PMUCNT6);
+    counters[7] = qurt_pmu_get(QURT_PMUCNT7);
+    // qurt_pmu_get_pmucnt(counters);
+#endif
+}
+
 #endif /* HEX_UTILS_H */

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hmx-matmul-ops.c

@@ -1683,7 +1683,7 @@ int mat_mul_qk_0_d16a32_out_stationary(struct htp_context *ctx, float *restrict
     __fp16  *vtcm_scales     = (__fp16 *) vtcm_seq_alloc(&vtcm_ptr, 256);
     assert((size_t)(vtcm_ptr - (uint8_t *)ctx->vtcm_base) <= vtcm_budget);
 
-    FARF(HIGH, "hmx-mm: m=%d k=%d n=%d wtype=%d block M=%zu N=%zu K=%zu vtcm=%zu/%zu", __func__, m, k, n, weight_type,
+    FARF(HIGH, "hmx-mm: m=%d k=%d n=%d wtype=%d block M=%zu N=%zu K=%zu vtcm=%zu/%zu", m, k, n, weight_type,
          M_BLOCK_SIZE, N_BLOCK_SIZE, K_BLOCK_SIZE, (size_t) (vtcm_ptr - (uint8_t *) ctx->vtcm_base), vtcm_budget);
 
     // initialize eye tile (32x32 identity matrix)

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/htp-ctx.h

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <dspqueue.h>
 #include <stdatomic.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
 
 #define HTP_MAX_NTHREADS 10
 #define HTP_MAX_MMAPS    16
@@ -66,7 +67,9 @@ struct htp_context {
     int                    thread_id;
     int                    thread_prio;
 
-    int                    hmx_enabled;
+    bool                   hmx_enabled;
+    bool                   etm;
+    uint32_t               profiler;
 
     uint8_t *              vtcm_base;
     size_t                 vtcm_size;
@@ -98,5 +101,8 @@ int op_repeat(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
 int op_argsort(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
 int op_ssm_conv(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
 int op_cumsum(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_fill(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_diag(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
+int op_solve_tri(struct htp_ops_context * octx);
 
 #endif /* HTP_CTX_H */

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/htp-ops.h

@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ enum htp_data_type {
 
 // Mask to enable various stages of the Ops.
 // Used for debugging and profiling.
-enum htp_op_mask {
-    HTP_OPMASK_QUEUE    = (1 << 0),  // Enable Queueing (ie calls into the DSP)
-    HTP_OPMASK_COMPUTE  = (1 << 1),  // Enable Compute
+enum htp_op_stage {
+    HTP_OPSTAGE_QUEUE    = (1 << 0),  // Enable Queueing (ie calls into NPU)
+    HTP_OPSTAGE_COMPUTE  = (1 << 1),  // Enable Compute
 };
 
 // Do not reorder first 4 (used as an index)
@@ -80,7 +80,9 @@ enum htp_op_code {
     HTP_OP_SSM_CONV,
     HTP_OP_REPEAT,
     HTP_OP_CUMSUM,
-
+    HTP_OP_FILL,
+    HTP_OP_DIAG,
+    HTP_OP_SOLVE_TRI,
     HTP_OP_INVALID
 };
 
@@ -135,27 +137,45 @@ struct htp_op_desc {
     int32_t  params[HTP_OP_MAX_PARAMS]; // Params for the op, e.g. epsilon of RMS norm
     uint16_t src[HTP_OP_MAX_INPUTS];    // Input tensors indices
     uint16_t dst;                       // Output tensor index
+};
 
-    // the rest is filled in-place by the NPU
-    uint32_t prof_usecs;                // Number of usec per request
-    uint32_t prof_cycles;               // Number of cycles per request
-    uint32_t prof_pkts;                 // Number of instruction packets per request
-    uint32_t unused;
+enum htp_profiler_mode {
+    HTP_PROF_DISABLED = 0,
+    HTP_PROF_BASIC    = 1,
+    HTP_PROF_PMU      = 2,
+};
+
+#define HTP_PROF_PMU_NCNT 8
+
+// Profile descriptor
+struct htp_prof_desc {
+    uint32_t opcode;                 // GGML/HTP Op
+    uint32_t usecs;                  // Number of usec
+    uint32_t cycles;                 // Number of cycles
+    uint32_t pad;                    // Unused
+    uint32_t pmu[HTP_PROF_PMU_NCNT]; // PMU counters
 };
 
 struct htp_opbatch_req {
+    uint32_t id;          // Batch id
     uint32_t n_bufs;      // Number of buffers
     uint32_t n_tensors;   // Number of tensors
     uint32_t n_ops;       // Number of ops
     uint32_t flags;       // unused
+    uint32_t pad;         // unused
     // struct htp_buf_desc  bufs[];    -- dspqueue buf 0
     // struct htp_tensor    tensors[]; -- dspqueue buf 0
     // struct htp_op_desc   ops[];     -- dspqueue buf 0
 };
 
 struct htp_opbatch_rsp {
+    uint32_t id;         // Batch id
     uint32_t status;     // HTP_STATUS_...
-    // struct htp_op_req ops[];     -- dspqueue buf 0
+    uint32_t n_bufs;     // Number of buffers
+    uint32_t n_tensors;  // Number of tensors
+    uint32_t n_ops;      // Number of op profile descriptors
+    uint32_t pad;        // unused
+    // struct htp_prof_desc profs[];  -- dspqueue buf 0
 };
 
 #endif /* HTP_OPS_H */

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/htp_iface.idl

@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@
 #include "AEEStdDef.idl"
 #include "remote.idl"
 
+struct htp_iface_pmu_conf {
+    uint32 events[8];
+};
+
 interface htp_iface : remote_handle64 {
     AEEResult start(in uint32 sess_id, in uint64 dsp_queue_id, in uint32 n_hvx, in uint32 use_hmx);
     AEEResult stop();
     AEEResult mmap(in uint32 fd, in uint32 size, in uint32 pinned);
     AEEResult munmap(in uint32 fd);
-    AEEResult enable_etm();
-    AEEResult disable_etm();
+    AEEResult profiler(in uint32 mode, in htp_iface_pmu_conf pmu);
+    AEEResult etm(in uint32 enable);
 };
 
 #endif /* HTP_IDL */

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/hvx-base.h

@@ -256,6 +256,18 @@ static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_mul_f16_f16(HVX_Vector a, HVX_Vector b)
     return Q6_Vhf_equals_Wqf32(Q6_Wqf32_vmpy_VhfVhf(a, b));
 }
 
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_add_f32_f32(HVX_Vector a, HVX_Vector b) {
+    return Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vadd_VsfVsf(a, b));
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_sub_f32_f32(HVX_Vector a, HVX_Vector b) {
+    return Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vsub_VsfVsf(a, b));
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_mul_f32_f32(HVX_Vector a, HVX_Vector b) {
+    return Q6_Vsf_equals_Vqf32(Q6_Vqf32_vmpy_VsfVsf(a, b));
+}
+
 #else
 
 static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_add_f16_f16(HVX_Vector a, HVX_Vector b)
@@ -273,6 +285,18 @@ static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_mul_f16_f16(HVX_Vector a, HVX_Vector b)
     return Q6_Vhf_vmpy_VhfVhf(a, b);
 }
 
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_add_f32_f32(HVX_Vector a, HVX_Vector b) {
+    return Q6_Vsf_vadd_VsfVsf(a, b);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_sub_f32_f32(HVX_Vector a, HVX_Vector b) {
+    return Q6_Vsf_vsub_VsfVsf(a, b);
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_vec_mul_f32_f32(HVX_Vector a, HVX_Vector b) {
+    return Q6_Vsf_vmpy_VsfVsf(a, b);
+}
+
 #endif // __HVX_ARCH__ < 79
 
 #endif /* HVX_BASE_H */

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/main.c

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "htp-ctx.h"
 #include "htp-ops.h"
 #include "htp-ops.h"
+#include "htp_iface.h"
 #include "worker-pool.h"
 
 AEEResult htp_iface_open(const char * uri, remote_handle64 * handle) {
@@ -100,6 +101,72 @@ AEEResult htp_iface_open(const char * uri, remote_handle64 * handle) {
         }
     }
 
+    {
+        // Set HMX clock
+        HAP_power_request_t request;
+        memset(&request, 0, sizeof(HAP_power_request_t));
+        request.type = HAP_power_set_HMX_v2;
+        request.hmx_v2.set_clock = TRUE;
+        request.hmx_v2.target_corner = HAP_DCVS_EXP_VCORNER_MAX;
+        request.hmx_v2.min_corner = HAP_DCVS_EXP_VCORNER_MAX;
+        request.hmx_v2.max_corner = HAP_DCVS_EXP_VCORNER_MAX;
+        request.hmx_v2.perf_mode = HAP_CLK_PERF_HIGH;
+        FARF(ALWAYS, "Setting HMX clock\n");
+        err = HAP_power_set((void *) &ctx, &request);
+        if (err != AEE_SUCCESS) {
+            FARF(ERROR, "Error setting HMX clock.");
+            return err;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return AEE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+AEEResult htp_iface_etm(remote_handle64 handle, uint32_t enable) {
+    int err = enable ? HAP_user_etm_enable() : HAP_user_etm_disable();
+    if (err) {
+        if (err == AEE_EVERSIONNOTSUPPORT) {
+            FARF(ERROR, "API HAP_user_etm_enable/disable is not supported\n");
+        } else {
+            FARF(ERROR, "Error executing HAP_user_etm_enable/disable with error code : 0x%x\n", err);
+        }
+    }
+    return err;
+}
+
+AEEResult htp_iface_profiler(remote_handle64 handle, uint32_t mode, const htp_iface_pmu_conf* pmu_conf) {
+    struct htp_context * ctx = (struct htp_context *) handle;
+    if (!ctx) {
+        return AEE_EBADPARM;
+    }
+
+    if (mode == HTP_PROF_PMU) {
+        const uint32_t* events = pmu_conf->events;
+
+        // Pack 4 event IDs (low 8 bits) into each 32-bit config register
+        uint32_t evtcfg = 0, evtcfg1 = 0, cfg = 0, i = 0;
+        for (; i < HEX_NUM_PMU_COUNTERS/2; i++) {
+            evtcfg  |= ((events[i + 0] & 0xFF) << (i * 8));
+            evtcfg1 |= ((events[i + 4] & 0xFF) << (i * 8));
+        }
+
+        // For events >255 pack high 2 bits of all 8 event IDs into cfg register
+        // 2 bits per counter: bits [1:0] for counter 0, [3:2] for counter 1, etc.
+        for (i = 0; i < HEX_NUM_PMU_COUNTERS; i++) {
+            cfg |= (((events[i] >> 8) & 3) << (i * 2));
+        }
+
+        FARF(ALWAYS, "Configuring PMU registers: evtcfg = 0x%x, evtcfg1 = 0x%x, pmucfg = 0x%x", evtcfg, evtcfg1, cfg);
+
+        // Configure PMU registers
+        qurt_pmu_set(QURT_PMUCFG,     cfg);
+        qurt_pmu_set(QURT_PMUEVTCFG,  evtcfg);
+        qurt_pmu_set(QURT_PMUEVTCFG1, evtcfg1);
+        qurt_pmu_enable(1);
+    }
+
+    ctx->profiler = mode;
+
     return AEE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -129,35 +196,19 @@ AEEResult htp_iface_close(remote_handle64 handle) {
         }
     }
 
+    if (ctx->profiler) {
+        qurt_pmu_enable(1);
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->etm) {
+        HAP_user_etm_disable();
+    }
+
     free(ctx);
     return AEE_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-AEEResult htp_iface_enable_etm(remote_handle64 handle) {
-    int err = HAP_user_etm_enable();
-    if (err) {
-        if (err == AEE_EVERSIONNOTSUPPORT) {
-            FARF(ERROR, "API HAP_user_etm_enable is not supported\n");
-        } else {
-            FARF(ERROR, "Error executing HAP_user_etm_enable with error code : 0x%x\n", err);
-        }
-    }
-    return err;
-}
-
-AEEResult htp_iface_disable_etm(remote_handle64 handle) {
-    int err = HAP_user_etm_disable();
-    if (err) {
-        if (err == AEE_EVERSIONNOTSUPPORT) {
-            FARF(ERROR, "API HAP_user_etm_disable is not supported\n");
-        } else {
-            FARF(ERROR, "Error executing HAP_user_etm_disable with error code : 0x%x\n", err);
-        }
-    }
-    return err;
-}
-
-AEEResult htp_iface_mmap(remote_handle64 handle, int fd, uint32_t size, uint32_t pinned) {
+AEEResult htp_iface_mmap(remote_handle64 handle, uint32 fd, uint32 size, uint32 pinned) {
     struct htp_context * ctx = (struct htp_context *) handle;
     if (!ctx) {
         return AEE_EBADPARM;
@@ -204,7 +255,7 @@ AEEResult htp_iface_mmap(remote_handle64 handle, int fd, uint32_t size, uint32_t
     return AEE_ENOMEMORY;
 }
 
-AEEResult htp_iface_munmap(remote_handle64 handle, int fd) {
+AEEResult htp_iface_munmap(remote_handle64 handle, uint32 fd) {
     struct htp_context * ctx = (struct htp_context *) handle;
     if (!ctx) {
         return AEE_EBADPARM;
@@ -434,19 +485,39 @@ static void htp_error_callback(dspqueue_t queue, int error, void * context) {
 struct profile_data {
     uint64_t usecs;
     uint64_t cycles;
-    uint64_t pkts;
+    uint32_t pmu_counters[HEX_NUM_PMU_COUNTERS];
 };
 
-static inline void profile_start(struct profile_data * d) {
-    d->usecs  = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
-    d->cycles = hex_get_cycles();
-    d->pkts   = hex_get_pktcnt();
+static inline void profile_start(uint32_t mode, struct profile_data * d) {
+    switch (mode) {
+        case HTP_PROF_PMU:
+            hex_get_pmu(d->pmu_counters);
+            // fallthrough
+        case HTP_PROF_BASIC:
+            d->usecs  = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+            d->cycles = hex_get_cycles();
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
 }
 
-static inline void profile_stop(struct profile_data * d) {
-    d->usecs  = HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count() - d->usecs);
-    d->cycles = hex_get_cycles() - d->cycles;
-    d->pkts   = hex_get_pktcnt() - d->pkts;
+static inline void profile_stop(uint32_t mode, struct profile_data * d) {
+    uint32_t pmu_counters[HEX_NUM_PMU_COUNTERS];
+    switch (mode) {
+        case HTP_PROF_PMU:
+            hex_get_pmu(pmu_counters);
+            for (int i = 0; i < HEX_NUM_PMU_COUNTERS; i++) {
+                d->pmu_counters[i] = pmu_counters[i] - d->pmu_counters[i];
+            }
+            // fallthrough
+        case HTP_PROF_BASIC:
+            d->usecs  = HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count() - d->usecs);
+            d->cycles = hex_get_cycles() - d->cycles;
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
 }
 
 static int execute_op(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
@@ -514,6 +585,15 @@ static int execute_op(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
         case HTP_OP_CUMSUM:
             return op_cumsum(octx);
 
+        case HTP_OP_FILL:
+            return op_fill(octx);
+
+        case HTP_OP_DIAG:
+            return op_diag(octx);
+
+        case HTP_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+            return op_solve_tri(octx);
+
         case HTP_OP_INVALID:
             break;
 
@@ -720,30 +800,33 @@ static void htp_packet_callback(dspqueue_t queue, int error, void * context) {
             continue;
         }
 
+        // Reset poll count for valid requests
+        poll_count = DSPQUEUE_POLL_COUNT;
+
         const uint32_t n_bufs = req.n_bufs;
         const uint32_t n_tens = req.n_tensors;
         const uint32_t n_ops  = req.n_ops;
 
-        const uint32_t b_size = sizeof(struct htp_buf_desc) * n_bufs;
-        const uint32_t t_size = sizeof(struct htp_tensor)   * n_tens;
-        const uint32_t o_size = sizeof(struct htp_op_desc)  * n_ops;
+        const uint32_t b_size = sizeof(struct htp_buf_desc)  * n_bufs;
+        const uint32_t t_size = sizeof(struct htp_tensor)    * n_tens;
+        const uint32_t o_size = sizeof(struct htp_op_desc)   * n_ops;
+        const uint32_t p_size = sizeof(struct htp_prof_desc) * n_ops;
 
-        if (dbuf.size < b_size + t_size + o_size) {
+        if (dbuf.size < b_size + t_size + o_size + p_size) {
             FARF(ERROR, "invalid opbatch memory block size %u", dbuf.size);
             break;
         }
 
-        // Reset poll count for valid requests
-        poll_count = DSPQUEUE_POLL_COUNT;
-
-        uint8_t * m_ptr = dbuf.ptr;
-        struct htp_buf_desc* bufs = (struct htp_buf_desc*) m_ptr; m_ptr += b_size;
-        struct htp_tensor*   tens = (struct htp_tensor*)   m_ptr; m_ptr += t_size;
-        struct htp_op_desc*   ops = (struct htp_op_desc*)  m_ptr;
-
-        FARF(HIGH, "processing opbatch: n-bufs %u n-tensors %u n-ops %u : m-size %u b-size %u t-size %u o-size %u",
+        FARF(HIGH, "processing opbatch #%u: n-bufs %u n-tensors %u n-ops %u : m-size %u b-size %u t-size %u o-size %u", req.id,
                 n_bufs, n_tens, n_ops, dbuf.size, b_size, t_size, o_size);
 
+        // Setup descriptor pointers
+        uint8_t * m_ptr = dbuf.ptr;
+        struct htp_buf_desc* bufs = (struct htp_buf_desc*)  m_ptr; m_ptr += b_size;
+        struct htp_tensor*   tens = (struct htp_tensor*)    m_ptr; m_ptr += t_size;
+        struct htp_op_desc*   ops = (struct htp_op_desc*)   m_ptr; m_ptr += o_size;
+        struct htp_prof_desc* pds = (struct htp_prof_desc*) m_ptr;
+
         prep_op_bufs(ctx, bufs, n_bufs);
         prep_tensors(ctx, bufs, tens, n_tens);
 
@@ -754,22 +837,34 @@ static void htp_packet_callback(dspqueue_t queue, int error, void * context) {
 
         for (uint32_t i=0; i < n_ops; i++) {
             struct profile_data prof;
-            profile_start(&prof);
+
+            profile_start(ctx->profiler, &prof);
 
             proc_op_req(octx, tens, i, &ops[i]);
 
-            profile_stop(&prof);
-            ops[i].prof_usecs  = prof.usecs;
-            ops[i].prof_cycles = prof.cycles;
-            ops[i].prof_pkts   = prof.pkts;
+            profile_stop(ctx->profiler, &prof);
+
+            if (ctx->profiler) {
+                pds[i].opcode = ops[i].opcode;
+                pds[i].usecs  = prof.usecs;
+                pds[i].cycles = prof.cycles;
+                for (int j = 0; j < HEX_NUM_PMU_COUNTERS; j++) {
+                    pds[i].pmu[j] = prof.pmu_counters[j];
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         // dspqueue_write_early_wakeup_noblock(ctx->queue, 10, 0);
 
         struct htp_opbatch_rsp rsp;
-        rsp.status = HTP_STATUS_OK; // FIXME
+        rsp.id        = req.id;
+        rsp.status    = HTP_STATUS_OK;
+        rsp.n_bufs    = n_bufs;
+        rsp.n_tensors = n_tens;
+        rsp.n_ops     = n_ops;
 
         dbuf.flags = DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_FLUSH_SENDER | DSPQUEUE_BUFFER_FLAG_INVALIDATE_RECIPIENT;
+
         err = dspqueue_write(queue, 0, 1, &dbuf, sizeof(rsp), (const uint8_t *) &rsp, DSPQUEUE_TIMEOUT_NONE);
         if (err != 0) {
             FARF(ERROR, "dspqueue_write failed: 0x%08x", (unsigned) err);

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/matmul-ops.c

@@ -3017,6 +3017,10 @@ int op_matmul(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
     const int act_stride = (int)(src1->nb[1] / sizeof(float));
     const int wgt_stride = (int)(src0->nb[1] / sizeof(__fp16));
 
+    if (octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+    }
+
     if (src0->type == HTP_TYPE_F16) {
         if (is_batched) {
             hmx_matmul_w16a32_batched_params_t batch_params = {

