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`common_speculative_impl_draft_dflash::process()` returned early on any batch carrying embeddings, so an image prefill never had its target-layer features fused through the DFlash encoder and injected into the draft's KV cache. That left a hole spanning the image's positions, and the next injection at a post-image position failed to initialize its batch: ``` decoding image batch 1/1, n_tokens_batch = 256 decode: failed to initialize batch llama_decode: failed to decode, ret = -1 process: llama_decode(ctx_dft) failed rc=-1 (n_tokens=17, offset=0) srv decode: failed to process speculative batch ``` Every image request with `--spec-type draft-dflash` failed with HTTP 500. Text-only was unaffected, since those batches carry token ids and were let through. Restore the earlier condition, which admits a batch that is either tokens or embeddings and skips only the degenerate neither/both cases. The rest of `process()` is already layout-agnostic -- it gathers features via `llama_get_embeddings_layer_inp()` and indexes `batch_in.pos[]` / `batch_in.seq_id[]`, none of which assume token ids -- so this is the whole fix. Validated against `muse-glimmer-30B-bf16.gguf` + `mmproj-muse-glimmer-30B-bf16.gguf` + a DFlash draft head, on an image describe-the-shapes request: - before: HTTP 500, `failed to process speculative batch` - after: HTTP 200, draft acceptance 0.34012 (167 accepted / 491 generated), mean len 3.04 Output equivalence holds, which is the property that matters: at temperature 0 the drafted response is byte-identical to the same request served with no draft attached (1213/1213 chars), so the draft is drafting correctly through the image context rather than merely not crashing.
llama.cpp
LLM inference in C/C++
manifesto / ggml / ops / maintainer PRs / dev branches / compile times / lib llama API / llama-server REST API
Quick start
A few options to get llama.cpp installed on your machine:
- Visit https://llama.app and follow the instructions
- Run with Docker - see our Docker documentation
- Download pre-built binaries from the releases page
- Build from source by cloning this repository - check out our build guide
Once installed:
# Download and run a model directly from Hugging Face
llama cli -hf ggml-org/Qwen3.5-0.8B-GGUF
# Launch OpenAI-compatible API server
llama serve -hf ggml-org/Qwen3.5-0.8B-GGUF
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Description
The main goal of llama.cpp is to enable LLM (and VLM) inference with minimal setup and state-of-the-art performance on
a wide range of hardware - locally and in the cloud.
- Plain C/C++ implementation without any dependencies
- Apple silicon is a first-class citizen - optimized via ARM NEON, Accelerate and Metal frameworks
- AVX, AVX2, AVX512 and AMX support for x86 architectures
- RVV, ZVFH, ZFH, ZICBOP and ZIHINTPAUSE support for RISC-V architectures
- 1.5-bit, 2-bit, 3-bit, 4-bit, 5-bit, 6-bit, and 8-bit integer quantization for faster inference and reduced memory use
- Custom CUDA kernels for running LLMs on NVIDIA GPUs (support for AMD GPUs via HIP and Moore Threads GPUs via MUSA)
- Vulkan and SYCL backend support
- CPU+GPU hybrid inference to partially accelerate models larger than the total VRAM capacity
The llama.cpp project is build on top of the ggml library.
Supported backends
| Backend | Target devices |
|---|---|
| BLAS | All |
| BLIS | All |
| CANN | Ascend NPU |
| CUDA | Nvidia GPU |
| HIP | AMD GPU |
| Hexagon [In Progress] | Snapdragon |
| IBM zDNN | IBM Z & LinuxONE |
| MUSA | Moore Threads GPU |
| Metal | Apple Silicon |
| OpenCL | Adreno GPU |
| OpenVINO [In Progress] | Intel CPUs, GPUs, and NPUs |
| RPC | All |
| SYCL | Intel GPU |
| VirtGPU | VirtGPU APIR |
| Vulkan | GPU |
| WebGPU | All |
| ZenDNN | AMD CPU |
Documentation
Tools
Development
- How to build
- Running on Docker
- Build on Android
- Multi-GPU usage
- Performance troubleshooting
- GGML tips & tricks
- XCFramework
- Completions
- Models
Contributing
- Contributors can open PRs
- Collaborators will be invited based on contributions
- Maintainers can push to branches in the
llama.cpprepo and merge PRs into themasterbranch - Any help with managing issues, PRs and projects is very appreciated!
- Read the CONTRIBUTING.md for more information
Acknowledgements
- yhirose/cpp-httplib - Single-header HTTP server, used by
llama-server- MIT license - stb-image - Single-header image format decoder, used by multimodal subsystem - Public domain
- nlohmann/json - Single-header JSON library, used by various tools/examples - MIT License
- miniaudio.h - Single-header audio format decoder, used by multimodal subsystem - Public domain
- subprocess.h - Single-header process launching solution for C and C++ - Public domain