chrore: enable Windows ROCm(HIP) build release (#956)

* build: fix missing commit sha in macOS and Ubuntu build zip name

The build workflows for macOS and Ubuntu incorrectly check for the
"main" branch instead of "master" when retrieving the commit hash for
naming the build artifacts.

* build: correct Vulkan SDK installation condition in build workflow

* build: Enable Windows ROCm(HIP) build release

Refer to the build workflow of llama.cpp to add a Windows ROCm (HIP)
build release to the workflow.
Since there are many differences between the HIP build and other
builds, this commit add a separate "windows-latest-cmake-hip" job,
instead of enabling the ROCm matrix entry in the existing Windows
build job.

Main differences include:

- Install ROCm SDK from AMD official installer.
- Add a cache step for ROCm installation and a ccache step for build
  processing, since the HIP build takes much longer time than other
  builds.
- Include the ROCm/HIP artifact in the release assets.

.clang-tidy

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Checks: >
+  modernize-make-shared,
+  modernize-use-nullptr,
+  modernize-use-override,
+  modernize-pass-by-value,
+  modernize-return-braced-init-list,
+  modernize-deprecated-headers,
+HeaderFilterRegex: '^$'
+WarningsAsErrors: ''
+FormatStyle: none

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+name: 🐞 Bug Report
+description: Report a bug or unexpected behavior
+title: "[Bug] "
+labels: ["bug"]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Please use this template and include as many details as possible to help us reproduce and fix the issue.
+  - type: textarea
+    id: commit
+    attributes:
+      label: Git commit
+      description: Which commit are you trying to compile?
+      placeholder: |
+        $git rev-parse HEAD
+        40a6a8710ec15b1b5db6b5a098409f6bc8f654a4
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: input
+    id: os
+    attributes:
+      label: Operating System & Version
+      placeholder: e.g. “Ubuntu 22.04”, “Windows 11 23H2”, “macOS 14.3”
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: backends
+    attributes:
+        label: GGML backends
+        description: Which GGML backends do you know to be affected?
+        options: [CPU, CUDA, HIP, Metal, Musa, SYCL, Vulkan, OpenCL]
+        multiple: true
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: input
+    id: cmd_arguments
+    attributes:
+      label: Command-line arguments used
+      placeholder: The full command line you ran (with all flags)
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: steps_to_reproduce
+    attributes:
+      label: Steps to reproduce
+      placeholder: A step-by-step list of what you did
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: expected_behavior
+    attributes:
+      label: What you expected to happen
+      placeholder: Describe the expected behavior or result
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: actual_behavior
+    attributes:
+      label: What actually happened
+      placeholder: Describe what you saw instead (errors, logs, crash, etc.)
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: logs_and_errors
+    attributes:
+      label: Logs / error messages / stack trace
+      placeholder: Paste complete logs or error output
+  - type: textarea
+    id: additional_info
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional context / environment details
+      placeholder: e.g. CPU model, GPU, RAM, model file versions, quantization type, etc.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+name: 💡 Feature Request
+description: Suggest a new feature or improvement
+title: "[Feature] "
+labels: ["enhancement"]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        Thank you for suggesting an improvement! Please fill in the fields below.
+  - type: input
+    id: summary
+    attributes:
+      label: Feature Summary
+      placeholder: A one-line summary of the feature you’d like
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: description
+    attributes:
+      label: Detailed Description
+      placeholder: What problem does this solve? How do you expect it to work?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: alternatives
+    attributes:
+      label: Alternatives you considered
+      placeholder: Any alternative designs or workarounds you tried
+  - type: textarea
+    id: additional_context
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional context
+      placeholder: Any extra information (use cases, related functionalities, constraints)

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Get commit hash
         id: commit
-        if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
+        if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
         uses: pr-mpt/actions-commit-hash@v2
 
       - name: Fetch system info
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Get commit hash
         id: commit
-        if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
+        if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
         uses: pr-mpt/actions-commit-hash@v2
 
       - name: Fetch system info
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-2025
 
     env:
-      VULKAN_VERSION: 1.3.261.1
+      VULKAN_VERSION: 1.4.328.1
 
     strategy:
       matrix:
@@ -162,10 +162,8 @@ jobs:
             defines: "-DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_AVX=ON -DGGML_AVX2=OFF -DSD_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON"
           - build: "avx512"
             defines: "-DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_AVX512=ON -DGGML_AVX=ON -DGGML_AVX2=ON -DSD_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON"
-          # - build: "cuda12"
-          #   defines: "-DSD_CUDA=ON -DSD_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=90;89;86;80;75"
-          # - build: "rocm5.5"
-          #   defines: '-G Ninja -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DSD_HIPBLAS=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DAMDGPU_TARGETS="gfx1100;gfx1102;gfx1030" -DSD_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON'
+          - build: "cuda12"
+            defines: "-DSD_CUDA=ON -DSD_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=90;89;86;80;75"
           - build: 'vulkan'
             defines: "-DSD_VULKAN=ON -DSD_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON"
     steps:
@@ -184,24 +182,11 @@ jobs:
           method: "network"
           sub-packages: '["nvcc", "cudart", "cublas", "cublas_dev", "thrust", "visual_studio_integration"]'
 
-      - name: Install rocm-toolkit
-        id: rocm-toolkit
-        if: ${{ matrix.build == 'rocm5.5' }}
-        uses: Cyberhan123/rocm-toolkit@v0.1.0
-        with:
-          rocm: "5.5.0"
-
-      - name: Install Ninja
-        id: install-ninja
-        if: ${{ matrix.build == 'rocm5.5' }}
-        uses: urkle/action-get-ninja@v1
-        with:
-          version: 1.11.1
       - name: Install Vulkan SDK
         id: get_vulkan
         if: ${{ matrix.build == 'vulkan' }}
         run: |
-          curl.exe -o $env:RUNNER_TEMP/VulkanSDK-Installer.exe -L "https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/${env:VULKAN_VERSION}/windows/VulkanSDK-${env:VULKAN_VERSION}-Installer.exe"
+          curl.exe -o $env:RUNNER_TEMP/VulkanSDK-Installer.exe -L "https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/${env:VULKAN_VERSION}/windows/vulkansdk-windows-X64-${env:VULKAN_VERSION}.exe"
           & "$env:RUNNER_TEMP\VulkanSDK-Installer.exe" --accept-licenses --default-answer --confirm-command install
           Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "VULKAN_SDK=C:\VulkanSDK\${env:VULKAN_VERSION}"
           Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\VulkanSDK\${env:VULKAN_VERSION}\bin"
@@ -277,6 +262,104 @@ jobs:
           path: |
             sd-${{ env.BRANCH_NAME }}-${{ steps.commit.outputs.short }}-bin-win-${{ matrix.build }}-x64.zip
 
+  windows-latest-cmake-hip:
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+
+    env:
+      HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION: "25.Q3"
+      GPU_TARGETS: "gfx1151;gfx1200;gfx1201;gfx1100;gfx1101;gfx1102;gfx1030;gfx1031;gfx1032"
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          submodules: recursive
+
+      - name: Cache ROCm Installation
+        id: cache-rocm
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm
+          key: rocm-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: windows-latest-cmake-hip-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-x64
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
+      - name: Install ROCm
+        if: steps.cache-rocm.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+          write-host "Downloading AMD HIP SDK Installer"
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-WinSvr2022-For-HIP.exe" -OutFile "${env:RUNNER_TEMP}\rocm-install.exe"
+          write-host "Installing AMD HIP SDK"
+          $proc = Start-Process "${env:RUNNER_TEMP}\rocm-install.exe" -ArgumentList '-install' -NoNewWindow -PassThru
+          $completed = $proc.WaitForExit(600000)
+          if (-not $completed) {
+              Write-Error "ROCm installation timed out after 10 minutes. Killing the process"
+              $proc.Kill()
+              exit 1
+          }
+          if ($proc.ExitCode -ne 0) {
+              Write-Error "ROCm installation failed with exit code $($proc.ExitCode)"
+              exit 1
+          }
+          write-host "Completed AMD HIP SDK installation"
+
+      - name: Verify ROCm
+        run: |
+          # Find and test ROCm installation
+          $clangPath = Get-ChildItem 'C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*\bin\clang.exe' | Select-Object -First 1
+          if (-not $clangPath) {
+            Write-Error "ROCm installation not found"
+            exit 1
+          }
+          & $clangPath.FullName --version
+          # Set HIP_PATH environment variable for later steps
+          echo "HIP_PATH=$(Resolve-Path 'C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*\bin\clang.exe' | split-path | split-path)" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          mkdir build
+          cd build
+          $env:CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="${env:HIP_PATH}"
+          cmake .. `
+            -G "Unix Makefiles" `
+            -DSD_HIPBLAS=ON `
+            -DSD_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON `
+            -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF `
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang `
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ `
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
+            -DGPU_TARGETS="${{ env.GPU_TARGETS }}"
+          cmake --build . --config Release --parallel ${env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}
+
+      - name: Get commit hash
+        id: commit
+        if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
+        uses: pr-mpt/actions-commit-hash@v2
+
+      - name: Pack artifacts
+        if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
+        run: |
+          md "build\bin\rocblas\library\"
+          md "build\bin\hipblaslt\library"
+          cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\hipblas.dll" "build\bin\"
+          cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\hipblaslt.dll" "build\bin\"
+          cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\rocblas.dll" "build\bin\"
+          cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\rocblas\library\*" "build\bin\rocblas\library\"
+          cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\hipblaslt\library\*" "build\bin\hipblaslt\library\"
+          7z a sd-${{ env.BRANCH_NAME }}-${{ steps.commit.outputs.short }}-bin-win-rocm-x64.zip .\build\bin\*
+
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: sd-${{ env.BRANCH_NAME }}-${{ steps.commit.outputs.short }}-bin-win-rocm-x64.zip
+          path: |
+            sd-${{ env.BRANCH_NAME }}-${{ steps.commit.outputs.short }}-bin-win-rocm-x64.zip
+
   release:
     if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
 
@@ -286,6 +369,7 @@ jobs:
       - ubuntu-latest-cmake
       - macOS-latest-cmake
       - windows-latest-cmake
+      - windows-latest-cmake-hip
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
@@ -305,7 +389,6 @@ jobs:
         id: commit_count
         run: |
           echo "count=$(git rev-list --count HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo "DEBUG: commit count = $(git rev-list --count HEAD)"
 
       - name: Get commit hash
         id: commit
@@ -318,10 +401,7 @@ jobs:
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         with:
-          tag_name: >
-            ${{ github.ref_name == 'master' &&
-                format('release_{0}_{1}', steps.commit_count.outputs.count, steps.commit.outputs.short) ||
-                format('{0}-{1}', env.BRANCH_NAME, steps.commit.outputs.short) }}
+          tag_name: ${{ format('{0}-{1}-{2}', env.BRANCH_NAME, steps.commit_count.outputs.count, steps.commit.outputs.short) }}
 
       - name: Upload release
         id: upload_release

.gitignore

@@ -12,3 +12,4 @@ test/
 output*.png
 models*
 *.log
+preview.png

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ option(SD_SYCL                       "sd: sycl backend" OFF)
 option(SD_MUSA                       "sd: musa backend" OFF)
 option(SD_FAST_SOFTMAX               "sd: x1.5 faster softmax, indeterministic (sometimes, same seed don't generate same image), cuda only" OFF)
 option(SD_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS          "sd: build shared libs" OFF)
+option(SD_BUILD_SHARED_GGML_LIB      "sd: build ggml as a separate shared lib" OFF)
 option(SD_USE_SYSTEM_GGML            "sd: use system-installed GGML library" OFF)
 #option(SD_BUILD_SERVER               "sd: build server example"                           ON)
 
@@ -86,18 +87,21 @@ file(GLOB SD_LIB_SOURCES
     "*.hpp"
 )
 
-# we can get only one share lib
 if(SD_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
     message("-- Build shared library")
     message(${SD_LIB_SOURCES})
-    set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF)
+    if(NOT SD_BUILD_SHARED_GGML_LIB)
+        set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF)
+    endif()
     add_library(${SD_LIB} SHARED ${SD_LIB_SOURCES})
     add_definitions(-DSD_BUILD_SHARED_LIB)
     target_compile_definitions(${SD_LIB} PRIVATE -DSD_BUILD_DLL)
     set(CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
 else()
     message("-- Build static library")
-    set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF)
+    if(NOT SD_BUILD_SHARED_GGML_LIB)
+        set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF)
+    endif()
     add_library(${SD_LIB} STATIC ${SD_LIB_SOURCES})
 endif()
 

Dockerfile

@@ -1,16 +1,21 @@
 ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=22.04
 
-FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION as build
+FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION AS build
 
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y build-essential git cmake
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends build-essential git cmake
 
 WORKDIR /sd.cpp
 
 COPY . .
 
-RUN mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && cmake --build . --config Release
+RUN cmake . -B ./build
+RUN cmake --build ./build --config Release --parallel
 
-FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION as runtime
+FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION AS runtime
+
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install --yes --no-install-recommends libgomp1 && \
+    apt-get clean
 
 COPY --from=build /sd.cpp/build/bin/sd /sd
 

README.md

@@ -4,25 +4,46 @@
 
 # stable-diffusion.cpp
 
+<div align="center">
+<a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/9714" target="_blank"><img src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/repositories/9714" alt="leejet%2Fstable-diffusion.cpp | Trendshift" style="width: 250px; height: 55px;" width="250" height="55"/></a>
+</div>
+
 Diffusion model(SD,Flux,Wan,...) inference in pure C/C++
 
 ***Note that this project is under active development. \
 API and command-line option may change frequently.***
 
+## 🔥Important News
+
+* **2025/10/13** 🚀 stable-diffusion.cpp now supports **Qwen-Image-Edit / Qwen-Image-Edit 2509**  
+  👉 Details: [PR #877](https://github.com/leejet/stable-diffusion.cpp/pull/877)
+
+* **2025/10/12** 🚀 stable-diffusion.cpp now supports **Qwen-Image**  
+  👉 Details: [PR #851](https://github.com/leejet/stable-diffusion.cpp/pull/851)
+
+* **2025/09/14** 🚀 stable-diffusion.cpp now supports **Wan2.1 Vace**  
+  👉 Details: [PR #819](https://github.com/leejet/stable-diffusion.cpp/pull/819)
+
+* **2025/09/06** 🚀 stable-diffusion.cpp now supports **Wan2.1 / Wan2.2**  
+  👉 Details: [PR #778](https://github.com/leejet/stable-diffusion.cpp/pull/778)
+
 ## Features
 
-- Plain C/C++ implementation based on [ggml](https://github.com/ggerganov/ggml), working in the same way as [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp)
+- Plain C/C++ implementation based on [ggml](https://github.com/ggml-org/ggml), working in the same way as [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp)
 - Super lightweight and without external dependencies
 - Supported models
   - Image Models
     - SD1.x, SD2.x, [SD-Turbo](https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/sd-turbo)
     - SDXL, [SDXL-Turbo](https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/sdxl-turbo)
-      - !!!The VAE in SDXL encounters NaN issues under FP16, but unfortunately, the ggml_conv_2d only operates under FP16. Hence, a parameter is needed to specify the VAE that has fixed the FP16 NaN issue. You can find it here: [SDXL VAE FP16 Fix](https://huggingface.co/madebyollin/sdxl-vae-fp16-fix/blob/main/sdxl_vae.safetensors).
+    - [Some SD1.x and SDXL distilled models](./docs/distilled_sd.md)
     - [SD3/SD3.5](./docs/sd3.md)
     - [Flux-dev/Flux-schnell](./docs/flux.md)
     - [Chroma](./docs/chroma.md)
+    - [Chroma1-Radiance](./docs/chroma_radiance.md)
+    - [Qwen Image](./docs/qwen_image.md)
   - Image Edit Models
     - [FLUX.1-Kontext-dev](./docs/kontext.md)
+    - [Qwen Image Edit/Qwen Image Edit 2509](./docs/qwen_image_edit.md)
   - Video Models
     - [Wan2.1/Wan2.2](./docs/wan.md)
   - [PhotoMaker](https://github.com/TencentARC/PhotoMaker) support.
@@ -31,14 +52,22 @@ API and command-line option may change frequently.***
   - Latent Consistency Models support (LCM/LCM-LoRA)
   - Faster and memory efficient latent decoding with [TAESD](https://github.com/madebyollin/taesd)
   - Upscale images generated with [ESRGAN](https://github.com/xinntao/Real-ESRGAN)
-- 16-bit, 32-bit float support
-- 2-bit, 3-bit, 4-bit, 5-bit and 8-bit integer quantization support
-- Accelerated memory-efficient CPU inference
-    - Only requires ~2.3GB when using txt2img with fp16 precision to generate a 512x512 image, enabling Flash Attention just requires ~1.8GB.
-- AVX, AVX2 and AVX512 support for x86 architectures
-- Full CUDA, Metal, Vulkan, OpenCL and SYCL backend for GPU acceleration.
-- Can load ckpt, safetensors and diffusers models/checkpoints. Standalone VAEs models
-    - No need to convert to `.ggml` or `.gguf` anymore!
+- Supported backends
+  - CPU (AVX, AVX2 and AVX512 support for x86 architectures)
+  - CUDA
+  - Vulkan
+  - Metal
+  - OpenCL
+  - SYCL
+- Supported weight formats
+  - Pytorch checkpoint (`.ckpt` or `.pth`)
+  - Safetensors (`./safetensors`)
+  - GGUF (`.gguf`)
+- Supported platforms
+    - Linux
+    - Mac OS
+    - Windows
+    - Android (via Termux, [Local Diffusion](https://github.com/rmatif/Local-Diffusion))
 - Flash Attention for memory usage optimization
 - Negative prompt
 - [stable-diffusion-webui](https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui) style tokenizer (not all the features, only token weighting for now)
@@ -54,372 +83,45 @@ API and command-line option may change frequently.***
     - [`LCM`](https://github.com/AUTOMATIC1111/stable-diffusion-webui/issues/13952)
 - Cross-platform reproducibility (`--rng cuda`, consistent with the `stable-diffusion-webui GPU RNG`)
 - Embedds generation parameters into png output as webui-compatible text string
-- Supported platforms
-    - Linux
-    - Mac OS
-    - Windows
-    - Android (via Termux, [Local Diffusion](https://github.com/rmatif/Local-Diffusion))
 
-## Usage
+## Quick Start
 
-For most users, you can download the built executable program from the latest [release](https://github.com/leejet/stable-diffusion.cpp/releases/latest).
-If the built product does not meet your requirements, you can choose to build it manually.
+### Get the sd executable
 
-### Get the Code
+- Download pre-built binaries from the [releases page](https://github.com/leejet/stable-diffusion.cpp/releases)
+- Or build from source by following the [build guide](./docs/build.md)
 
-```
-git clone --recursive https://github.com/leejet/stable-diffusion.cpp
-cd stable-diffusion.cpp
-```
+### Download model weights
 
-- If you have already cloned the repository, you can use the following command to update the repository to the latest code.
-
-```
-cd stable-diffusion.cpp
-git pull origin master
-git submodule init
-git submodule update
-```
-
-### Download weights
-
-- download original weights(.ckpt or .safetensors). For example
-    - Stable Diffusion v1.4 from https://huggingface.co/CompVis/stable-diffusion-v-1-4-original
+- download weights(.ckpt or .safetensors or .gguf). For example
     - Stable Diffusion v1.5 from https://huggingface.co/runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5
-    - Stable Diffuison v2.1 from https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1
-    - Stable Diffusion 3 2B from https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-3-medium
 
-    ```shell
-    curl -L -O https://huggingface.co/CompVis/stable-diffusion-v-1-4-original/resolve/main/sd-v1-4.ckpt
-    # curl -L -O https://huggingface.co/runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5/resolve/main/v1-5-pruned-emaonly.safetensors
-    # curl -L -O https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1/resolve/main/v2-1_768-nonema-pruned.safetensors
-    # curl -L -O https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-3-medium/resolve/main/sd3_medium_incl_clips_t5xxlfp16.safetensors
+    ```sh
+    curl -L -O https://huggingface.co/runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5/resolve/main/v1-5-pruned-emaonly.safetensors
     ```
 