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/htp/solve-tri-ops.c

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-but-set-variable"
+
+#include <HAP_farf.h>
+#include <HAP_perf.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+#include "htp-ctx.h"
+#include "htp-ops.h"
+#include "hvx-types.h"
+#include "hvx-utils.h"
+
+struct htp_solve_tri_context {
+    struct htp_ops_context * octx;
+    uint32_t                 jobs_per_thread;
+    uint32_t                 total_jobs;
+    uint32_t                 k_chunks;
+    uint32_t                 col_block;
+};
+
+static inline void solve_tri_row_scalar(const float * A_row,
+                                        const float * B_row,
+                                        float *       X,
+                                        uint32_t      row,
+                                        uint32_t      k,
+                                        uint32_t      col0,
+                                        uint32_t      coln,
+                                        float         inv_diag) {
+    for (uint32_t col = col0; col < col0 + coln; ++col) {
+        float sum = 0.0f;
+        for (uint32_t t = 0; t < row; ++t) {
+            sum += A_row[t] * X[t * k + col];
+        }
+        X[row * k + col] = (B_row[col] - sum) * inv_diag;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline HVX_Vector hvx_load_partial_f32(const float * src, uint32_t n) {
+    HVX_Vector v = *((const HVX_UVector *) src);
+    HVX_VectorPred mask = Q6_Q_vsetq2_R(n * sizeof(float));
+    return Q6_V_vmux_QVV(mask, v, Q6_V_vzero());
+}
+
+static inline void solve_tri_row_hvx(const float * A_row,
+                                     const float * B_row,
+                                     float *       X,
+                                     uint32_t      row,
+                                     uint32_t      k,
+                                     uint32_t      col0,
+                                     uint32_t      coln,
+                                     float         inv_diag) {
+    const bool full = (coln == VLEN_FP32);
+
+    HVX_Vector sum_v = Q6_V_vzero();
+    for (uint32_t t = 0; t < row; ++t) {
+        const float   a         = A_row[t];
+        const float * x_row_col = X + t * k + col0;
+
+        HVX_Vector x_v = full ? *((const HVX_UVector *) x_row_col) : hvx_load_partial_f32(x_row_col, coln);
+        HVX_Vector a_v = hvx_vec_splat_f32(a);
+        sum_v          = hvx_vec_add_f32_f32(sum_v, hvx_vec_mul_f32_f32(x_v, a_v));
+    }
+
+    const float * b_row_col = B_row + col0;
+    float *       x_out_col = X + row * k + col0;
+
+    HVX_Vector b_v        = full ? *((const HVX_UVector *) b_row_col) : hvx_load_partial_f32(b_row_col, coln);
+    HVX_Vector inv_diag_v = hvx_vec_splat_f32(inv_diag);
+
+    HVX_Vector out_v = hvx_vec_mul_f32_f32(hvx_vec_sub_f32_f32(b_v, sum_v), inv_diag_v);
+    hvx_vec_store_u((void *) x_out_col, coln * sizeof(float), out_v);
+}
+
+// Batch-level thread: each job is one full batch.
+static void solve_tri_batch_thread_f32(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_solve_tri_context * sctx = (struct htp_solve_tri_context *) data;
+    struct htp_ops_context *       octx = sctx->octx;
+
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = octx->src[0];  // A
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = octx->src[1];  // B
+    const struct htp_tensor * dst  = octx->dst;     // X
+
+    const uint32_t n = src0->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t k = src1->ne[0];
+
+    const uint32_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+
+    const uint32_t col_block = VLEN_FP32;
+    const uint32_t k_full    = (k / col_block) * col_block;
+
+    const uint32_t start_batch = sctx->jobs_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t end_batch   = MIN(start_batch + sctx->jobs_per_thread, sctx->total_jobs);
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    for (uint32_t batch = start_batch; batch < end_batch; ++batch) {
+        const uint32_t i03 = batch / ne02;
+        const uint32_t i02 = batch - i03 * ne02;
+
+        const float * A_batch =
+            (const float *) ((const uint8_t *) (uintptr_t) src0->data + i02 * src0->nb[2] + i03 * src0->nb[3]);
+        const float * B_batch =
+            (const float *) ((const uint8_t *) (uintptr_t) src1->data + i02 * src1->nb[2] + i03 * src1->nb[3]);
+        float * X_batch = (float *) ((uint8_t *) (uintptr_t) dst->data + i02 * dst->nb[2] + i03 * dst->nb[3]);
+
+        for (uint32_t row = 0; row < n; ++row) {
+            const float   diag     = A_batch[row * n + row];
+            const float   inv_diag = 1.0f / diag;
+            const float * A_row    = A_batch + row * n;
+            const float * B_row    = B_batch + row * k;
+
+            uint32_t col0 = 0;
+            for (; col0 < k_full; col0 += col_block) {
+                solve_tri_row_hvx(A_row, B_row, X_batch, row, k, col0, col_block, inv_diag);
+            }
+
+            if (col0 < k) {
+                const uint32_t coln = k - col0;
+                if (coln >= 8) {
+                    solve_tri_row_hvx(A_row, B_row, X_batch, row, k, col0, coln, inv_diag);
+                } else {
+                    solve_tri_row_scalar(A_row, B_row, X_batch, row, k, col0, coln, inv_diag);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "solve-tri-batch %d/%d: A=(%ux%u) B=(%ux%u) batch %u:%u usec %u\n",
+         ith, nth, n, n, k, n, start_batch, end_batch,
+         (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+// Chunk-level thread: each job is one (batch, col_chunk) pair.
+static void solve_tri_chunk_thread_f32(unsigned int nth, unsigned int ith, void * data) {
+    struct htp_solve_tri_context * sctx = (struct htp_solve_tri_context *) data;
+    struct htp_ops_context *       octx = sctx->octx;
+
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = octx->src[0];  // A
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = octx->src[1];  // B
+    const struct htp_tensor * dst  = octx->dst;     // X
+
+    const uint32_t n = src0->ne[0];
+    const uint32_t k = src1->ne[0];
+
+    const uint32_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
+
+    const uint32_t start_job = sctx->jobs_per_thread * ith;
+    const uint32_t end_job   = MIN(start_job + sctx->jobs_per_thread, sctx->total_jobs);
+
+    uint64_t t1, t2;
+    t1 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    for (uint32_t job = start_job; job < end_job; ++job) {
+        const uint32_t batch = job / sctx->k_chunks;
+        const uint32_t chunk = job - batch * sctx->k_chunks;
+
+        const uint32_t i03 = batch / ne02;
+        const uint32_t i02 = batch - i03 * ne02;
+
+        const uint32_t col0 = chunk * sctx->col_block;
+        const uint32_t coln = MIN(sctx->col_block, k - col0);
+
+        const float * A_batch =
+            (const float *) ((const uint8_t *) (uintptr_t) src0->data + i02 * src0->nb[2] + i03 * src0->nb[3]);
+        const float * B_batch =
+            (const float *) ((const uint8_t *) (uintptr_t) src1->data + i02 * src1->nb[2] + i03 * src1->nb[3]);
+        float * X_batch = (float *) ((uint8_t *) (uintptr_t) dst->data + i02 * dst->nb[2] + i03 * dst->nb[3]);
+
+        const bool use_hvx = (coln >= 8);
+
+        for (uint32_t row = 0; row < n; ++row) {
+            const float diag     = A_batch[row * n + row];
+            const float inv_diag = 1.0f / diag;
+
+            const float * A_row = A_batch + row * n;
+            const float * B_row = B_batch + row * k;
+
+            if (use_hvx) {
+                solve_tri_row_hvx(A_row, B_row, X_batch, row, k, col0, coln, inv_diag);
+            } else {
+                solve_tri_row_scalar(A_row, B_row, X_batch, row, k, col0, coln, inv_diag);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    t2 = HAP_perf_get_qtimer_count();
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "solve-tri-chunk %d/%d: A=(%ux%u) B=(%ux%u) job %u:%u usec %u\n",
+         ith, nth, n, n, k, n, start_job, end_job,
+         (unsigned) HAP_perf_qtimer_count_to_us(t2 - t1));
+}
+
+int op_solve_tri(struct htp_ops_context * octx) {
+    const struct htp_tensor * src0 = octx->src[0];  // A
+    const struct htp_tensor * src1 = octx->src[1];  // B
+    const struct htp_tensor * dst  = octx->dst;     // X
+
+    if (src0->type != HTP_TYPE_F32 || src1->type != HTP_TYPE_F32 || dst->type != HTP_TYPE_F32) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_NO_SUPPORT;
+    }
+
+    // left=true, lower=true, uni=false only
+    if (src0->ne[0] != src0->ne[1]) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_INVAL_PARAMS;
+    }
+    if (src0->ne[1] != src1->ne[1]) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_INVAL_PARAMS;
+    }
+    if (src0->ne[2] != src1->ne[2] || src0->ne[3] != src1->ne[3]) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_INVAL_PARAMS;
+    }
+    if (dst->ne[0] != src1->ne[0] || dst->ne[1] != src1->ne[1] || dst->ne[2] != src1->ne[2] ||
+        dst->ne[3] != src1->ne[3]) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_INVAL_PARAMS;
+    }
+
+    if (octx->flags & HTP_OPFLAGS_SKIP_COMPUTE) {
+        return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t k = src1->ne[0];
+
+    const uint32_t col_block     = VLEN_FP32;
+    const uint32_t k_chunks      = (k + col_block - 1) / col_block;
+    const uint32_t total_batches = src0->ne[2] * src0->ne[3];
+    const bool     batched       = total_batches >= (uint32_t) octx->n_threads;
+
+    FARF(HIGH, "solve-tri: (%ux%ux%ux%u) x (%ux%ux%ux%u) -> (%ux%ux%ux%u) : batched %d\n",
+         src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], src0->ne[3],
+         src1->ne[0], src1->ne[1], src1->ne[2], src1->ne[3],
+         dst->ne[0], dst->ne[1], dst->ne[2], dst->ne[3], batched);
+
+    if (batched) {
+        // Batch-level parallelism
+        const uint32_t n_threads = MIN((uint32_t) octx->n_threads, total_batches);
+
+        struct htp_solve_tri_context sctx = {
+            .octx            = octx,
+            .jobs_per_thread = (total_batches + n_threads - 1) / n_threads,
+            .total_jobs      = total_batches,
+            .k_chunks        = k_chunks,
+            .col_block       = col_block,
+        };
+
+        worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, solve_tri_batch_thread_f32, &sctx, n_threads);
+    } else {
+        // Chunk-level parallelism
+        const uint32_t total_jobs = total_batches * k_chunks;
+        const uint32_t n_threads  = MIN((uint32_t) octx->n_threads, MAX(total_jobs, 1));
+
+        struct htp_solve_tri_context sctx = {
+            .octx            = octx,
+            .jobs_per_thread = (total_jobs + n_threads - 1) / n_threads,
+            .total_jobs      = total_jobs,
+            .k_chunks        = k_chunks,
+            .col_block       = col_block,
+        };
+
+        worker_pool_run_func(octx->ctx->worker_pool, solve_tri_chunk_thread_f32, &sctx, n_threads);
+    }
+
+    return HTP_STATUS_OK;
+}

ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/libggml-htp.inf

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ CatalogFile = libggml-htp.cat
 PnpLockDown = 1
 
 [DestinationDirs]
-Drivers_Dir = 6
+Drivers_Dir = 13
 
 [SourceDisksNames]
 1 = %DiskId%
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ libggml-htp-v68.so = 1
 libggml-htp-v69.so = 1
 libggml-htp-v73.so = 1
 libggml-htp-v75.so = 1
+libggml-htp-v79.so = 1
 libggml-htp-v81.so = 1
 
 [ControlFlags]
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ libggml-htp-v68.so,,,0x10 ;COPYFLG_NO_OVERWRITE
 libggml-htp-v69.so,,,0x10 ;COPYFLG_NO_OVERWRITE
 libggml-htp-v73.so,,,0x10 ;COPYFLG_NO_OVERWRITE
 libggml-htp-v75.so,,,0x10 ;COPYFLG_NO_OVERWRITE
+libggml-htp-v79.so,,,0x10 ;COPYFLG_NO_OVERWRITE
 libggml-htp-v81.so,,,0x10 ;COPYFLG_NO_OVERWRITE
 
 [Strings]

ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal-device.m

@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ ggml_metal_device_t ggml_metal_device_init(int device) {
             }
 
             // print MTL GPU family:
-            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GPU name:   %s\n", __func__, dev->props.name);
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GPU name:   %s (%s)\n", __func__, dev->props.name, dev->props.desc);
 
             // determine max supported GPU family
             // https://developer.apple.com/metal/Metal-Shading-Language-Specification.pdf
@@ -931,13 +931,13 @@ void ggml_metal_device_rsets_keep_alive(ggml_metal_device_t dev) {
 }
 
 struct ggml_metal_event {
-    void * obj; // id<MTLEvent>
+    void * obj; // id<MTLSharedEvent>
 
     atomic_int value;
 };
 
 void ggml_metal_event_encode_signal(ggml_metal_event_t ev, ggml_metal_cmd_buf_t cmd_buf_raw) {
-    id<MTLEvent> event = (id<MTLEvent>)ev->obj;
+    id<MTLSharedEvent> event = (id<MTLSharedEvent>)ev->obj;
 
     id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = (id<MTLCommandBuffer>) cmd_buf_raw;
 
@@ -945,7 +945,7 @@ void ggml_metal_event_encode_signal(ggml_metal_event_t ev, ggml_metal_cmd_buf_t
 }
 
 void ggml_metal_event_encode_wait(ggml_metal_event_t ev, ggml_metal_cmd_buf_t cmd_buf_raw) {
-    id<MTLEvent> event = (id<MTLEvent>)ev->obj;
+    id<MTLSharedEvent> event = (id<MTLSharedEvent>)ev->obj;
 
     id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = (id<MTLCommandBuffer>) cmd_buf_raw;
 
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ void ggml_metal_event_encode_wait(ggml_metal_event_t ev, ggml_metal_cmd_buf_t cm
 }
 
 ggml_metal_event_t ggml_metal_device_event_init(ggml_metal_device_t dev) {
-    id<MTLEvent> event = [dev->mtl_device newEvent];
+    id<MTLSharedEvent> event = [dev->mtl_device newSharedEvent];
 
     ggml_metal_event_t ev = calloc(1, sizeof(struct ggml_metal_event));
 
@@ -964,7 +964,7 @@ ggml_metal_event_t ggml_metal_device_event_init(ggml_metal_device_t dev) {
 }
 
 void ggml_metal_device_event_free(ggml_metal_device_t dev, ggml_metal_event_t ev) {
-    id<MTLEvent> event = ev->obj;
+    id<MTLSharedEvent> event = ev->obj;
     [event release];
 
     free(ev);
@@ -973,14 +973,13 @@ void ggml_metal_device_event_free(ggml_metal_device_t dev, ggml_metal_event_t ev
 }
 
 void ggml_metal_device_event_synchronize(ggml_metal_device_t dev, ggml_metal_event_t ev) {
-    @autoreleasepool {
-        id<MTLEvent> event = ev->obj;
-
-        id<MTLCommandBuffer> cmd_buf = [dev->mtl_queue commandBuffer];
-        [cmd_buf encodeWaitForEvent:event value:atomic_load_explicit(&ev->value, memory_order_relaxed)];
-        [cmd_buf commit];
-        [cmd_buf waitUntilCompleted];
+    id<MTLSharedEvent> event = ev->obj;
+    const bool res = [event waitUntilSignaledValue:atomic_load_explicit(&ev->value, memory_order_relaxed) timeoutMS:60000];
+    if (!res) {
+        GGML_ABORT("%s: failed to wait for event\n", __func__);
     }
+
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
 }
 
 void ggml_metal_device_get_memory(ggml_metal_device_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {

ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.cpp

@@ -918,6 +918,10 @@ ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_metal_reg(void) {
         static std::vector<ggml_backend_device_ptr> devs;
 
         if (!initialized) {
+            // workaround macOS limitation (kIOGPUCommandBufferCallbackErrorImpactingInteractivity) until proper fix becomes possible
+            // ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/20141#issuecomment-4272947703
+            setenv("AGX_RELAX_CDM_CTXSTORE_TIMEOUT", "1", true);
+
             static ggml_backend_metal_reg_ptr reg_ctx(ggml_backend_metal_reg_init());
 
             for (int i = 0; i < g_devices; ++i) {

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-decoder.cpp

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
-#include <mutex>
 #include <openvino/core/dimension.hpp>
 #include <openvino/core/except.hpp>
 #include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
@@ -207,8 +206,22 @@ int GgmlOvDecoder::compute_op_case(const ggml_tensor * node) const {
         break;
     }
     case GGML_OP_ROPE: {
+        const int mode = node->op_params[2];
+        switch (mode) {
+       case GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX: {
+            op_case = 0x00010000;
+            break;
+        }
+       case GGML_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE: {
+            op_case = 0x00020000;
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            op_case = 0x00000000;
+            break;
+        }
         if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
-            op_case = 2;
+            op_case = (op_case | 0x00000002);
         }
         break;
     }
@@ -573,9 +586,6 @@ std::map<std::string, std::string> GgmlOvDecoder::get_kv_param_res_names() const
 }
 
 std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> GgmlOvDecoder::create_weight_nodes(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, bool naive) {
-    static std::mutex weights_mutex;
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(weights_mutex);
-
     std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> model_weights;
     auto * nodes = cgraph->nodes;
     auto n_nodes = cgraph->n_nodes;

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-openvino-extra.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <openvino/runtime/intel_gpu/ocl/ocl.hpp>
 #include <openvino/runtime/intel_npu/level_zero/level_zero.hpp>
+#include <openvino/runtime/properties.hpp>
 #include <optional>
 
 ov::Core & ov_singleton_core() {
@@ -42,11 +43,13 @@ void ggml_openvino_device_config::init() {
             {"NPUW_DQ",                           "YES"   },
             {"NPUW_DQ_FULL",                      "NO"    },
         };
-        if (cache_dir) {
+        if (cache_dir && strlen(cache_dir) > 0) {
             compile_config["NPUW_CACHE_DIR"] = cache_dir;
+            compile_config.insert(ov::cache_mode(ov::CacheMode::OPTIMIZE_SIZE));
         }
-    } else if (cache_dir) {
-        ov_singleton_core().set_property(ov::cache_dir(cache_dir));
+    } else if (cache_dir && strlen(cache_dir) > 0) {
+        compile_config.insert(ov::cache_dir(cache_dir));
+        compile_config.insert(ov::cache_mode(ov::CacheMode::OPTIMIZE_SIZE));
     }
 
     // Initialize remote context with queue sharing for GPU
@@ -259,10 +262,12 @@ ggml_openvino_extracted_layout ggml_openvino_get_extracted_layout(const ggml_ten
             layout.weights_size = layout.is_u4 ? (n_elements / 2) : n_elements;
             int64_t n_blocks = n_elements / layout.weights_per_block;
             layout.scales_size = n_blocks * sizeof(uint16_t);
-            // For symmetric quantization, we only need one zp value (not one per block)
-            // Zero points are stored in U4 or U8 format matching the weight type
-            size_t n_zp_elements = layout.is_symmetric ? 1 : n_blocks;
-            layout.zp_size = layout.is_u4 ? ((n_zp_elements + 1) / 2) : n_zp_elements;
+            // For symmetric quantization, no zp needed (weights stored as signed)
+            if (layout.is_symmetric) {
+                layout.zp_size = 0;
+            } else {
+                layout.zp_size = layout.is_u4 ? ((n_blocks + 1) / 2) : n_blocks;
+            }
 
             layout.weights_offset = 0;
             layout.scales_offset = ((layout.weights_size + alignment - 1) / alignment) * alignment;
@@ -313,10 +318,12 @@ ggml_openvino_extracted_layout ggml_openvino_get_extracted_layout(const ggml_ten
     // Scales: F16 per block
     int64_t n_blocks = n_elements / layout.weights_per_block;
     layout.scales_size = n_blocks * sizeof(uint16_t);  // F16 = 2 bytes
-    // Zero points: U4 or U8 matching weight type
-    // For symmetric quantization, we only need one zp value (not one per block)
-    size_t n_zp_elements = layout.is_symmetric ? 1 : n_blocks;
-    layout.zp_size = layout.is_u4 ? ((n_zp_elements + 1) / 2) : n_zp_elements;
+    // For symmetric quantization, no zp needed (weights stored as signed)
+    if (layout.is_symmetric) {
+        layout.zp_size = 0;
+    } else {
+        layout.zp_size = layout.is_u4 ? ((n_blocks + 1) / 2) : n_blocks;
+    }
 
     // Layout in buffer: [weights | scales | zp] with alignment
     layout.weights_offset = 0;

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-openvino.cpp

@@ -145,13 +145,18 @@ static void * ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer
     return ctx->data;
 }
 
+static bool is_stateful_enabled() {
+    static const auto * stateful = getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION");
+    return stateful && *stateful != '\0' && strcmp(stateful, "0") != 0;
+}
+
 static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, ggml_tensor * tensor) {
     // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: buffer usage=%d, tensor name=%s\n", __func__, buffer->usage, tensor->name);
     ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
 
     // Put kvcache on device memory for GPU (NPU memory is too small even for kvcache)
     if (strncmp(tensor->name, "cache_", 6) == 0 && !ctx->is_remote && ggml_openvino_get_device_name() == "GPU" &&
-        !getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION")) {
+        !is_stateful_enabled()) {
         GGML_ASSERT(ctx->tensor_extras.empty());
         auto device = ctx->device;
         auto size = ctx->size;
@@ -600,6 +605,14 @@ bool ggml_backend_buft_is_openvino_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
 
 static void ggml_backend_openvino_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
     ggml_backend_openvino_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_openvino_context *) backend->context;
+
+    if (ctx->runtime_context) {
+        auto r_ctx = std::static_pointer_cast<ov_runtime_context>(ctx->runtime_context);
+        if (--r_ctx->backend_count == 0) {
+            r_ctx->clear_caches();
+        }
+    }
+
     delete ctx;
     delete backend;
 }
@@ -644,7 +657,12 @@ static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_openvino_guid(void) {
 }
 
 static std::shared_ptr<ov_runtime_context> get_ov_runtime_context_ptr() {
-    static std::shared_ptr<ov_runtime_context> r_ctx = std::make_shared<ov_runtime_context>();
+    static std::shared_ptr<ov_runtime_context> r_ctx = [] {
+        auto ctx = std::make_shared<ov_runtime_context>();
+        ctx->device = ggml_openvino_get_device_name();
+        ctx->stateful = is_stateful_enabled() && !ggml_openvino_is_npu();
+        return ctx;
+    }();
     return r_ctx;
 }
 
@@ -669,8 +687,7 @@ GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_openvino_init(int device) {
     }
 
     std::shared_ptr<ov_runtime_context> r_ctx = std::static_pointer_cast<ov_runtime_context>(ctx->runtime_context);
-    r_ctx->device = ggml_openvino_get_device_name();
-    r_ctx->stateful = getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION") && !ggml_openvino_is_npu();
+    r_ctx->backend_count++;
 
     ggml_backend_t openvino_backend = new ggml_backend{
         /* .guid      = */ ggml_backend_openvino_guid(),
@@ -883,7 +900,7 @@ static bool is_op_unsupported_case(const ggml_tensor * op) {
         const int32_t * op_params = op->op_params;
         const int n_dims = op_params[1];
         const int mode = op_params[2];
-        if (mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL && mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX) {
+        if (mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL && mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX && mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE) {
             // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support ROPE with mode %d\n", mode);
             return true;
         }
@@ -896,14 +913,6 @@ static bool is_op_unsupported_case(const ggml_tensor * op) {
             // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support ROPE with type %s\n", ggml_type_name(op->type));
             return true;
         }
-        float freq_scale;
-        float ext_factor;
-        memcpy(&freq_scale, op_params + 6, sizeof(float));
-        memcpy(&ext_factor, op_params + 7, sizeof(float));
-        if (ext_factor != 0.0f) {
-            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support ROPE with ext_factor %f != 0.0f\n", ext_factor);
-            return true;
-        }
         if (op->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
             if (op->src[0]->view_src->ne[1] != op->src[0]->ne[2]) {
                 // GGML_LOG_WARN(
@@ -913,6 +922,12 @@ static bool is_op_unsupported_case(const ggml_tensor * op) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
+        if (mode == GGML_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE &&
+            (op->src[2] != 0 || ((const float *) op_params)[6] != 1 || ((const float *) op_params)[7] != 0 ||
+             ((const float *) op_params)[8] != 1)) {
+            // GGML_LOG_WARN("OpenVINO backend does not support IMROPE with freq_factors, freq_scale, ext_factor, and attn_factor\n");
+            return true;
+        }
         break;
     }
     default:
@@ -942,6 +957,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_openvino_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, con
                                                  // GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX,
                                                  GGML_OP_SET_ROWS, GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT, GGML_OP_CPY};
     static const std::set<ggml_unary_op> supported_unary_ops{
+        GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU,
         GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU,
     };
     static const std::set<ggml_glu_op> supported_glu_ops{

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-quants.cpp

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ void unpack_32_4(const uint8_t * data, uint8_t * dst) {
 
 // Extracts (weight, scales, zp) from Q4_0 tensors.
 // Data layout is: |16 bit scale|32 x 4bit weights|.
+// When zp_arr is empty (symmetric), weights are stored as signed i4 (value - 8).
 void extract_q4_0_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
                        ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
                        ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
@@ -55,28 +56,32 @@ void extract_q4_0_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
     auto * data = static_cast<uint8_t *>(tensor->data);
     auto * weights = static_cast<uint8_t *>(weights_arr.data());
     auto * scales = scales_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>();
-    auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
 
-    bool is_scalar_zp = (zp_arr.get_size() == 1);  // Symmetric quantization
+    bool is_symmetric = (weights_arr.get_element_type() == ov::element::i4);  // Signed i4 path
 
-    // For Q4_0, zero point is always 8
-    if (is_scalar_zp) {
-        zp[0] = 8 | (8 << 4);  // Pack two 4-bit values
-    }
-
-    ov::parallel_for(scales_arr.get_size(), [&](size_t i) {
-        scales[i] = ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) (data + i * bytes_per_block)));
-        // For asymmetric quantization, compute per-block zero points
-        if (!is_scalar_zp) {
+    if (!is_symmetric) {
+        auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
+        ov::parallel_for(scales_arr.get_size(), [&](size_t i) {
+            scales[i] = ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) (data + i * bytes_per_block)));
             // Pack two 4-bit zero points per byte
             if (i % 2 == 0) {
                 zp[i / 2] = 8;          // Lower nibble
             } else {
                 zp[i / 2] |= (8 << 4);  // Upper nibble
             }
-        }
-        unpack_32_4(data + i * bytes_per_block + 2, weights + i * 16);
-    });
+            unpack_32_4(data + i * bytes_per_block + 2, weights + i * 16);
+        });
+    } else {
+        // Symmetric: unpack as u4 then convert to i4 by subtracting 8 (XOR each nibble)
+        ov::parallel_for(scales_arr.get_size(), [&](size_t i) {
+            scales[i] = ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) (data + i * bytes_per_block)));
+            unpack_32_4(data + i * bytes_per_block + 2, weights + i * 16);
+            // Convert u4 to i4: subtract 8 from each nibble. XOR 0x88 flips each nibble by 8.
+            for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
+                weights[i * 16 + j] ^= 0x88;
+            }
+        });
+    }
 }
 
 // Extracts (weight, scales, zp) from Q4_1 tensors.
@@ -123,6 +128,7 @@ void extract_q4_1_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
 
 // Extracts (weight, scales, zp) from Q8_0 tensors.
 // Data layout is: |16 bit scale|32 x 8bit weights|.
+// When zp_arr is empty (symmetric), weights are stored as signed i8 directly.
 void extract_q8_0_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
                        ov::Tensor & weights_arr,
                        ov::Tensor & scales_arr,
@@ -133,29 +139,30 @@ void extract_q8_0_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
     auto * data = static_cast<uint8_t *>(tensor->data);
     auto * weights = static_cast<uint8_t *>(weights_arr.data());
     auto * scales = scales_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>();
-    auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
 
-    bool is_scalar_zp = (zp_arr.get_size() == 1);  // Symmetric quantization
+    bool is_symmetric = (weights_arr.get_element_type() == ov::element::i8);  // Signed i8 path
 
-    // For Q8_0, zero point is always 128
-    if (is_scalar_zp) {
-        zp[0] = 128;
-    }
-
-    ov::parallel_for(scales_arr.get_size(), [&](size_t i) {
-        uint8_t * block_data = data + i * bytes_per_block;
-        scales[i] = ov::float16::from_bits(*(uint16_t *) block_data);
-        // For asymmetric quantization, store per-block zero points
-        if (!is_scalar_zp) {
+    if (!is_symmetric) {
+        auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
+        ov::parallel_for(scales_arr.get_size(), [&](size_t i) {
+            uint8_t * block_data = data + i * bytes_per_block;
+            scales[i] = ov::float16::from_bits(*(uint16_t *) block_data);
             zp[i] = 128;
-        }
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < weights_per_block; ++j) {
-            uint8_t x = block_data[j + 2];  // j+2 to skip the scale bytes.
-            // Original data is in int8_t, so we add a bias of -128 and invert the first bit.
-            x ^= 1 << 7;
-            weights[i * weights_per_block + j] = x;
-        }
-    });
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < weights_per_block; ++j) {
+                uint8_t x = block_data[j + 2];
+                x ^= 1 << 7;  // Convert int8 to uint8 by flipping sign bit
+                weights[i * weights_per_block + j] = x;
+            }
+        });
+    } else {
+        // Symmetric: store original int8 values directly (no unsigned bias)
+        ov::parallel_for(scales_arr.get_size(), [&](size_t i) {
+            uint8_t * block_data = data + i * bytes_per_block;
+            scales[i] = ov::float16::from_bits(*(uint16_t *) block_data);
+            // Copy int8 weights as-is (the tensor element type is i8)
+            memcpy(weights + i * weights_per_block, block_data + 2, weights_per_block);
+        });
+    }
 }
 
 void unpack_256_4(const uint8_t * data, uint8_t * dst) {
@@ -256,44 +263,62 @@ void extract_q6_k_data(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
     auto * data = static_cast<uint8_t *>(tensor->data);
     auto * weights = static_cast<uint8_t *>(weights_arr.data());
     auto * scales = scales_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>();
-    auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
 
-    bool is_scalar_zp = (zp_arr.get_size() == 1);  // Symmetric quantization
+    bool is_symmetric = (weights_arr.get_element_type() == ov::element::i8);  // Signed i8 path
 
-    // For Q6_K, zero point is always 32
-    if (is_scalar_zp) {
-        zp[0] = 32;
-    }
-
-    ov::parallel_for(n_super_block, [&](size_t i) {
-        uint8_t * block_data = data + i * bytes_per_block;
-
-        float scale_factor =
-            static_cast<float>(ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) block_data + 104)));  // (128+64+16)/2
-
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
-            scales[j + i * 16] =
-                ov::float16(scale_factor * static_cast<float>(*((int8_t *) (block_data + 128 + 64 + j))));
-            // For asymmetric quantization, store per-block zero points
-            if (!is_scalar_zp) {
+    if (!is_symmetric) {
+        auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
+        ov::parallel_for(n_super_block, [&](size_t i) {
+            uint8_t * block_data = data + i * bytes_per_block;
+            float scale_factor = static_cast<float>(ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) block_data + 104)));
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+                scales[j + i * 16] =
+                    ov::float16(scale_factor * static_cast<float>(*((int8_t *) (block_data + 128 + 64 + j))));
                 zp[j + i * 16] = 32;
             }
-        }
-
-        uint8_t * ql = block_data;
-        uint8_t * qh = block_data + 128;
-
-        for (int64_t j = 0; j < 32; ++j) {
-            weights[i * 256 + j] = (ql[j] & 0xF) | (((qh[j] >> 0) & 3) << 4);
-            weights[i * 256 + j + 32] = (ql[32 + j] & 0xF) | (((qh[j] >> 2) & 3) << 4);
-            weights[i * 256 + j + 64] = (ql[j] >> 4) | (((qh[j] >> 4) & 3) << 4);
-            weights[i * 256 + j + 96] = (ql[32 + j] >> 4) | (((qh[j] >> 6) & 3) << 4);
-            weights[i * 256 + j + 128] = (ql[64 + j] & 0xF) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 0) & 3) << 4);
-            weights[i * 256 + j + 160] = (ql[96 + j] & 0xF) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 2) & 3) << 4);
-            weights[i * 256 + j + 192] = (ql[64 + j] >> 4) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 4) & 3) << 4);
-            weights[i * 256 + j + 224] = (ql[96 + j] >> 4) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 6) & 3) << 4);
-        }
-    });
+            uint8_t * ql = block_data;
+            uint8_t * qh = block_data + 128;
+            for (int64_t j = 0; j < 32; ++j) {
+                weights[i * 256 + j] = (ql[j] & 0xF) | (((qh[j] >> 0) & 3) << 4);
+                weights[i * 256 + j + 32] = (ql[32 + j] & 0xF) | (((qh[j] >> 2) & 3) << 4);
+                weights[i * 256 + j + 64] = (ql[j] >> 4) | (((qh[j] >> 4) & 3) << 4);
+                weights[i * 256 + j + 96] = (ql[32 + j] >> 4) | (((qh[j] >> 6) & 3) << 4);
+                weights[i * 256 + j + 128] = (ql[64 + j] & 0xF) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 0) & 3) << 4);
+                weights[i * 256 + j + 160] = (ql[96 + j] & 0xF) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 2) & 3) << 4);
+                weights[i * 256 + j + 192] = (ql[64 + j] >> 4) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 4) & 3) << 4);
+                weights[i * 256 + j + 224] = (ql[96 + j] >> 4) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 6) & 3) << 4);
+            }
+        });
+    } else {
+        // Symmetric: subtract 32 from each weight to store as signed i8
+        ov::parallel_for(n_super_block, [&](size_t i) {
+            uint8_t * block_data = data + i * bytes_per_block;
+            float scale_factor = static_cast<float>(ov::float16::from_bits(*((uint16_t *) block_data + 104)));
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+                scales[j + i * 16] =
+                    ov::float16(scale_factor * static_cast<float>(*((int8_t *) (block_data + 128 + 64 + j))));
+            }
+            uint8_t * ql = block_data;
+            uint8_t * qh = block_data + 128;
+            auto * signed_weights = reinterpret_cast<int8_t *>(weights);
+            for (int64_t j = 0; j < 32; ++j) {
+                signed_weights[i * 256 + j] = static_cast<int8_t>((ql[j] & 0xF) | (((qh[j] >> 0) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
+                signed_weights[i * 256 + j + 32] =
+                    static_cast<int8_t>((ql[32 + j] & 0xF) | (((qh[j] >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
+                signed_weights[i * 256 + j + 64] = static_cast<int8_t>((ql[j] >> 4) | (((qh[j] >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
+                signed_weights[i * 256 + j + 96] =
+                    static_cast<int8_t>((ql[32 + j] >> 4) | (((qh[j] >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
+                signed_weights[i * 256 + j + 128] =
+                    static_cast<int8_t>((ql[64 + j] & 0xF) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 0) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
+                signed_weights[i * 256 + j + 160] =
+                    static_cast<int8_t>((ql[96 + j] & 0xF) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
+                signed_weights[i * 256 + j + 192] =
+                    static_cast<int8_t>((ql[64 + j] >> 4) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
+                signed_weights[i * 256 + j + 224] =
+                    static_cast<int8_t>((ql[96 + j] >> 4) | (((qh[32 + j] >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
+            }
+        });
+    }
 }
 
 static inline void get_scale_min_k4(int j, const uint8_t * q, uint8_t * d, uint8_t * m) {
@@ -389,11 +414,10 @@ ov::Output<ov::Node> make_int8_weights(ov::Tensor & weight,
                                        size_t group_size,
                                        bool use_bias) {
     ov::Shape orig_shape = weight.get_shape();
+    bool is_signed = (weight.get_element_type() == ov::element::i8);  // Symmetric: signed weights, no ZP
 
     // Expand dimensions for scales and zp/bias
     auto scale_shape = scales.get_shape();
-    auto zp_shape = zp.get_shape();
-    bool is_scalar_zp = zp_shape.empty();  // Symmetric quantization
 
     ov::Shape packed_shape = {orig_shape[0], orig_shape[1] / group_size, group_size};
 
@@ -403,37 +427,48 @@ ov::Output<ov::Node> make_int8_weights(ov::Tensor & weight,
     } else {
         scale_shape.push_back(1);
         scales.set_shape(scale_shape);
-        // For symmetric quantization, zp remains scalar (don't resize)
-        if (!is_scalar_zp) {
+        if (!is_signed && zp.get_size() > 0) {
+            auto zp_shape = zp.get_shape();
             zp_shape.push_back(1);
             zp.set_shape(zp_shape);
         }
     }
 
-    // Create graph nodes
-    auto weights_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::u8, packed_shape,
-                                                               static_cast<uint8_t *>(weight.data()), nullptr);
-    weights_node->get_rt_info()["__gguf_tensor_holder"] = weight;
     auto scales_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(scales);
-    auto weights_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(weights_node, ov::element::f16);
 
     ov::Output<ov::Node> result;
-    if (use_bias && !is_scalar_zp) {
-        // Bias path: w * s + b (zp tensor holds f16 bias values)
-        auto bias_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(zp);
-        auto w_s = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(weights_f16, scales_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
-        result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(w_s, bias_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+    if (is_signed) {
+        // Signed path: q * s (no zero point subtraction needed)
+        auto weights_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::i8, packed_shape,
+                                                                   static_cast<uint8_t *>(weight.data()), nullptr);
+        weights_node->get_rt_info()["__gguf_tensor_holder"] = weight;
+        auto weights_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(weights_node, ov::element::f16);
+        result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(weights_f16, scales_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
     } else {
-        // Zero point path: (w - zp) * s
-        auto zero_point = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(zp);
-        float zp_value;
-        if (ov::op::util::get_single_value(zero_point, zp_value)) {
-            zero_point = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(zero_point->get_element_type(), {}, {zp_value});
+        // Unsigned path
+        auto weights_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::u8, packed_shape,
+                                                                   static_cast<uint8_t *>(weight.data()), nullptr);
+        weights_node->get_rt_info()["__gguf_tensor_holder"] = weight;
+        auto weights_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(weights_node, ov::element::f16);
+
+        if (use_bias && zp.get_size() > 0) {
+            // Bias path: w * s + b (zp tensor holds f16 bias values)
+            auto bias_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(zp);
+            auto w_s =
+                std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(weights_f16, scales_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+            result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(w_s, bias_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+        } else {
+            // Zero point path: (w - zp) * s
+            auto zero_point = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(zp);
+            float zp_value;
+            if (ov::op::util::get_single_value(zero_point, zp_value)) {
+                zero_point = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(zero_point->get_element_type(), {}, {zp_value});
+            }
+            auto zero_point_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(zero_point, ov::element::f16);
+            auto w_zp =
+                std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(weights_f16, zero_point_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+            result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(w_zp, scales_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
         }
-        auto zero_point_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(zero_point, ov::element::f16);
-        auto w_zp =
-            std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(weights_f16, zero_point_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
-        result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(w_zp, scales_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
     }
 
     if (packed_shape.size() != 2) {
@@ -452,11 +487,10 @@ ov::Output<ov::Node> make_int4_weights(ov::Tensor & weight,
                                        size_t group_size,
                                        bool use_bias) {
     ov::Shape orig_weight_shape = weight.get_shape();
+    bool is_signed = (weight.get_element_type() == ov::element::i4);  // Symmetric: signed weights, no ZP
 
     // Expand dimensions for scales and zp/bias
     ov::Shape scale_shape = scales.get_shape();
-    auto zp_shape = zp.get_shape();
-    bool is_scalar_zp = zp_shape.empty();  // Symmetric quantization
 
     // Create INT4 weight tensor
     ov::Shape packed_shape = {orig_weight_shape[0], orig_weight_shape[1] / group_size, group_size};
@@ -467,36 +501,48 @@ ov::Output<ov::Node> make_int4_weights(ov::Tensor & weight,
     } else {
         scale_shape.push_back(1);
         scales.set_shape(scale_shape);
-        // For symmetric quantization, zp remains scalar (don't resize)
-        if (!is_scalar_zp) {
+        if (!is_signed && zp.get_size() > 0) {
+            auto zp_shape = zp.get_shape();
             zp_shape.push_back(1);
             zp.set_shape(zp_shape);
         }
     }
 
-    auto weights_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::u4, packed_shape,
-                                                               static_cast<uint8_t *>(weight.data()), nullptr);
-    weights_node->get_rt_info()["__gguf_tensor_holder"] = weight;
-    auto weights_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(weights_node, ov::element::f16);
     auto scales_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(scales);
 
     ov::Output<ov::Node> result;
-    if (use_bias && !is_scalar_zp) {
-        // Bias path: w * s + b (zp tensor holds f16 bias values)
-        auto bias_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(zp);
-        auto w_s = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(weights_f16, scales_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
-        result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(w_s, bias_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+    if (is_signed) {
+        // Signed path: q * s (no zero point subtraction needed)
+        auto weights_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::i4, packed_shape,
+                                                                   static_cast<uint8_t *>(weight.data()), nullptr);
+        weights_node->get_rt_info()["__gguf_tensor_holder"] = weight;
+        auto weights_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(weights_node, ov::element::f16);
+        result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(weights_f16, scales_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
     } else {
-        // Zero point path: (w - zp) * s
-        auto zero_points_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(zp);
-        float zp_value;
-        if (ov::op::util::get_single_value(zero_points_node, zp_value)) {
-            zero_points_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(zero_points_node->get_element_type(), {}, {zp_value});
+        // Unsigned path
+        auto weights_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::u4, packed_shape,
+                                                                   static_cast<uint8_t *>(weight.data()), nullptr);
+        weights_node->get_rt_info()["__gguf_tensor_holder"] = weight;
+        auto weights_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(weights_node, ov::element::f16);
+
+        if (use_bias && zp.get_size() > 0) {
+            // Bias path: w * s + b (zp tensor holds f16 bias values)
+            auto bias_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(zp);
+            auto w_s =
+                std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(weights_f16, scales_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+            result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(w_s, bias_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+        } else {
+            // Zero point path: (w - zp) * s
+            auto zero_points_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(zp);
+            float zp_value;
+            if (ov::op::util::get_single_value(zero_points_node, zp_value)) {
+                zero_points_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(zero_points_node->get_element_type(), {}, {zp_value});
+            }
+            auto zero_points_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(zero_points_node, ov::element::f16);
+            auto w_zp =
+                std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(weights_f16, zero_points_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
+            result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(w_zp, scales_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
         }
-        auto zero_points_f16 = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(zero_points_node, ov::element::f16);
-        auto w_zp =
-            std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(weights_f16, zero_points_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
-        result = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(w_zp, scales_f16, ov::op::AutoBroadcastType::NUMPY);
     }
 
     if (packed_shape.size() != 2) {
@@ -699,24 +745,32 @@ OvWeight process_weight_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, vo
 
     // Quantized path (normal extraction or quantized requant)
     // Create weight/scale/zp tensors - shared between both paths
-    ov::element::Type weight_type = layout.is_u4 ? ov::element::u4 : ov::element::u8;
+    // For symmetric quantization, use signed types (i4/i8) and no ZP tensor
+    ov::element::Type weight_type = layout.is_symmetric ? (layout.is_u4 ? ov::element::i4 : ov::element::i8) :
+                                                          (layout.is_u4 ? ov::element::u4 : ov::element::u8);
     ov::Shape scale_shape = {node_shape[0], node_shape[1] / layout.weights_per_block};
-    ov::Shape zp_shape = layout.is_symmetric ? ov::Shape{} : scale_shape;
 
     if (output_base_ptr) {
         uint8_t * buf_base = static_cast<uint8_t *>(output_base_ptr);
         result.weights = ov::Tensor(weight_type, node_shape, buf_base + layout.weights_offset);
         result.scales = ov::Tensor(ov::element::f16, scale_shape, buf_base + layout.scales_offset);
-        result.zp = ov::Tensor(weight_type, zp_shape, buf_base + layout.zp_offset);
+        if (!layout.is_symmetric) {
+            ov::element::Type zp_type = layout.is_u4 ? ov::element::u4 : ov::element::u8;
+            result.zp = ov::Tensor(zp_type, scale_shape, buf_base + layout.zp_offset);
+        }
+        // else: result.zp remains default-constructed (empty) for symmetric
     } else {
         result.weights = ov::Tensor(weight_type, node_shape);
         result.scales = ov::Tensor(ov::element::f16, scale_shape);
-        if (use_bias && !layout.is_symmetric) {
-            // bias only has effect for asymmetric quant
-            result.zp = ov::Tensor(ov::element::f16, zp_shape);
-        } else {
-            result.zp = ov::Tensor(weight_type, zp_shape);
+        if (!layout.is_symmetric) {
+            if (use_bias) {
+                result.zp = ov::Tensor(ov::element::f16, scale_shape);
+            } else {
+                ov::element::Type zp_type = layout.is_u4 ? ov::element::u4 : ov::element::u8;
+                result.zp = ov::Tensor(zp_type, scale_shape);
+            }
         }
+        // else: result.zp remains default-constructed (empty) for symmetric
     }
 
     if (layout.is_requant && layout.requant_type.has_value()) {
@@ -741,59 +795,75 @@ void quantize_q4_0(const float * x,
 
     auto * weights = static_cast<uint8_t *>(weights_arr.data());
     auto * scales = scales_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>();
-    auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
-    bool is_scalar_zp = (zp_arr.get_size() == 1);  // Symmetric quantization
+    bool is_symmetric = (weights_arr.get_element_type() == ov::element::i4);  // Signed i4 path
 