-### Build
-
-#### Build from scratch
-
-```shell
-mkdir build
-cd build
-cmake ..
-cmake --build . --config Release
-```
-
-##### Using OpenBLAS
-
-```
-cmake .. -DGGML_OPENBLAS=ON
-cmake --build . --config Release
-```
-
-##### Using CUDA
-
-This provides BLAS acceleration using the CUDA cores of your Nvidia GPU. Make sure to have the CUDA toolkit installed. You can download it from your Linux distro's package manager (e.g. `apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit`) or from here: [CUDA Toolkit](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads). Recommended to have at least 4 GB of VRAM.
-
-```
-cmake .. -DSD_CUDA=ON
-cmake --build . --config Release
-```
-
-##### Using HipBLAS
-This provides BLAS acceleration using the ROCm cores of your AMD GPU. Make sure to have the ROCm toolkit installed.
-
-Windows User Refer to [docs/hipBLAS_on_Windows.md](docs%2FhipBLAS_on_Windows.md) for a comprehensive guide.
-
-```
-export GFX_NAME=$(rocminfo | grep -m 1 -E "gfx[^0]{1}" | sed -e 's/ *Name: *//' | awk '{$1=$1; print}' || echo "rocminfo missing")
-echo $GFX_NAME
-cmake .. -G "Ninja" -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DSD_HIPBLAS=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DGPU_TARGETS=$GFX_NAME -DCMAKE_BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH=ON
-cmake --build . --config Release
-```
-
-##### Using MUSA
-
-This provides BLAS acceleration using the MUSA cores of your Moore Threads GPU. Make sure to have the MUSA toolkit installed.
-
-```bash
-cmake .. -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/usr/local/musa/bin/clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/usr/local/musa/bin/clang++ -DSD_MUSA=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
-cmake --build . --config Release
-```
-
-##### Using Metal
-
-Using Metal makes the computation run on the GPU. Currently, there are some issues with Metal when performing operations on very large matrices, making it highly inefficient at the moment. Performance improvements are expected in the near future.
-
-```
-cmake .. -DSD_METAL=ON
-cmake --build . --config Release
-```
-
-##### Using Vulkan
-
-Install Vulkan SDK from https://www.lunarg.com/vulkan-sdk/.
-
-```
-cmake .. -DSD_VULKAN=ON
-cmake --build . --config Release
-```
-
-##### Using OpenCL (for Adreno GPU)
-
-Currently, it supports only Adreno GPUs and is primarily optimized for Q4_0 type
-
-To build for Windows ARM please refers to [Windows 11 Arm64
-](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/blob/master/docs/backend/OPENCL.md#windows-11-arm64)
-
-Building for Android:
-
-  Android NDK:
-       Download and install the Android NDK from the [official Android developer site](https://developer.android.com/ndk/downloads).
-
-Setup OpenCL Dependencies for NDK:
-
-You need to provide OpenCL headers and the ICD loader library to your NDK sysroot.
-
-*   OpenCL Headers:
-    ```bash
-    # In a temporary working directory
-    git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-Headers
-    cd OpenCL-Headers
-    # Replace <YOUR_NDK_PATH> with your actual NDK installation path
-    # e.g., cp -r CL /path/to/android-ndk-r26c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/include
-    sudo cp -r CL <YOUR_NDK_PATH>/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/include
-    cd ..
-    ```
-
-*   OpenCL ICD Loader:
-    ```bash
-    # In the same temporary working directory
-    git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-ICD-Loader
-    cd OpenCL-ICD-Loader
-    mkdir build_ndk && cd build_ndk
-
-    # Replace <YOUR_NDK_PATH> in the CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE and OPENCL_ICD_LOADER_HEADERS_DIR
-    cmake .. -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-      -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=<YOUR_NDK_PATH>/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake \
-      -DOPENCL_ICD_LOADER_HEADERS_DIR=<YOUR_NDK_PATH>/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/include \
-      -DANDROID_ABI=arm64-v8a \
-      -DANDROID_PLATFORM=24 \
-      -DANDROID_STL=c++_shared
-
-    ninja
-    # Replace <YOUR_NDK_PATH>
-    # e.g., cp libOpenCL.so /path/to/android-ndk-r26c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-android
-    sudo cp libOpenCL.so <YOUR_NDK_PATH>/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-android
-    cd ../..
-    ```
-
-Build `stable-diffusion.cpp` for Android with OpenCL:
-
-```bash
-mkdir build-android && cd build-android
-
-# Replace <YOUR_NDK_PATH> with your actual NDK installation path
-# e.g., -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/path/to/android-ndk-r26c/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake
-cmake .. -G Ninja \
-  -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=<YOUR_NDK_PATH>/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake \
-  -DANDROID_ABI=arm64-v8a \
-  -DANDROID_PLATFORM=android-28 \
-  -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF \
-  -DSD_OPENCL=ON
-
-ninja
-```
-*(Note: Don't forget to include `LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/vendor/lib64` in your command line before running the binary)*
-
-##### Using SYCL
-
-Using SYCL makes the computation run on the Intel GPU. Please make sure you have installed the related driver and [Intel® oneAPI Base toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) before start. More details and steps can refer to [llama.cpp SYCL backend](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/docs/backend/SYCL.md#linux).
-
-```
-# Export relevant ENV variables
-source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-
-# Option 1: Use FP32 (recommended for better performance in most cases)
-cmake .. -DSD_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx
-
-# Option 2: Use FP16
-cmake .. -DSD_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DGGML_SYCL_F16=ON
-
-cmake --build . --config Release
-```
-
-Example of text2img by using SYCL backend:
-
-- download `stable-diffusion` model weight, refer to [download-weight](#download-weights).
-
-- run `./bin/sd -m ../models/sd3_medium_incl_clips_t5xxlfp16.safetensors --cfg-scale 5 --steps 30 --sampling-method euler  -H 1024 -W 1024 --seed 42 -p "fantasy medieval village world inside a glass sphere , high detail, fantasy, realistic, light effect, hyper detail, volumetric lighting, cinematic, macro, depth of field, blur, red light and clouds from the back, highly detailed epic cinematic concept art cg render made in maya, blender and photoshop, octane render, excellent composition, dynamic dramatic cinematic lighting, aesthetic, very inspirational, world inside a glass sphere by james gurney by artgerm with james jean, joe fenton and tristan eaton by ross tran, fine details, 4k resolution"`
-
-<p align="center">
-  <img src="./assets/sycl_sd3_output.png" width="360x">
-</p>
-
-
-
-##### Using Flash Attention
-
-Enabling flash attention for the diffusion model reduces memory usage by varying amounts of MB.
-eg.:
- - flux 768x768 ~600mb
- - SD2 768x768 ~1400mb
-
-For most backends, it slows things down, but for cuda it generally speeds it up too.
-At the moment, it is only supported for some models and some backends (like cpu, cuda/rocm, metal).
-
-Run by adding `--diffusion-fa` to the arguments and watch for:
-```
-[INFO ] stable-diffusion.cpp:312  - Using flash attention in the diffusion model
-```
-and the compute buffer shrink in the debug log:
-```
-[DEBUG] ggml_extend.hpp:1004 - flux compute buffer size: 650.00 MB(VRAM)
-```
-
-### Run
-
-```
-usage: ./bin/sd [arguments]
-
-arguments:
-  -h, --help                         show this help message and exit
-  -M, --mode [MODE]                  run mode, one of: [img_gen, vid_gen, convert], default: img_gen
-  -t, --threads N                    number of threads to use during computation (default: -1)
-                                     If threads <= 0, then threads will be set to the number of CPU physical cores
-  --offload-to-cpu                   place the weights in RAM to save VRAM, and automatically load them into VRAM when needed
-  -m, --model [MODEL]                path to full model
-  --diffusion-model                  path to the standalone diffusion model
-  --high-noise-diffusion-model       path to the standalone high noise diffusion model
-  --clip_l                           path to the clip-l text encoder
-  --clip_g                           path to the clip-g text encoder
-  --clip_vision                      path to the clip-vision encoder
-  --t5xxl                            path to the t5xxl text encoder
-  --vae [VAE]                        path to vae
-  --taesd [TAESD_PATH]               path to taesd. Using Tiny AutoEncoder for fast decoding (low quality)
-  --control-net [CONTROL_PATH]       path to control net model
-  --embd-dir [EMBEDDING_PATH]        path to embeddings
-  --upscale-model [ESRGAN_PATH]      path to esrgan model. Upscale images after generate, just RealESRGAN_x4plus_anime_6B supported by now
-  --upscale-repeats                  Run the ESRGAN upscaler this many times (default 1)
-  --type [TYPE]                      weight type (examples: f32, f16, q4_0, q4_1, q5_0, q5_1, q8_0, q2_K, q3_K, q4_K)
-                                     If not specified, the default is the type of the weight file
-  --tensor-type-rules [EXPRESSION]   weight type per tensor pattern (example: "^vae\.=f16,model\.=q8_0")
-  --lora-model-dir [DIR]             lora model directory
-  -i, --init-img [IMAGE]             path to the init image, required by img2img
-  --mask [MASK]                      path to the mask image, required by img2img with mask
-  -i, --end-img [IMAGE]              path to the end image, required by flf2v
-  --control-image [IMAGE]            path to image condition, control net
-  -r, --ref-image [PATH]             reference image for Flux Kontext models (can be used multiple times)
-  --control-video [PATH]             path to control video frames, It must be a directory path.
-                                     The video frames inside should be stored as images in lexicographical (character) order
-                                     For example, if the control video path is `frames`, the directory contain images such as 00.png, 01.png, 鈥?etc.
-  --increase-ref-index               automatically increase the indices of references images based on the order they are listed (starting with 1).
-  -o, --output OUTPUT                path to write result image to (default: ./output.png)
-  -p, --prompt [PROMPT]              the prompt to render
-  -n, --negative-prompt PROMPT       the negative prompt (default: "")
-  --cfg-scale SCALE                  unconditional guidance scale: (default: 7.0)
-  --img-cfg-scale SCALE              image guidance scale for inpaint or instruct-pix2pix models: (default: same as --cfg-scale)
-  --guidance SCALE                   distilled guidance scale for models with guidance input (default: 3.5)
-  --slg-scale SCALE                  skip layer guidance (SLG) scale, only for DiT models: (default: 0)
-                                     0 means disabled, a value of 2.5 is nice for sd3.5 medium
-  --eta SCALE                        eta in DDIM, only for DDIM and TCD: (default: 0)
-  --skip-layers LAYERS               Layers to skip for SLG steps: (default: [7,8,9])
-  --skip-layer-start START           SLG enabling point: (default: 0.01)
-  --skip-layer-end END               SLG disabling point: (default: 0.2)
-  --scheduler {discrete, karras, exponential, ays, gits, smoothstep, sgm_uniform, simple} Denoiser sigma scheduler (default: discrete)
-  --sampling-method {euler, euler_a, heun, dpm2, dpm++2s_a, dpm++2m, dpm++2mv2, ipndm, ipndm_v, lcm, ddim_trailing, tcd}
-                                     sampling method (default: "euler" for Flux/SD3/Wan, "euler_a" otherwise)
-  --timestep-shift N                 shift timestep for NitroFusion models, default: 0, recommended N for NitroSD-Realism around 250 and 500 for NitroSD-Vibrant
-  --steps  STEPS                     number of sample steps (default: 20)
-  --high-noise-cfg-scale SCALE       (high noise) unconditional guidance scale: (default: 7.0)
-  --high-noise-img-cfg-scale SCALE   (high noise) image guidance scale for inpaint or instruct-pix2pix models: (default: same as --cfg-scale)
-  --high-noise-guidance SCALE        (high noise) distilled guidance scale for models with guidance input (default: 3.5)
-  --high-noise-slg-scale SCALE       (high noise) skip layer guidance (SLG) scale, only for DiT models: (default: 0)
-                                     0 means disabled, a value of 2.5 is nice for sd3.5 medium
-  --high-noise-eta SCALE             (high noise) eta in DDIM, only for DDIM and TCD: (default: 0)
-  --high-noise-skip-layers LAYERS    (high noise) Layers to skip for SLG steps: (default: [7,8,9])
-  --high-noise-skip-layer-start      (high noise) SLG enabling point: (default: 0.01)
-  --high-noise-skip-layer-end END    (high noise) SLG disabling point: (default: 0.2)
-  --high-noise-scheduler {discrete, karras, exponential, ays, gits, smoothstep, sgm_uniform, simple} Denoiser sigma scheduler (default: discrete)
-  --high-noise-sampling-method {euler, euler_a, heun, dpm2, dpm++2s_a, dpm++2m, dpm++2mv2, ipndm, ipndm_v, lcm, ddim_trailing, tcd}
-                                     (high noise) sampling method (default: "euler_a")
-  --high-noise-steps  STEPS          (high noise) number of sample steps (default: -1 = auto)
-                                     SLG will be enabled at step int([STEPS]*[START]) and disabled at int([STEPS]*[END])
-  --strength STRENGTH                strength for noising/unnoising (default: 0.75)
-  --control-strength STRENGTH        strength to apply Control Net (default: 0.9)
-                                     1.0 corresponds to full destruction of information in init image
-  -H, --height H                     image height, in pixel space (default: 512)
-  -W, --width W                      image width, in pixel space (default: 512)
-  --rng {std_default, cuda}          RNG (default: cuda)
-  -s SEED, --seed SEED               RNG seed (default: 42, use random seed for < 0)
-  -b, --batch-count COUNT            number of images to generate
-  --clip-skip N                      ignore last layers of CLIP network; 1 ignores none, 2 ignores one layer (default: -1)
-                                     <= 0 represents unspecified, will be 1 for SD1.x, 2 for SD2.x
-  --vae-tiling                       process vae in tiles to reduce memory usage
-  --vae-tile-size [X]x[Y]            tile size for vae tiling (default: 32x32)
-  --vae-relative-tile-size [X]x[Y]   relative tile size for vae tiling, in fraction of image size if < 1, in number of tiles per dim if >=1 (overrides --vae-tile-size)
-  --vae-tile-overlap OVERLAP         tile overlap for vae tiling, in fraction of tile size (default: 0.5)
-  --vae-on-cpu                       keep vae in cpu (for low vram)
-  --clip-on-cpu                      keep clip in cpu (for low vram)
-  --diffusion-fa                     use flash attention in the diffusion model (for low vram)
-                                     Might lower quality, since it implies converting k and v to f16.
-                                     This might crash if it is not supported by the backend.
-  --diffusion-conv-direct            use Conv2d direct in the diffusion model
-                                     This might crash if it is not supported by the backend.
-  --vae-conv-direct                  use Conv2d direct in the vae model (should improve the performance)
-                                     This might crash if it is not supported by the backend.
-  --control-net-cpu                  keep controlnet in cpu (for low vram)
-  --canny                            apply canny preprocessor (edge detection)
-  --color                            colors the logging tags according to level
-  --chroma-disable-dit-mask          disable dit mask for chroma
-  --chroma-enable-t5-mask            enable t5 mask for chroma
-  --chroma-t5-mask-pad  PAD_SIZE     t5 mask pad size of chroma
-  --video-frames                     video frames (default: 1)
-  --fps                              fps (default: 24)
-  --moe-boundary BOUNDARY            timestep boundary for Wan2.2 MoE model. (default: 0.875)
-                                     only enabled if `--high-noise-steps` is set to -1
-  --flow-shift SHIFT                 shift value for Flow models like SD3.x or WAN (default: auto)
-  --vace-strength                    wan vace strength
-  --photo-maker                      path to PHOTOMAKER model
-  --pm-id-images-dir [DIR]           path to PHOTOMAKER input id images dir
-  --pm-id-embed-path [PATH]          path to PHOTOMAKER v2 id embed
-  --pm-style-strength                strength for keeping PHOTOMAKER input identity (default: 20)
-  --normalize-input                  normalize PHOTOMAKER input id images
-  -v, --verbose                      print extra info
-```
-
-#### txt2img example
+### Generate an image with just one command
 
 ```sh
-./bin/sd -m ../models/sd-v1-4.ckpt -p "a lovely cat"
-# ./bin/sd -m ../models/v1-5-pruned-emaonly.safetensors -p "a lovely cat"
-# ./bin/sd -m ../models/sd_xl_base_1.0.safetensors --vae ../models/sdxl_vae-fp16-fix.safetensors -H 1024 -W 1024 -p "a lovely cat" -v
-# ./bin/sd -m ../models/sd3_medium_incl_clips_t5xxlfp16.safetensors -H 1024 -W 1024 -p 'a lovely cat holding a sign says \"Stable Diffusion CPP\"' --cfg-scale 4.5 --sampling-method euler -v --clip-on-cpu
-# ./bin/sd --diffusion-model  ../models/flux1-dev-q3_k.gguf --vae ../models/ae.sft --clip_l ../models/clip_l.safetensors --t5xxl ../models/t5xxl_fp16.safetensors  -p "a lovely cat holding a sign says 'flux.cpp'" --cfg-scale 1.0 --sampling-method euler -v --clip-on-cpu
-# ./bin/sd -m  ..\models\sd3.5_large.safetensors --clip_l ..\models\clip_l.safetensors --clip_g ..\models\clip_g.safetensors --t5xxl ..\models\t5xxl_fp16.safetensors  -H 1024 -W 1024 -p 'a lovely cat holding a sign says \"Stable diffusion 3.5 Large\"' --cfg-scale 4.5 --sampling-method euler -v --clip-on-cpu
+./bin/sd -m ../models/v1-5-pruned-emaonly.safetensors -p "a lovely cat"
 ```
 
-Using formats of different precisions will yield results of varying quality.
+***For detailed command-line arguments, check out [cli doc](./examples/cli/README.md).***
 
-| f32  | f16  |q8_0  |q5_0  |q5_1  |q4_0  |q4_1  |
-| ----  |----  |----  |----  |----  |----  |----  |
-| ![](./assets/f32.png) |![](./assets/f16.png) |![](./assets/q8_0.png) |![](./assets/q5_0.png) |![](./assets/q5_1.png) |![](./assets/q4_0.png) |![](./assets/q4_1.png) |
+## Performance
 
-#### img2img example
-
-- `./output.png` is the image generated from the above txt2img pipeline
-
-
-```
-./bin/sd -m ../models/sd-v1-4.ckpt -p "cat with blue eyes" -i ./output.png -o ./img2img_output.png --strength 0.4
-```
-
-<p align="center">
-  <img src="./assets/img2img_output.png" width="256x">
-</p>
+If you want to improve performance or reduce VRAM/RAM usage, please refer to [performance guide](./docs/performance.md).
 