-    // For Q4_0, zero point is always 8
-    if (is_scalar_zp) {
-        zp[0] = 8 | (8 << 4);  // Pack two 4-bit values
-    }
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        float amax = 0.0f;  // absolute max
-        float max = 0.0f;
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
-            const float v = x[i * qk + j];
-            if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
-                amax = fabsf(v);
-                max = v;
+    if (!is_symmetric) {
+        auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            float amax = 0.0f;
+            float max = 0.0f;
+            for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
+                const float v = x[i * qk + j];
+                if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
+                    amax = fabsf(v);
+                    max = v;
+                }
             }
-        }
-
-        const float d = max / -8;
-
-        if (d == 0) {
-            scales[i] = ov::float16(1.0f);
-            // zp is already set to 8 for symmetric, or set per-block for asymmetric
-            if (!is_scalar_zp) {
+            const float d = max / -8;
+            if (d == 0) {
+                scales[i] = ov::float16(1.0f);
                 if (i % 2 == 0) {
                     zp[i / 2] = 8;
                 } else {
                     zp[i / 2] |= (8 << 4);
                 }
+                memset(weights + i * qk / 2, 8 | (8 << 4), qk / 2);
+                continue;
             }
-            memset(weights + i * qk / 2, 8 | (8 << 4), qk / 2);
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        const float id = 1.0f / d;
-        scales[i] = ov::float16(d);
-        // For asymmetric quantization, store per-block zero points
-        if (!is_scalar_zp) {
+            const float id = 1.0f / d;
+            scales[i] = ov::float16(d);
             if (i % 2 == 0) {
                 zp[i / 2] = 8;
             } else {
                 zp[i / 2] |= (8 << 4);
             }
+            for (int j = 0; j < qk / 2; ++j) {
+                const float x0 = x[i * qk + 2 * j] * id;
+                const float x1 = x[i * qk + 2 * j + 1] * id;
+                const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(15, (int8_t) (x0 + 8.5f));
+                const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(15, (int8_t) (x1 + 8.5f));
+                weights[i * qk / 2 + j] = xi0 | (xi1 << 4);
+            }
         }
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk / 2; ++j) {
-            const float x0 = x[i * qk + 2 * j] * id;
-            const float x1 = x[i * qk + 2 * j + 1] * id;
-            const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(15, (int8_t) (x0 + 8.5f));
-            const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(15, (int8_t) (x1 + 8.5f));
-            weights[i * qk / 2 + j] = xi0 | (xi1 << 4);
+    } else {
+        // Symmetric: produce signed i4 values in [-8, 7]
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            float amax = 0.0f;
+            float max = 0.0f;
+            for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
+                const float v = x[i * qk + j];
+                if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
+                    amax = fabsf(v);
+                    max = v;
+                }
+            }
+            const float d = max / -8;
+            if (d == 0) {
+                scales[i] = ov::float16(1.0f);
+                // i4 value 0 packed: 0x00
+                memset(weights + i * qk / 2, 0, qk / 2);
+                continue;
+            }
+            const float id = 1.0f / d;
+            scales[i] = ov::float16(d);
+            for (int j = 0; j < qk / 2; ++j) {
+                const float x0 = x[i * qk + 2 * j] * id;
+                const float x1 = x[i * qk + 2 * j + 1] * id;
+                // Signed i4: range [-8, 7]. Quantize as round(x*id), then pack as 4-bit two's complement.
+                int8_t si0 = (int8_t) std::max(-8, std::min(7, (int) roundf(x0)));
+                int8_t si1 = (int8_t) std::max(-8, std::min(7, (int) roundf(x1)));
+                weights[i * qk / 2 + j] = (si0 & 0x0F) | ((si1 & 0x0F) << 4);
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -809,36 +879,42 @@ void quantize_q8_0(const float * x,
 
     auto * weights = static_cast<uint8_t *>(weights_arr.data());
     auto * scales = scales_arr.data<ov::element_type_traits<ov::element::f16>::value_type>();
-    auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
-    bool is_scalar_zp = (zp_arr.get_size() == 1);  // Symmetric quantization
+    bool is_symmetric = (weights_arr.get_element_type() == ov::element::i8);  // Signed i8 path
 
-    // For Q8_0, zero point is always 128
-    if (is_scalar_zp) {
-        zp[0] = 128;
-    }
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        float amax = 0.0f;  // absolute max
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
-            const float v = x[i * qk + j];
-            if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
-                amax = fabsf(v);
+    if (!is_symmetric) {
+        auto * zp = static_cast<uint8_t *>(zp_arr.data());
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            float amax = 0.0f;
+            for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
+                const float v = x[i * qk + j];
+                amax = std::max(amax, fabsf(v));
+            }
+            const float d = amax / 127.0f;
+            const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
+            scales[i] = ov::float16(d);
+            zp[i] = 128;
+            for (int j = 0; j < qk; ++j) {
+                const float x0 = x[i * qk + j] * id;
+                const int8_t xi0 = roundf(x0);
+                weights[i * qk + j] = (uint8_t) (xi0 + 128);
             }
         }
-
-        const float d = amax / 127.0f;
-        const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
-        scales[i] = ov::float16(d);
-        // For asymmetric quantization, store per-block zero points
-        if (!is_scalar_zp) {
-            zp[i] = 128;
-        }
-
-        for (int j = 0; j < qk; ++j) {
-            const float x0 = x[i * qk + j] * id;
-            const int8_t xi0 = roundf(x0);
-            weights[i * qk + j] = (uint8_t) (xi0 + 128);
+    } else {
+        // Symmetric: store signed int8 values directly
+        auto * signed_weights = reinterpret_cast<int8_t *>(weights);
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            float amax = 0.0f;
+            for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
+                const float v = x[i * qk + j];
+                amax = std::max(amax, fabsf(v));
+            }
+            const float d = amax / 127.0f;
+            const float id = d ? 1.0f / d : 0.0f;
+            scales[i] = ov::float16(d);
+            for (int j = 0; j < qk; ++j) {
+                const float x0 = x[i * qk + j] * id;
+                signed_weights[i * qk + j] = (int8_t) roundf(x0);
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -861,12 +937,8 @@ void quantize_q8_1(const float * x,
 
         for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
             const float v = x[i * qk + j];
-            if (v < min) {
-                min = v;
-            }
-            if (v > max) {
-                max = v;
-            }
+            min = std::min(v, min);
+            max = std::max(v, max);
         }
 
         const float d = (max - min) / ((1 << 8) - 1);

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/rope.cpp

@@ -9,12 +9,17 @@
 #include <openvino/op/add.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/concat.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/convert.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/cos.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/gather.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/reshape.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/shape_of.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/sin.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/slice.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/split.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/subtract.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/transpose.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/unsqueeze.hpp>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -33,6 +38,12 @@ OutputVector translate_rope(const NodeContext & context) {
     auto data_node = context.get_input(0).get_node_shared_ptr();
     auto output_shape = context.get_output_shape().to_shape();
     int32_t * op_params = context.get_output_op_params();
+    const int mode = (op_case & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16;
+    op_case = (op_case & 0x0000FFFF);
+
+    constexpr int TYPE_NORMAL = 0;
+    constexpr int TYPE_NEOX = 1;
+    constexpr int TYPE_IMROPE = 2;
 
     Output<Node> cos_theta_node;
     Output<Node> sin_theta_node;
@@ -45,7 +56,7 @@ OutputVector translate_rope(const NodeContext & context) {
         if (context.get_input_size() == 3) {
             rope_freqs_weight = context.get_input(2).get_node_shared_ptr();
         }
-        auto sin_cos = make_sin_cos(op_params, inp_pos, rope_freqs_weight);
+        auto sin_cos = make_sin_cos(op_params, inp_pos, rope_freqs_weight, mode == TYPE_IMROPE);
         sin_theta_node = sin_cos.first;
         cos_theta_node = sin_cos.second;
     }
@@ -65,11 +76,7 @@ OutputVector translate_rope(const NodeContext & context) {
         }
     }
 
-    const int mode = op_params[2];
-    constexpr int ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL = 0;
-    constexpr int ROPE_TYPE_NEOX = 2;
-
-    if (mode == ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL) {
+    if (mode == TYPE_NORMAL) {
         auto neg_one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {-1});
         auto zero = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {0});
         auto one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {1});
@@ -97,7 +104,7 @@ OutputVector translate_rope(const NodeContext & context) {
         auto data_shape = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(
             ov::element::i64, {4}, std::vector<int64_t>{1, -1, (int64_t) output_shape[2], (int64_t) output_shape[3]});
         res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(stack, data_shape, false);
-    } else if (mode == ROPE_TYPE_NEOX) {
+    } else if (mode == TYPE_NEOX) {
         auto data_split = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Split>(
             data_node, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{}, {-1}), 2);
         Output<Node> slice_data_node_0 = data_split->outputs()[0];
@@ -112,6 +119,25 @@ OutputVector translate_rope(const NodeContext & context) {
             std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(slice_data_node_1, cos_theta_node));
 
         res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Concat>(ov::OutputVector{first_half_node, second_half_node}, -1);
+    } else if (mode == TYPE_IMROPE) {
+        int64_t n_dims = data_node->get_shape()[3];
+        auto cos_sin_shape = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{4}, std::vector<int64_t>{1,-1,1,(n_dims >> 1)});
+        auto cos_reshaped = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(cos_theta_node, cos_sin_shape, true);
+        auto sin_reshaped = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(sin_theta_node, cos_sin_shape, true);
+
+        auto split_axis = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{}, {3});
+        auto split_a = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Split>(data_node, split_axis, 2);
+        auto x0 = split_a->output(0);
+        auto x1 = split_a->output(1);
+        auto mul_a = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(x0, cos_reshaped);
+        auto mul_b = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(x1, sin_reshaped);
+        auto sub = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(mul_a, mul_b);
+
+        auto mul_c = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(x0, sin_reshaped);
+        auto mul_d = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(x1, cos_reshaped);
+        auto add = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(mul_c, mul_d);
+
+        res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Concat>(ov::OutputVector{sub, add}, 3);
     }
 
     return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op/unary_gelu.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include "../node_context.h"
+#include "../op_table.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+#include <openvino/core/node_output.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/gelu.hpp>
+
+namespace ov {
+namespace frontend {
+namespace ggml {
+namespace op {
+
+OutputVector translate_unary_gelu(const NodeContext & context) {
+    num_inputs_check(context, 1, 1);
+
+    auto input = context.get_input(0);
+    auto res = std::make_shared<ov::op::v7::Gelu>(input);
+
+    return rename_outputs_with_suffix({res}, context.get_name());
+}
+
+}  // namespace op
+}  // namespace ggml
+}  // namespace frontend
+}  // namespace ov

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op_table.cpp

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ std::unordered_map<std::string, CreatorFunction> get_supported_ops() {
         {"GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX",       op::translate_soft_max                         },
         {"GGML_OP_SUB",            op::translate_1to1_match_2_inputs<v1::Subtract>},
         {"GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE",      op::translate_transpose                        },
+        {"GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU",     op::translate_unary_gelu                       },
         {"GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU",     op::translate_unary_silu                       },
         {"GGML_OP_VIEW",           op::translate_view                             },
         {"GGML_GLU_OP_SWIGLU",     op::translate_glu_swiglu                       },

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/op_table.h

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_rms_norm);
 GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_rope);
 GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_scale);
 GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_unary_silu);
+GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_unary_gelu);
 GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_soft_max);
 GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_transpose);
 GGML_OP_CONVERTER(translate_view);

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/eliminate_zp.cpp

@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-#include "eliminate_zp.h"
-
-#include <openvino/core/graph_util.hpp>
-#include <openvino/core/parallel.hpp>
-#include <openvino/core/rt_info.hpp>
-#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
-#include <openvino/op/convert.hpp>
-#include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
-#include <openvino/op/subtract.hpp>
-#include <openvino/pass/pattern/op/label.hpp>
-#include <openvino/pass/pattern/op/pattern.hpp>
-#include <openvino/pass/pattern/op/wrap_type.hpp>
-
-namespace ov {
-namespace frontend {
-namespace ggml {
-namespace pass {
-
-EliminateZeroPoints::EliminateZeroPoints() {
-    // Find pattern:
-    // (Multiply Any(scale)
-    //           (Subtract (Convert Constant(data)))
-    //                     (Convert Constant(zero_point)))
-    // where zero_point is a scalar
-    // If data is u4 and zp value is 8 (q4_0), Replace the Subtract with an i4 Constant whose value is data - zp_val
-    // If data is u8 and zp value is 128 (q8_0) or 32 (q6_k), Replace the Subtract with an i8 Constant
-
-    auto m_data_constant = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v0::Constant>();
-    auto m_data_convert = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v0::Convert>({m_data_constant});
-
-    auto m_zp_constant = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v0::Constant>();
-    auto m_zp_convert = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v0::Convert>({m_zp_constant});
-
-    auto m_subtract = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v1::Subtract>({m_data_convert, m_zp_convert});
-    auto m_scale = ov::pass::pattern::any_input();
-    auto m_multiply = ov::pass::pattern::wrap_type<ov::op::v1::Multiply>({m_scale, m_subtract});
-
-    const auto callback = [=](ov::pass::pattern::Matcher & m) {
-        const auto & pattern_map = m.get_pattern_value_map();
-
-        auto multiply_node =
-            std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(pattern_map.at(m_multiply).get_node_shared_ptr());
-        auto subtract_node =
-            std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(pattern_map.at(m_subtract).get_node_shared_ptr());
-        auto data_constant =
-            std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ov::op::v0::Constant>(pattern_map.at(m_data_constant).get_node_shared_ptr());
-        auto zp_constant =
-            std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ov::op::v0::Constant>(pattern_map.at(m_zp_constant).get_node_shared_ptr());
-
-        if (!multiply_node || !subtract_node || !data_constant || !zp_constant) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (ov::shape_size(zp_constant->get_shape()) != 1) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        auto data_type = data_constant->get_element_type();
-        auto zp_data = zp_constant->cast_vector<int>();
-
-        if (zp_data.empty()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        int zp_value = zp_data[0];
-
-        bool should_eliminate = false;
-        ov::element::Type target_type;
-
-        if (data_type == ov::element::u4 && zp_value == 8) {
-            should_eliminate = true;
-            target_type = ov::element::i4;
-        } else if (data_type == ov::element::u8 && (zp_value == 128 || zp_value == 32)) {
-            should_eliminate = true;
-            target_type = ov::element::i8;
-        }
-
-        if (!should_eliminate) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        auto data_shape = data_constant->get_shape();
-        size_t total_elements = ov::shape_size(data_shape);
-
-        std::shared_ptr<ov::op::v0::Constant> new_constant;
-
-        // TODO improve performance
-        if (data_type == ov::element::u4) {
-            auto data_values = data_constant->cast_vector<uint8_t>();
-            std::vector<int8_t> adjusted_values(total_elements);
-
-            ov::parallel_for(total_elements, [&](size_t i) {
-                adjusted_values[i] = static_cast<int8_t>(static_cast<int>(data_values[i]) - 8);
-            });
-
-            new_constant = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(target_type, data_shape, adjusted_values);
-        } else if (data_type == ov::element::u8) {
-            auto data_values = data_constant->cast_vector<uint8_t>();
-            std::vector<int8_t> adjusted_values(total_elements);
-
-            ov::parallel_for(total_elements, [&, zp_value](size_t i) {
-                adjusted_values[i] = static_cast<int8_t>(static_cast<int>(data_values[i]) - zp_value);
-            });
-
-            new_constant = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(target_type, data_shape, adjusted_values);
-        }
-
-        auto new_convert =
-            std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(new_constant, subtract_node->get_output_element_type(0));
-        ov::replace_node(subtract_node, new_convert);
-
-        return true;
-    };
-
-    register_matcher(
-        std::make_shared<ov::pass::pattern::Matcher>(m_multiply, "ov::frontend::ggml::pass::EliminateZeroPoints"),
-        callback);
-}
-
-}  // namespace pass
-}  // namespace ggml
-}  // namespace frontend
-}  // namespace ov

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/pass/eliminate_zp.h

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#include "openvino/pass/matcher_pass.hpp"
-
-namespace ov {
-namespace frontend {
-namespace ggml {
-namespace pass {
-
-class EliminateZeroPoints : public ov::pass::MatcherPass {
-public:
-    OPENVINO_MATCHER_PASS_RTTI("ov::frontend::ggml::pass::EliminateZeroPoints")
-    EliminateZeroPoints();
-};
-
-}  // namespace pass
-}  // namespace ggml
-}  // namespace frontend
-}  // namespace ov

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/rt_info/weightless_caching_attributes.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018-2026 Intel Corporation
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <openvino/core/core_visibility.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/runtime_attribute.hpp>
+
+namespace ov {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Holds weightless caching attributes of a single constant.
+ *
+ * WeightlessCacheAttribute class represents runtime info attribute that holds
+ * the values of original size of the constant in bytes and the binary offset of the
+ * constant's data in the weights file used by the weightless caching mechanism. It's
+ * not copyable in case the data was changed (the original node was replaced by a new
+ * one produced during the tranformation pipeline) - in that case weightless caching
+ * can't be used for that constant.
+ */
+class OPENVINO_API WeightlessCacheAttribute : public RuntimeAttribute {
+public:
+    OPENVINO_RTTI("WeightlessCacheAttribute", "0", RuntimeAttribute)
+
+    WeightlessCacheAttribute() = delete;
+
+    WeightlessCacheAttribute(size_t original_size, size_t bin_offset, ov::element::Type original_dtype)
+        : original_size(original_size),
+          bin_offset(bin_offset),
+          original_dtype(original_dtype) {}
+
+    bool is_copyable() const override;
+
+    size_t original_size;
+    size_t bin_offset;
+    ov::element::Type original_dtype;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ov

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/translate_session.cpp

@@ -3,15 +3,16 @@
 #include "ggml-openvino/openvino/node_context.h"
 #include "ggml-openvino/openvino/utils.h"
 #include "input_model.h"
-#include "pass/eliminate_zp.h"
 #include "pass/mark_decompression_convert_constant_folding.h"
 #include "pass/squeeze_matmul.h"
+#include "rt_info/weightless_caching_attributes.hpp"
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
+#include <openvino/core/preprocess/pre_post_process.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/add.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/broadcast.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/concat.hpp>
@@ -33,7 +34,6 @@
 #include <openvino/op/unsqueeze.hpp>
 #include <openvino/pass/constant_folding.hpp>
 #include <openvino/pass/make_stateful.hpp>
-#include <openvino/core/preprocess/pre_post_process.hpp>
 
 namespace ov {
 namespace frontend {
@@ -240,6 +240,31 @@ std::shared_ptr<Model> TranslateSession::translate_graph(const frontend::InputMo
     resulting_model = std::make_shared<Model>(results, used_params);
 
     apply_transformations(resulting_model);
+
+    // Set WeightlessCacheAttribute on large constants to avoid unnecessary memory copies
+    // in the NPUW plugin. Without this attribute, NPUW's LazyTensor constructor
+    // (lazy_tensor.cpp, op::Const::Const) will memcpy every constant "in case export
+    // occurs", doubling memory usage per compile_model call.
+    //
+    // The bin_offset field serves as a unique key (not a real file offset) — this is
+    // the same convention the GPU plugin uses for non-IR models (see
+    // Plugin::set_weightless_cache_attributes in intel_gpu/src/plugin/plugin.cpp).
+    // Each constant must have a distinct bin_offset, otherwise GPU's weightless cache
+    // import will map multiple constants to the same data.
+    //
+    // Small constants (< 16 elements) are excluded since they may be introduced by
+    // optimization patterns and the overhead is negligible.
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    for (auto & node : resulting_model->get_ordered_ops()) {
+        if (auto cnst = ov::as_type_ptr<ov::op::v0::Constant>(node);
+            cnst && cnst->get_byte_size() / cnst->get_element_type().size() >= 16) {
+            auto & rt_info = cnst->get_rt_info();
+            if (rt_info.find(ov::WeightlessCacheAttribute::get_type_info_static()) == rt_info.end()) {
+                rt_info[ov::WeightlessCacheAttribute::get_type_info_static()] =
+                    ov::WeightlessCacheAttribute(cnst->get_byte_size(), offset++, cnst->get_element_type());
+            }
+        }
+    }
     return resulting_model;
 }
 
@@ -257,7 +282,6 @@ std::shared_ptr<Model> TranslateSession::apply_transformations(std::shared_ptr<M
         }
 
         if (ggml_model_decoder->is_static()) {
-            manager.register_pass<pass::EliminateZeroPoints>();
             manager.register_pass<pass::SqueezeMatmul>();
         }
         manager.run_passes(model);

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/utils.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 
+#include <cmath>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <ctime>
 #include <memory>
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <openvino/op/gather.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/maximum.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/multiply.hpp>
+#include <openvino/op/reshape.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/shape_of.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/sin.hpp>
 #include <openvino/op/squeeze.hpp>
@@ -87,8 +89,11 @@ ov::Output<ov::Node> rope_yarn_ramp_mix(int n_dims, const float corr_dims[2], fl
     auto ramp_y =
         std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Divide>(std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(dim_ids, corr_low), denom);
     auto ramp_clamped = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Clamp>(ramp_y, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+    // rope_yarn_ramp returns (1 - clamp(y)), so invert before scaling
+    auto one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{1, 1, 1, 1}, {1.0f});
+    auto ramp_inverted = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(one, ramp_clamped);
     auto ext_factor_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{}, {ext_factor});
-    auto ramp_mix = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(ramp_clamped, ext_factor_node);
+    auto ramp_mix = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(ramp_inverted, ext_factor_node);
     return ramp_mix;
 }
 
@@ -115,6 +120,7 @@ void ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(int n_dims,
 std::pair<ov::Output<Node>, ov::Output<Node>> make_sin_cos(int32_t * rope_params,
                                                            std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> inp_pos,
                                                            std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> rope_freqs_weight,
+                                                           bool imrope,
                                                            bool stateful) {
     if (stateful) {
         inp_pos = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Squeeze>(inp_pos, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, {1}, {0}));
@@ -122,6 +128,13 @@ std::pair<ov::Output<Node>, ov::Output<Node>> make_sin_cos(int32_t * rope_params
         auto pos_perm =
             std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{3}, std::vector<int64_t>{2, 1, 0});
         inp_pos = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Transpose>(inp_pos, pos_perm);
+    } else if (imrope) {
+        inp_pos = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(inp_pos, ov::element::f32);
+        auto pos_shape = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{5}, {0, 0, 0, 4, -1});
+        inp_pos = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Reshape>(inp_pos, pos_shape, true);
+        auto pos_transpose_shape =
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{5}, std::vector<int64_t>{0, 1, 2, 4, 3});
+        inp_pos = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Transpose>(inp_pos, pos_transpose_shape);
     } else {
         inp_pos = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Convert>(inp_pos, ov::element::f32);
         auto pos_perm =
@@ -136,6 +149,7 @@ std::pair<ov::Output<Node>, ov::Output<Node>> make_sin_cos(int32_t * rope_params
     float beta_fast;
     float beta_slow;
     const int n_dims = rope_params[1];
+    const size_t n_dims_half = n_dims >> 1;
     const int n_ctx_orig = rope_params[4];
     memcpy(&freq_base, rope_params + 5, sizeof(float));
     memcpy(&freq_scale, rope_params + 6, sizeof(float));
@@ -146,57 +160,74 @@ std::pair<ov::Output<Node>, ov::Output<Node>> make_sin_cos(int32_t * rope_params
 
     const float theta_scale = powf(freq_base, -2.0f / n_dims);
 
-    float corr_dims[2];
-    ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, beta_fast, beta_slow, corr_dims);
-
-    std::vector<float> factor(n_dims / 2);
-    factor[0] = 1.0f;
-    for (size_t i = 1; i < factor.size(); i++) {
-        factor[i] = theta_scale * factor[i - 1];
-    }
+    std::vector<float> factor(n_dims_half);
 
     Output<Node> freq_factors;
-    if (stateful) {
-        freq_factors =
-            std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{1, 1, factor.size()}, factor);
-    } else {
-        freq_factors =
-            std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{1, 1, 1, factor.size()}, factor);
-    }
-    if (rope_freqs_weight) {
-        freq_factors = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Divide>(freq_factors, rope_freqs_weight);
-    }
-
-    auto theta_extrap = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(freq_factors, inp_pos);
-    auto theta_interp = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(
-        theta_extrap, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, {1}, {freq_scale}));
 
     Output<Node> theta;
     float mscale = attn_factor;
-    if (ext_factor == 0.0f) {
-        theta = theta_interp;
+    if (imrope) {
+        std::vector<int64_t> gather_indices(n_dims_half);
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < n_dims_half; j++) {
+            gather_indices[j] = j % 3;
+            factor[j] = std::pow(theta_scale, j);
+        }
+        auto gather_indices_const =
+            std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{n_dims_half}, gather_indices);
+        auto gather_axis = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::i32, ov::Shape{}, {4});
+        inp_pos = std::make_shared<ov::op::v8::Gather>(inp_pos, gather_indices_const, gather_axis);
+        auto factor_const = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{n_dims_half}, factor);
+        theta = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(inp_pos, factor_const);
     } else {
-        auto ramp_mix = rope_yarn_ramp_mix(n_dims, corr_dims, ext_factor);
-        Output<Node> one;
+        float corr_dims[2];
+        ggml_rope_yarn_corr_dims(n_dims, n_ctx_orig, freq_base, beta_fast, beta_slow, corr_dims);
+        factor[0] = 1.0f;
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < factor.size(); i++) {
+            factor[i] = theta_scale * factor[i - 1];
+        }
         if (stateful) {
-            one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{1, 1, 1}, {1.0f});
+            freq_factors =
+                std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{1, 1, factor.size()}, factor);
         } else {
-            one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{1, 1, 1, 1}, {1.0f});
+            freq_factors =
+                std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(ov::element::f32, ov::Shape{1, 1, 1, factor.size()}, factor);
+        }
+        if (rope_freqs_weight) {
+            freq_factors = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Divide>(freq_factors, rope_freqs_weight);
         }
-        auto one_minus_ramp = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(one, ramp_mix);
 
-        theta = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(theta_interp, one_minus_ramp),
-                                                  std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(theta_extrap, ramp_mix));
-        mscale *= (1.0f + 0.1f * std::log(1.0f / freq_scale));
+        auto theta_extrap = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(freq_factors, inp_pos);
+        auto theta_interp = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(
+            theta_extrap, ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, {1}, {freq_scale}));
+
+        if (ext_factor == 0.0f) {
+            theta = theta_interp;
+        } else {
+            auto ramp_mix = rope_yarn_ramp_mix(n_dims, corr_dims, ext_factor);
+            Output<Node> one;
+            if (stateful) {
+                one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{1, 1, 1}, {1.0f});
+            } else {
+                one = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{1, 1, 1, 1}, {1.0f});
+            }
+            auto one_minus_ramp = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Subtract>(one, ramp_mix);
+
+            theta = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Add>(std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(theta_interp, one_minus_ramp),
+                                                      std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(theta_extrap, ramp_mix));
+            mscale *= (1.0f + 0.1f * std::log(1.0f / freq_scale));
+        }
     }
 
     Output<Node> cos_theta = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Cos>(theta);
     Output<Node> sin_theta = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Sin>(theta);
 
-    auto mscale_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{}, {mscale});
+    if (!imrope) {
+        auto mscale_node = ov::op::v0::Constant::create(ov::element::f32, Shape{}, {mscale});
+
+        cos_theta = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(cos_theta, mscale_node);
+        sin_theta = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(sin_theta, mscale_node);
+    }
 
-    cos_theta = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(cos_theta, mscale_node);
-    sin_theta = std::make_shared<ov::op::v1::Multiply>(sin_theta, mscale_node);
     return std::make_pair(sin_theta, cos_theta);
 }
 

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/openvino/utils.h

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ OutputVector rename_outputs_with_suffix(const OutputVector& outputs, const std::
 std::pair<ov::Output<Node>, ov::Output<Node>> make_sin_cos(int32_t* rope_params,
                                                            std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> inp_pos,
                                                            std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> rope_freqs_weight = nullptr,
+                                                           bool imrope = false,
                                                            bool stateful = false);
 
 ov::Output<ov::Node> process_view_input(const NodeContext& context, int input_index, int slice_len = 0);

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/utils.cpp

@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ ov::Tensor create_ov_output_tensor(std::shared_ptr<GgmlOvDecoder> ggml_decoder,
 enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_dynamic(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<ov_runtime_context> r_ctx) {
     auto & core = ov_singleton_core();
     const auto & config = ggml_openvino_get_compile_config();
-    auto device = r_ctx->device;
-    bool stateful = r_ctx->stateful;
+    const auto & device = r_ctx->device;
+    const auto & stateful = r_ctx->stateful;
     static auto is_static = false;
 
     if (is_naive(cgraph)) {
@@ -106,14 +106,26 @@ enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_dynamic(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<
     int64_t infer_end_time;
 
     {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(r_ctx->ov_compute_mutex);
-
-        auto it = r_ctx->decoder_cache.find(key);
-
-        cache_hit = it != r_ctx->decoder_cache.end();
+        std::shared_ptr<decoder_runtime_ctx> entry;
         ModelParams old_m_params;
+
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> map_lock(r_ctx->ctx_mutex);
+            auto it = r_ctx->decoder_cache.find(key);
+            cache_hit = it != r_ctx->decoder_cache.end();
+            if (cache_hit) {
+                entry = it->second;
+            } else {
+                auto mutex = std::make_shared<std::mutex>();
+                entry = std::make_shared<decoder_runtime_ctx>(mutex);
+                r_ctx->decoder_cache[key] = entry;
+            }
+        }
+
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(*(entry->mutex));
+
         if (cache_hit) {
-            ggml_decoder = it->second;
+            ggml_decoder = entry->ptr;
             old_m_params = ggml_decoder->get_model_params();
             cache_hit = old_m_params.can_reuse_dynamically(m_params);
         }
@@ -126,7 +138,10 @@ enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_dynamic(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<
                 ggml_decoder->update_io(cgraph);
             }
             ggml_decoder->add_extra_inputs();
-            infer_request = r_ctx->infer_request_cache.at(key);
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> map_lock(r_ctx->ctx_mutex);
+                infer_request = r_ctx->infer_request_cache.at(key);
+            }
 
             if (stateful) {
                 const auto * inp_pos = get_inp_pos_tensor(cgraph);
@@ -170,7 +185,10 @@ enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_dynamic(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<
             conversion_end_time = decoder_end_time;
             compile_end_time = decoder_end_time;
         } else {
-            r_ctx->infer_request_cache.erase(key);
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> map_lock(r_ctx->ctx_mutex);
+                r_ctx->infer_request_cache.erase(key);
+            }
 
             std::shared_ptr<ov::Model> model;
             auto model_weights = GgmlOvDecoder::create_weight_nodes(cgraph);
@@ -199,8 +217,7 @@ enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_dynamic(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<
             }
             compile_end_time = ggml_time_us();
             infer_request = std::make_shared<ov::InferRequest>(compiled_model.create_infer_request());
-            r_ctx->infer_request_cache[key] = infer_request;
-            r_ctx->decoder_cache[key] = ggml_decoder;
+            entry->ptr = ggml_decoder;
 
             std::vector<std::string> ov_input_names;
             std::vector<std::string> ov_output_names;
@@ -210,8 +227,13 @@ enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_dynamic(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<
             for (const auto & ov_output : model->get_results()) {
                 ov_output_names.push_back(ov_output->get_friendly_name());
             }
-            r_ctx->ov_input_names_cache[key] = std::move(ov_input_names);
-            r_ctx->ov_output_names_cache[key] = std::move(ov_output_names);
+
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> map_lock(r_ctx->ctx_mutex);
+                r_ctx->infer_request_cache[key] = infer_request;
+                r_ctx->ov_input_names_cache[key] = std::move(ov_input_names);
+                r_ctx->ov_output_names_cache[key] = std::move(ov_output_names);
+            }
 
             if (stateful) {
                 const auto * inp_pos = get_inp_pos_tensor(cgraph);
@@ -224,8 +246,13 @@ enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_dynamic(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<
             }
         }
 
-        auto ov_input_names = r_ctx->ov_input_names_cache[key];
-        auto ov_output_names = r_ctx->ov_output_names_cache[key];
+        std::vector<std::string> ov_input_names;
+        std::vector<std::string> ov_output_names;
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> map_lock(r_ctx->ctx_mutex);
+            ov_input_names = r_ctx->ov_input_names_cache[key];
+            ov_output_names = r_ctx->ov_output_names_cache[key];
+        }
 
         for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_input_names.size(); i++) {
             auto param_name = ov_input_names[i];
@@ -306,12 +333,26 @@ enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_static(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<o
     int64_t compile_end_time;
     int64_t infer_end_time;
 
-    auto it = r_ctx->decoder_cache.find(key);
-
-    cache_hit = it != r_ctx->decoder_cache.end();
+    std::shared_ptr<decoder_runtime_ctx> entry;
     ModelParams old_m_params;
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> map_lock(r_ctx->ctx_mutex);
+        auto it = r_ctx->decoder_cache.find(key);
+        cache_hit = it != r_ctx->decoder_cache.end();
+        if (cache_hit) {
+            entry = it->second;
+        } else {
+            auto mutex = std::make_shared<std::mutex>();
+            entry = std::make_shared<decoder_runtime_ctx>(mutex);
+            r_ctx->decoder_cache[key] = entry;
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(*(entry->mutex));
+
     if (cache_hit) {
-        ggml_decoder = it->second;
+        ggml_decoder = entry->ptr;
         old_m_params = ggml_decoder->get_model_params();
         cache_hit = old_m_params.can_reuse_statically(m_params);
     }
@@ -325,14 +366,21 @@ enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_static(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<o
             ggml_decoder->update_io(cgraph);
         }
         ggml_decoder->add_extra_inputs();
-        infer_request = is_prefill ? r_ctx->infer_request_cache_prefill.at(key) : r_ctx->infer_request_cache.at(key);
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> map_lock(r_ctx->ctx_mutex);
+            infer_request =
+                is_prefill ? r_ctx->infer_request_cache_prefill.at(key) : r_ctx->infer_request_cache.at(key);
+        }
 
         decoder_end_time = ggml_time_us();
         conversion_end_time = decoder_end_time;
         compile_end_time = decoder_end_time;
     } else {
-        r_ctx->infer_request_cache.erase(key);
-        r_ctx->infer_request_cache_prefill.erase(key);
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> map_lock(r_ctx->ctx_mutex);
+            r_ctx->infer_request_cache.erase(key);
+            r_ctx->infer_request_cache_prefill.erase(key);
+        }
 
         std::shared_ptr<ov::Model> model;
         auto model_weights = GgmlOvDecoder::create_weight_nodes(cgraph);
@@ -372,16 +420,14 @@ enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_static(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<o
             compiled_model_decode = core.compile_model(model_decode, device, config);
         }
 
-        r_ctx->infer_request_cache_prefill[key] =
-            std::make_shared<ov::InferRequest>(compiled_model_prefill.create_infer_request());
-        r_ctx->infer_request_cache[key] =
-            std::make_shared<ov::InferRequest>(compiled_model_decode.create_infer_request());
+        auto infer_request_prefill = std::make_shared<ov::InferRequest>(compiled_model_prefill.create_infer_request());
+        auto infer_request_decode = std::make_shared<ov::InferRequest>(compiled_model_decode.create_infer_request());
         compile_end_time = ggml_time_us();
 
         model = is_prefill ? model_prefill : model_decode;
         ggml_decoder = is_prefill ? ggml_decoder_prefill : ggml_decoder_decode;
-        infer_request = is_prefill ? r_ctx->infer_request_cache_prefill[key] : r_ctx->infer_request_cache[key];
-        r_ctx->decoder_cache[key] = ggml_decoder;
+        infer_request = is_prefill ? infer_request_prefill : infer_request_decode;
+        entry->ptr = ggml_decoder;
 
         std::vector<std::string> ov_input_names;
         std::vector<std::string> ov_output_names;
@@ -391,18 +437,29 @@ enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_static(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<o
         for (const auto & ov_output : model->get_results()) {
             ov_output_names.push_back(ov_output->get_friendly_name());
         }
-        r_ctx->ov_input_names_cache[key] = std::move(ov_input_names);
-        r_ctx->ov_output_names_cache[key] = std::move(ov_output_names);
+
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> map_lock(r_ctx->ctx_mutex);
+            r_ctx->infer_request_cache_prefill[key] = infer_request_prefill;
+            r_ctx->infer_request_cache[key] = infer_request_decode;
+            r_ctx->ov_input_names_cache[key] = std::move(ov_input_names);
+            r_ctx->ov_output_names_cache[key] = std::move(ov_output_names);
+        }
     }
 
-    auto ov_input_names = r_ctx->ov_input_names_cache[key];
-    auto ov_output_names = r_ctx->ov_output_names_cache[key];
+    std::vector<std::string> ov_input_names_local;
+    std::vector<std::string> ov_output_names_local;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> map_lock(r_ctx->ctx_mutex);
+        ov_input_names_local = r_ctx->ov_input_names_cache[key];
+        ov_output_names_local = r_ctx->ov_output_names_cache[key];
+    }
 
     if (is_prefill) {
         auto inp_len = inp_pos->ne[0];
         for (int chunk_index = 0; chunk_index * prefill_chunk_size < inp_len; chunk_index++) {
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_input_names.size(); i++) {
-                auto param_name = ov_input_names[i];
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_input_names_local.size(); i++) {
+                auto param_name = ov_input_names_local[i];
                 auto input_tensor = get_ov_input_tensor_static_prefill(ggml_decoder, param_name, chunk_index);
                 infer_request->set_input_tensor(i, input_tensor);
 
@@ -412,8 +469,8 @@ enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_static(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<o
                 }
             }
 
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_output_names.size(); i++) {
-                auto * ggml_tensor = ggml_decoder->get_model_outputs().at(ov_output_names[i]);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_output_names_local.size(); i++) {
+                auto * ggml_tensor = ggml_decoder->get_model_outputs().at(ov_output_names_local[i]);
                 auto output_tensor = create_ov_output_tensor(ggml_decoder, infer_request, i, ggml_tensor);
                 infer_request->set_output_tensor(i, output_tensor);
             }
@@ -421,16 +478,16 @@ enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_static(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<o
             infer_request->infer();
 
             if (getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_DEBUG_OUTPUT")) {
-                for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_output_names.size(); i++) {
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_output_names_local.size(); i++) {
                     const auto output_tensor = infer_request->get_output_tensor(i);
-                    print_output_tensor_info(ov_output_names[i], output_tensor, output_tensor.data());
+                    print_output_tensor_info(ov_output_names_local[i], output_tensor, output_tensor.data());
                 }
             }
         }
         infer_end_time = ggml_time_us();
     } else {
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_input_names.size(); i++) {
-            auto param_name = ov_input_names[i];
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_input_names_local.size(); i++) {
+            auto param_name = ov_input_names_local[i];
             auto input_tensor = get_ov_input_tensor_static_decode(ggml_decoder, param_name);
             infer_request->set_input_tensor(i, input_tensor);
 
@@ -440,8 +497,8 @@ enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_static(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<o
             }
         }
 
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_output_names.size(); i++) {
-            auto * ggml_tensor = ggml_decoder->get_model_outputs().at(ov_output_names[i]);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_output_names_local.size(); i++) {
+            auto * ggml_tensor = ggml_decoder->get_model_outputs().at(ov_output_names_local[i]);
             auto output_tensor = create_ov_output_tensor(ggml_decoder, infer_request, i, ggml_tensor);
             infer_request->set_output_tensor(i, output_tensor);
         }
@@ -450,9 +507,9 @@ enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute_static(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::shared_ptr<o
         infer_end_time = ggml_time_us();
 
         if (getenv("GGML_OPENVINO_DEBUG_OUTPUT")) {
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_output_names.size(); i++) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < ov_output_names_local.size(); i++) {
                 const auto output_tensor = infer_request->get_output_tensor(i);
-                print_output_tensor_info(ov_output_names[i], output_tensor, output_tensor.data());
+                print_output_tensor_info(ov_output_names_local[i], output_tensor, output_tensor.data());
             }
         }
     }

ggml/src/ggml-openvino/utils.h

@@ -3,12 +3,15 @@
 #include "ggml-impl.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
 #include <openvino/runtime/core.hpp>
 #include <openvino/runtime/infer_request.hpp>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 struct graph_key {
@@ -40,11 +43,17 @@ struct graph_key_hash {
     }
 };
 
+struct decoder_runtime_ctx {
+    decoder_runtime_ctx(std::shared_ptr<std::mutex> mutex) : mutex(std::move(mutex)) {}
+    std::shared_ptr<std::mutex> mutex;
+    std::shared_ptr<GgmlOvDecoder> ptr;
+};
+
 struct ov_runtime_context {
-    std::mutex ov_compute_mutex;
+    mutable std::mutex ctx_mutex;
     std::string device;
     bool stateful;
-    std::unordered_map<graph_key, std::shared_ptr<GgmlOvDecoder>, graph_key_hash> decoder_cache;
+    std::unordered_map<graph_key, std::shared_ptr<decoder_runtime_ctx>, graph_key_hash> decoder_cache;
     std::unordered_map<graph_key, std::shared_ptr<ov::InferRequest>, graph_key_hash> infer_request_cache;
     std::unordered_map<graph_key, std::shared_ptr<ov::InferRequest>, graph_key_hash> infer_request_cache_prefill;
     std::unordered_map<graph_key, std::vector<std::string>, graph_key_hash> ov_input_names_cache;
@@ -53,11 +62,22 @@ struct ov_runtime_context {
     //      Simultanous stateful inference request support to be added.
     size_t stateful_kv_size;
     std::map<std::string, std::string> kv_state_input_name_map;
+    std::atomic<int> backend_count;
 
     ov_runtime_context() :
         device("CPU"),
         stateful(false),
-        stateful_kv_size(0) {}
+        stateful_kv_size(0),
+        backend_count(0) {}
+
+    void clear_caches() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(ctx_mutex);
+        decoder_cache.clear();
+        infer_request_cache.clear();
+        infer_request_cache_prefill.clear();
+        ov_input_names_cache.clear();
+        ov_output_names_cache.clear();
+    }
 };
 
 enum ggml_status ov_graph_compute(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, ggml_backend_t backend);

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/common.hpp

@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@
 
 namespace syclexp = sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental;
 
+#if defined(__INTEL_LLVM_COMPILER) && __has_include(<sycl/ext/oneapi/bfloat16.hpp>)
+    #include <sycl/ext/oneapi/bfloat16.hpp>
+    #ifndef GGML_SYCL_HAS_BF16
+        #define GGML_SYCL_HAS_BF16
+    #endif
+#endif
+
 #if GGML_SYCL_DNNL
 #include "dnnl.hpp"
 #include "dnnl_sycl.hpp"
@@ -217,7 +224,7 @@ struct sycl_device_info {
                        // cudaOccupancyMaxActiveBlocksPerMultiprocessor
     bool    vmm;                // virtual memory support
     size_t  total_vram;
-    //sycl_hw_info hw_info;     \\ device id and aarch, currently not used
+    sycl_hw_info hw_info;
     optimize_feature opt_feature;
 };
 

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/convert.cpp

@@ -2,13 +2,6 @@
 #include "dequantize.hpp"
 #include "presets.hpp"
 
-#if defined(__INTEL_LLVM_COMPILER)
-    #if __has_include(<sycl/ext/oneapi/bfloat16.hpp>)
-        #include <sycl/ext/oneapi/bfloat16.hpp>
-        #define GGML_SYCL_HAS_BF16
-    #endif
-#endif
-
 template <int qk, int qr, dequantize_kernel_t dequantize_kernel, typename dst_t>
 static void dequantize_block(const void * __restrict__ vx, dst_t * __restrict__ y, const int64_t k,
                              const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1) {
@@ -767,6 +760,22 @@ to_fp32_sycl_t ggml_get_to_fp32_sycl(ggml_type type, ggml_tensor *dst) {
 }
 
 
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_HAS_BF16
+to_bf16_sycl_t ggml_get_to_bf16_sycl(ggml_type type, ggml_tensor * /*dst*/) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            return convert_unary_sycl<float>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            return convert_unary_sycl<sycl::half>;
+        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
+            return convert_unary_sycl<sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16>;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error: unsupport data type=%s\n", ggml_type_name(type));
+            return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
 to_fp16_nc_sycl_t ggml_get_to_fp16_nc_sycl(ggml_type type) {
     switch (type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/convert.hpp

@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ typedef to_t_sycl_t<sycl::half> to_fp16_sycl_t;
 to_fp16_sycl_t ggml_get_to_fp16_sycl(ggml_type type, ggml_tensor * dst);
 to_fp32_sycl_t ggml_get_to_fp32_sycl(ggml_type type, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_HAS_BF16
+typedef to_t_sycl_t<sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16> to_bf16_sycl_t;
+to_bf16_sycl_t ggml_get_to_bf16_sycl(ggml_type type, ggml_tensor * dst);
+#endif
+
 // Nc = Non-contiguous
 template <typename T>
 using to_t_nc_sycl_t = void (*)(const void * x, T * y, int64_t ne00, int64_t ne01, int64_t ne02, int64_t ne03,
@@ -35,15 +40,19 @@ template<typename dst_t, typename src_t>
  inline dst_t ggml_sycl_cast(src_t x) {
     if constexpr (std::is_same_v<dst_t, src_t>) {
         return x;
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_HAS_BF16
     } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<dst_t, sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16>) {
         return sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16(float(x));
     } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<src_t, sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16>) {
         return static_cast<float>(x);
+#endif
     } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<src_t, sycl::float2> && std::is_same_v<dst_t, sycl::half2>) {
         return x.template convert<sycl::half, sycl::rounding_mode::rte>();
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_HAS_BF16
     } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<src_t, sycl::float2> &&
                          std::is_same_v<dst_t, sycl::vec<sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16, 2>>) {
         return {x.x, x.y};
+#endif
     } else if constexpr(std::is_same_v<dst_t, int32_t>) {
         return int32_t(x);
     } else {