 ## More Guides
 
+- [SD1.x/SD2.x/SDXL](./docs/sd.md)
+- [SD3/SD3.5](./docs/sd3.md)
+- [Flux-dev/Flux-schnell](./docs/flux.md)
+- [FLUX.1-Kontext-dev](./docs/kontext.md)
+- [Chroma](./docs/chroma.md)
+- [🔥Qwen Image](./docs/qwen_image.md)
+- [🔥Qwen Image Edit/Qwen Image Edit 2509](./docs/qwen_image_edit.md)
+- [🔥Wan2.1/Wan2.2](./docs/wan.md)
 - [LoRA](./docs/lora.md)
 - [LCM/LCM-LoRA](./docs/lcm.md)
 - [Using PhotoMaker to personalize image generation](./docs/photo_maker.md)
@@ -449,6 +151,8 @@ These projects use `stable-diffusion.cpp` as a backend for their image generatio
 - [Local Diffusion](https://github.com/rmatif/Local-Diffusion)
 - [sd.cpp-webui](https://github.com/daniandtheweb/sd.cpp-webui)
 - [LocalAI](https://github.com/mudler/LocalAI)
+- [Neural-Pixel](https://github.com/Luiz-Alcantara/Neural-Pixel)
+- [KoboldCpp](https://github.com/LostRuins/koboldcpp)
 
 ## Contributors
 
@@ -462,7 +166,8 @@ Thank you to all the people who have already contributed to stable-diffusion.cpp
 
 ## References
 
-- [ggml](https://github.com/ggerganov/ggml)
+- [ggml](https://github.com/ggml-org/ggml)
+- [diffusers](https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers)
 - [stable-diffusion](https://github.com/CompVis/stable-diffusion)
 - [sd3-ref](https://github.com/Stability-AI/sd3-ref)
 - [stable-diffusion-stability-ai](https://github.com/Stability-AI/stablediffusion)
@@ -473,4 +178,4 @@ Thank you to all the people who have already contributed to stable-diffusion.cpp
 - [generative-models](https://github.com/Stability-AI/generative-models/)
 - [PhotoMaker](https://github.com/TencentARC/PhotoMaker)
 - [Wan2.1](https://github.com/Wan-Video/Wan2.1)
-- [Wan2.2](https://github.com/Wan-Video/Wan2.2)
+- [Wan2.2](https://github.com/Wan-Video/Wan2.2)

clip.hpp

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 /*================================================== CLIPTokenizer ===================================================*/
 
-std::pair<std::unordered_map<std::string, float>, std::string> extract_and_remove_lora(std::string text) {
+__STATIC_INLINE__ std::pair<std::unordered_map<std::string, float>, std::string> extract_and_remove_lora(std::string text) {
     std::regex re("<lora:([^:]+):([^>]+)>");
     std::smatch matches;
     std::unordered_map<std::string, float> filename2multiplier;
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ std::pair<std::unordered_map<std::string, float>, std::string> extract_and_remov
     return std::make_pair(filename2multiplier, text);
 }
 
-std::vector<std::pair<int, std::u32string>> bytes_to_unicode() {
+__STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<std::pair<int, std::u32string>> bytes_to_unicode() {
     std::vector<std::pair<int, std::u32string>> byte_unicode_pairs;
     std::set<int> byte_set;
     for (int b = static_cast<int>('!'); b <= static_cast<int>('~'); ++b) {
@@ -451,16 +451,16 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         // x: [N, n_token, d_model]
         auto fc1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["fc1"]);
         auto fc2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["fc2"]);
 
         x = fc1->forward(ctx, x);
         if (use_gelu) {
-            x = ggml_gelu_inplace(ctx, x);
+            x = ggml_gelu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, x);
         } else {
-            x = ggml_gelu_quick_inplace(ctx, x);
+            x = ggml_gelu_quick_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, x);
         }
         x = fc2->forward(ctx, x);
         return x;
@@ -476,11 +476,12 @@ protected:
 public:
     CLIPLayer(int64_t d_model,
               int64_t n_head,
-              int64_t intermediate_size)
+              int64_t intermediate_size,
+              bool proj_in = false)
         : d_model(d_model),
           n_head(n_head),
           intermediate_size(intermediate_size) {
-        blocks["self_attn"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new MultiheadAttention(d_model, n_head, true, true));
+        blocks["self_attn"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new MultiheadAttention(d_model, n_head, true, true, proj_in));
 
         blocks["layer_norm1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(d_model));
         blocks["layer_norm2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(d_model));
@@ -488,15 +489,15 @@ public:
         blocks["mlp"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CLIPMLP(d_model, intermediate_size));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor* x, bool mask = true) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x, bool mask = true) {
         // x: [N, n_token, d_model]
         auto self_attn   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<MultiheadAttention>(blocks["self_attn"]);
         auto layer_norm1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["layer_norm1"]);
         auto layer_norm2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["layer_norm2"]);
         auto mlp         = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<CLIPMLP>(blocks["mlp"]);
 
-        x = ggml_add(ctx, x, self_attn->forward(ctx, backend, layer_norm1->forward(ctx, x), mask));
-        x = ggml_add(ctx, x, mlp->forward(ctx, layer_norm2->forward(ctx, x)));
+        x = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, self_attn->forward(ctx, layer_norm1->forward(ctx, x), mask));
+        x = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, mlp->forward(ctx, layer_norm2->forward(ctx, x)));
         return x;
     }
 };
@@ -509,16 +510,16 @@ public:
     CLIPEncoder(int64_t n_layer,
                 int64_t d_model,
                 int64_t n_head,
-                int64_t intermediate_size)
+                int64_t intermediate_size,
+                bool proj_in = false)
         : n_layer(n_layer) {
         for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; i++) {
             std::string name = "layers." + std::to_string(i);
-            blocks[name]     = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CLIPLayer(d_model, n_head, intermediate_size));
+            blocks[name]     = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CLIPLayer(d_model, n_head, intermediate_size, proj_in));
         }
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                 int clip_skip = -1,
                                 bool mask     = true) {
@@ -536,7 +537,7 @@ public:
             }
             std::string name = "layers." + std::to_string(i);
             auto layer       = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<CLIPLayer>(blocks[name]);
-            x                = layer->forward(ctx, backend, x, mask);  // [N, n_token, d_model]
+            x                = layer->forward(ctx, x, mask);  // [N, n_token, d_model]
             // LOG_DEBUG("layer %d", i);
         }
         return x;
@@ -550,15 +551,15 @@ protected:
     int64_t num_positions;
     bool force_clip_f32;
 
-    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {}, const std::string prefix = "") {
+    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, const std::string prefix = "") override {
         enum ggml_type token_wtype = GGML_TYPE_F32;
         if (!force_clip_f32) {
-            auto tensor_type = tensor_types.find(prefix + "token_embedding.weight");
-            if (tensor_type != tensor_types.end())
-                token_wtype = tensor_type->second;
+            token_wtype = get_type(prefix + "token_embedding.weight", tensor_storage_map, GGML_TYPE_F32);
+            if (!support_get_rows(token_wtype)) {
+                token_wtype = GGML_TYPE_F32;
+            }
         }
-        enum ggml_type position_wtype = GGML_TYPE_F32;
-
+        enum ggml_type position_wtype       = GGML_TYPE_F32;
         params["token_embedding.weight"]    = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, token_wtype, embed_dim, vocab_size);
         params["position_embedding.weight"] = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, position_wtype, embed_dim, num_positions);
     }
@@ -578,7 +579,7 @@ public:
         return params["token_embedding.weight"];
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* input_ids,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* custom_embed_weight) {
         // input_ids: [N, n_token]
@@ -586,12 +587,12 @@ public:
         auto position_embed_weight = params["position_embedding.weight"];
 
         GGML_ASSERT(input_ids->ne[0] == position_embed_weight->ne[1]);
-        input_ids            = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, input_ids, input_ids->ne[0], 1, input_ids->ne[1]);
-        auto token_embedding = ggml_get_rows(ctx, custom_embed_weight != NULL ? custom_embed_weight : token_embed_weight, input_ids);
-        token_embedding      = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, token_embedding, token_embedding->ne[0], token_embedding->ne[1], token_embedding->ne[3]);
+        input_ids            = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, input_ids, input_ids->ne[0], 1, input_ids->ne[1]);
+        auto token_embedding = ggml_get_rows(ctx->ggml_ctx, custom_embed_weight != nullptr ? custom_embed_weight : token_embed_weight, input_ids);
+        token_embedding      = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, token_embedding, token_embedding->ne[0], token_embedding->ne[1], token_embedding->ne[3]);
 
         // token_embedding + position_embedding
-        auto x = ggml_add(ctx,
+        auto x = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx,
                           token_embedding,
                           position_embed_weight);  // [N, n_token, embed_dim]
         return x;
@@ -606,7 +607,8 @@ protected:
     int64_t image_size;
     int64_t num_patches;
     int64_t num_positions;
-    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {}, const std::string prefix = "") {
+
+    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, const std::string prefix = "") override {
         enum ggml_type patch_wtype    = GGML_TYPE_F16;
         enum ggml_type class_wtype    = GGML_TYPE_F32;
         enum ggml_type position_wtype = GGML_TYPE_F32;
@@ -629,7 +631,7 @@ public:
         num_positions = num_patches + 1;
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* pixel_values) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* pixel_values) {
         // pixel_values: [N, num_channels, image_size, image_size]
         // return: [N, num_positions, embed_dim]
         GGML_ASSERT(pixel_values->ne[0] == image_size && pixel_values->ne[1] == image_size && pixel_values->ne[2] == num_channels);
@@ -641,18 +643,18 @@ public:
         // concat(patch_embedding, class_embedding) + position_embedding
         struct ggml_tensor* patch_embedding;
         int64_t N       = pixel_values->ne[3];
-        patch_embedding = ggml_nn_conv_2d(ctx, pixel_values, patch_embed_weight, NULL, patch_size, patch_size);  // [N, embed_dim, image_size // pacht_size, image_size // pacht_size]
-        patch_embedding = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, patch_embedding, num_patches, embed_dim, N);                      // [N, embed_dim, num_patches]
-        patch_embedding = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, patch_embedding, 1, 0, 2, 3));                        // [N, num_patches, embed_dim]
-        patch_embedding = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, patch_embedding, 1, embed_dim, num_patches, N);                   // [N, num_patches, embed_dim, 1]
+        patch_embedding = ggml_ext_conv_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, pixel_values, patch_embed_weight, nullptr, patch_size, patch_size);  // [N, embed_dim, image_size // pacht_size, image_size // pacht_size]
+        patch_embedding = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, patch_embedding, num_patches, embed_dim, N);                          // [N, embed_dim, num_patches]
+        patch_embedding = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, patch_embedding, 1, 0, 2, 3));                  // [N, num_patches, embed_dim]
+        patch_embedding = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, patch_embedding, 1, embed_dim, num_patches, N);                       // [N, num_patches, embed_dim, 1]
 
-        struct ggml_tensor* class_embedding = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, embed_dim, N);
-        class_embedding                     = ggml_repeat(ctx, class_embed_weight, class_embedding);      // [N, embed_dim]
-        class_embedding                     = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, class_embedding, 1, embed_dim, 1, N);  // [N, 1, embed_dim, 1]
+        struct ggml_tensor* class_embedding = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, embed_dim, N);
+        class_embedding                     = ggml_repeat(ctx->ggml_ctx, class_embed_weight, class_embedding);      // [N, embed_dim]
+        class_embedding                     = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, class_embedding, 1, embed_dim, 1, N);  // [N, 1, embed_dim, 1]
 
-        struct ggml_tensor* x = ggml_concat(ctx, class_embedding, patch_embedding, 2);  // [N, num_positions, embed_dim, 1]
-        x                     = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, x, embed_dim, num_positions, N);   // [N, num_positions, embed_dim]
-        x                     = ggml_add(ctx, x, position_embed_weight);
+        struct ggml_tensor* x = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, class_embedding, patch_embedding, 2);  // [N, num_positions, embed_dim, 1]
+        x                     = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, embed_dim, num_positions, N);   // [N, num_positions, embed_dim]
+        x                     = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, position_embed_weight);
         return x;  // [N, num_positions, embed_dim]
     }
 };
@@ -669,7 +671,7 @@ enum CLIPVersion {
 
 class CLIPTextModel : public GGMLBlock {
 protected:
-    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {}, const std::string prefix = "") {
+    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, const std::string prefix = "") override {
         if (version == OPEN_CLIP_VIT_BIGG_14) {
             enum ggml_type wtype      = GGML_TYPE_F32;
             params["text_projection"] = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, wtype, projection_dim, hidden_size);
@@ -690,7 +692,8 @@ public:
 
     CLIPTextModel(CLIPVersion version = OPENAI_CLIP_VIT_L_14,
                   bool with_final_ln  = true,
-                  bool force_clip_f32 = false)
+                  bool force_clip_f32 = false,
+                  bool proj_in        = false)
         : version(version), with_final_ln(with_final_ln) {
         if (version == OPEN_CLIP_VIT_H_14) {
             hidden_size       = 1024;
@@ -705,7 +708,7 @@ public:
         }
 
         blocks["embeddings"]       = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CLIPEmbeddings(hidden_size, vocab_size, n_token, force_clip_f32));
-        blocks["encoder"]          = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CLIPEncoder(n_layer, hidden_size, n_head, intermediate_size));
+        blocks["encoder"]          = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CLIPEncoder(n_layer, hidden_size, n_head, intermediate_size, proj_in));
         blocks["final_layer_norm"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(hidden_size));
     }
 
@@ -714,8 +717,7 @@ public:
         return embeddings->get_token_embed_weight();
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* input_ids,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* tkn_embeddings,
                                 size_t max_token_idx = 0,
@@ -727,16 +729,16 @@ public:
         auto final_layer_norm = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["final_layer_norm"]);
 
         auto x = embeddings->forward(ctx, input_ids, tkn_embeddings);  // [N, n_token, hidden_size]
-        x      = encoder->forward(ctx, backend, x, return_pooled ? -1 : clip_skip, true);
+        x      = encoder->forward(ctx, x, return_pooled ? -1 : clip_skip, true);
         if (return_pooled || with_final_ln) {
             x = final_layer_norm->forward(ctx, x);
         }
 
         if (return_pooled) {
             auto text_projection = params["text_projection"];
-            ggml_tensor* pooled  = ggml_view_1d(ctx, x, hidden_size, x->nb[1] * max_token_idx);
-            if (text_projection != NULL) {
-                pooled = ggml_nn_linear(ctx, pooled, text_projection, NULL);
+            ggml_tensor* pooled  = ggml_view_1d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, hidden_size, x->nb[1] * max_token_idx);
+            if (text_projection != nullptr) {
+                pooled = ggml_ext_linear(ctx->ggml_ctx, pooled, text_projection, nullptr);
             } else {
                 LOG_DEBUG("identity projection");
             }
@@ -760,7 +762,7 @@ public:
     int32_t n_layer           = 24;
 
 public:
-    CLIPVisionModel(CLIPVersion version = OPENAI_CLIP_VIT_L_14) {
+    CLIPVisionModel(CLIPVersion version = OPENAI_CLIP_VIT_L_14, bool proj_in = false) {
         if (version == OPEN_CLIP_VIT_H_14) {
             hidden_size       = 1280;
             intermediate_size = 5120;
@@ -775,12 +777,11 @@ public:
 
         blocks["embeddings"]     = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CLIPVisionEmbeddings(hidden_size, num_channels, patch_size, image_size));
         blocks["pre_layernorm"]  = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(hidden_size));
-        blocks["encoder"]        = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CLIPEncoder(n_layer, hidden_size, n_head, intermediate_size));
+        blocks["encoder"]        = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CLIPEncoder(n_layer, hidden_size, n_head, intermediate_size, proj_in));
         blocks["post_layernorm"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(hidden_size));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* pixel_values,
                                 bool return_pooled = true,
                                 int clip_skip      = -1) {
@@ -792,14 +793,14 @@ public:
 
         auto x = embeddings->forward(ctx, pixel_values);  // [N, num_positions, embed_dim]
         x      = pre_layernorm->forward(ctx, x);
-        x      = encoder->forward(ctx, backend, x, clip_skip, false);
+        x      = encoder->forward(ctx, x, clip_skip, false);
         // print_ggml_tensor(x, true, "ClipVisionModel x: ");
         auto last_hidden_state = x;
         x                      = post_layernorm->forward(ctx, x);  // [N, n_token, hidden_size]
 
         GGML_ASSERT(x->ne[3] == 1);
         if (return_pooled) {
-            ggml_tensor* pooled = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_view_2d(ctx, x, x->ne[0], x->ne[2], x->nb[2], 0));
+            ggml_tensor* pooled = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, x->ne[0], x->ne[2], x->nb[2], 0));
             return pooled;  // [N, hidden_size]
         } else {
             // return x;  // [N, n_token, hidden_size]
@@ -814,8 +815,8 @@ protected:
     int64_t out_features;
     bool transpose_weight;
 
-    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {}, const std::string prefix = "") {
-        enum ggml_type wtype = get_type(prefix + "weight", tensor_types, GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, const std::string prefix = "") override {
+        enum ggml_type wtype = get_type(prefix + "weight", tensor_storage_map, GGML_TYPE_F32);
         if (transpose_weight) {
             params["weight"] = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, wtype, out_features, in_features);
         } else {
@@ -831,12 +832,12 @@ public:
           out_features(out_features),
           transpose_weight(transpose_weight) {}
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) override {
         struct ggml_tensor* w = params["weight"];
         if (transpose_weight) {
-            w = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_transpose(ctx, w));
+            w = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_transpose(ctx->ggml_ctx, w));
         }
-        return ggml_nn_linear(ctx, x, w, NULL);
+        return ggml_ext_linear(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, w, nullptr);
     }
 };
 
@@ -848,7 +849,8 @@ public:
 
 public:
     CLIPVisionModelProjection(CLIPVersion version   = OPENAI_CLIP_VIT_L_14,
-                              bool transpose_proj_w = false) {
+                              bool transpose_proj_w = false,
+                              bool proj_in          = false) {
         if (version == OPEN_CLIP_VIT_H_14) {
             hidden_size    = 1280;
             projection_dim = 1024;
@@ -856,12 +858,11 @@ public:
             hidden_size = 1664;
         }
 
-        blocks["vision_model"]      = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CLIPVisionModel(version));
+        blocks["vision_model"]      = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CLIPVisionModel(version, proj_in));
         blocks["visual_projection"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CLIPProjection(hidden_size, projection_dim, transpose_proj_w));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* pixel_values,
                                 bool return_pooled = true,
                                 int clip_skip      = -1) {
@@ -870,7 +871,7 @@ public:
         auto vision_model      = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<CLIPVisionModel>(blocks["vision_model"]);
         auto visual_projection = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<CLIPProjection>(blocks["visual_projection"]);
 
-        auto x = vision_model->forward(ctx, backend, pixel_values, return_pooled, clip_skip);  // [N, hidden_size] or [N, n_token, hidden_size]
+        auto x = vision_model->forward(ctx, pixel_values, return_pooled, clip_skip);  // [N, hidden_size] or [N, n_token, hidden_size]
 
         if (return_pooled) {
             x = visual_projection->forward(ctx, x);  // [N, projection_dim]
@@ -885,16 +886,27 @@ struct CLIPTextModelRunner : public GGMLRunner {
 
     CLIPTextModelRunner(ggml_backend_t backend,
                         bool offload_params_to_cpu,
-                        const String2GGMLType& tensor_types,
+                        const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map,
                         const std::string prefix,
                         CLIPVersion version = OPENAI_CLIP_VIT_L_14,
                         bool with_final_ln  = true,
                         bool force_clip_f32 = false)
-        : GGMLRunner(backend, offload_params_to_cpu), model(version, with_final_ln, force_clip_f32) {
-        model.init(params_ctx, tensor_types, prefix);
+        : GGMLRunner(backend, offload_params_to_cpu) {
+        bool proj_in = false;
+        for (const auto& [name, tensor_storage] : tensor_storage_map) {
+            if (!starts_with(name, prefix)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (contains(name, "self_attn.in_proj")) {
+                proj_in = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        model = CLIPTextModel(version, with_final_ln, force_clip_f32, proj_in);
+        model.init(params_ctx, tensor_storage_map, prefix);
     }
 