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/gemm.hpp

@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ public:
     static constexpr dt to_dt() {
         if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, float>) return dt::f32;
         else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, sycl::half>) return dt::f16;
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_HAS_BF16
+        else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16>) return dt::bf16;
+#endif
         else static_assert(0);
     }
 

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ggml-sycl.cpp

@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ static ggml_sycl_device_info ggml_sycl_init() {
 
         info.max_work_group_sizes[i] = prop.get_max_work_group_size();
         info.devices[i].max_wg_per_cu = info.max_work_group_sizes[i] / prop.get_max_compute_units();
+        info.devices[i].hw_info = get_device_hw_info(&device);
 
     }
 
@@ -2176,6 +2177,31 @@ inline void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_sycl(
 #else
     bool use_fp16 = false;
 #endif
+
+#if GGML_SYCL_DNNL && defined(GGML_SYCL_HAS_BF16)
+    // Fast path for bf16 src0
+    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && !g_ggml_sycl_disable_dnn && ggml_is_contiguous(src0) &&
+        row_diff == src0->ne[1]) {
+        using bf16_t = sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16;
+        ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<bf16_t> src1_as_bf16(ctx.pool(), src1_ncols*ne10);
+        if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+            const to_bf16_sycl_t to_bf16_sycl = ggml_get_to_bf16_sycl(src1->type, dst);
+            GGML_ASSERT(to_bf16_sycl != nullptr);
+            to_bf16_sycl(src1_ddf_i, src1_as_bf16.get(), src1_ncols*ne10, stream);
+        } else {
+            stream->memcpy(src1_as_bf16.get(), src1_ddf_i, src1_ncols*ne10*sizeof(bf16_t));
+        }
+        DnnlGemmWrapper::row_gemm(ctx, row_diff, src1_ncols, ne10,
+                                  src0_dd_i, DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<bf16_t>(),
+                                  src1_as_bf16.get(), DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<bf16_t>(),
+                                  dst_dd_i, DnnlGemmWrapper::to_dt<float>(), stream);
+        GGML_UNUSED(dst);
+        GGML_UNUSED(src1_ddq_i);
+        GGML_UNUSED(src1_padded_row_size);
+        return;
+    }
+#endif
+
     if ((src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || ggml_is_quantized(src0->type)) && use_fp16 && ggml_is_contiguous(src0) &&
         row_diff == src0->ne[1] && dst->op_params[0] == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT) {
         ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<sycl::half> src0_as_f16(ctx.pool());
@@ -3678,9 +3704,16 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor
     // Dispatch becomes obscure with the reorder, MMVQ when the reorder optimization
     // is enabled takes precedence over DMMV, the current if-else implementation
     // requires disabling DMMV if both conditions are met
+
     if (!g_ggml_sycl_prioritize_dmmv && ((should_reorder_tensor(ctx, dst) &&
                                           ggml_sycl_supports_reorder_mmvq(src0->type)))) {
-        use_dequantize_mul_mat_vec = use_dequantize_mul_mat_vec && !use_mul_mat_vec_q;
+      // Arc770 get benefit with Q4_0 by skipping it.
+      if (!(ggml_sycl_info().devices[ctx.device].hw_info.arch ==
+                gpu_arch::intel_gpu_acm_g10 &&
+            src0->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0)) {
+        use_dequantize_mul_mat_vec =
+            use_dequantize_mul_mat_vec && !use_mul_mat_vec_q;
+      }
     }
 
     if (!split && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && ggml_is_permuted(src0) && ggml_is_permuted(src1) && src1->ne[1] == 1) {
@@ -3783,6 +3816,51 @@ __dpct_inline__ static void k_copy_dst_from_contiguous(
     }
 }
 
+// Fused MoE TG fast path. Returns false to fall back to the per-expert loop below.
+static bool ggml_sycl_mul_mat_id_mmvq_fused(
+    ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0,
+    const ggml_tensor * src1, const ggml_tensor * ids, ggml_tensor * dst)
+{
+    const int64_t ne10 = src1->ne[0];
+    const int64_t ne11 = src1->ne[1];
+    const int64_t ne12 = src1->ne[2];
+    if (ne12 != 1) return false;
+    if (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 || dst->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) return false;
+    if (ne10 != src0->ne[0] || ne10 % QK8_1 != 0) return false;
+    if (!ggml_is_contiguous(src1)) return false;
+
+    // Reorder layout not supported; fall back.
+    const ggml_tensor_extra_gpu * src0_extra =
+        static_cast<const ggml_tensor_extra_gpu *>(src0->extra);
+    if (src0_extra && src0_extra->optimized_feature.reorder) return false;
+
+    const int64_t n_ids_per_group = ids->ne[0];
+    if (ids->ne[1] != 1) return false;
+    if (ne11 != 1 && ne11 != n_ids_per_group) return false;
+
+    const queue_ptr stream           = ctx.stream();
+    const int       src1_padded_cols = GGML_PAD((int) ne10, MATRIX_ROW_PADDING);
+    const int       n_experts_used   = (int) n_ids_per_group;
+    const int       nrows            = (int) src0->ne[1];
+
+    ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<char> src1_q8_alloc(ctx.pool(),
+        (size_t) ne11 * src1_padded_cols * sizeof(block_q8_1) / QK8_1);
+    char * src1_ddq = src1_q8_alloc.get();
+    quantize_row_q8_1_sycl<quantize_q8_1>(
+        (const float *) src1->data, src1_ddq, (int) ne10, (int) ne11,
+        src1_padded_cols, stream);
+
+    const size_t bytes_per_qrow = (size_t) src1_padded_cols * sizeof(block_q8_1) / QK8_1;
+    const size_t src1_row_stride = (ne11 == 1) ? 0 : bytes_per_qrow;
+
+    return ggml_sycl_mul_mat_vec_q_id(
+        src0->type, src0->data, src1_ddq, (const int32_t *) ids->data,
+        (float *) dst->data, (int) ne10, nrows, n_experts_used,
+        /*expert_weight_stride=*/ src0->nb[2],
+        /*dst_row_stride=*/ dst->nb[1],
+        src1_row_stride, stream);
+}
+
 static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx,
                                  ggml_tensor *dst) try {
     scope_op_debug_print scope_dbg_print(__func__, dst, /*num_src=*/3);
@@ -3798,6 +3876,12 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx,
     const int64_t n_as = ne02;
     const int64_t n_ids = ids->ne[0];
 
+    if (ne12 == 1) {
+        if (ggml_sycl_mul_mat_id_mmvq_fused(ctx, src0, src1, ids, dst)) {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
     std::vector<char> ids_host(ggml_nbytes(ids));
     const char * ids_dev = (const char *) ids->data;
 
@@ -3848,8 +3932,9 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx,
             }
         }
     } else {
-        ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<char> src1_contiguous(ctx.pool(), sizeof(float)*ggml_nelements(src1));
-        ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<char>  dst_contiguous(ctx.pool(), sizeof(float)*ggml_nelements(dst));
+        const int64_t n_routed_rows = ids->ne[1] * n_ids;
+        ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<char> src1_contiguous(ctx.pool(), sizeof(float)*n_routed_rows*ne10);
+        ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<char>  dst_contiguous(ctx.pool(), sizeof(float)*n_routed_rows*ne0);
 
         src1_row.data = src1_contiguous.get();
         dst_row.data  =  dst_contiguous.get();

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/mmvq.cpp

@@ -1199,3 +1199,154 @@ void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_vec_q(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tens
     GGML_UNUSED(src1_ddf_i);
     GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
 }
+
+// src1_row_stride: 0 for shared src1 (gate/up proj), else per-expert stride (down proj).
+template <int qk, int qi, typename block_q_t, int vdr, vec_dot_q_sycl_t vec_dot_q_sycl>
+static void mul_mat_vec_q_moe(
+    const void * __restrict__ vx_base, const void * __restrict__ vy_base,
+    float * __restrict__ dst_base, const int32_t * __restrict__ ids_dev,
+    const int ncols, const int nrows,
+    const size_t expert_weight_stride, const size_t dst_row_stride,
+    const size_t src1_row_stride,
+    const sycl::nd_item<3> & item_ct1) {
+
+    const int expert_idx = item_ct1.get_group(1);
+    const int i02        = ids_dev[expert_idx];
+
+    const char * vx = (const char *) vx_base + (size_t) i02 * expert_weight_stride;
+    const char * vy = (const char *) vy_base + (size_t) expert_idx * src1_row_stride;
+    float *      dst = (float *) ((char *) dst_base + (size_t) expert_idx * dst_row_stride);
+
+    const int row = item_ct1.get_group(2) * item_ct1.get_local_range(1) + item_ct1.get_local_id(1);
+
+    if (row >= nrows) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int     blocks_per_row  = ncols / qk;
+    constexpr int blocks_per_warp = (vdr * WARP_SIZE + qi - 1) / qi;
+
+    float tmp = 0.0f;
+
+    const block_q_t *  x = (const block_q_t *) vx;
+    const block_q8_1 * y = (const block_q8_1 *) vy;
+
+    for (int i = item_ct1.get_local_id(2) / (qi / vdr); i < blocks_per_row; i += blocks_per_warp) {
+        const int ibx = row * blocks_per_row + i;
+        const int iby = i * (qk / QK8_1);
+
+        for (size_t elem = 0; elem < qi / vdr; elem += WARP_SIZE) {
+            const int iqs = elem + vdr * (item_ct1.get_local_id(2) % (qi / vdr));
+            tmp += vec_dot_q_sycl(&x[ibx], &y[iby], iqs);
+        }
+    }
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int mask = WARP_SIZE / 2; mask > 0; mask >>= 1) {
+        tmp += dpct::permute_sub_group_by_xor(item_ct1.get_sub_group(), tmp, mask);
+    }
+
+    if (item_ct1.get_local_id(2) == 0) {
+        dst[row] = tmp;
+    }
+}
+
+template <int qk, int qi, typename block_q_t, int vdr, vec_dot_q_sycl_t vec_dot_q_sycl>
+static void launch_mul_mat_vec_q_moe(
+    const void * vx_base, const void * vy, const int32_t * ids_dev,
+    float * dst_base, const int ncols, const int nrows, const int n_experts_used,
+    const size_t expert_weight_stride, const size_t dst_row_stride,
+    const size_t src1_row_stride,
+    dpct::queue_ptr stream) {
+    const int            block_num_y = (nrows + GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y - 1) / GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y;
+    const sycl::range<3> block_nums(1, (unsigned) n_experts_used, (unsigned) block_num_y);
+    const sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, GGML_SYCL_MMV_Y, WARP_SIZE);
+    stream->submit([&](sycl::handler & cgh) {
+        cgh.parallel_for(
+            sycl::nd_range<3>(block_nums * block_dims, block_dims),
+            [=](sycl::nd_item<3> item) [[sycl::reqd_sub_group_size(WARP_SIZE)]] {
+                mul_mat_vec_q_moe<qk, qi, block_q_t, vdr, vec_dot_q_sycl>(
+                    vx_base, vy, dst_base, ids_dev, ncols, nrows,
+                    expert_weight_stride, dst_row_stride, src1_row_stride, item);
+            });
+    });
+}
+
+bool ggml_sycl_mul_mat_vec_q_id(
+    enum ggml_type     src0_type,
+    const void *       vx_base,
+    const void *       vy,
+    const int32_t *    ids_dev,
+    float *            dst_base,
+    int                ncols,
+    int                nrows,
+    int                n_experts_used,
+    size_t             expert_weight_stride,
+    size_t             dst_row_stride,
+    size_t             src1_row_stride,
+    dpct::queue_ptr    stream) {
+    switch (src0_type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_q_moe<QK4_0, QI4_0, block_q4_0, VDR_Q4_0_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q4_0_q8_1>(
+                vx_base, vy, ids_dev, dst_base, ncols, nrows, n_experts_used,
+                expert_weight_stride, dst_row_stride, src1_row_stride, stream);
+            return true;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_q_moe<QK4_1, QI4_1, block_q4_1, VDR_Q4_1_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1>(
+                vx_base, vy, ids_dev, dst_base, ncols, nrows, n_experts_used,
+                expert_weight_stride, dst_row_stride, src1_row_stride, stream);
+            return true;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_q_moe<QK5_0, QI5_0, block_q5_0, VDR_Q5_0_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q5_0_q8_1>(
+                vx_base, vy, ids_dev, dst_base, ncols, nrows, n_experts_used,
+                expert_weight_stride, dst_row_stride, src1_row_stride, stream);
+            return true;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_q_moe<QK5_1, QI5_1, block_q5_1, VDR_Q5_1_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1>(
+                vx_base, vy, ids_dev, dst_base, ncols, nrows, n_experts_used,
+                expert_weight_stride, dst_row_stride, src1_row_stride, stream);
+            return true;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_q_moe<QK8_0, QI8_0, block_q8_0, VDR_Q8_0_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q8_0_q8_1>(
+                vx_base, vy, ids_dev, dst_base, ncols, nrows, n_experts_used,
+                expert_weight_stride, dst_row_stride, src1_row_stride, stream);
+            return true;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_q_moe<QK_K, QI2_K, block_q2_K, VDR_Q2_K_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q2_K_q8_1>(
+                vx_base, vy, ids_dev, dst_base, ncols, nrows, n_experts_used,
+                expert_weight_stride, dst_row_stride, src1_row_stride, stream);
+            return true;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_q_moe<QK_K, QI3_K, block_q3_K, VDR_Q3_K_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q3_K_q8_1>(
+                vx_base, vy, ids_dev, dst_base, ncols, nrows, n_experts_used,
+                expert_weight_stride, dst_row_stride, src1_row_stride, stream);
+            return true;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_q_moe<QK_K, QI4_K, block_q4_K, VDR_Q4_K_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q4_K_q8_1>(
+                vx_base, vy, ids_dev, dst_base, ncols, nrows, n_experts_used,
+                expert_weight_stride, dst_row_stride, src1_row_stride, stream);
+            return true;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_q_moe<QK_K, QI5_K, block_q5_K, VDR_Q5_K_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q5_K_q8_1>(
+                vx_base, vy, ids_dev, dst_base, ncols, nrows, n_experts_used,
+                expert_weight_stride, dst_row_stride, src1_row_stride, stream);
+            return true;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_q_moe<QK_K, QI6_K, block_q6_K, VDR_Q6_K_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_q6_K_q8_1>(
+                vx_base, vy, ids_dev, dst_base, ncols, nrows, n_experts_used,
+                expert_weight_stride, dst_row_stride, src1_row_stride, stream);
+            return true;
+        case GGML_TYPE_MXFP4:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_q_moe<QK_MXFP4, QI_MXFP4, block_mxfp4, VDR_MXFP4_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_1>(
+                vx_base, vy, ids_dev, dst_base, ncols, nrows, n_experts_used,
+                expert_weight_stride, dst_row_stride, src1_row_stride, stream);
+            return true;
+        case GGML_TYPE_NVFP4:
+            launch_mul_mat_vec_q_moe<QK_NVFP4, QI_NVFP4, block_nvfp4, VDR_NVFP4_Q8_1_MMVQ, vec_dot_nvfp4_q8_1>(
+                vx_base, vy, ids_dev, dst_base, ncols, nrows, n_experts_used,
+                expert_weight_stride, dst_row_stride, src1_row_stride, stream);
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/mmvq.hpp

@@ -24,4 +24,20 @@ void ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_vec_q(
     const int64_t src1_ncols, const int64_t src1_padded_row_size,
     const dpct::queue_ptr &stream);
 
+// Requires standard (non-reorder) block layout for src0.
+// Returns false if src0_type isn't handled; caller should fall back.
+bool ggml_sycl_mul_mat_vec_q_id(
+    enum ggml_type     src0_type,
+    const void *       vx_base,             // start of stacked expert weights
+    const void *       vy,                  // pre-quantized src1 (Q8_1)
+    const int32_t *    ids_dev,             // device-side int32, length n_experts_used
+    float *            dst_base,
+    int                ncols,
+    int                nrows,
+    int                n_experts_used,
+    size_t             expert_weight_stride, // bytes between experts in vx_base
+    size_t             dst_row_stride,       // bytes between dst rows
+    size_t             src1_row_stride,      // 0 = shared src1, else per-expert stride in bytes
+    dpct::queue_ptr    stream);
+
 #endif // GGML_SYCL_MMVQ_HPP

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/set_rows.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@
 namespace utils {
 template<typename T>
 static constexpr bool is_arithmetic_v() {
-    return std::is_arithmetic_v<T> || std::is_same_v<T, sycl::half> || std::is_same_v<T, sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16>;
+    return std::is_arithmetic_v<T> || std::is_same_v<T, sycl::half>
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_HAS_BF16
+        || std::is_same_v<T, sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16>
+#endif
+        ;
 }
 }
 
@@ -181,6 +185,7 @@ static void set_rows_sycl(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * s
                 stream
             );
             break;
+#ifdef GGML_SYCL_HAS_BF16
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
             set_rows_sycl<TIn, TIdx, sycl::ext::oneapi::bfloat16>(
                 src0_d, src1_d, (char *)dst->data,
@@ -193,6 +198,7 @@ static void set_rows_sycl(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * s
                 stream
             );
             break;
+#endif
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
             set_rows_sycl_q<TIdx, block_q8_0, QK8_0, cpy_blck_f32_q8_0>(src0_d, src1_d, (block_q8_0 *)dst->data, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, nb1, nb2, nb3, stream);
             break;

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/sycl_hw.cpp

@@ -1,15 +1,67 @@
 #include "sycl_hw.hpp"
 
-// TODO: currently not used
-/*
-sycl_hw_info get_device_hw_info(sycl::device *device_ptr) {
-  sycl_hw_info res;
-  int32_t id = device_ptr->get_info<sycl::ext::intel::info::device::device_id>();
-  res.device_id = id;
+using namespace std;
 
-  syclex::architecture arch = device_ptr->get_info<syclex::info::device::architecture>();
-  res.arch = arch;
-
-  return res;
-}
+/*defined in
+* /opt/intel/oneapi/compiler/latest/include/sycl/ext/oneapi/experimental/device_architecture.def
 */
+static map<gpu_arch, std::pair<const char*, sycl_intel_gpu_family>> arch2name = {
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_bdw,     {"intel_gpu_bdw",     GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_skl,     {"intel_gpu_skl",     GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_kbl,     {"intel_gpu_kbl",     GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_cfl,     {"intel_gpu_cfl",     GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_apl,     {"intel_gpu_apl",     GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_glk,     {"intel_gpu_glk",     GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_whl,     {"intel_gpu_whl",     GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_aml,     {"intel_gpu_aml",     GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_cml,     {"intel_gpu_cml",     GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_icllp,   {"intel_gpu_icllp",   GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_ehl,     {"intel_gpu_ehl",     GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_tgllp,   {"intel_gpu_tgllp",   GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_rkl,     {"intel_gpu_rkl",     GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_adl_s,   {"intel_gpu_adl_s",   GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_adl_p,   {"intel_gpu_adl_p",   GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_adl_n,   {"intel_gpu_adl_n",   GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_dg1,     {"intel_gpu_dg1",     GPU_FAMILY_DGPU_CLIENT_GAME}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_acm_g10, {"intel_gpu_acm_g10", GPU_FAMILY_DGPU_CLIENT_GAME}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_acm_g11, {"intel_gpu_acm_g11", GPU_FAMILY_DGPU_CLIENT_GAME}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_acm_g12, {"intel_gpu_acm_g12", GPU_FAMILY_DGPU_CLIENT_GAME}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_pvc,     {"intel_gpu_pvc",     GPU_FAMILY_DGPU_CLOUD}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_pvc_vg,  {"intel_gpu_pvc_vg",  GPU_FAMILY_DGPU_CLOUD}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_mtl_u,   {"intel_gpu_mtl_u",   GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_mtl_h,   {"intel_gpu_mtl_h",   GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_arl_h,   {"intel_gpu_arl_h",   GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_bmg_g21, {"intel_gpu_bmg_g21", GPU_FAMILY_DGPU_CLIENT_GAME}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_bmg_g31, {"intel_gpu_bmg_g31", GPU_FAMILY_DGPU_CLIENT_GAME}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_lnl_m,   {"intel_gpu_lnl_m",   GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_ptl_h,   {"intel_gpu_ptl_h",   GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_ptl_u,   {"intel_gpu_ptl_u",   GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_XE}},
+    {gpu_arch::intel_gpu_wcl,     {"intel_gpu_wcl",     GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_XE}}
+};
+
+
+sycl_hw_info get_device_hw_info(sycl::device* device_ptr) {
+    sycl_hw_info res;
+    int32_t id =
+        device_ptr->get_info<sycl::ext::intel::info::device::device_id>();
+    res.device_id = id;
+
+    res.name = device_ptr->get_info<sycl::info::device::name>();
+
+    syclex::architecture arch =
+        device_ptr->get_info<syclex::info::device::architecture>();
+    res.arch = arch;
+
+    map<syclex::architecture,
+        std::pair<const char*, sycl_intel_gpu_family>>::iterator it =
+        arch2name.find(res.arch);
+    if (it != arch2name.end()) {
+        res.arch_name = it->second.first;
+        res.gpu_family = it->second.second;
+    } else {
+        res.arch_name = "unknown";
+        res.gpu_family = GPU_FAMILY_UKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/sycl_hw.hpp

@@ -9,18 +9,30 @@
 #include <sycl/sycl.hpp>
 
 namespace syclex = sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental;
+using gpu_arch = sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental::architecture;
 
-// TODO: currently not used
-/*
-struct sycl_hw_info {
-  syclex::architecture arch;
-  int32_t device_id;
+// It's used to mark the GPU computing capacity
+// The value must flow the order of performance.
+enum sycl_intel_gpu_family {
+  GPU_FAMILY_UKNOWN = -1,
+  // iGPU without Xe core, before Meteor Lake iGPU(Xe)
+  GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_NON_XE = 0,
+  // iGPU with Xe core, Meteor Lake iGPU or newer.
+  GPU_FAMILY_IGPU_XE = 1,
+  // dGPU for gaming in client/data center (DG1/FLex 140 or newer).
+  GPU_FAMILY_DGPU_CLIENT_GAME = 2,
+  // dGPU for AI in cloud, PVC or newer.
+  GPU_FAMILY_DGPU_CLOUD = 3
 };
 