-    std::string get_desc() {
+    std::string get_desc() override {
         return "clip";
     }
 
@@ -902,8 +914,7 @@ struct CLIPTextModelRunner : public GGMLRunner {
         model.get_param_tensors(tensors, prefix);
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* input_ids,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* embeddings,
                                 size_t max_token_idx = 0,
@@ -913,15 +924,15 @@ struct CLIPTextModelRunner : public GGMLRunner {
         size_t n_token = input_ids->ne[0];
         if (input_ids->ne[0] > model.n_token) {
             GGML_ASSERT(input_ids->ne[0] % model.n_token == 0);
-            input_ids = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, input_ids, model.n_token, input_ids->ne[0] / model.n_token);
+            input_ids = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, input_ids, model.n_token, input_ids->ne[0] / model.n_token);
         }
 
-        return model.forward(ctx, backend, input_ids, embeddings, max_token_idx, return_pooled, clip_skip);
+        return model.forward(ctx, input_ids, embeddings, max_token_idx, return_pooled, clip_skip);
     }
 
     struct ggml_cgraph* build_graph(struct ggml_tensor* input_ids,
                                     int num_custom_embeddings    = 0,
-                                    void* custom_embeddings_data = NULL,
+                                    void* custom_embeddings_data = nullptr,
                                     size_t max_token_idx         = 0,
                                     bool return_pooled           = false,
                                     int clip_skip                = -1) {
@@ -929,9 +940,9 @@ struct CLIPTextModelRunner : public GGMLRunner {
 
         input_ids = to_backend(input_ids);
 
-        struct ggml_tensor* embeddings = NULL;
+        struct ggml_tensor* embeddings = nullptr;
 
-        if (num_custom_embeddings > 0 && custom_embeddings_data != NULL) {
+        if (num_custom_embeddings > 0 && custom_embeddings_data != nullptr) {
             auto token_embed_weight = model.get_token_embed_weight();
             auto custom_embeddings  = ggml_new_tensor_2d(compute_ctx,
                                                          token_embed_weight->type,
@@ -943,7 +954,9 @@ struct CLIPTextModelRunner : public GGMLRunner {
             embeddings = ggml_concat(compute_ctx, token_embed_weight, custom_embeddings, 1);
         }
 
-        struct ggml_tensor* hidden_states = forward(compute_ctx, runtime_backend, input_ids, embeddings, max_token_idx, return_pooled, clip_skip);
+        auto runner_ctx = get_context();
+
+        struct ggml_tensor* hidden_states = forward(&runner_ctx, input_ids, embeddings, max_token_idx, return_pooled, clip_skip);
 
         ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, hidden_states);
 
@@ -958,7 +971,7 @@ struct CLIPTextModelRunner : public GGMLRunner {
                  bool return_pooled,
                  int clip_skip,
                  ggml_tensor** output,
-                 ggml_context* output_ctx = NULL) {
+                 ggml_context* output_ctx = nullptr) {
         auto get_graph = [&]() -> struct ggml_cgraph* {
             return build_graph(input_ids, num_custom_embeddings, custom_embeddings_data, max_token_idx, return_pooled, clip_skip);
         };

common.hpp

@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         // x: [N, channels, h, w]
         if (vae_downsample) {
             auto conv = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["conv"]);
 
-            x = ggml_pad(ctx, x, 1, 1, 0, 0);
+            x = ggml_pad(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 1, 1, 0, 0);
             x = conv->forward(ctx, x);
         } else {
             auto conv = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["op"]);
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ public:
         blocks["conv"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(channels, out_channels, {3, 3}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         // x: [N, channels, h, w]
         auto conv = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["conv"]);
 
-        x = ggml_upscale(ctx, x, 2, GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST);  // [N, channels, h*2, w*2]
-        x = conv->forward(ctx, x);                             // [N, out_channels, h*2, w*2]
+        x = ggml_upscale(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 2, GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST);  // [N, channels, h*2, w*2]
+        x = conv->forward(ctx, x);                                       // [N, out_channels, h*2, w*2]
         return x;
     }
 };
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    virtual struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x, struct ggml_tensor* emb = NULL) {
+    virtual struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x, struct ggml_tensor* emb = nullptr) {
         // For dims==3, we reduce dimension from 5d to 4d by merging h and w, in order not to change ggml
         // [N, c, t, h, w] => [N, c, t, h * w]
         // x: [N, channels, h, w] if dims == 2 else [N, channels, t, h, w]
@@ -131,38 +131,38 @@ public:
         auto out_layers_0 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<GroupNorm32>(blocks["out_layers.0"]);
         auto out_layers_3 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UnaryBlock>(blocks["out_layers.3"]);
 
-        if (emb == NULL) {
+        if (emb == nullptr) {
             GGML_ASSERT(skip_t_emb);
         }
 
         // in_layers
         auto h = in_layers_0->forward(ctx, x);
-        h      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx, h);
+        h      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, h);
         h      = in_layers_2->forward(ctx, h);  // [N, out_channels, h, w] if dims == 2 else [N, out_channels, t, h, w]
 
         // emb_layers
         if (!skip_t_emb) {
             auto emb_layer_1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["emb_layers.1"]);
 
-            auto emb_out = ggml_silu(ctx, emb);
+            auto emb_out = ggml_silu(ctx->ggml_ctx, emb);
             emb_out      = emb_layer_1->forward(ctx, emb_out);  // [N, out_channels] if dims == 2 else [N, t, out_channels]
 
             if (dims == 2) {
-                emb_out = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, emb_out, 1, 1, emb_out->ne[0], emb_out->ne[1]);  // [N, out_channels, 1, 1]
+                emb_out = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, emb_out, 1, 1, emb_out->ne[0], emb_out->ne[1]);  // [N, out_channels, 1, 1]
             } else {
-                emb_out = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, emb_out, 1, emb_out->ne[0], emb_out->ne[1], emb_out->ne[2]);  // [N, t, out_channels, 1]
+                emb_out = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, emb_out, 1, emb_out->ne[0], emb_out->ne[1], emb_out->ne[2]);  // [N, t, out_channels, 1]
                 if (exchange_temb_dims) {
                     // emb_out = rearrange(emb_out, "b t c ... -> b c t ...")
-                    emb_out = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, emb_out, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [N, out_channels, t, 1]
+                    emb_out = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, emb_out, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [N, out_channels, t, 1]
                 }
             }
 
-            h = ggml_add(ctx, h, emb_out);  // [N, out_channels, h, w] if dims == 2 else [N, out_channels, t, h, w]
+            h = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, h, emb_out);  // [N, out_channels, h, w] if dims == 2 else [N, out_channels, t, h, w]
         }
 
         // out_layers
         h = out_layers_0->forward(ctx, h);
-        h = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx, h);
+        h = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, h);
         // dropout, skip for inference
         h = out_layers_3->forward(ctx, h);
 
@@ -172,18 +172,18 @@ public:
             x                    = skip_connection->forward(ctx, x);  // [N, out_channels, h, w] if dims == 2 else [N, out_channels, t, h, w]
         }
 
-        h = ggml_add(ctx, h, x);
+        h = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, h, x);
         return h;  // [N, out_channels, h, w] if dims == 2 else [N, out_channels, t, h, w]
     }
 };
 
-class GEGLU : public GGMLBlock {
+class GEGLU : public UnaryBlock {
 protected:
     int64_t dim_in;
     int64_t dim_out;
 
-    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {}, std::string prefix = "") {
-        enum ggml_type wtype      = get_type(prefix + "proj.weight", tensor_types, GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, std::string prefix = "") override {
+        enum ggml_type wtype      = get_type(prefix + "proj.weight", tensor_storage_map, GGML_TYPE_F32);
         enum ggml_type bias_wtype = GGML_TYPE_F32;
         params["proj.weight"]     = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, wtype, dim_in, dim_out * 2);
         params["proj.bias"]       = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, bias_wtype, dim_out * 2);
@@ -193,46 +193,80 @@ public:
     GEGLU(int64_t dim_in, int64_t dim_out)
         : dim_in(dim_in), dim_out(dim_out) {}
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) override {
         // x: [ne3, ne2, ne1, dim_in]
         // return: [ne3, ne2, ne1, dim_out]
         struct ggml_tensor* w = params["proj.weight"];
         struct ggml_tensor* b = params["proj.bias"];
 
-        auto x_w    = ggml_view_2d(ctx, w, w->ne[0], w->ne[1] / 2, w->nb[1], 0);                        // [dim_out, dim_in]
-        auto x_b    = ggml_view_1d(ctx, b, b->ne[0] / 2, 0);                                            // [dim_out, dim_in]
-        auto gate_w = ggml_view_2d(ctx, w, w->ne[0], w->ne[1] / 2, w->nb[1], w->nb[1] * w->ne[1] / 2);  // [dim_out, ]
-        auto gate_b = ggml_view_1d(ctx, b, b->ne[0] / 2, b->nb[0] * b->ne[0] / 2);                      // [dim_out, ]
+        auto x_w    = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, w, w->ne[0], w->ne[1] / 2, w->nb[1], 0);                        // [dim_out, dim_in]
+        auto x_b    = ggml_view_1d(ctx->ggml_ctx, b, b->ne[0] / 2, 0);                                            // [dim_out, dim_in]
+        auto gate_w = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, w, w->ne[0], w->ne[1] / 2, w->nb[1], w->nb[1] * w->ne[1] / 2);  // [dim_out, ]
+        auto gate_b = ggml_view_1d(ctx->ggml_ctx, b, b->ne[0] / 2, b->nb[0] * b->ne[0] / 2);                      // [dim_out, ]
 
         auto x_in = x;
-        x         = ggml_nn_linear(ctx, x_in, x_w, x_b);        // [ne3, ne2, ne1, dim_out]
-        auto gate = ggml_nn_linear(ctx, x_in, gate_w, gate_b);  // [ne3, ne2, ne1, dim_out]
+        x         = ggml_ext_linear(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_in, x_w, x_b);        // [ne3, ne2, ne1, dim_out]
+        auto gate = ggml_ext_linear(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_in, gate_w, gate_b);  // [ne3, ne2, ne1, dim_out]
 
-        gate = ggml_gelu_inplace(ctx, gate);
+        gate = ggml_gelu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, gate);
 
-        x = ggml_mul(ctx, x, gate);  // [ne3, ne2, ne1, dim_out]
+        x = ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, gate);  // [ne3, ne2, ne1, dim_out]
 
         return x;
     }
 };
 
+class GELU : public UnaryBlock {
+public:
+    GELU(int64_t dim_in, int64_t dim_out, bool bias = true) {
+        blocks["proj"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(dim_in, dim_out, bias));
+    }
+
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) override {
+        // x: [ne3, ne2, ne1, dim_in]
+        // return: [ne3, ne2, ne1, dim_out]
+        auto proj = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["proj"]);
+
+        x = proj->forward(ctx, x);
+        x = ggml_gelu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, x);
+        return x;
+    }
+};
+
 class FeedForward : public GGMLBlock {
 public:
+    enum class Activation {
+        GEGLU,
+        GELU
+    };
     FeedForward(int64_t dim,
                 int64_t dim_out,
-                int64_t mult = 4) {
+                int64_t mult          = 4,
+                Activation activation = Activation::GEGLU,
+                bool precision_fix    = false) {
         int64_t inner_dim = dim * mult;
+        if (activation == Activation::GELU) {
+            blocks["net.0"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new GELU(dim, inner_dim));
+        } else {
+            blocks["net.0"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new GEGLU(dim, inner_dim));
+        }
 
-        blocks["net.0"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new GEGLU(dim, inner_dim));
         // net_1 is nn.Dropout(), skip for inference
-        blocks["net.2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(inner_dim, dim_out));
+        float scale = 1.f;
+        if (precision_fix) {
+            scale = 1.f / 128.f;
+        }
+        // The purpose of the scale here is to prevent NaN issues in certain situations.
+        // For example, when using Vulkan without enabling force_prec_f32,
+        // or when using CUDA but the weights are k-quants.
+        blocks["net.2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(inner_dim, dim_out, true, false, false, scale));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         // x: [ne3, ne2, ne1, dim]
         // return: [ne3, ne2, ne1, dim_out]
 
-        auto net_0 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<GEGLU>(blocks["net.0"]);
+        auto net_0 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UnaryBlock>(blocks["net.0"]);
         auto net_2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["net.2"]);
 
         x = net_0->forward(ctx, x);  // [ne3, ne2, ne1, inner_dim]
@@ -247,19 +281,16 @@ protected:
     int64_t context_dim;
     int64_t n_head;
     int64_t d_head;
-    bool flash_attn;
 
 public:
     CrossAttention(int64_t query_dim,
                    int64_t context_dim,
                    int64_t n_head,
-                   int64_t d_head,
-                   bool flash_attn = false)
+                   int64_t d_head)
         : n_head(n_head),
           d_head(d_head),
           query_dim(query_dim),
-          context_dim(context_dim),
-          flash_attn(flash_attn) {
+          context_dim(context_dim) {
         int64_t inner_dim = d_head * n_head;
 
         blocks["to_q"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(query_dim, inner_dim, false));
@@ -270,8 +301,7 @@ public:
         // to_out_1 is nn.Dropout(), skip for inference
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* context) {
         // x: [N, n_token, query_dim]
@@ -291,7 +321,7 @@ public:
         auto k = to_k->forward(ctx, context);  // [N, n_context, inner_dim]
         auto v = to_v->forward(ctx, context);  // [N, n_context, inner_dim]
 
-        x = ggml_nn_attention_ext(ctx, backend, q, k, v, n_head, NULL, false, false, flash_attn);  // [N, n_token, inner_dim]
+        x = ggml_ext_attention_ext(ctx->ggml_ctx, ctx->backend, q, k, v, n_head, nullptr, false, false, ctx->flash_attn_enabled);  // [N, n_token, inner_dim]
 
         x = to_out_0->forward(ctx, x);  // [N, n_token, query_dim]
         return x;
@@ -309,16 +339,15 @@ public:
                           int64_t n_head,
                           int64_t d_head,
                           int64_t context_dim,
-                          bool ff_in      = false,
-                          bool flash_attn = false)
+                          bool ff_in = false)
         : n_head(n_head), d_head(d_head), ff_in(ff_in) {
         // disable_self_attn is always False
         // disable_temporal_crossattention is always False
         // switch_temporal_ca_to_sa is always False
         // inner_dim is always None or equal to dim
         // gated_ff is always True
-        blocks["attn1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CrossAttention(dim, dim, n_head, d_head, flash_attn));
-        blocks["attn2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CrossAttention(dim, context_dim, n_head, d_head, flash_attn));
+        blocks["attn1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CrossAttention(dim, dim, n_head, d_head));
+        blocks["attn2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new CrossAttention(dim, context_dim, n_head, d_head));
         blocks["ff"]    = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new FeedForward(dim, dim));
         blocks["norm1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(dim));
         blocks["norm2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(dim));
@@ -330,8 +359,7 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* context) {
         // x: [N, n_token, query_dim]
@@ -353,21 +381,21 @@ public:
             x           = norm_in->forward(ctx, x);
             x           = ff_in->forward(ctx, x);
             // self.is_res is always True
-            x = ggml_add(ctx, x, x_skip);
+            x = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, x_skip);
         }
 
         auto r = x;
         x      = norm1->forward(ctx, x);
-        x      = attn1->forward(ctx, backend, x, x);  // self-attention
-        x      = ggml_add(ctx, x, r);
+        x      = attn1->forward(ctx, x, x);  // self-attention
+        x      = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, r);
         r      = x;
         x      = norm2->forward(ctx, x);
-        x      = attn2->forward(ctx, backend, x, context);  // cross-attention
-        x      = ggml_add(ctx, x, r);
+        x      = attn2->forward(ctx, x, context);  // cross-attention
+        x      = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, r);
         r      = x;
         x      = norm3->forward(ctx, x);
         x      = ff->forward(ctx, x);
-        x      = ggml_add(ctx, x, r);
+        x      = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, r);
 
         return x;
     }
@@ -380,6 +408,23 @@ protected:
     int64_t d_head;
     int64_t depth       = 1;    // 1
     int64_t context_dim = 768;  // hidden_size, 1024 for VERSION_SD2
+    bool use_linear     = false;
+
+    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, const std::string prefix = "") {
+        auto iter = tensor_storage_map.find(prefix + "proj_out.weight");
+        if (iter != tensor_storage_map.end()) {
+            int64_t inner_dim = n_head * d_head;
+            if (iter->second.n_dims == 4 && use_linear) {
+                use_linear         = false;
+                blocks["proj_in"]  = std::make_shared<Conv2d>(in_channels, inner_dim, std::pair{1, 1});
+                blocks["proj_out"] = std::make_shared<Conv2d>(inner_dim, in_channels, std::pair{1, 1});
+            } else if (iter->second.n_dims == 2 && !use_linear) {
+                use_linear         = true;
+                blocks["proj_in"]  = std::make_shared<Linear>(in_channels, inner_dim);
+                blocks["proj_out"] = std::make_shared<Linear>(inner_dim, in_channels);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
 public:
     SpatialTransformer(int64_t in_channels,
@@ -387,35 +432,42 @@ public:
                        int64_t d_head,
                        int64_t depth,
                        int64_t context_dim,
-                       bool flash_attn = false)
+                       bool use_linear)
         : in_channels(in_channels),
           n_head(n_head),
           d_head(d_head),
           depth(depth),
-          context_dim(context_dim) {
-        // We will convert unet transformer linear to conv2d 1x1 when loading the weights, so use_linear is always False
+          context_dim(context_dim),
+          use_linear(use_linear) {
         // disable_self_attn is always False
         int64_t inner_dim = n_head * d_head;  // in_channels
         blocks["norm"]    = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new GroupNorm32(in_channels));
-        blocks["proj_in"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(in_channels, inner_dim, {1, 1}));
+        if (use_linear) {
+            blocks["proj_in"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(in_channels, inner_dim));
+        } else {
+            blocks["proj_in"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(in_channels, inner_dim, {1, 1}));
+        }
 
         for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
             std::string name = "transformer_blocks." + std::to_string(i);
-            blocks[name]     = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new BasicTransformerBlock(inner_dim, n_head, d_head, context_dim, false, flash_attn));
+            blocks[name]     = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new BasicTransformerBlock(inner_dim, n_head, d_head, context_dim, false));
         }
 
-        blocks["proj_out"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(inner_dim, in_channels, {1, 1}));
+        if (use_linear) {
+            blocks["proj_out"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(inner_dim, in_channels));
+        } else {
+            blocks["proj_out"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(inner_dim, in_channels, {1, 1}));
+        }
     }
 
-    virtual struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                        ggml_backend_t backend,
+    virtual struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                         struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                         struct ggml_tensor* context) {
         // x: [N, in_channels, h, w]
         // context: [N, max_position(aka n_token), hidden_size(aka context_dim)]
         auto norm     = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<GroupNorm32>(blocks["norm"]);
-        auto proj_in  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["proj_in"]);
-        auto proj_out = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["proj_out"]);
+        auto proj_in  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UnaryBlock>(blocks["proj_in"]);
+        auto proj_out = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UnaryBlock>(blocks["proj_out"]);
 
         auto x_in         = x;
         int64_t n         = x->ne[3];
@@ -424,32 +476,45 @@ public:
         int64_t inner_dim = n_head * d_head;
 
         x = norm->forward(ctx, x);
-        x = proj_in->forward(ctx, x);  // [N, inner_dim, h, w]
-
-        x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 1, 2, 0, 3));  // [N, h, w, inner_dim]
-        x = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, x, inner_dim, w * h, n);      // [N, h * w, inner_dim]
+        if (use_linear) {
+            x = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 1, 2, 0, 3));  // [N, h, w, inner_dim]
+            x = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, inner_dim, w * h, n);                // [N, h * w, inner_dim]
+            x = proj_in->forward(ctx, x);                                              // [N, inner_dim, h, w]
+        } else {
+            x = proj_in->forward(ctx, x);                                              // [N, inner_dim, h, w]
+            x = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 1, 2, 0, 3));  // [N, h, w, inner_dim]
+            x = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, inner_dim, w * h, n);                // [N, h * w, inner_dim]
+        }
 
         for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
             std::string name       = "transformer_blocks." + std::to_string(i);
             auto transformer_block = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<BasicTransformerBlock>(blocks[name]);
 
-            x = transformer_block->forward(ctx, backend, x, context);
+            x = transformer_block->forward(ctx, x, context);
         }
 
-        x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 1, 0, 2, 3));  // [N, inner_dim, h * w]
-        x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x, w, h, inner_dim, n);       // [N, inner_dim, h, w]
+        if (use_linear) {
+            // proj_out
+            x = proj_out->forward(ctx, x);  // [N, in_channels, h, w]
 
-        // proj_out
-        x = proj_out->forward(ctx, x);  // [N, in_channels, h, w]
+            x = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 1, 0, 2, 3));  // [N, inner_dim, h * w]
+            x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, w, h, inner_dim, n);                 // [N, inner_dim, h, w]
+        } else {
+            x = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 1, 0, 2, 3));  // [N, inner_dim, h * w]
+            x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, w, h, inner_dim, n);                 // [N, inner_dim, h, w]
 
-        x = ggml_add(ctx, x, x_in);
+            // proj_out
+            x = proj_out->forward(ctx, x);  // [N, in_channels, h, w]
+        }
+
+        x = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, x_in);
         return x;
     }
 };
 
 class AlphaBlender : public GGMLBlock {
 protected:
-    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {}, std::string prefix = "") {
+    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, std::string prefix = "") override {
         // Get the type of the "mix_factor" tensor from the input tensors map with the specified prefix
         enum ggml_type wtype = GGML_TYPE_F32;
         params["mix_factor"] = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, wtype, 1);
@@ -458,7 +523,7 @@ protected:
     float get_alpha() {
         // image_only_indicator is always tensor([0.]) and since mix_factor.shape is [1,]
         // so learned_with_images is same as learned
-        float alpha = ggml_backend_tensor_get_f32(params["mix_factor"]);
+        float alpha = ggml_ext_backend_tensor_get_f32(params["mix_factor"]);
         return sigmoid(alpha);
     }
 
@@ -469,14 +534,14 @@ public:
         // since mix_factor.shape is [1,], we don't need rearrange using  rearrange_pattern
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x_spatial,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x_temporal) {
         // image_only_indicator is always tensor([0.])
         float alpha = get_alpha();
-        auto x      = ggml_add(ctx,
-                               ggml_scale(ctx, x_spatial, alpha),
-                               ggml_scale(ctx, x_temporal, 1.0f - alpha));
+        auto x      = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                               ggml_scale(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_spatial, alpha),
+                               ggml_scale(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_temporal, 1.0f - alpha));
         return x;
     }
 };
@@ -494,7 +559,7 @@ public:
         blocks["time_mixer"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new AlphaBlender());
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* emb,
                                 int num_video_frames) {
@@ -512,18 +577,18 @@ public:
         int64_t H = x->ne[1];
         int64_t W = x->ne[0];
 
-        x          = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x, W * H, C, T, B);           // (b t) c h w -> b t c (h w)
-        x          = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b t c (h w) -> b c t (h w)
+        x          = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, W * H, C, T, B);                     // (b t) c h w -> b t c (h w)
+        x          = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b t c (h w) -> b c t (h w)
         auto x_mix = x;
 
-        emb = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, emb, emb->ne[0], T, B, emb->ne[3]);  // (b t) ... -> b t ...
+        emb = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, emb, emb->ne[0], T, B, emb->ne[3]);  // (b t) ... -> b t ...
 
         x = time_stack->forward(ctx, x, emb);  // b t c (h w)
 
         x = time_mixer->forward(ctx, x_mix, x);  // b t c (h w)
 
-        x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b c t (h w) -> b t c (h w)
-        x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x, W, H, C, T * B);           // b t c (h w) -> (b t) c h w
+        x = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b c t (h w) -> b t c (h w)
+        x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, W, H, C, T * B);                     // b t c (h w) -> (b t) c h w
 
         return x;
     }

control.hpp

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ protected:
     int num_heads                          = 8;
     int num_head_channels                  = -1;   // channels // num_heads
     int context_dim                        = 768;  // 1024 for VERSION_SD2, 2048 for VERSION_SDXL
+    bool use_linear_projection             = false;
 
 public:
     int model_channels  = 320;
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ public:
                                        int64_t d_head,
                                        int64_t depth,
                                        int64_t context_dim) -> SpatialTransformer* {
-            return new SpatialTransformer(in_channels, n_head, d_head, depth, context_dim);
+            return new SpatialTransformer(in_channels, n_head, d_head, depth, context_dim, use_linear_projection);
         };
 
         auto make_zero_conv = [&](int64_t channels) {
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     struct ggml_tensor* resblock_forward(std::string name,
-                                         struct ggml_context* ctx,
+                                         GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                          struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                          struct ggml_tensor* emb) {
         auto block = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ResBlock>(blocks[name]);
@@ -173,15 +174,14 @@ public:
     }
 
     struct ggml_tensor* attention_layer_forward(std::string name,
-                                                struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+                                                GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                                 struct ggml_tensor* context) {
         auto block = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SpatialTransformer>(blocks[name]);
-        return block->forward(ctx, backend, x, context);
+        return block->forward(ctx, x, context);
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* input_hint_block_forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor* input_hint_block_forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                                  struct ggml_tensor* hint,
                                                  struct ggml_tensor* emb,
                                                  struct ggml_tensor* context) {
@@ -193,33 +193,32 @@ public:
 
                 h = block->forward(ctx, h);
             } else {
-                h = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx, h);
+                h = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, h);
             }
         }
         return h;
     }
 
-    std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*> forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                             ggml_backend_t backend,
+    std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*> forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                              struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                              struct ggml_tensor* hint,
                                              struct ggml_tensor* guided_hint,
                                              struct ggml_tensor* timesteps,
                                              struct ggml_tensor* context,
-                                             struct ggml_tensor* y = NULL) {
+                                             struct ggml_tensor* y = nullptr) {
         // x: [N, in_channels, h, w] or [N, in_channels/2, h, w]
         // timesteps: [N,]
         // context: [N, max_position, hidden_size] or [1, max_position, hidden_size]. for example, [N, 77, 768]
         // y: [N, adm_in_channels] or [1, adm_in_channels]
-        if (context != NULL) {
+        if (context != nullptr) {
             if (context->ne[2] != x->ne[3]) {
-                context = ggml_repeat(ctx, context, ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, context->ne[0], context->ne[1], x->ne[3]));
+                context = ggml_repeat(ctx->ggml_ctx, context, ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, context->ne[0], context->ne[1], x->ne[3]));
             }
         }
 
-        if (y != NULL) {
+        if (y != nullptr) {
             if (y->ne[1] != x->ne[3]) {
-                y = ggml_repeat(ctx, y, ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, y->ne[0], x->ne[3]));
+                y = ggml_repeat(ctx->ggml_ctx, y, ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, y->ne[0], x->ne[3]));
             }
         }
 
@@ -230,27 +229,27 @@ public:
 
         auto middle_block_out = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["middle_block_out.0"]);
 
-        auto t_emb = ggml_nn_timestep_embedding(ctx, timesteps, model_channels);  // [N, model_channels]
+        auto t_emb = ggml_ext_timestep_embedding(ctx->ggml_ctx, timesteps, model_channels);  // [N, model_channels]
 
         auto emb = time_embed_0->forward(ctx, t_emb);
-        emb      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx, emb);
+        emb      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, emb);
         emb      = time_embed_2->forward(ctx, emb);  // [N, time_embed_dim]
 
         // SDXL/SVD
-        if (y != NULL) {
+        if (y != nullptr) {
             auto label_embed_0 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["label_emb.0.0"]);
             auto label_embed_2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["label_emb.0.2"]);
 
             auto label_emb = label_embed_0->forward(ctx, y);
-            label_emb      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx, label_emb);
+            label_emb      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, label_emb);
             label_emb      = label_embed_2->forward(ctx, label_emb);  // [N, time_embed_dim]
 
-            emb = ggml_add(ctx, emb, label_emb);  // [N, time_embed_dim]
+            emb = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, emb, label_emb);  // [N, time_embed_dim]
         }
 
         std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*> outs;
 
-        if (guided_hint == NULL) {
+        if (guided_hint == nullptr) {
             guided_hint = input_hint_block_forward(ctx, hint, emb, context);
         }
         outs.push_back(guided_hint);
@@ -259,7 +258,7 @@ public:
 
         // input block 0
         auto h = input_blocks_0_0->forward(ctx, x);
-        h      = ggml_add(ctx, h, guided_hint);
+        h      = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, h, guided_hint);
         outs.push_back(zero_convs_0->forward(ctx, h));
 
         // input block 1-11
@@ -274,7 +273,7 @@ public:
                 h                = resblock_forward(name, ctx, h, emb);  // [N, mult*model_channels, h, w]
                 if (std::find(attention_resolutions.begin(), attention_resolutions.end(), ds) != attention_resolutions.end()) {
                     std::string name = "input_blocks." + std::to_string(input_block_idx) + ".1";
-                    h                = attention_layer_forward(name, ctx, backend, h, context);  // [N, mult*model_channels, h, w]
+                    h                = attention_layer_forward(name, ctx, h, context);  // [N, mult*model_channels, h, w]
                 }
 
                 auto zero_conv = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["zero_convs." + std::to_string(input_block_idx) + ".0"]);
@@ -298,9 +297,9 @@ public:
         // [N, 4*model_channels, h/8, w/8]
 
         // middle_block
-        h = resblock_forward("middle_block.0", ctx, h, emb);                      // [N, 4*model_channels, h/8, w/8]
-        h = attention_layer_forward("middle_block.1", ctx, backend, h, context);  // [N, 4*model_channels, h/8, w/8]
-        h = resblock_forward("middle_block.2", ctx, h, emb);                      // [N, 4*model_channels, h/8, w/8]
+        h = resblock_forward("middle_block.0", ctx, h, emb);             // [N, 4*model_channels, h/8, w/8]
+        h = attention_layer_forward("middle_block.1", ctx, h, context);  // [N, 4*model_channels, h/8, w/8]
+        h = resblock_forward("middle_block.2", ctx, h, emb);             // [N, 4*model_channels, h/8, w/8]
 
         // out
         outs.push_back(middle_block_out->forward(ctx, h));
@@ -312,39 +311,28 @@ struct ControlNet : public GGMLRunner {
     SDVersion version = VERSION_SD1;
     ControlNetBlock control_net;
 
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t control_buffer = NULL;  // keep control output tensors in backend memory
-    ggml_context* control_ctx            = NULL;
+    ggml_backend_buffer_t control_buffer = nullptr;  // keep control output tensors in backend memory
+    ggml_context* control_ctx            = nullptr;
     std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*> controls;  // (12 input block outputs, 1 middle block output) SD 1.5
-    struct ggml_tensor* guided_hint = NULL;     // guided_hint cache, for faster inference
+    struct ggml_tensor* guided_hint = nullptr;  // guided_hint cache, for faster inference
     bool guided_hint_cached         = false;
 
     ControlNet(ggml_backend_t backend,
                bool offload_params_to_cpu,
-               const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {},
-               SDVersion version                   = VERSION_SD1)
+               const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {},
+               SDVersion version                              = VERSION_SD1)
         : GGMLRunner(backend, offload_params_to_cpu), control_net(version) {
-        control_net.init(params_ctx, tensor_types, "");
+        control_net.init(params_ctx, tensor_storage_map, "");
     }
 
-    void enable_conv2d_direct() {
-        std::vector<GGMLBlock*> blocks;
-        control_net.get_all_blocks(blocks);
-        for (auto block : blocks) {
-            if (block->get_desc() == "Conv2d") {
-                auto conv_block = (Conv2d*)block;
-                conv_block->enable_direct();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    ~ControlNet() {
+    ~ControlNet() override {
         free_control_ctx();
     }
 
     void alloc_control_ctx(std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*> outs) {
         struct ggml_init_params params;
         params.mem_size   = static_cast<size_t>(outs.size() * ggml_tensor_overhead()) + 1024 * 1024;
-        params.mem_buffer = NULL;
+        params.mem_buffer = nullptr;
         params.no_alloc   = true;
         control_ctx       = ggml_init(params);
 
@@ -366,20 +354,20 @@ struct ControlNet : public GGMLRunner {
     }
 
     void free_control_ctx() {
-        if (control_buffer != NULL) {
+        if (control_buffer != nullptr) {
             ggml_backend_buffer_free(control_buffer);
-            control_buffer = NULL;
+            control_buffer = nullptr;
         }
-        if (control_ctx != NULL) {
+        if (control_ctx != nullptr) {
             ggml_free(control_ctx);
-            control_ctx = NULL;
+            control_ctx = nullptr;
         }
-        guided_hint        = NULL;
+        guided_hint        = nullptr;
         guided_hint_cached = false;
         controls.clear();
     }
 
-    std::string get_desc() {
+    std::string get_desc() override {
         return "control_net";
     }
 
@@ -391,12 +379,12 @@ struct ControlNet : public GGMLRunner {
                                     struct ggml_tensor* hint,
                                     struct ggml_tensor* timesteps,
                                     struct ggml_tensor* context,
-                                    struct ggml_tensor* y = NULL) {
+                                    struct ggml_tensor* y = nullptr) {
         struct ggml_cgraph* gf = ggml_new_graph_custom(compute_ctx, CONTROL_NET_GRAPH_SIZE, false);
 
         x = to_backend(x);
         if (guided_hint_cached) {
-            hint = NULL;
+            hint = nullptr;
         } else {
             hint = to_backend(hint);
         }
@@ -404,16 +392,17 @@ struct ControlNet : public GGMLRunner {
         y         = to_backend(y);
         timesteps = to_backend(timesteps);
 
-        auto outs = control_net.forward(compute_ctx,
-                                        runtime_backend,
+        auto runner_ctx = get_context();
+
+        auto outs = control_net.forward(&runner_ctx,
                                         x,
                                         hint,
-                                        guided_hint_cached ? guided_hint : NULL,
+                                        guided_hint_cached ? guided_hint : nullptr,
                                         timesteps,
                                         context,
                                         y);
 
-        if (control_ctx == NULL) {
+        if (control_ctx == nullptr) {
             alloc_control_ctx(outs);
         }
 
@@ -431,8 +420,8 @@ struct ControlNet : public GGMLRunner {
                  struct ggml_tensor* timesteps,
                  struct ggml_tensor* context,
                  struct ggml_tensor* y,
-                 struct ggml_tensor** output     = NULL,
-                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = NULL) {
+                 struct ggml_tensor** output     = nullptr,
+                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = nullptr) {
         // x: [N, in_channels, h, w]
         // timesteps: [N, ]
         // context: [N, max_position, hidden_size]([N, 77, 768]) or [1, max_position, hidden_size]
@@ -445,7 +434,7 @@ struct ControlNet : public GGMLRunner {
         guided_hint_cached = true;
     }
 
-    bool load_from_file(const std::string& file_path) {
+    bool load_from_file(const std::string& file_path, int n_threads) {
         LOG_INFO("loading control net from '%s'", file_path.c_str());
         alloc_params_buffer();
         std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor*> tensors;
@@ -453,12 +442,12 @@ struct ControlNet : public GGMLRunner {
         std::set<std::string> ignore_tensors;
 
         ModelLoader model_loader;
-        if (!model_loader.init_from_file(file_path)) {
+        if (!model_loader.init_from_file_and_convert_name(file_path)) {
             LOG_ERROR("init control net model loader from file failed: '%s'", file_path.c_str());
             return false;
         }
 
-        bool success = model_loader.load_tensors(tensors, ignore_tensors);
+        bool success = model_loader.load_tensors(tensors, ignore_tensors, n_threads);
 
         if (!success) {
             LOG_ERROR("load control net tensors from model loader failed");

denoiser.hpp

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ struct SigmaSchedule {
 };
 
 struct DiscreteSchedule : SigmaSchedule {
-    std::vector<float> get_sigmas(uint32_t n, float sigma_min, float sigma_max, t_to_sigma_t t_to_sigma) {
+    std::vector<float> get_sigmas(uint32_t n, float sigma_min, float sigma_max, t_to_sigma_t t_to_sigma) override {
         std::vector<float> result;
 
         int t_max = TIMESTEPS - 1;
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ struct DiscreteSchedule : SigmaSchedule {
 };
 
 struct ExponentialSchedule : SigmaSchedule {
-    std::vector<float> get_sigmas(uint32_t n, float sigma_min, float sigma_max, t_to_sigma_t t_to_sigma) {
+    std::vector<float> get_sigmas(uint32_t n, float sigma_min, float sigma_max, t_to_sigma_t t_to_sigma) override {
         std::vector<float> sigmas;
 
         // Calculate step size
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ std::vector<float> log_linear_interpolation(std::vector<float> sigma_in,
 https://research.nvidia.com/labs/toronto-ai/AlignYourSteps/howto.html
 */
 struct AYSSchedule : SigmaSchedule {
-    std::vector<float> get_sigmas(uint32_t n, float sigma_min, float sigma_max, t_to_sigma_t t_to_sigma) {
+    std::vector<float> get_sigmas(uint32_t n, float sigma_min, float sigma_max, t_to_sigma_t t_to_sigma) override {
         const std::vector<float> noise_levels[] = {
             /* SD1.5 */
             {14.6146412293f, 6.4745760956f, 3.8636745985f, 2.6946151520f,
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ struct AYSSchedule : SigmaSchedule {
  * GITS Scheduler: https://github.com/zju-pi/diff-sampler/tree/main/gits-main
  */
 struct GITSSchedule : SigmaSchedule {
-    std::vector<float> get_sigmas(uint32_t n, float sigma_min, float sigma_max, t_to_sigma_t t_to_sigma) {
+    std::vector<float> get_sigmas(uint32_t n, float sigma_min, float sigma_max, t_to_sigma_t t_to_sigma) override {
         if (sigma_max <= 0.0f) {
             return std::vector<float>{};
         }
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ struct SGMUniformSchedule : SigmaSchedule {
 };
 
 struct KarrasSchedule : SigmaSchedule {
-    std::vector<float> get_sigmas(uint32_t n, float sigma_min, float sigma_max, t_to_sigma_t t_to_sigma) {
+    std::vector<float> get_sigmas(uint32_t n, float sigma_min, float sigma_max, t_to_sigma_t t_to_sigma) override {
         // These *COULD* be function arguments here,
         // but does anybody ever bother to touch them?
         float rho = 7.f;
@@ -350,15 +350,15 @@ struct CompVisDenoiser : public Denoiser {
 
     float sigma_data = 1.0f;
 
-    float sigma_min() {
+    float sigma_min() override {
         return sigmas[0];
     }
 
-    float sigma_max() {
+    float sigma_max() override {
         return sigmas[TIMESTEPS - 1];
     }
 
-    float sigma_to_t(float sigma) {
+    float sigma_to_t(float sigma) override {
         float log_sigma = std::log(sigma);
         std::vector<float> dists;
         dists.reserve(TIMESTEPS);
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ struct CompVisDenoiser : public Denoiser {
         return t;
     }
 