-bool is_in_vector(std::vector<int> &vec, int item);
+struct sycl_hw_info {
+  syclex::architecture arch;
+  const char* arch_name;
+  int32_t device_id;
+  std::string name;
+  sycl_intel_gpu_family gpu_family;
+};
 
 sycl_hw_info get_device_hw_info(sycl::device *device_ptr);
-*/
-
 
 #endif // SYCL_HW_HPP

ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp

@@ -792,6 +792,7 @@ struct vk_device_struct {
     vk_pipeline pipeline_arange_f32;
 
     vk_pipeline pipeline_fill_f32;
+    vk_pipeline pipeline_fill_f16;
 
     vk_pipeline pipeline_geglu[2];
     vk_pipeline pipeline_reglu[2];
@@ -4577,6 +4578,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_arange_f32, "arange_f32", arange_f32_len, arange_f32_data, "main", 1, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_fill_f32, "fill_f32", fill_f32_len, fill_f32_data, "main", 1, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_fill_f16, "fill_f16", fill_f16_len, fill_f16_data, "main", 1, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
 #define CREATE_GLU(name)  \
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_ ## name [0], #name "_f32", name ## _f32_len, name ## _f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_glu_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1, true);   \
@@ -9844,6 +9846,9 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_op_get_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, const
         if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
             return ctx->device->pipeline_fill_f32;
         }
+        if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+            return ctx->device->pipeline_fill_f16;
+        }
         return nullptr;
     default:
         return nullptr;
@@ -15713,8 +15718,9 @@ static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggm
                 || (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32)
                 || (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && op->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
         case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
-        case GGML_OP_FILL:
             return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
+            return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || op->type == GGML_TYPE_F16;
         case GGML_OP_SCALE:
             return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_PAD:

ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/vulkan-shaders-gen.cpp

@@ -889,6 +889,7 @@ void process_shaders() {
     string_to_spv("add1_f32_f32",   "add1.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
     string_to_spv("arange_f32",     "arange.comp",      {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
     string_to_spv("fill_f32",       "fill.comp",        {{"D_TYPE", "float"},       {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
+    string_to_spv("fill_f16",       "fill.comp",        {{"D_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"FLOAT_TYPE", "float"}});
     string_to_spv("step_f16",       "step.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});
     string_to_spv("step_f32",       "step.comp",        {{"A_TYPE", "float"},       {"D_TYPE", "float"}});
     string_to_spv("round_f16",      "round.comp",       {{"A_TYPE", "float16_t"},   {"D_TYPE", "float16_t"}});

ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/ggml-webgpu-shader-lib.hpp

@@ -44,18 +44,9 @@
 // Matrix-vector multiplication parameters
 #define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_WG_SIZE 256
 
-// Must be multiple of 4 to work with vectorized paths, and must divide
-// mul_mat_vec wg size
-#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_FLOAT_OUTPUTS_PER_WG 64
-#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_FLOAT_TILE_K         256
-
-#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_LEGACY_Q_OUTPUTS_PER_WG 64
-#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_LEGACY_Q_TILE_K         256
-
-// Requires 32 threads per output (wg_size/outputs_per_wg == 32)
-#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_K_Q_OUTPUTS_PER_WG 8
-// Requires at least two (and multiple of 2) k-quant blocks per tile
-#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_K_Q_TILE_K         512
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_FLOAT_OUTPUTS_PER_WG    4
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_LEGACY_Q_OUTPUTS_PER_WG 4
+#define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_K_Q_OUTPUTS_PER_WG      4
 
 // default size for legacy matrix multiplication
 #define WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_WG_SIZE 256
@@ -78,6 +69,7 @@ struct ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context {
     bool     inplace                  = false;
     bool     overlap                  = false;
     bool     src_overlap              = false;
+    bool     supports_subgroups       = false;
     bool     supports_subgroup_matrix = false;
     uint32_t sg_mat_m                 = 0;
     uint32_t sg_mat_n                 = 0;
@@ -106,6 +98,29 @@ struct ggml_webgpu_ssm_conv_shader_decisions {
     uint32_t tokens_per_wg;
 };
 
+struct ggml_webgpu_ssm_scan_pipeline_key {
+    int type;
+    int d_state;
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_ssm_scan_pipeline_key & other) const {
+        return type == other.type && d_state == other.d_state;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_ssm_scan_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_ssm_scan_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.type);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.d_state);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_ssm_scan_shader_decisions {
+    uint32_t wg_size;
+    uint32_t tokens_per_tile;
+};
+
 /** Argsort **/
 
 struct ggml_webgpu_argsort_shader_lib_context {
@@ -202,6 +217,28 @@ struct ggml_webgpu_row_norm_pipeline_key_hash {
     }
 };
 
+/** RMS_NORM + MUL **/
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_rms_norm_mul_pipeline_key {
+    bool inplace;      // rn_src == dst
+    bool overlap;      // mul_src == dst
+    bool src_overlap;  // rn_src == mul_src
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_rms_norm_mul_pipeline_key & other) const {
+        return inplace == other.inplace && overlap == other.overlap && src_overlap == other.src_overlap;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_rms_norm_mul_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_rms_norm_mul_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.inplace);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.overlap);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.src_overlap);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
 /** Pad **/
 struct ggml_webgpu_pad_pipeline_key {
     bool circular;
@@ -248,6 +285,46 @@ struct ggml_webgpu_ssm_conv_pipeline_key {
     }
 };
 
+/** CONV 2D */
+struct ggml_webgpu_conv2d_pipeline_key {
+    ggml_type weight_type;
+    ggml_type input_type;
+    ggml_type output_type;
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_conv2d_pipeline_key & other) const {
+        return weight_type == other.weight_type && input_type == other.input_type && output_type == other.output_type;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_conv2d_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_conv2d_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.weight_type);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.input_type);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.output_type);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
+/** Im2Col **/
+struct ggml_webgpu_im2col_pipeline_key {
+    ggml_type input_type;
+    ggml_type output_type;
+
+    bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_im2col_pipeline_key & other) const {
+        return input_type == other.input_type && output_type == other.output_type;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ggml_webgpu_im2col_pipeline_key_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const ggml_webgpu_im2col_pipeline_key & key) const {
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.input_type);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.output_type);
+        return seed;
+    }
+};
+
 /** Gated Delta Net **/
 struct ggml_webgpu_gated_delta_net_pipeline_key {
     int type;
@@ -382,19 +459,27 @@ struct ggml_webgpu_unary_pipeline_key_hash {
 
 /** FlashAttention */
 
+enum ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_path : uint32_t {
+    GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_SUBGROUP_MATRIX = 0u,
+    GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_TILE            = 1u,
+    GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_VEC             = 2u,
+};
+
 struct ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key {
     ggml_type kv_type;
     uint32_t  head_dim_qk;
     uint32_t  head_dim_v;
     bool      kv_direct;
+    bool      kv_overlap;
     bool      has_mask;
     bool      has_sinks;
     bool      uses_logit_softcap;
+    uint32_t  path;
 
     bool operator==(const ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key & other) const {
         return kv_type == other.kv_type && head_dim_qk == other.head_dim_qk && head_dim_v == other.head_dim_v &&
-               kv_direct == other.kv_direct && has_mask == other.has_mask && has_sinks == other.has_sinks &&
-               uses_logit_softcap == other.uses_logit_softcap;
+               kv_direct == other.kv_direct && kv_overlap == other.kv_overlap && has_mask == other.has_mask &&
+               has_sinks == other.has_sinks && uses_logit_softcap == other.uses_logit_softcap && path == other.path;
     }
 };
 
@@ -405,39 +490,70 @@ struct ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key_hash {
         ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.head_dim_qk);
         ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.head_dim_v);
         ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.kv_direct);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.kv_overlap);
         ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.has_mask);
         ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.has_sinks);
         ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.uses_logit_softcap);
+        ggml_webgpu_hash_combine(seed, key.path);
         return seed;
     }
 };
 
 struct ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_decisions {
-    uint32_t q_tile  = 0;
-    uint32_t kv_tile = 0;
-    uint32_t wg_size = 0;
+    uint32_t path      = GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_SUBGROUP_MATRIX;
+    uint32_t q_tile    = 0;
+    uint32_t kv_tile   = 0;
+    uint32_t wg_size   = 0;
+    bool     kv_direct = false;
 };
 
-struct ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_vec_decisions {
-    uint32_t kv_tile = 0;
-    uint32_t wg_size = 0;
-};
+inline constexpr uint32_t GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_TILE_KV_VEC_WIDTH = 4u;
+inline constexpr uint32_t GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_TILE_Q_TILE       = 4u;
+
+inline uint32_t ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pick_vec_ne(const ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key & key) {
+    if (key.path != GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_VEC || key.kv_type != GGML_TYPE_F16 ||
+        key.head_dim_qk != key.head_dim_v) {
+        return 1u;
+    }
+
+    switch (key.head_dim_qk) {
+        case 64:
+        case 192:
+        case 576:
+            return 2u;
+        case 96:
+            return 4u;
+        default:
+            return 1u;
+    }
+}
 
 inline ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_make_pipeline_key(
-    const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+    const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context,
+    uint32_t                               path) {
     const bool has_mask  = context.src3 != nullptr;
     const bool has_sinks = context.src4 != nullptr;
-    const bool kv_direct = (context.src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) && (context.src0->ne[0] % context.sg_mat_k == 0) &&
-                           (context.src1->ne[1] % GGML_WEBGPU_KV_SEQ_PAD == 0);
+    bool       kv_direct = false;
+    if (path != GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_TILE) {
+        uint32_t kv_direct_align = GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_TILE_KV_VEC_WIDTH;
+        if (path == GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_SUBGROUP_MATRIX) {
+            kv_direct_align = context.sg_mat_k;
+        }
+        kv_direct = (context.src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) &&
+                    (context.src0->ne[0] % std::max(1u, kv_direct_align) == 0) &&
+                    (context.src1->ne[1] % GGML_WEBGPU_KV_SEQ_PAD == 0);
+    }
 
     ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key key = {};
     key.kv_type                             = context.src1->type;
     key.head_dim_qk                         = (uint32_t) context.src0->ne[0];
     key.head_dim_v                          = (uint32_t) context.src2->ne[0];
     key.kv_direct                           = kv_direct;
+    key.kv_overlap                          = context.src_overlap;
     key.has_mask                            = has_mask;
     key.has_sinks                           = has_sinks;
     key.uses_logit_softcap                  = ggml_get_op_params_f32(context.dst, 2) != 0.0f;
+    key.path                                = path;
     return key;
 }
 
@@ -500,8 +616,16 @@ inline size_t ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_wg_mem_bytes(uint32_t q_tile,
 
 inline uint32_t ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_max_kv_tile(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context &      context,
                                                    const ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key & key) {
-    const size_t limit_bytes  = context.wg_mem_limit_bytes;
-    const size_t q_tile       = context.sg_mat_m;
+    const size_t limit_bytes    = context.wg_mem_limit_bytes;
+    uint32_t     q_tile         = context.sg_mat_m;
+    uint32_t     kv_granularity = context.sg_mat_n;
+    if (key.path == GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_TILE) {
+        q_tile         = GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_TILE_Q_TILE;
+        kv_granularity = std::max(1u, context.max_subgroup_size);
+    } else if (key.path == GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_VEC) {
+        q_tile         = 1u;
+        kv_granularity = 8u;
+    }
     const size_t base_q_bytes = (key.head_dim_qk + key.head_dim_v) * q_tile * GGML_WEBGPU_F16_SIZE_BYTES +
                                 2 * q_tile * GGML_WEBGPU_F32_SIZE_BYTES;
     size_t bytes_per_kv = 0;
@@ -514,23 +638,90 @@ inline uint32_t ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_max_kv_tile(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_
     bytes_per_kv += q_tile;
     bytes_per_kv *= GGML_WEBGPU_F16_SIZE_BYTES;
     const uint32_t max_kv_tile = (limit_bytes - base_q_bytes) / bytes_per_kv;
-    return (max_kv_tile / context.sg_mat_n) * context.sg_mat_n;
+    return (max_kv_tile / kv_granularity) * kv_granularity;
 }
 
-inline uint32_t ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_vec_get_kv_tile(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
-    const ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key key         = ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_make_pipeline_key(context);
-    const uint32_t                            min_kv_tile = ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_max_kv_tile(context, key);
-    uint32_t                                  kv_tile     = std::max(context.sg_mat_n, std::min(32u, min_kv_tile));
-    kv_tile                                               = (kv_tile / context.sg_mat_n) * context.sg_mat_n;
+inline ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_decisions ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_get_decisions(
+    const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context,
+    size_t                                 storage_offset_alignment) {
+    ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_decisions decisions = {};
+    const size_t                     alignment = std::max<size_t>(1u, storage_offset_alignment);
+    const auto *                     K         = context.src1;
+    const auto *                     V         = context.src2;
+    GGML_ASSERT(K != nullptr);
+    GGML_ASSERT(V != nullptr);
 
-    if (key.kv_direct) {
-        kv_tile = std::min(kv_tile, GGML_WEBGPU_KV_SEQ_PAD);
-        while (GGML_WEBGPU_KV_SEQ_PAD % kv_tile != 0) {
-            kv_tile -= context.sg_mat_n;
+    const auto flash_attn_tensor_offset = [](const ggml_tensor * tensor) -> size_t {
+        constexpr uintptr_t ptr_base_addr = 0x1000u;
+        const ggml_tensor * base          = tensor->view_src != nullptr ? tensor->view_src : tensor;
+        return reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(base->data) - ptr_base_addr + tensor->view_offs;
+    };
+
+    const uint32_t k_offset_elems =
+        (uint32_t) ((flash_attn_tensor_offset(K) & (alignment - 1)) / ggml_type_size(K->type));
+    const uint32_t v_offset_elems =
+        (uint32_t) ((flash_attn_tensor_offset(V) & (alignment - 1)) / ggml_type_size(V->type));
+    const bool f16_vec4_aligned = (k_offset_elems % GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_TILE_KV_VEC_WIDTH == 0u) &&
+                                  (v_offset_elems % GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_TILE_KV_VEC_WIDTH == 0u);
+    const bool kv_vec_type_supported =
+        K->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || K->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || K->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;
+    const bool use_vec = context.supports_subgroups && (context.src0->ne[1] < 20) && (context.src0->ne[0] % 32 == 0) &&
+                         (context.src2->ne[0] % GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_TILE_KV_VEC_WIDTH == 0) &&
+                         kv_vec_type_supported && (K->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 || f16_vec4_aligned) &&
+                         (context.src2->type == K->type);
+    const bool use_tile = context.supports_subgroups && !context.supports_subgroup_matrix && K->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 &&
+                          V->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && f16_vec4_aligned &&
+                          (context.src0->ne[0] % GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_TILE_KV_VEC_WIDTH == 0) &&
+                          (context.src2->ne[0] % GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_TILE_KV_VEC_WIDTH == 0) && !use_vec;
+
+    decisions.path = use_vec  ? GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_VEC :
+                     use_tile ? GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_TILE :
+                                GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_SUBGROUP_MATRIX;
+
+    const ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key key = ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_make_pipeline_key(context, decisions.path);
+    decisions.kv_direct                           = key.kv_direct;
+
+    if (decisions.path == GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_VEC) {
+        const uint32_t min_kv_tile = ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_max_kv_tile(context, key);
+        decisions.q_tile           = 1u;
+        decisions.kv_tile          = std::max(8u, std::min(32u, min_kv_tile));
+        decisions.kv_tile          = (decisions.kv_tile / 8u) * 8u;
+        decisions.wg_size          = std::max(1u, std::min<uint32_t>(32u, context.max_subgroup_size));
+        if (decisions.kv_direct) {
+            decisions.kv_tile = std::min(decisions.kv_tile, GGML_WEBGPU_KV_SEQ_PAD);
+            while (GGML_WEBGPU_KV_SEQ_PAD % decisions.kv_tile != 0) {
+                decisions.kv_tile -= 8u;
+            }
+        }
+        return decisions;
+    }
+
+    decisions.q_tile =
+        decisions.path == GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_TILE ? GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_TILE_Q_TILE : context.sg_mat_m;
+    decisions.kv_tile = decisions.path == GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_TILE ?
+                            std::min(64u, ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_max_kv_tile(context, key)) :
+                            std::min(ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_max_kv_tile(context, key),
+                                     context.sg_mat_n * GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PREFERRED_KV_SG_TILES);
+    decisions.wg_size = decisions.path == GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_TILE ?
+                            GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PREFERRED_WG_SIZE :
+                            std::max(context.max_subgroup_size, GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PREFERRED_WG_SIZE);
+
+    if (decisions.path == GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_TILE) {
+        const uint32_t tile_kv_granularity = std::max(1u, context.max_subgroup_size);
+        decisions.kv_tile =
+            std::max(tile_kv_granularity, (decisions.kv_tile / tile_kv_granularity) * tile_kv_granularity);
+    }
+
+    if (decisions.kv_direct) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(decisions.kv_tile <= GGML_WEBGPU_KV_SEQ_PAD);
+        while (GGML_WEBGPU_KV_SEQ_PAD % decisions.kv_tile != 0) {
+            decisions.kv_tile -= decisions.path == GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_TILE ?
+                                     std::max(1u, context.max_subgroup_size) :
+                                     context.sg_mat_n;
         }
     }
 
-    return kv_tile;
+    return decisions;
 }
 
 /** Matrix Multiplication **/
@@ -575,7 +766,6 @@ struct ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_vec_pipeline_key_hash {
 
 struct ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_vec_shader_decisions {
     uint32_t wg_size;
-    uint32_t tile_k;
     uint32_t outputs_per_wg;
     uint32_t vec_size;
 };
@@ -743,16 +933,19 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
     std::unordered_map<int, webgpu_pipeline> cumsum_pipelines;         // key is fixed, no variants yet
     std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_row_norm_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_row_norm_pipeline_key_hash>
         row_norm_pipelines;                                            // op/inplace
+
     std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_get_rows_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_get_rows_pipeline_key_hash>
-        get_rows_pipelines;                                            // src_type, vectorized
+        get_rows_pipelines;   // src_type, vectorized
     std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_unary_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_unary_pipeline_key_hash>
-        unary_pipelines;                                               // type/op/inplace
+        unary_pipelines;      // type/op/inplace
     std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_scale_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_scale_pipeline_key_hash>
-        scale_pipelines;                                               // inplace
+        scale_pipelines;      // inplace
     std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_solve_tri_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_solve_tri_pipeline_key_hash>
-        solve_tri_pipelines;                                           // type
+        solve_tri_pipelines;  // type
     std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_ssm_conv_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_ssm_conv_pipeline_key_hash>
-        ssm_conv_pipelines;                                            // type/vectorized
+        ssm_conv_pipelines;   // type/vectorized
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_ssm_scan_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_ssm_scan_pipeline_key_hash>
+        ssm_scan_pipelines;   // type/d_state
     std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_gated_delta_net_pipeline_key,
                        webgpu_pipeline,
                        ggml_webgpu_gated_delta_net_pipeline_key_hash>
@@ -767,8 +960,6 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
         repeat_pipelines;           // type
     std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key_hash>
         flash_attn_pipelines;
-    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key_hash>
-        flash_attn_vec_pipelines;
     std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_vec_reduce_pipeline_key,
                        webgpu_pipeline,
                        ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_vec_reduce_pipeline_key_hash>
@@ -798,6 +989,15 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
         rope_pipelines;
     std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_soft_max_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_soft_max_pipeline_key_hash>
         soft_max_pipelines;
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_conv2d_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_conv2d_pipeline_key_hash>
+        conv2d_pipelines;
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_im2col_pipeline_key, webgpu_pipeline, ggml_webgpu_im2col_pipeline_key_hash>
+        im2col_pipelines;
+
+    std::unordered_map<ggml_webgpu_rms_norm_mul_pipeline_key,
+                       webgpu_pipeline,
+                       ggml_webgpu_rms_norm_mul_pipeline_key_hash>
+        rms_norm_mul_pipelines;
 
   public:
     ggml_webgpu_shader_lib(wgpu::Device device) { this->device = device; }
@@ -1258,6 +1458,53 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
         return ssm_conv_pipelines[key];
     }
 
+    webgpu_pipeline get_ssm_scan_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        ggml_webgpu_ssm_scan_pipeline_key key = {};
+        key.type                              = context.dst->type;
+        key.d_state                           = (int) context.src0->ne[0];
+
+        auto it = ssm_scan_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != ssm_scan_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant = "ssm_scan";
+
+        switch (key.type) {
+            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+                variant += "_f32";
+                break;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported type for ssm_scan shader");
+        }
+
+        const uint32_t wg_size = (uint32_t) key.d_state;
+
+        constexpr uint32_t tokens_per_tile = 4u;
+
+        defines.push_back("WG_SIZE=" + std::to_string(wg_size) + "u");
+        defines.push_back("TOKENS_PER_TILE=" + std::to_string(tokens_per_tile) + "u");
+
+        if (context.supports_subgroups) {
+            defines.push_back("USE_SUBGROUP_REDUCTION");
+            variant += "_sg_reduce";
+        } else {
+            variant += "_wg_reduce";
+        }
+
+        variant += "_d" + std::to_string(key.d_state);
+
+        auto processed             = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_ssm_scan, defines);
+        auto decisions             = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_ssm_scan_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->wg_size         = wg_size;
+        decisions->tokens_per_tile = tokens_per_tile;
+        webgpu_pipeline pipeline   = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        pipeline.context           = decisions;
+        ssm_scan_pipelines[key]    = pipeline;
+        return ssm_scan_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
     webgpu_pipeline get_gated_delta_net_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
         ggml_webgpu_gated_delta_net_pipeline_key key = {};
         key.type                                     = context.dst->type;
@@ -1326,7 +1573,7 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
         ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_vec_pipeline_key key = {};
         key.src0_type                            = context.src0->type;
         key.src1_type                            = context.src1->type;
-        key.vectorized                           = (context.src0->ne[0] % 4 == 0 && context.dst->ne[0] % 4 == 0 &&
+        key.vectorized                           = (context.src0->ne[0] % 4 == 0 &&
                           (context.src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || context.src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16)) ?
                                                        1 :
                                                        0;
@@ -1337,7 +1584,8 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
         }
 
         std::vector<std::string> defines;
-        std::string              variant = "mul_mat_vec";
+        std::string              variant    = "mul_mat_vec";
+        const char *             shader_src = wgsl_mul_mat_vec;
 