-    float t_to_sigma(float t) {
+    float t_to_sigma(float t) override {
         int low_idx     = static_cast<int>(std::floor(t));
         int high_idx    = static_cast<int>(std::ceil(t));
         float w         = t - static_cast<float>(low_idx);
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ struct CompVisDenoiser : public Denoiser {
         return std::exp(log_sigma);
     }
 
-    std::vector<float> get_scalings(float sigma) {
+    std::vector<float> get_scalings(float sigma) override {
         float c_skip = 1.0f;
         float c_out  = -sigma;
         float c_in   = 1.0f / std::sqrt(sigma * sigma + sigma_data * sigma_data);
@@ -400,19 +400,19 @@ struct CompVisDenoiser : public Denoiser {
     }
 
     // this function will modify noise/latent
-    ggml_tensor* noise_scaling(float sigma, ggml_tensor* noise, ggml_tensor* latent) {
-        ggml_tensor_scale(noise, sigma);
-        ggml_tensor_add(latent, noise);
+    ggml_tensor* noise_scaling(float sigma, ggml_tensor* noise, ggml_tensor* latent) override {
+        ggml_ext_tensor_scale_inplace(noise, sigma);
+        ggml_ext_tensor_add_inplace(latent, noise);
         return latent;
     }
 
-    ggml_tensor* inverse_noise_scaling(float sigma, ggml_tensor* latent) {
+    ggml_tensor* inverse_noise_scaling(float sigma, ggml_tensor* latent) override {
         return latent;
     }
 };
 
 struct CompVisVDenoiser : public CompVisDenoiser {
-    std::vector<float> get_scalings(float sigma) {
+    std::vector<float> get_scalings(float sigma) override {
         float c_skip = sigma_data * sigma_data / (sigma * sigma + sigma_data * sigma_data);
         float c_out  = -sigma * sigma_data / std::sqrt(sigma * sigma + sigma_data * sigma_data);
         float c_in   = 1.0f / std::sqrt(sigma * sigma + sigma_data * sigma_data);
@@ -429,19 +429,19 @@ struct EDMVDenoiser : public CompVisVDenoiser {
         scheduler = std::make_shared<ExponentialSchedule>();
     }
 
-    float t_to_sigma(float t) {
+    float t_to_sigma(float t) override {
         return std::exp(t * 4 / (float)TIMESTEPS);
     }
 
-    float sigma_to_t(float s) {
+    float sigma_to_t(float s) override {
         return 0.25 * std::log(s);
     }
 
-    float sigma_min() {
+    float sigma_min() override {
         return min_sigma;
     }
 
-    float sigma_max() {
+    float sigma_max() override {
         return max_sigma;
     }
 };
@@ -470,24 +470,24 @@ struct DiscreteFlowDenoiser : public Denoiser {
         }
     }
 
-    float sigma_min() {
+    float sigma_min() override {
         return sigmas[0];
     }
 
-    float sigma_max() {
+    float sigma_max() override {
         return sigmas[TIMESTEPS - 1];
     }
 
-    float sigma_to_t(float sigma) {
+    float sigma_to_t(float sigma) override {
         return sigma * 1000.f;
     }
 
-    float t_to_sigma(float t) {
+    float t_to_sigma(float t) override {
         t = t + 1;
         return time_snr_shift(shift, t / 1000.f);
     }
 
-    std::vector<float> get_scalings(float sigma) {
+    std::vector<float> get_scalings(float sigma) override {
         float c_skip = 1.0f;
         float c_out  = -sigma;
         float c_in   = 1.0f;
@@ -495,15 +495,15 @@ struct DiscreteFlowDenoiser : public Denoiser {
     }
 
     // this function will modify noise/latent
-    ggml_tensor* noise_scaling(float sigma, ggml_tensor* noise, ggml_tensor* latent) {
-        ggml_tensor_scale(noise, sigma);
-        ggml_tensor_scale(latent, 1.0f - sigma);
-        ggml_tensor_add(latent, noise);
+    ggml_tensor* noise_scaling(float sigma, ggml_tensor* noise, ggml_tensor* latent) override {
+        ggml_ext_tensor_scale_inplace(noise, sigma);
+        ggml_ext_tensor_scale_inplace(latent, 1.0f - sigma);
+        ggml_ext_tensor_add_inplace(latent, noise);
         return latent;
     }
 
-    ggml_tensor* inverse_noise_scaling(float sigma, ggml_tensor* latent) {
-        ggml_tensor_scale(latent, 1.0f / (1.0f - sigma));
+    ggml_tensor* inverse_noise_scaling(float sigma, ggml_tensor* latent) override {
+        ggml_ext_tensor_scale_inplace(latent, 1.0f / (1.0f - sigma));
         return latent;
     }
 };
@@ -529,24 +529,24 @@ struct FluxFlowDenoiser : public Denoiser {
         }
     }
 
-    float sigma_min() {
+    float sigma_min() override {
         return sigmas[0];
     }
 
-    float sigma_max() {
+    float sigma_max() override {
         return sigmas[TIMESTEPS - 1];
     }
 
-    float sigma_to_t(float sigma) {
+    float sigma_to_t(float sigma) override {
         return sigma;
     }
 
-    float t_to_sigma(float t) {
+    float t_to_sigma(float t) override {
         t = t + 1;
         return flux_time_shift(shift, 1.0f, t / TIMESTEPS);
     }
 
-    std::vector<float> get_scalings(float sigma) {
+    std::vector<float> get_scalings(float sigma) override {
         float c_skip = 1.0f;
         float c_out  = -sigma;
         float c_in   = 1.0f;
@@ -554,15 +554,15 @@ struct FluxFlowDenoiser : public Denoiser {
     }
 
     // this function will modify noise/latent
-    ggml_tensor* noise_scaling(float sigma, ggml_tensor* noise, ggml_tensor* latent) {
-        ggml_tensor_scale(noise, sigma);
-        ggml_tensor_scale(latent, 1.0f - sigma);
-        ggml_tensor_add(latent, noise);
+    ggml_tensor* noise_scaling(float sigma, ggml_tensor* noise, ggml_tensor* latent) override {
+        ggml_ext_tensor_scale_inplace(noise, sigma);
+        ggml_ext_tensor_scale_inplace(latent, 1.0f - sigma);
+        ggml_ext_tensor_add_inplace(latent, noise);
         return latent;
     }
 
-    ggml_tensor* inverse_noise_scaling(float sigma, ggml_tensor* latent) {
-        ggml_tensor_scale(latent, 1.0f / (1.0f - sigma));
+    ggml_tensor* inverse_noise_scaling(float sigma, ggml_tensor* latent) override {
+        ggml_ext_tensor_scale_inplace(latent, 1.0f / (1.0f - sigma));
         return latent;
     }
 };
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ static void sample_k_diffusion(sample_method_t method,
 
                 if (sigmas[i + 1] > 0) {
                     // x = x + noise_sampler(sigmas[i], sigmas[i + 1]) * s_noise * sigma_up
-                    ggml_tensor_set_f32_randn(noise, rng);
+                    ggml_ext_im_set_randn_f32(noise, rng);
                     // noise = load_tensor_from_file(work_ctx, "./rand" + std::to_string(i+1) + ".bin");
                     {
                         float* vec_x     = (float*)x->data;
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ static void sample_k_diffusion(sample_method_t method,
 
                 // Noise addition
                 if (sigmas[i + 1] > 0) {
-                    ggml_tensor_set_f32_randn(noise, rng);
+                    ggml_ext_im_set_randn_f32(noise, rng);
                     {
                         float* vec_x     = (float*)x->data;
                         float* vec_noise = (float*)noise->data;
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ static void sample_k_diffusion(sample_method_t method,
 
                 if (sigmas[i + 1] > 0) {
                     // x += sigmas[i + 1] * noise_sampler(sigmas[i], sigmas[i + 1])
-                    ggml_tensor_set_f32_randn(noise, rng);
+                    ggml_ext_im_set_randn_f32(noise, rng);
                     // noise = load_tensor_from_file(res_ctx, "./rand" + std::to_string(i+1) + ".bin");
                     {
                         float* vec_x     = (float*)x->data;
@@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ static void sample_k_diffusion(sample_method_t method,
                     }
                 }
                 if (eta > 0) {
-                    ggml_tensor_set_f32_randn(variance_noise, rng);
+                    ggml_ext_im_set_randn_f32(variance_noise, rng);
                     float* vec_variance_noise =
                         (float*)variance_noise->data;
                     float* vec_x = (float*)x->data;
@@ -1444,7 +1444,7 @@ static void sample_k_diffusion(sample_method_t method,
                 if (eta > 0 && i != steps - 1) {
                     // In this case, x is still pred_noised_sample,
                     // continue in-place
-                    ggml_tensor_set_f32_randn(noise, rng);
+                    ggml_ext_im_set_randn_f32(noise, rng);
                     float* vec_x     = (float*)x->data;
                     float* vec_noise = (float*)noise->data;
                     for (int j = 0; j < ggml_nelements(x); j++) {

diffusion_model.hpp

@@ -3,22 +3,23 @@
 
 #include "flux.hpp"
 #include "mmdit.hpp"
+#include "qwen_image.hpp"
 #include "unet.hpp"
 #include "wan.hpp"
 
 struct DiffusionParams {
-    struct ggml_tensor* x                     = NULL;
-    struct ggml_tensor* timesteps             = NULL;
-    struct ggml_tensor* context               = NULL;
-    struct ggml_tensor* c_concat              = NULL;
-    struct ggml_tensor* y                     = NULL;
-    struct ggml_tensor* guidance              = NULL;
+    struct ggml_tensor* x                     = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor* timesteps             = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor* context               = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor* c_concat              = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor* y                     = nullptr;
+    struct ggml_tensor* guidance              = nullptr;
     std::vector<ggml_tensor*> ref_latents     = {};
     bool increase_ref_index                   = false;
     int num_video_frames                      = -1;
     std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*> controls = {};
     float control_strength                    = 0.f;
-    struct ggml_tensor* vace_context          = NULL;
+    struct ggml_tensor* vace_context          = nullptr;
     float vace_strength                       = 1.f;
     std::vector<int> skip_layers              = {};
 };
@@ -27,14 +28,15 @@ struct DiffusionModel {
     virtual std::string get_desc()                                                      = 0;
     virtual void compute(int n_threads,
                          DiffusionParams diffusion_params,
-                         struct ggml_tensor** output     = NULL,
-                         struct ggml_context* output_ctx = NULL)                        = 0;
+                         struct ggml_tensor** output     = nullptr,
+                         struct ggml_context* output_ctx = nullptr)                     = 0;
     virtual void alloc_params_buffer()                                                  = 0;
     virtual void free_params_buffer()                                                   = 0;
     virtual void free_compute_buffer()                                                  = 0;
     virtual void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors) = 0;
     virtual size_t get_params_buffer_size()                                             = 0;
     virtual int64_t get_adm_in_channels()                                               = 0;
+    virtual void set_flash_attn_enabled(bool enabled)                                   = 0;
 };
 
 struct UNetModel : public DiffusionModel {
@@ -42,44 +44,47 @@ struct UNetModel : public DiffusionModel {
 
     UNetModel(ggml_backend_t backend,
               bool offload_params_to_cpu,
-              const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {},
-              SDVersion version                   = VERSION_SD1,
-              bool flash_attn                     = false)
-        : unet(backend, offload_params_to_cpu, tensor_types, "model.diffusion_model", version, flash_attn) {
+              const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {},
+              SDVersion version                              = VERSION_SD1)
+        : unet(backend, offload_params_to_cpu, tensor_storage_map, "model.diffusion_model", version) {
     }
 
-    std::string get_desc() {
+    std::string get_desc() override {
         return unet.get_desc();
     }
 
-    void alloc_params_buffer() {
+    void alloc_params_buffer() override {
         unet.alloc_params_buffer();
     }
 
-    void free_params_buffer() {
+    void free_params_buffer() override {
         unet.free_params_buffer();
     }
 
-    void free_compute_buffer() {
+    void free_compute_buffer() override {
         unet.free_compute_buffer();
     }
 
-    void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors) {
+    void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors) override {
         unet.get_param_tensors(tensors, "model.diffusion_model");
     }
 
-    size_t get_params_buffer_size() {
+    size_t get_params_buffer_size() override {
         return unet.get_params_buffer_size();
     }
 
-    int64_t get_adm_in_channels() {
+    int64_t get_adm_in_channels() override {
         return unet.unet.adm_in_channels;
     }
 
+    void set_flash_attn_enabled(bool enabled) {
+        unet.set_flash_attention_enabled(enabled);
+    }
+
     void compute(int n_threads,
                  DiffusionParams diffusion_params,
-                 struct ggml_tensor** output     = NULL,
-                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = NULL) {
+                 struct ggml_tensor** output     = nullptr,
+                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = nullptr) override {
         return unet.compute(n_threads,
                             diffusion_params.x,
                             diffusion_params.timesteps,
@@ -97,43 +102,46 @@ struct MMDiTModel : public DiffusionModel {
 
     MMDiTModel(ggml_backend_t backend,
                bool offload_params_to_cpu,
-               bool flash_attn                     = false,
-               const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {})
-        : mmdit(backend, offload_params_to_cpu, flash_attn, tensor_types, "model.diffusion_model") {
+               const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {})
+        : mmdit(backend, offload_params_to_cpu, tensor_storage_map, "model.diffusion_model") {
     }
 
-    std::string get_desc() {
+    std::string get_desc() override {
         return mmdit.get_desc();
     }
 
-    void alloc_params_buffer() {
+    void alloc_params_buffer() override {
         mmdit.alloc_params_buffer();
     }
 
-    void free_params_buffer() {
+    void free_params_buffer() override {
         mmdit.free_params_buffer();
     }
 
-    void free_compute_buffer() {
+    void free_compute_buffer() override {
         mmdit.free_compute_buffer();
     }
 
-    void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors) {
+    void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors) override {
         mmdit.get_param_tensors(tensors, "model.diffusion_model");
     }
 
-    size_t get_params_buffer_size() {
+    size_t get_params_buffer_size() override {
         return mmdit.get_params_buffer_size();
     }
 
-    int64_t get_adm_in_channels() {
+    int64_t get_adm_in_channels() override {
         return 768 + 1280;
     }
 
+    void set_flash_attn_enabled(bool enabled) {
+        mmdit.set_flash_attention_enabled(enabled);
+    }
+
     void compute(int n_threads,
                  DiffusionParams diffusion_params,
-                 struct ggml_tensor** output     = NULL,
-                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = NULL) {
+                 struct ggml_tensor** output     = nullptr,
+                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = nullptr) override {
         return mmdit.compute(n_threads,
                              diffusion_params.x,
                              diffusion_params.timesteps,
@@ -150,45 +158,48 @@ struct FluxModel : public DiffusionModel {
 
     FluxModel(ggml_backend_t backend,
               bool offload_params_to_cpu,
-              const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {},
-              SDVersion version                   = VERSION_FLUX,
-              bool flash_attn                     = false,
-              bool use_mask                       = false)
-        : flux(backend, offload_params_to_cpu, tensor_types, "model.diffusion_model", version, flash_attn, use_mask) {
+              const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {},
+              SDVersion version                              = VERSION_FLUX,
+              bool use_mask                                  = false)
+        : flux(backend, offload_params_to_cpu, tensor_storage_map, "model.diffusion_model", version, use_mask) {
     }
 
-    std::string get_desc() {
+    std::string get_desc() override {
         return flux.get_desc();
     }
 
-    void alloc_params_buffer() {
+    void alloc_params_buffer() override {
         flux.alloc_params_buffer();
     }
 
-    void free_params_buffer() {
+    void free_params_buffer() override {
         flux.free_params_buffer();
     }
 
-    void free_compute_buffer() {
+    void free_compute_buffer() override {
         flux.free_compute_buffer();
     }
 
-    void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors) {
+    void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors) override {
         flux.get_param_tensors(tensors, "model.diffusion_model");
     }
 
-    size_t get_params_buffer_size() {
+    size_t get_params_buffer_size() override {
         return flux.get_params_buffer_size();
     }
 
-    int64_t get_adm_in_channels() {
+    int64_t get_adm_in_channels() override {
         return 768;
     }
 
+    void set_flash_attn_enabled(bool enabled) {
+        flux.set_flash_attention_enabled(enabled);
+    }
+
     void compute(int n_threads,
                  DiffusionParams diffusion_params,
-                 struct ggml_tensor** output     = NULL,
-                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = NULL) {
+                 struct ggml_tensor** output     = nullptr,
+                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = nullptr) override {
         return flux.compute(n_threads,
                             diffusion_params.x,
                             diffusion_params.timesteps,
@@ -210,52 +221,55 @@ struct WanModel : public DiffusionModel {
 
     WanModel(ggml_backend_t backend,
              bool offload_params_to_cpu,
-             const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {},
-             const std::string prefix            = "model.diffusion_model",
-             SDVersion version                   = VERSION_WAN2,
-             bool flash_attn                     = false)
-        : prefix(prefix), wan(backend, offload_params_to_cpu, tensor_types, prefix, version, flash_attn) {
+             const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {},
+             const std::string prefix                       = "model.diffusion_model",
+             SDVersion version                              = VERSION_WAN2)
+        : prefix(prefix), wan(backend, offload_params_to_cpu, tensor_storage_map, prefix, version) {
     }
 
-    std::string get_desc() {
+    std::string get_desc() override {
         return wan.get_desc();
     }
 
-    void alloc_params_buffer() {
+    void alloc_params_buffer() override {
         wan.alloc_params_buffer();
     }
 
-    void free_params_buffer() {
+    void free_params_buffer() override {
         wan.free_params_buffer();
     }
 
-    void free_compute_buffer() {
+    void free_compute_buffer() override {
         wan.free_compute_buffer();
     }
 
-    void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors) {
+    void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors) override {
         wan.get_param_tensors(tensors, prefix);
     }
 
-    size_t get_params_buffer_size() {
+    size_t get_params_buffer_size() override {
         return wan.get_params_buffer_size();
     }
 
-    int64_t get_adm_in_channels() {
+    int64_t get_adm_in_channels() override {
         return 768;
     }
 
+    void set_flash_attn_enabled(bool enabled) {
+        wan.set_flash_attention_enabled(enabled);
+    }
+
     void compute(int n_threads,
                  DiffusionParams diffusion_params,
-                 struct ggml_tensor** output     = NULL,
-                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = NULL) {
+                 struct ggml_tensor** output     = nullptr,
+                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = nullptr) override {
         return wan.compute(n_threads,
                            diffusion_params.x,
                            diffusion_params.timesteps,
                            diffusion_params.context,
                            diffusion_params.y,
                            diffusion_params.c_concat,
-                           NULL,
+                           nullptr,
                            diffusion_params.vace_context,
                            diffusion_params.vace_strength,
                            output,
@@ -263,4 +277,63 @@ struct WanModel : public DiffusionModel {
     }
 };
 
+struct QwenImageModel : public DiffusionModel {
+    std::string prefix;
+    Qwen::QwenImageRunner qwen_image;
+
+    QwenImageModel(ggml_backend_t backend,
+                   bool offload_params_to_cpu,
+                   const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {},
+                   const std::string prefix                       = "model.diffusion_model",
+                   SDVersion version                              = VERSION_QWEN_IMAGE)
+        : prefix(prefix), qwen_image(backend, offload_params_to_cpu, tensor_storage_map, prefix, version) {
+    }
+
+    std::string get_desc() override {
+        return qwen_image.get_desc();
+    }
+
+    void alloc_params_buffer() override {
+        qwen_image.alloc_params_buffer();
+    }
+
+    void free_params_buffer() override {
+        qwen_image.free_params_buffer();
+    }
+
+    void free_compute_buffer() override {
+        qwen_image.free_compute_buffer();
+    }
+
+    void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors) override {
+        qwen_image.get_param_tensors(tensors, prefix);
+    }
+
+    size_t get_params_buffer_size() override {
+        return qwen_image.get_params_buffer_size();
+    }
+
+    int64_t get_adm_in_channels() override {
+        return 768;
+    }
+
+    void set_flash_attn_enabled(bool enabled) {
+        qwen_image.set_flash_attention_enabled(enabled);
+    }
+
+    void compute(int n_threads,
+                 DiffusionParams diffusion_params,
+                 struct ggml_tensor** output     = nullptr,
+                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = nullptr) override {
+        return qwen_image.compute(n_threads,
+                                  diffusion_params.x,
+                                  diffusion_params.timesteps,
+                                  diffusion_params.context,
+                                  diffusion_params.ref_latents,
+                                  true,  // increase_ref_index
+                                  output,
+                                  output_ctx);
+    }
+};
+
 #endif

docs/build.md

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+# Build from scratch
+
+## Get the Code
+
+```
+git clone --recursive https://github.com/leejet/stable-diffusion.cpp
+cd stable-diffusion.cpp
+```
+
+- If you have already cloned the repository, you can use the following command to update the repository to the latest code.
+
+```
+cd stable-diffusion.cpp
+git pull origin master
+git submodule init
+git submodule update
+```
+
+## Build (CPU only)
+
+If you don't have a GPU or CUDA installed, you can build a CPU-only version.
+
+```shell
+mkdir build && cd build
+cmake ..
+cmake --build . --config Release
+```
+
+## Build with OpenBLAS
+
+```shell
+mkdir build && cd build
+cmake .. -DGGML_OPENBLAS=ON
+cmake --build . --config Release
+```
+
+## Build with CUDA
+
+This provides GPU acceleration using NVIDIA GPU. Make sure to have the CUDA toolkit installed. You can download it from your Linux distro's package manager (e.g. `apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit`) or from here: [CUDA Toolkit](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads). Recommended to have at least 4 GB of VRAM.
+
+```shell
+mkdir build && cd build
+cmake .. -DSD_CUDA=ON
+cmake --build . --config Release
+```
+
+## Build with HipBLAS
+
+This provides GPU acceleration using AMD GPU. Make sure to have the ROCm toolkit installed.
+To build for another GPU architecture than installed in your system, set `$GFX_NAME` manually to the desired architecture (replace first command). This is also necessary if your GPU is not officially supported by ROCm, for example you have to set `$GFX_NAME` manually to `gfx1030` for consumer RDNA2 cards.
+
+Windows User Refer to [docs/hipBLAS_on_Windows.md](docs%2FhipBLAS_on_Windows.md) for a comprehensive guide.
+
+```shell
+mkdir build && cd build
+if command -v rocminfo; then export GFX_NAME=$(rocminfo | awk '/ *Name: +gfx[1-9]/ {print $2; exit}'); else echo "rocminfo missing!"; fi
+if [ -z "${GFX_NAME}" ]; then echo "Error: Couldn't detect GPU!"; else echo "Building for GPU: ${GFX_NAME}"; fi
+cmake .. -G "Ninja" -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DSD_HIPBLAS=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DGPU_TARGETS=$GFX_NAME -DAMDGPU_TARGETS=$GFX_NAME -DCMAKE_BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH=ON -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON
+cmake --build . --config Release
+```
+
+## Build with MUSA
+
+This provides GPU acceleration using Moore Threads GPU. Make sure to have the MUSA toolkit installed.
+
+```shell
+mkdir build && cd build
+cmake .. -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/usr/local/musa/bin/clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/usr/local/musa/bin/clang++ -DSD_MUSA=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+cmake --build . --config Release
+```
+
+## Build with Metal
+
+Using Metal makes the computation run on the GPU. Currently, there are some issues with Metal when performing operations on very large matrices, making it highly inefficient at the moment. Performance improvements are expected in the near future.
+
+```shell
+mkdir build && cd build
+cmake .. -DSD_METAL=ON
+cmake --build . --config Release
+```
+
+## Build with Vulkan
+
+Install Vulkan SDK from https://www.lunarg.com/vulkan-sdk/.
+
+```shell
+mkdir build && cd build
+cmake .. -DSD_VULKAN=ON
+cmake --build . --config Release
+```
+
+## Build with OpenCL (for Adreno GPU)
+
+Currently, it supports only Adreno GPUs and is primarily optimized for Q4_0 type
+
+To build for Windows ARM please refers to [Windows 11 Arm64](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/blob/master/docs/backend/OPENCL.md#windows-11-arm64)
+
+Building for Android:
+
+  Android NDK:
+       Download and install the Android NDK from the [official Android developer site](https://developer.android.com/ndk/downloads).
+
+Setup OpenCL Dependencies for NDK:
+
+You need to provide OpenCL headers and the ICD loader library to your NDK sysroot.
+
+*   OpenCL Headers:
+    ```bash
+    # In a temporary working directory
+    git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-Headers
+    cd OpenCL-Headers
+    # Replace <YOUR_NDK_PATH> with your actual NDK installation path
+    # e.g., cp -r CL /path/to/android-ndk-r26c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/include
+    sudo cp -r CL <YOUR_NDK_PATH>/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/include
+    cd ..
+    ```
+
+*   OpenCL ICD Loader:
+    ```shell
+    # In the same temporary working directory
+    git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-ICD-Loader
+    cd OpenCL-ICD-Loader
+    mkdir build_ndk && cd build_ndk
+
+    # Replace <YOUR_NDK_PATH> in the CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE and OPENCL_ICD_LOADER_HEADERS_DIR
+    cmake .. -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+      -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=<YOUR_NDK_PATH>/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake \
+      -DOPENCL_ICD_LOADER_HEADERS_DIR=<YOUR_NDK_PATH>/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/include \
+      -DANDROID_ABI=arm64-v8a \
+      -DANDROID_PLATFORM=24 \
+      -DANDROID_STL=c++_shared
+
+    ninja
+    # Replace <YOUR_NDK_PATH>
+    # e.g., cp libOpenCL.so /path/to/android-ndk-r26c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-android
+    sudo cp libOpenCL.so <YOUR_NDK_PATH>/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-android
+    cd ../..
+    ```
+
+Build `stable-diffusion.cpp` for Android with OpenCL:
+
+```shell
+mkdir build-android && cd build-android
+
+# Replace <YOUR_NDK_PATH> with your actual NDK installation path
+# e.g., -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/path/to/android-ndk-r26c/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake
+cmake .. -G Ninja \
+  -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=<YOUR_NDK_PATH>/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake \
+  -DANDROID_ABI=arm64-v8a \
+  -DANDROID_PLATFORM=android-28 \
+  -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF \
+  -DSD_OPENCL=ON
+
+ninja
+```
+*(Note: Don't forget to include `LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/vendor/lib64` in your command line before running the binary)*
+
+## Build with SYCL
+
+Using SYCL makes the computation run on the Intel GPU. Please make sure you have installed the related driver and [Intel® oneAPI Base toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) before start. More details and steps can refer to [llama.cpp SYCL backend](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/blob/master/docs/backend/SYCL.md#linux).
+
+```shell
+# Export relevant ENV variables
+source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
+
+# Option 1: Use FP32 (recommended for better performance in most cases)
+cmake .. -DSD_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx
+
+# Option 2: Use FP16
+cmake .. -DSD_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DGGML_SYCL_F16=ON
+
+cmake --build . --config Release
+```

docs/chroma_radiance.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# How to Use
+
+## Download weights
+
+- Download Chroma1-Radiance
+    - safetensors: https://huggingface.co/lodestones/Chroma1-Radiance/tree/main
+    - gguf: https://huggingface.co/silveroxides/Chroma1-Radiance-GGUF/tree/main
+
+- Download t5xxl
+    - safetensors: https://huggingface.co/comfyanonymous/flux_text_encoders/blob/main/t5xxl_fp16.safetensors
+
+## Examples
+
+```
+.\bin\Release\sd.exe --diffusion-model  ..\..\ComfyUI\models\diffusion_models\Chroma1-Radiance-v0.4-Q8_0.gguf --t5xxl ..\..\ComfyUI\models\clip\t5xxl_fp16.safetensors  -p "a lovely cat holding a sign says 'chroma  radiance cpp'" --cfg-scale 4.0 --sampling-method euler -v
+```
+
+<img alt="Chroma1-Radiance" src="../assets/flux/chroma1-radiance.png" />
+
+
+

docs/distilled_sd.md

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+# Running distilled models: SSD1B and SDx.x with tiny U-Nets
+
+## Preface 
+
+These models feature a reduced U-Net architecture. Unlike standard SDXL models, the SSD-1B U-Net contains only one middle block and fewer attention layers in its up- and down-blocks, resulting in significantly smaller file sizes. Using these models can reduce inference time by more than 33%. For more details, refer to Segmind's paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.02677v1.
+Similarly, SD1.x- and SD2.x-style models with a tiny U-Net consist of only 6 U-Net blocks, leading to very small files and time savings of up to 50%. For more information, see the paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.15798.pdf.
+
+## SSD1B
+
+Note that not all of these models follow the standard parameter naming conventions. However, several useful SSD-1B models are available online, such as:
+
+ * https://huggingface.co/segmind/SSD-1B/resolve/main/SSD-1B-A1111.safetensors
+ * https://huggingface.co/hassenhamdi/SSD-1B-fp8_e4m3fn/resolve/main/SSD-1B_fp8_e4m3fn.safetensors
+
+Useful LoRAs are also available:
+
+ * https://huggingface.co/seungminh/lora-swarovski-SSD-1B/resolve/main/pytorch_lora_weights.safetensors
+ * https://huggingface.co/kylielee505/mylcmlorassd/resolve/main/pytorch_lora_weights.safetensors
+
+These files can be used out-of-the-box, unlike the models described in the next section.
+
+
+## SD1.x, SD2.x with tiny U-Nets
+
+These models require conversion before use. You will need a Python script provided by the diffusers team, available on GitHub:
+
+ * https://raw.githubusercontent.com/huggingface/diffusers/refs/heads/main/scripts/convert_diffusers_to_original_stable_diffusion.py
+
+### SD2.x
+
+NotaAI provides the following model online:
+
+* https://huggingface.co/nota-ai/bk-sdm-v2-tiny
+
+Creating a .safetensors file involves two steps. First, run this short Python script to download the model from Hugging Face:
+
+```python
+from diffusers import StableDiffusionPipeline
+pipe = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("nota-ai/bk-sdm-v2-tiny",cache_dir="./")
+```
+
+Second, create the .safetensors file by running:
+
+```bash
+python convert_diffusers_to_original_stable_diffusion.py \
+      --model_path  models--nota-ai--bk-sdm-v2-tiny/snapshots/68277af553777858cd47e133f92e4db47321bc74 \
+      --checkpoint_path bk-sdm-v2-tiny.safetensors --half --use_safetensors
+```
+
+This will generate the **file bk-sdm-v2-tiny.safetensors**, which is now ready for use with sd.cpp.
+
+### SD1.x
+
+Several Tiny SD 1.x models are available online, such as:
+
+ * https://huggingface.co/segmind/tiny-sd
+ * https://huggingface.co/segmind/portrait-finetuned
+ * https://huggingface.co/nota-ai/bk-sdm-tiny
+
+These models also require conversion, partly because some tensors are stored in a non-contiguous manner. To create a usable checkpoint file, follow these simple steps:
+Download and prepare the model using Python: 
+
+##### Download the model using Python on your computer, for example this way:
+
+```python
+import torch
+from diffusers import StableDiffusionPipeline
+pipe = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("segmind/tiny-sd")
+unet=pipe.unet
+for param in unet.parameters():
+    param.data = param.data.contiguous()     # <- important here
+pipe.save_pretrained("segmindtiny-sd", safe_serialization=True)
+```
+
+##### Run the conversion script:
+
+```bash
+python convert_diffusers_to_original_stable_diffusion.py \
+      --model_path  ./segmindtiny-sd \
+      --checkpoint_path ./segmind_tiny-sd.ckpt --half
+```
+
+The file segmind_tiny-sd.ckpt will be generated and is now ready for use with sd.cpp. You can follow a similar process for the other models mentioned above.
+
+
+### Another available .ckpt file:
+
+ * https://huggingface.co/ClashSAN/small-sd/resolve/main/tinySDdistilled.ckpt
+
+To use this file, you must first adjust its non-contiguous tensors:
+
+```python
+import torch
+ckpt = torch.load("tinySDdistilled.ckpt", map_location=torch.device('cpu'))
+for key, value in ckpt['state_dict'].items():
+    if isinstance(value, torch.Tensor):
+        ckpt['state_dict'][key] = value.contiguous()
+torch.save(ckpt, "tinySDdistilled_fixed.ckpt")
+```

docs/lora.md

@@ -20,20 +20,30 @@ Here's a simple example:
 
 NOTE: The other backends may have different support.
 
-| Quant / Type | CUDA |
-|--------------|------|
-| F32          | ✔️   |
-| F16          | ✔️   |
-| BF16         | ✔️   |
-| I32          | ✔️   |
-| Q4_0         | ✔️   |
-| Q4_1         | ✔️   |
-| Q5_0         | ✔️   |
-| Q5_1         | ✔️   |
-| Q8_0         | ✔️   |
-| Q2_K         | ❌   |
-| Q3_K         | ❌   |
-| Q4_K         | ❌   |
-| Q5_K         | ❌   |
-| Q6_K         | ❌   |
-| Q8_K         | ❌   |
+| Quant / Type | CUDA | Vulkan |
+|--------------|------|--------|
+| F32          | ✔️   | ✔️   |
+| F16          | ✔️   | ✔️   |
+| BF16         | ✔️   | ✔️   |
+| I32          | ✔️   | ❌   |
+| Q4_0         | ✔️   | ✔️   |
+| Q4_1         | ✔️   | ✔️   |
+| Q5_0         | ✔️   | ✔️   |
+| Q5_1         | ✔️   | ✔️   |
+| Q8_0         | ✔️   | ✔️   |
+| Q2_K         | ❌   | ❌   |
+| Q3_K         | ❌   | ❌   |
+| Q4_K         | ❌   | ❌   |
+| Q5_K         | ❌   | ❌   |
+| Q6_K         | ❌   | ❌   |
+| Q8_K         | ❌   | ❌   |
+| IQ1_S        | ❌   | ✔️   |
+| IQ1_M        | ❌   | ✔️   |
+| IQ2_XXS      | ❌   | ✔️   |
+| IQ2_XS       | ❌   | ✔️   |
+| IQ2_S        | ❌   | ✔️   |
+| IQ3_XXS      | ❌   | ✔️   |
+| IQ3_S        | ❌   | ✔️   |
+| IQ4_XS       | ❌   | ✔️   |
+| IQ4_NL       | ❌   | ✔️   |
+| MXFP4        | ❌   | ✔️   |

docs/performance.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+## Use Flash Attention to save memory and improve speed.
+
+Enabling flash attention for the diffusion model reduces memory usage by varying amounts of MB.
+eg.:
+ - flux 768x768 ~600mb
+ - SD2 768x768 ~1400mb
+
+For most backends, it slows things down, but for cuda it generally speeds it up too.
+At the moment, it is only supported for some models and some backends (like cpu, cuda/rocm, metal).
+
+Run by adding `--diffusion-fa` to the arguments and watch for:
+```
+[INFO ] stable-diffusion.cpp:312  - Using flash attention in the diffusion model
+```
+and the compute buffer shrink in the debug log:
+```
+[DEBUG] ggml_extend.hpp:1004 - flux compute buffer size: 650.00 MB(VRAM)
+```
+
+## Offload weights to the CPU to save VRAM without reducing generation speed.
+
+Using `--offload-to-cpu` allows you to offload weights to the CPU, saving VRAM without reducing generation speed.
+
+## Use quantization to reduce memory usage.
+
+[quantization](./quantization_and_gguf.md)

docs/photo_maker.md

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Running PMV2 is now a two-step process:
 ```
 python face_detect.py input_image_dir
 ```
-An ```id_embeds.safetensors``` file will be generated in ```input_images_dir```
+An ```id_embeds.bin``` file will be generated in ```input_images_dir```
 
 **Note: this step is only needed to run once; the same ```id_embeds``` can be reused**
 
@@ -48,6 +48,6 @@ An ```id_embeds.safetensors``` file will be generated in ```input_images_dir```
 
   You can download ```photomaker-v2.safetensors``` from [here](https://huggingface.co/bssrdf/PhotoMakerV2)
 
-- All the command line parameters from Version 1 remain the same for Version 2
+- All the command line parameters from Version 1 remain the same for Version 2 plus one extra pointing to a valid ```id_embeds``` file:  --pm-id-embed-path [path_to__id_embeds.bin] 
 