         // src0 type (matrix row)
         switch (context.src0->type) {
@@ -1386,25 +1634,25 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
         defines.push_back(key.vectorized ? "VEC" : "SCALAR");
 
         uint32_t wg_size        = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_WG_SIZE;
-        uint32_t tile_k         = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_FLOAT_TILE_K;
         uint32_t outputs_per_wg = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_FLOAT_OUTPUTS_PER_WG;
 
         if (key.src0_type >= GGML_TYPE_Q2_K) {
-            tile_k         = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_K_Q_TILE_K;
             outputs_per_wg = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_K_Q_OUTPUTS_PER_WG;
         } else if (key.src0_type >= GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
-            tile_k         = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_LEGACY_Q_TILE_K;
             outputs_per_wg = WEBGPU_MUL_MAT_VEC_LEGACY_Q_OUTPUTS_PER_WG;
         }
 
         defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(wg_size));
-        defines.push_back(std::string("TILE_K=") + std::to_string(tile_k));
         defines.push_back(std::string("OUTPUTS_PER_WG=") + std::to_string(outputs_per_wg));
+        defines.push_back(context.supports_subgroups ? "USE_SUBGROUP_REDUCTION" : "USE_WORKGROUP_REDUCTION");
+        variant += context.supports_subgroups ? "_sg_reduce" : "_wg_reduce";
+        if (key.vectorized) {
+            variant += "_vectorized";
+        }
 
-        auto processed            = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_mul_mat_vec, defines);
+        auto processed            = preprocessor.preprocess(shader_src, defines);
         auto decisions            = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_mul_mat_vec_shader_decisions>();
         decisions->wg_size        = wg_size;
-        decisions->tile_k         = tile_k;
         decisions->outputs_per_wg = outputs_per_wg;
         decisions->vec_size       = key.vectorized ? 4 : 1;
 
@@ -1813,6 +2061,43 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
         return unary_pipelines[key];
     }
 
+    webgpu_pipeline get_rms_norm_mul_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        ggml_webgpu_rms_norm_mul_pipeline_key key = {};
+        key.inplace                               = context.inplace;
+        key.overlap                               = context.overlap;
+        key.src_overlap                           = context.src_overlap;
+
+        auto it = rms_norm_mul_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != rms_norm_mul_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              op_name = "RMS_NORM_MUL";
+        std::string              variant = op_name;
+
+        if (key.inplace) {
+            defines.push_back("INPLACE");
+            variant += "_inplace";
+        } else if (key.overlap) {
+            defines.push_back("OVERLAP");
+            variant += "_overlap";
+        } else if (key.src_overlap) {
+            defines.push_back("SRC_OVERLAP");
+            variant += "_src_overlap";
+        }
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));
+
+        auto processed              = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_rms_norm_mul, defines);
+        auto decisions              = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->wg_size          = context.max_wg_size;
+        webgpu_pipeline pipeline    = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        pipeline.context            = decisions;
+        rms_norm_mul_pipelines[key] = pipeline;
+        return rms_norm_mul_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
     webgpu_pipeline get_binary_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
         ggml_webgpu_binary_pipeline_key key = {};
         key.type                            = context.dst->type;
@@ -1943,14 +2228,19 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
         return repeat_pipelines[key];
     }
 
-    webgpu_pipeline get_flash_attn_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
-        const ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key key = ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_make_pipeline_key(context);
-        auto                                      it  = flash_attn_pipelines.find(key);
+    webgpu_pipeline get_flash_attn_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context,
+                                            size_t                                 storage_offset_alignment) {
+        const ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_decisions decisions =
+            ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_get_decisions(context, storage_offset_alignment);
+        ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key key = ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_make_pipeline_key(context, decisions.path);
+        auto                                it  = flash_attn_pipelines.find(key);
         if (it != flash_attn_pipelines.end()) {
             return it->second;
         }
         std::vector<std::string> defines;
-        std::string              variant = "flash_attn";
+        std::string              variant = decisions.path == GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_VEC  ? "flash_attn_vec" :
+                                           decisions.path == GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_TILE ? "flash_attn_tile" :
+                                                                                                "flash_attn";
 
         switch (key.kv_type) {
             case GGML_TYPE_F32:
@@ -1972,7 +2262,12 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
 
         if (key.has_mask) {
             defines.push_back("MASK");
-            variant += "_mask";
+            if (key.path == GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_VEC) {
+                defines.push_back("BLK");
+                variant += "_mask_blk";
+            } else {
+                variant += "_mask";
+            }
         }
         if (key.has_sinks) {
             defines.push_back("SINKS");
@@ -1986,6 +2281,10 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
             defines.push_back("KV_DIRECT");
             variant += "_kvdirect";
         }
+        if (key.kv_overlap) {
+            defines.push_back("KV_OVERLAP");
+            variant += "_kv_overlap";
+        }
 
         defines.push_back(std::string("HEAD_DIM_QK=") + std::to_string(key.head_dim_qk));
         variant += std::string("_hsqk") + std::to_string(key.head_dim_qk);
@@ -1993,129 +2292,37 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
         defines.push_back(std::string("HEAD_DIM_V=") + std::to_string(key.head_dim_v));
         variant += std::string("_hsv") + std::to_string(key.head_dim_v);
 
-        defines.push_back(std::string("SG_MAT_M=") + std::to_string(context.sg_mat_m));
-        defines.push_back(std::string("SG_MAT_N=") + std::to_string(context.sg_mat_n));
-        defines.push_back(std::string("SG_MAT_K=") + std::to_string(context.sg_mat_k));
-
-        auto decisions    = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_decisions>();
-        decisions->q_tile = context.sg_mat_m;
-
-        const uint32_t min_kv_tile = ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_max_kv_tile(context, key);
-        uint32_t       kv_tile = std::min(min_kv_tile, context.sg_mat_n * GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PREFERRED_KV_SG_TILES);
-
-        if (key.kv_direct) {
-            kv_tile = std::min(kv_tile, GGML_WEBGPU_KV_SEQ_PAD);
-            while (GGML_WEBGPU_KV_SEQ_PAD % kv_tile != 0) {
-                kv_tile -= context.sg_mat_n;
-            }
+        const char * shader_src = wgsl_flash_attn;
+        if (key.path == GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_VEC) {
+            defines.push_back("KV_GRANULARITY=8");
+            defines.push_back(std::string("VEC_NE=") + std::to_string(ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pick_vec_ne(key)) + "u");
+            shader_src = wgsl_flash_attn_vec_split;
+        } else if (key.path == GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PATH_TILE) {
+            shader_src = wgsl_flash_attn_tile;
+            defines.push_back("MAX_SUBGROUP_SIZE=" + std::to_string(context.max_subgroup_size));
+            defines.push_back("KV_STAGE_STRIDE=" + std::to_string(std::max(key.head_dim_qk, key.head_dim_v)));
+            variant += "_tile";
+        } else {
+            defines.push_back(std::string("SG_MAT_M=") + std::to_string(context.sg_mat_m));
+            defines.push_back(std::string("SG_MAT_N=") + std::to_string(context.sg_mat_n));
+            defines.push_back(std::string("SG_MAT_K=") + std::to_string(context.sg_mat_k));
         }
 
-        decisions->kv_tile = kv_tile;
-        decisions->wg_size = std::max(context.max_subgroup_size, GGML_WEBGPU_FLASH_ATTN_PREFERRED_WG_SIZE);
-
-        defines.push_back(std::string("Q_TILE=") + std::to_string(decisions->q_tile));
-        defines.push_back(std::string("KV_TILE=") + std::to_string(decisions->kv_tile));
-        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(decisions->wg_size));
+        auto pipeline_decisions = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_decisions>(decisions);
+        defines.push_back(std::string("Q_TILE=") + std::to_string(decisions.q_tile));
+        defines.push_back(std::string("KV_TILE=") + std::to_string(decisions.kv_tile));
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(decisions.wg_size));
 
         webgpu_pipeline pipeline =
-            ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_flash_attn, defines), variant);
-        pipeline.context          = decisions;
+            ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, preprocessor.preprocess(shader_src, defines), variant);
+        pipeline.context          = pipeline_decisions;
         flash_attn_pipelines[key] = pipeline;
         return flash_attn_pipelines[key];
     }
 
-    webgpu_pipeline get_flash_attn_vec_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
-        const ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_pipeline_key key = ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_make_pipeline_key(context);
-        auto                                      it  = flash_attn_vec_pipelines.find(key);
-        if (it != flash_attn_vec_pipelines.end()) {
-            return it->second;
-        }
-
-        std::vector<std::string> defines;
-        std::string              variant = "flash_attn_vec";
-
-        switch (key.kv_type) {
-            case GGML_TYPE_F32:
-                defines.push_back("KV_F32");
-                break;
-            case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-                defines.push_back("KV_F16");
-                break;
-            case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
-                defines.push_back("KV_Q4_0");
-                break;
-            case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
-                defines.push_back("KV_Q8_0");
-                break;
-            default:
-                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported KV type for flash attention shader");
-        }
-        variant += std::string("_") + ggml_type_name(key.kv_type);
-
-        if (key.has_mask) {
-            defines.push_back("MASK");
-            defines.push_back("BLK");
-            variant += "_mask_blk";
-        }
-        if (key.has_sinks) {
-            defines.push_back("SINKS");
-            variant += "_sinks";
-        }
-        if (key.uses_logit_softcap) {
-            defines.push_back("LOGIT_SOFTCAP");
-            variant += "_lgsc";
-        }
-        if (key.kv_direct) {
-            defines.push_back("KV_DIRECT");
-            variant += "_kvdirect";
-        }
-
-        defines.push_back(std::string("HEAD_DIM_QK=") + std::to_string(key.head_dim_qk));
-        variant += std::string("_hsqk") + std::to_string(key.head_dim_qk);
-
-        defines.push_back(std::string("HEAD_DIM_V=") + std::to_string(key.head_dim_v));
-        variant += std::string("_hsv") + std::to_string(key.head_dim_v);
-
-        defines.push_back(std::string("SG_MAT_M=") + std::to_string(context.sg_mat_m));
-        defines.push_back(std::string("SG_MAT_N=") + std::to_string(context.sg_mat_n));
-        defines.push_back(std::string("SG_MAT_K=") + std::to_string(context.sg_mat_k));
-        defines.push_back("Q_TILE=1");
-
-        auto decisions     = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_vec_decisions>();
-        decisions->kv_tile = ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_vec_get_kv_tile(context);
-        decisions->wg_size = std::max(1u, std::min<uint32_t>(32u, context.max_subgroup_size));
-        uint32_t vec_ne    = 1u;
-
-        // Keep conservative defaults unless this is the f16 vec-split shape family.
-        if (key.kv_type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && key.head_dim_qk == key.head_dim_v) {
-            switch (key.head_dim_qk) {
-                case 64:
-                case 192:
-                case 576:
-                    vec_ne = 2u;
-                    break;
-                case 96:
-                    vec_ne = 4u;
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        defines.push_back(std::string("KV_TILE=") + std::to_string(decisions->kv_tile));
-        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(decisions->wg_size));
-        defines.push_back(std::string("VEC_NE=") + std::to_string(vec_ne) + "u");
-
-        webgpu_pipeline pipeline =
-            ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_flash_attn_vec_split, defines), variant);
-        pipeline.context              = decisions;
-        flash_attn_vec_pipelines[key] = pipeline;
-        return flash_attn_vec_pipelines[key];
-    }
-
-    webgpu_pipeline get_flash_attn_blk_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+    webgpu_pipeline get_flash_attn_blk_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context, uint32_t kv_tile) {
         ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_blk_pipeline_key key = {};
-        key.kv_tile                                 = ggml_webgpu_flash_attn_vec_get_kv_tile(context);
+        key.kv_tile                                 = kv_tile;
         auto it                                     = flash_attn_blk_pipelines.find(key);
         if (it != flash_attn_blk_pipelines.end()) {
             return it->second;
@@ -2390,6 +2597,84 @@ class ggml_webgpu_shader_lib {
         return soft_max_pipelines[key];
     }
 
+    webgpu_pipeline get_conv2d_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        ggml_webgpu_conv2d_pipeline_key key = {};
+        key.weight_type                     = context.src0->type;
+        key.input_type                      = context.src1->type;
+        key.output_type                     = context.dst->type;
+
+        auto it = conv2d_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != conv2d_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant = "conv_2d";
+
+        auto push_type_defines = [&](const char * prefix, ggml_type type) {
+            std::string s_prefix = prefix;
+            if (type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "_F32");
+            } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "_F16");
+            } else {
+                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported type for CONV_2D shader");
+            }
+        };
+
+        push_type_defines("WEIGHT", key.weight_type);
+        push_type_defines("INPUT", key.input_type);
+        push_type_defines("OUTPUT", key.output_type);
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));
+
+        auto processed           = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_conv2d, defines);
+        auto decisions           = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->wg_size       = context.max_wg_size;
+        webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        pipeline.context         = decisions;
+        conv2d_pipelines[key]    = pipeline;
+        return conv2d_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
+    webgpu_pipeline get_im2col_pipeline(const ggml_webgpu_shader_lib_context & context) {
+        ggml_webgpu_im2col_pipeline_key key = {};
+        key.input_type                      = context.src1->type;
+        key.output_type                     = context.dst->type;
+
+        auto it = im2col_pipelines.find(key);
+        if (it != im2col_pipelines.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> defines;
+        std::string              variant = "im2col";
+
+        auto push_type_defines = [&](const char * prefix, ggml_type type) {
+            std::string s_prefix = prefix;
+            if (type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "_F32");
+            } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                defines.push_back(s_prefix + "_F16");
+            } else {
+                GGML_ABORT("Unsupported type for IM2COL shader");
+            }
+        };
+
+        push_type_defines("INPUT", key.input_type);
+        push_type_defines("OUTPUT", key.output_type);
+
+        defines.push_back(std::string("WG_SIZE=") + std::to_string(context.max_wg_size));
+
+        auto processed           = preprocessor.preprocess(wgsl_im2col, defines);
+        auto decisions           = std::make_shared<ggml_webgpu_generic_shader_decisions>();
+        decisions->wg_size       = context.max_wg_size;
+        webgpu_pipeline pipeline = ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(device, processed, variant);
+        pipeline.context         = decisions;
+        im2col_pipelines[key]    = pipeline;
+        return im2col_pipelines[key];
+    }
+
   private:
     static webgpu_pipeline ggml_webgpu_create_pipeline(wgpu::Device & device,
                                                        std::string    shader_code,

ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/common_decls.tmpl

@@ -45,6 +45,13 @@ fn load_u16_at_src0(byte_offset: u32) -> u32 {
     return (word >> shift) & 0xFFFFu;
 }
 
+// Always reads the 4-byte-aligned word containing byte_offset.
+// Caller extracts the 16-bit half it needs via & 0xFFFFu or >> 16u.
+// this is used in k-quants for better performance
+fn load_u32_at_src0_aligned(byte_offset: u32) -> u32 {
+    return src0[(byte_offset & ~3u) / 4u];
+}
+
 fn load_u32_at_src0(byte_offset: u32) -> u32 {
     let word_idx = byte_offset / 4u;
     let shift = (byte_offset & 0x3u) * 8u;

ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/conv2d.wgsl

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+#include "common_decls.tmpl"
+enable f16;
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+#if defined(WEIGHT_F32)
+var<storage, read_write> weights: array<f32>;
+#elif defined(WEIGHT_F16)
+var<storage, read_write> weights: array<f16>;
+#endif
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+#if defined(INPUT_F32)
+var<storage, read_write> input: array<f32>;
+#elif defined(INPUT_F16)
+var<storage, read_write> input: array<f16>;
+#endif
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+#if defined(OUTPUT_F32)
+var<storage, read_write> output: array<f32>;
+#elif defined(OUTPUT_F16)
+var<storage, read_write> output: array<f16>;
+#endif
+
+struct Params {
+    offset_w: u32,
+    offset_i: u32,
+    offset_o: u32,
+
+    // element strides
+    sw0: u32, sw1: u32, sw2: u32, sw3: u32,
+    si0: u32, si1: u32, si2: u32, si3: u32,
+    so0: u32, so1: u32, so2: u32, so3: u32,
+
+    // kernel dimensions
+    KW: u32, KH: u32, IC: u32,
+    // input dimensions
+    IW: u32, IH: u32,
+    // output dimensions
+    OW: u32, OH: u32, OC_out: u32, N_out: u32,
+
+    // stride
+    s0: u32, s1: u32,
+    // padding
+    p0: u32, p1: u32,
+    // dilation
+    d0: u32, d1: u32,
+};
+
+@group(0) @binding(3)
+var<uniform> params: Params;
+
+fn load_weight(idx: u32) -> f32 {
+    #if defined(WEIGHT_F32)
+        return weights[idx];
+    #elif defined(WEIGHT_F16)
+        return f32(weights[idx]);
+    #endif
+}
+
+fn load_input(idx: u32) -> f32 {
+    #if defined(INPUT_F32)
+        return input[idx];
+    #elif defined(INPUT_F16)
+        return f32(input[idx]);
+    #endif
+}
+
+fn store_output(idx: u32, val: f32) {
+    #if defined(OUTPUT_F32)
+        output[idx] = val;
+    #elif defined(OUTPUT_F16)
+        output[idx] = f16(val);
+    #endif
+}
+
+fn ceil_div_u32(x: u32, y: u32) -> u32 {
+    return (x + y - 1) / y;
+}
+
+// returns the first valid kernel index k such that base + k * step >= 0
+fn first_valid_k(base: i32, step: u32) -> u32 {
+    if (base >= 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return ceil_div_u32(u32(-base), step);
+}
+
+// returns the first invalid kernel index k such that base + k * step >= limit so valid k are in [0, end_valid_k)
+fn end_valid_k(base: i32, step: u32, limit: u32, k_max: u32) -> u32 {
+    let remaining = i32(limit) - base;
+    if (remaining <= 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return min(k_max, ceil_div_u32(u32(remaining), step));
+}
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(WG_SIZE)
+fn main(
+    @builtin(global_invocation_id) gid: vec3<u32>,
+    @builtin(num_workgroups) num_wg: vec3<u32>
+) {
+
+    let threads_per_group = u32(WG_SIZE);
+    let i_out = gid.x + (num_wg.x * threads_per_group) * gid.y;
+    let n_out = params.OW * params.OH * params.OC_out * params.N_out;
+
+    var sum: f32 = 0.0;
+    if (i_out >= n_out) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Kernel layout: [KW, KH, IC, ..]
+    // Input layout:  [IW, IH, .., ..]
+    // Output layout: [OW, OH, OC, N]
+
+    var i = i_out;
+    let n = i / (params.OC_out * params.OH * params.OW);
+    i = i % (params.OC_out * params.OH * params.OW);
+    let oc = i / (params.OH * params.OW);
+    i = i % (params.OH * params.OW);
+    let oh = i / params.OW;
+    let ow = i % params.OW;
+
+    let ow_base = i32(ow * params.s0) - i32(params.p0);
+    let oh_base = i32(oh * params.s1) - i32(params.p1);
+
+    // clip the valid kernel window once
+    let kw_begin = first_valid_k(ow_base, params.d0);
+    let kw_end = end_valid_k(ow_base, params.d0, params.IW, params.KW);
+    let kh_begin = first_valid_k(oh_base, params.d1);
+    let kh_end = end_valid_k(oh_base, params.d1, params.IH, params.KH);
+
+    // entire receptive field is out of bounds
+    if (kw_begin >= kw_end || kh_begin >= kh_end) {
+        let out_idx = params.offset_o + ow * params.so0 + oh * params.so1 + oc * params.so2 + n * params.so3;
+        store_output(out_idx, 0.0);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let weight_oc_base = params.offset_w + oc * params.sw3;
+    let input_n_base = params.offset_i + n * params.si3;
+
+    for (var ic: u32 = 0; ic < params.IC; ic += 1) {
+        let w_base_ic = ic * params.sw2 + weight_oc_base;
+        let in_base = ic * params.si2 + input_n_base;
+
+        for (var kh: u32 = kh_begin; kh < kh_end; kh += 1) {
+            let ih = u32(oh_base + i32(kh * params.d1));
+            let w_row_base = w_base_ic + kh * params.sw1;
+            let in_row_base = in_base + ih * params.si1;
+            for (var kw: u32 = kw_begin; kw < kw_end; kw += 1) {
+                let iw = u32(ow_base + i32(kw * params.d0));
+                let w_idx = w_row_base + kw * params.sw0;
+                let in_idx = in_row_base + iw * params.si0;
+                sum += load_weight(w_idx) * load_input(in_idx);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let out_idx = params.offset_o + ow * params.so0 + oh * params.so1 + oc * params.so2 + n * params.so3;
+    store_output(out_idx, sum);
+}

ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/wgsl-shaders/flash_attn.wgsl

@@ -138,25 +138,54 @@ struct Params {
 };
 
 @group(0) @binding(0) var<storage, read_write> Q: array<f32>;
+#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
+@group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> K: array<KV_TYPE>;
+#define V K
+#else
 @group(0) @binding(1) var<storage, read_write> K: array<KV_TYPE>;
 @group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> V: array<KV_TYPE>;
+#endif
 
 #if defined(MASK) && defined(SINKS)
-@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
-@group(0) @binding(4) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
-#define DST_BINDING 5
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 6
-#elif defined(MASK)
-@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
-#define DST_BINDING 4
-#define PARAMS_BINDING 5
-#elif defined(SINKS)
+#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
+@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
 @group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
 #define DST_BINDING 4
 #define PARAMS_BINDING 5
 #else
+@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
+@group(0) @binding(4) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
+#define DST_BINDING 5
+#define PARAMS_BINDING 6
+#endif
+#elif defined(MASK)
+#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
+@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
 #define DST_BINDING 3
 #define PARAMS_BINDING 4
+#else
+@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> mask: array<f16>;
+#define DST_BINDING 4
+#define PARAMS_BINDING 5
+#endif
+#elif defined(SINKS)
+#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
+@group(0) @binding(2) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
+#define DST_BINDING 3
+#define PARAMS_BINDING 4
+#else
+@group(0) @binding(3) var<storage, read_write> sinks: array<f32>;
+#define DST_BINDING 4
+#define PARAMS_BINDING 5
+#endif
+#else
+#ifdef KV_OVERLAP
+#define DST_BINDING 2
+#define PARAMS_BINDING 3
+#else
+#define DST_BINDING 3
+#define PARAMS_BINDING 4
+#endif
 #endif
 
 @group(0) @binding(DST_BINDING) var<storage, read_write> dst: array<vec4<f32>>;