 

docs/qwen_image.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# How to Use
+
+## Download weights
+
+- Download Qwen Image
+    - safetensors: https://huggingface.co/Comfy-Org/Qwen-Image_ComfyUI/tree/main/split_files/diffusion_models
+    - gguf: https://huggingface.co/QuantStack/Qwen-Image-GGUF/tree/main
+- Download vae
+    - safetensors: https://huggingface.co/Comfy-Org/Qwen-Image_ComfyUI/tree/main/split_files/vae
+- Download qwen_2.5_vl 7b
+    - safetensors: https://huggingface.co/Comfy-Org/Qwen-Image_ComfyUI/tree/main/split_files/text_encoders
+    - gguf: https://huggingface.co/mradermacher/Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct-GGUF/tree/main
+
+## Examples
+
+```
+.\bin\Release\sd.exe --diffusion-model  ..\..\ComfyUI\models\diffusion_models\qwen-image-Q8_0.gguf --vae ..\..\ComfyUI\models\vae\qwen_image_vae.safetensors  --qwen2vl ..\..\ComfyUI\models\text_encoders\Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct-Q8_0.gguf  -p '一个穿着"QWEN"标志的T恤的中国美女正拿着黑色的马克笔面相镜头微笑。她身后的玻璃板上手写体写着 “一、Qwen-Image的技术路线： 探索视觉生成基础模型的极限，开创理解与生成一体化的未来。二、Qwen-Image的模型特色：1、复杂文字渲染。支持中英渲染、自动布局； 2、精准图像编辑。支持文字编辑、物体增减、风格变换。三、Qwen-Image的未来愿景：赋能专业内容创作、助力生成式AI发展。”' --cfg-scale 2.5 --sampling-method euler -v --offload-to-cpu -H 1024 -W 1024 --diffusion-fa --flow-shift 3
+```
+
+<img alt="qwen example" src="../assets/qwen/example.png" />
+
+
+

docs/qwen_image_edit.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# How to Use
+
+## Download weights
+
+- Download Qwen Image
+    - Qwen Image Edit
+        - safetensors: https://huggingface.co/Comfy-Org/Qwen-Image-Edit_ComfyUI/tree/main/split_files/diffusion_models
+        - gguf: https://huggingface.co/QuantStack/Qwen-Image-Edit-GGUF/tree/main
+    - Qwen Image Edit 2509
+        - safetensors: https://huggingface.co/Comfy-Org/Qwen-Image-Edit_ComfyUI/tree/main/split_files/diffusion_models
+        - gguf: https://huggingface.co/QuantStack/Qwen-Image-Edit-2509-GGUF/tree/main
+- Download vae
+    - safetensors: https://huggingface.co/Comfy-Org/Qwen-Image_ComfyUI/tree/main/split_files/vae
+- Download qwen_2.5_vl 7b
+    - safetensors: https://huggingface.co/Comfy-Org/Qwen-Image_ComfyUI/tree/main/split_files/text_encoders
+    - gguf: https://huggingface.co/mradermacher/Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct-GGUF/tree/main
+
+## Examples
+
+### Qwen Image Edit
+
+```
+.\bin\Release\sd.exe --diffusion-model  ..\..\ComfyUI\models\diffusion_models\Qwen_Image_Edit-Q8_0.gguf --vae ..\..\ComfyUI\models\vae\qwen_image_vae.safetensors  --qwen2vl ..\..\ComfyUI\models\text_encoders\qwen_2.5_vl_7b.safetensors --cfg-scale 2.5 --sampling-method euler -v --offload-to-cpu --diffusion-fa --flow-shift 3 -r ..\assets\flux\flux1-dev-q8_0.png -p "change 'flux.cpp' to 'edit.cpp'" --seed 1118877715456453
+```
+
+<img alt="qwen_image_edit" src="../assets/qwen/qwen_image_edit.png" />
+
+
+### Qwen Image Edit 2509
+
+```
+.\bin\Release\sd.exe --diffusion-model  ..\..\ComfyUI\models\diffusion_models\Qwen-Image-Edit-2509-Q4_K_S.gguf --vae ..\..\ComfyUI\models\vae\qwen_image_vae.safetensors  --qwen2vl ..\..\ComfyUI\models\text_encoders\Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct-Q8_0.gguf --qwen2vl_vision ..\..\ComfyUI\models\text_encoders\Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct.mmproj-Q8_0.gguf --cfg-scale 2.5 --sampling-method euler -v --offload-to-cpu --diffusion-fa --flow-shift 3 -r ..\assets\flux\flux1-dev-q8_0.png -p "change 'flux.cpp' to 'Qwen Image Edit 2509'"
+```
+
+<img alt="qwen_image_edit_2509" src="../assets/qwen/qwen_image_edit_2509.png" />

docs/sd.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+## Download weights
+
+- download original weights(.ckpt or .safetensors). For example
+    - Stable Diffusion v1.4 from https://huggingface.co/CompVis/stable-diffusion-v-1-4-original
+    - Stable Diffusion v1.5 from https://huggingface.co/runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5
+    - Stable Diffuison v2.1 from https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-2-1
+    - Stable Diffusion 3 2B from https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stable-diffusion-3-medium
+
+### txt2img example
+
+```sh
+./bin/sd -m ../models/sd-v1-4.ckpt -p "a lovely cat"
+# ./bin/sd -m ../models/v1-5-pruned-emaonly.safetensors -p "a lovely cat"
+# ./bin/sd -m ../models/sd_xl_base_1.0.safetensors --vae ../models/sdxl_vae-fp16-fix.safetensors -H 1024 -W 1024 -p "a lovely cat" -v
+# ./bin/sd -m ../models/sd3_medium_incl_clips_t5xxlfp16.safetensors -H 1024 -W 1024 -p 'a lovely cat holding a sign says \"Stable Diffusion CPP\"' --cfg-scale 4.5 --sampling-method euler -v --clip-on-cpu
+# ./bin/sd --diffusion-model  ../models/flux1-dev-q3_k.gguf --vae ../models/ae.sft --clip_l ../models/clip_l.safetensors --t5xxl ../models/t5xxl_fp16.safetensors  -p "a lovely cat holding a sign says 'flux.cpp'" --cfg-scale 1.0 --sampling-method euler -v --clip-on-cpu
+# ./bin/sd -m  ..\models\sd3.5_large.safetensors --clip_l ..\models\clip_l.safetensors --clip_g ..\models\clip_g.safetensors --t5xxl ..\models\t5xxl_fp16.safetensors  -H 1024 -W 1024 -p 'a lovely cat holding a sign says \"Stable diffusion 3.5 Large\"' --cfg-scale 4.5 --sampling-method euler -v --clip-on-cpu
+```
+
+Using formats of different precisions will yield results of varying quality.
+
+| f32  | f16  |q8_0  |q5_0  |q5_1  |q4_0  |q4_1  |
+| ----  |----  |----  |----  |----  |----  |----  |
+| ![](../assets/f32.png) |![](../assets/f16.png) |![](../assets/q8_0.png) |![](../assets/q5_0.png) |![](../assets/q5_1.png) |![](../assets/q4_0.png) |![](../assets/q4_1.png) |
+
+### img2img example
+
+- `./output.png` is the image generated from the above txt2img pipeline
+
+
+```
+./bin/sd -m ../models/sd-v1-4.ckpt -p "cat with blue eyes" -i ./output.png -o ./img2img_output.png --strength 0.4
+```
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img src="../assets/img2img_output.png" width="256x">
+</p>

docs/taesd.md

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ You can use TAESD to accelerate the decoding of latent images by following these
 Or curl
 
 ```bash
-curl -L -O https://huggingface.co/madebyollin/taesd/blob/main/diffusion_pytorch_model.safetensors
+curl -L -O https://huggingface.co/madebyollin/taesd/resolve/main/diffusion_pytorch_model.safetensors
 ```
 
 - Specify the model path using the `--taesd PATH` parameter. example:

esrgan.hpp

@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ public:
         blocks["conv5"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(num_feat + 4 * num_grow_ch, num_feat, {3, 3}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* lrelu(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
-        return ggml_leaky_relu(ctx, x, 0.2f, true);
+    struct ggml_tensor* lrelu(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+        return ggml_leaky_relu(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 0.2f, true);
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         // x: [n, num_feat, h, w]
         // return: [n, num_feat, h, w]
 
@@ -42,16 +42,16 @@ public:
         auto conv5 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["conv5"]);
 
         auto x1    = lrelu(ctx, conv1->forward(ctx, x));
-        auto x_cat = ggml_concat(ctx, x, x1, 2);
+        auto x_cat = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, x1, 2);
         auto x2    = lrelu(ctx, conv2->forward(ctx, x_cat));
-        x_cat      = ggml_concat(ctx, x_cat, x2, 2);
+        x_cat      = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_cat, x2, 2);
         auto x3    = lrelu(ctx, conv3->forward(ctx, x_cat));
-        x_cat      = ggml_concat(ctx, x_cat, x3, 2);
+        x_cat      = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_cat, x3, 2);
         auto x4    = lrelu(ctx, conv4->forward(ctx, x_cat));
-        x_cat      = ggml_concat(ctx, x_cat, x4, 2);
+        x_cat      = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_cat, x4, 2);
         auto x5    = conv5->forward(ctx, x_cat);
 
-        x5 = ggml_add(ctx, ggml_scale(ctx, x5, 0.2f), x);
+        x5 = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_scale(ctx->ggml_ctx, x5, 0.2f), x);
         return x5;
     }
 };
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public:
         blocks["rdb3"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new ResidualDenseBlock(num_feat, num_grow_ch));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         // x: [n, num_feat, h, w]
         // return: [n, num_feat, h, w]
 
@@ -76,46 +76,51 @@ public:
         out      = rdb2->forward(ctx, out);
         out      = rdb3->forward(ctx, out);
 
-        out = ggml_add(ctx, ggml_scale(ctx, out, 0.2f), x);
+        out = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_scale(ctx->ggml_ctx, out, 0.2f), x);
         return out;
     }
 };
 
 class RRDBNet : public GGMLBlock {
 protected:
-    int scale       = 4;  // default RealESRGAN_x4plus_anime_6B
-    int num_block   = 6;  // default RealESRGAN_x4plus_anime_6B
+    int scale       = 4;
+    int num_block   = 23;
     int num_in_ch   = 3;
     int num_out_ch  = 3;
-    int num_feat    = 64;  // default RealESRGAN_x4plus_anime_6B
-    int num_grow_ch = 32;  // default RealESRGAN_x4plus_anime_6B
+    int num_feat    = 64;
+    int num_grow_ch = 32;
 
 public:
-    RRDBNet() {
+    RRDBNet(int scale, int num_block, int num_in_ch, int num_out_ch, int num_feat, int num_grow_ch)
+        : scale(scale), num_block(num_block), num_in_ch(num_in_ch), num_out_ch(num_out_ch), num_feat(num_feat), num_grow_ch(num_grow_ch) {
         blocks["conv_first"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(num_in_ch, num_feat, {3, 3}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
         for (int i = 0; i < num_block; i++) {
             std::string name = "body." + std::to_string(i);
             blocks[name]     = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new RRDB(num_feat, num_grow_ch));
         }
         blocks["conv_body"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(num_feat, num_feat, {3, 3}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
-        // upsample
-        blocks["conv_up1"]  = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(num_feat, num_feat, {3, 3}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
-        blocks["conv_up2"]  = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(num_feat, num_feat, {3, 3}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
+        if (scale >= 2) {
+            blocks["conv_up1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(num_feat, num_feat, {3, 3}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
+        }
+        if (scale == 4) {
+            blocks["conv_up2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(num_feat, num_feat, {3, 3}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
+        }
         blocks["conv_hr"]   = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(num_feat, num_feat, {3, 3}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
         blocks["conv_last"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(num_feat, num_out_ch, {3, 3}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* lrelu(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
-        return ggml_leaky_relu(ctx, x, 0.2f, true);
+    int get_scale() { return scale; }
+    int get_num_block() { return num_block; }
+
+    struct ggml_tensor* lrelu(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+        return ggml_leaky_relu(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 0.2f, true);
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         // x: [n, num_in_ch, h, w]
-        // return: [n, num_out_ch, h*4, w*4]
+        // return: [n, num_out_ch, h*scale, w*scale]
         auto conv_first = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["conv_first"]);
         auto conv_body  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["conv_body"]);
-        auto conv_up1   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["conv_up1"]);
-        auto conv_up2   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["conv_up2"]);
         auto conv_hr    = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["conv_hr"]);
         auto conv_last  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["conv_last"]);
 
@@ -128,70 +133,222 @@ public:
             body_feat = block->forward(ctx, body_feat);
         }
         body_feat = conv_body->forward(ctx, body_feat);
-        feat      = ggml_add(ctx, feat, body_feat);
+        feat      = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, feat, body_feat);
         // upsample
-        feat     = lrelu(ctx, conv_up1->forward(ctx, ggml_upscale(ctx, feat, 2, GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST)));
-        feat     = lrelu(ctx, conv_up2->forward(ctx, ggml_upscale(ctx, feat, 2, GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST)));
+        if (scale >= 2) {
+            auto conv_up1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["conv_up1"]);
+            feat          = lrelu(ctx, conv_up1->forward(ctx, ggml_upscale(ctx->ggml_ctx, feat, 2, GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST)));
+            if (scale == 4) {
+                auto conv_up2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["conv_up2"]);
+                feat          = lrelu(ctx, conv_up2->forward(ctx, ggml_upscale(ctx->ggml_ctx, feat, 2, GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST)));
+            }
+        }
+        // for all scales
         auto out = conv_last->forward(ctx, lrelu(ctx, conv_hr->forward(ctx, feat)));
         return out;
     }
 };
 
 struct ESRGAN : public GGMLRunner {
-    RRDBNet rrdb_net;
+    std::unique_ptr<RRDBNet> rrdb_net;
     int scale     = 4;
     int tile_size = 128;  // avoid cuda OOM for 4gb VRAM
 
     ESRGAN(ggml_backend_t backend,
            bool offload_params_to_cpu,
-           const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {})
+           const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {})
         : GGMLRunner(backend, offload_params_to_cpu) {
-        rrdb_net.init(params_ctx, tensor_types, "");
+        // rrdb_net will be created in load_from_file
     }
 
-    void enable_conv2d_direct() {
-        std::vector<GGMLBlock*> blocks;
-        rrdb_net.get_all_blocks(blocks);
-        for (auto block : blocks) {
-            if (block->get_desc() == "Conv2d") {
-                auto conv_block = (Conv2d*)block;
-                conv_block->enable_direct();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    std::string get_desc() {
+    std::string get_desc() override {
         return "esrgan";
     }
 
-    bool load_from_file(const std::string& file_path) {
+    bool load_from_file(const std::string& file_path, int n_threads) {
         LOG_INFO("loading esrgan from '%s'", file_path.c_str());
 
-        alloc_params_buffer();
-        std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor*> esrgan_tensors;
-        rrdb_net.get_param_tensors(esrgan_tensors);
-
         ModelLoader model_loader;
-        if (!model_loader.init_from_file(file_path)) {
+        if (!model_loader.init_from_file_and_convert_name(file_path)) {
             LOG_ERROR("init esrgan model loader from file failed: '%s'", file_path.c_str());
             return false;
         }
 
-        bool success = model_loader.load_tensors(esrgan_tensors);
+        // Get tensor names
+        auto tensor_names = model_loader.get_tensor_names();
+
+        // Detect if it's ESRGAN format
+        bool is_ESRGAN = std::find(tensor_names.begin(), tensor_names.end(), "model.0.weight") != tensor_names.end();
+
+        // Detect parameters from tensor names
+        int detected_num_block = 0;
+        if (is_ESRGAN) {
+            for (const auto& name : tensor_names) {
+                if (name.find("model.1.sub.") == 0) {
+                    size_t first_dot = name.find('.', 12);
+                    if (first_dot != std::string::npos) {
+                        size_t second_dot = name.find('.', first_dot + 1);
+                        if (second_dot != std::string::npos && name.substr(first_dot + 1, 3) == "RDB") {
+                            try {
+                                int idx            = std::stoi(name.substr(12, first_dot - 12));
+                                detected_num_block = std::max(detected_num_block, idx + 1);
+                            } catch (...) {
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Original format
+            for (const auto& name : tensor_names) {
+                if (name.find("body.") == 0) {
+                    size_t pos = name.find('.', 5);
+                    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+                        try {
+                            int idx            = std::stoi(name.substr(5, pos - 5));
+                            detected_num_block = std::max(detected_num_block, idx + 1);
+                        } catch (...) {
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        int detected_scale = 4;  // default
+        if (is_ESRGAN) {
+            // For ESRGAN format, detect scale by highest model number
+            int max_model_num = 0;
+            for (const auto& name : tensor_names) {
+                if (name.find("model.") == 0) {
+                    size_t dot_pos = name.find('.', 6);
+                    if (dot_pos != std::string::npos) {
+                        try {
+                            int num       = std::stoi(name.substr(6, dot_pos - 6));
+                            max_model_num = std::max(max_model_num, num);
+                        } catch (...) {
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (max_model_num <= 4) {
+                detected_scale = 1;
+            } else if (max_model_num <= 7) {
+                detected_scale = 2;
+            } else {
+                detected_scale = 4;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Original format
+            bool has_conv_up2 = std::any_of(tensor_names.begin(), tensor_names.end(), [](const std::string& name) {
+                return name == "conv_up2.weight";
+            });
+            bool has_conv_up1 = std::any_of(tensor_names.begin(), tensor_names.end(), [](const std::string& name) {
+                return name == "conv_up1.weight";
+            });
+            if (has_conv_up2) {
+                detected_scale = 4;
+            } else if (has_conv_up1) {
+                detected_scale = 2;
+            } else {
+                detected_scale = 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int detected_num_in_ch   = 3;
+        int detected_num_out_ch  = 3;
+        int detected_num_feat    = 64;
+        int detected_num_grow_ch = 32;
+
+        // Create RRDBNet with detected parameters
+        rrdb_net = std::make_unique<RRDBNet>(detected_scale, detected_num_block, detected_num_in_ch, detected_num_out_ch, detected_num_feat, detected_num_grow_ch);
+        rrdb_net->init(params_ctx, {}, "");
+
+        alloc_params_buffer();
+        std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor*> esrgan_tensors;
+        rrdb_net->get_param_tensors(esrgan_tensors);
+
+        bool success;
+        if (is_ESRGAN) {
+            // Build name mapping for ESRGAN format
+            std::map<std::string, std::string> expected_to_model;
+            expected_to_model["conv_first.weight"] = "model.0.weight";
+            expected_to_model["conv_first.bias"]   = "model.0.bias";
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < detected_num_block; i++) {
+                for (int j = 1; j <= 3; j++) {
+                    for (int k = 1; k <= 5; k++) {
+                        std::string expected_weight        = "body." + std::to_string(i) + ".rdb" + std::to_string(j) + ".conv" + std::to_string(k) + ".weight";
+                        std::string model_weight           = "model.1.sub." + std::to_string(i) + ".RDB" + std::to_string(j) + ".conv" + std::to_string(k) + ".0.weight";
+                        expected_to_model[expected_weight] = model_weight;
+
+                        std::string expected_bias        = "body." + std::to_string(i) + ".rdb" + std::to_string(j) + ".conv" + std::to_string(k) + ".bias";
+                        std::string model_bias           = "model.1.sub." + std::to_string(i) + ".RDB" + std::to_string(j) + ".conv" + std::to_string(k) + ".0.bias";
+                        expected_to_model[expected_bias] = model_bias;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (detected_scale == 1) {
+                expected_to_model["conv_body.weight"] = "model.1.sub." + std::to_string(detected_num_block) + ".weight";
+                expected_to_model["conv_body.bias"]   = "model.1.sub." + std::to_string(detected_num_block) + ".bias";
+                expected_to_model["conv_hr.weight"]   = "model.2.weight";
+                expected_to_model["conv_hr.bias"]     = "model.2.bias";
+                expected_to_model["conv_last.weight"] = "model.4.weight";
+                expected_to_model["conv_last.bias"]   = "model.4.bias";
+            } else {
+                expected_to_model["conv_body.weight"] = "model.1.sub." + std::to_string(detected_num_block) + ".weight";
+                expected_to_model["conv_body.bias"]   = "model.1.sub." + std::to_string(detected_num_block) + ".bias";
+                if (detected_scale >= 2) {
+                    expected_to_model["conv_up1.weight"] = "model.3.weight";
+                    expected_to_model["conv_up1.bias"]   = "model.3.bias";
+                }
+                if (detected_scale == 4) {
+                    expected_to_model["conv_up2.weight"]  = "model.6.weight";
+                    expected_to_model["conv_up2.bias"]    = "model.6.bias";
+                    expected_to_model["conv_hr.weight"]   = "model.8.weight";
+                    expected_to_model["conv_hr.bias"]     = "model.8.bias";
+                    expected_to_model["conv_last.weight"] = "model.10.weight";
+                    expected_to_model["conv_last.bias"]   = "model.10.bias";
+                } else if (detected_scale == 2) {
+                    expected_to_model["conv_hr.weight"]   = "model.5.weight";
+                    expected_to_model["conv_hr.bias"]     = "model.5.bias";
+                    expected_to_model["conv_last.weight"] = "model.7.weight";
+                    expected_to_model["conv_last.bias"]   = "model.7.bias";
+                }
+            }
+
+            std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor*> model_tensors;
+            for (auto& p : esrgan_tensors) {
+                auto it = expected_to_model.find(p.first);
+                if (it != expected_to_model.end()) {
+                    model_tensors[it->second] = p.second;
+                }
+            }
+
+            success = model_loader.load_tensors(model_tensors, {}, n_threads);
+        } else {
+            success = model_loader.load_tensors(esrgan_tensors, {}, n_threads);
+        }
 
         if (!success) {
             LOG_ERROR("load esrgan tensors from model loader failed");
             return false;
         }
 
-        LOG_INFO("esrgan model loaded");
+        scale = rrdb_net->get_scale();
+        LOG_INFO("esrgan model loaded with scale=%d, num_block=%d", scale, detected_num_block);
         return success;
     }
 
     struct ggml_cgraph* build_graph(struct ggml_tensor* x) {
-        struct ggml_cgraph* gf  = ggml_new_graph(compute_ctx);
-        x                       = to_backend(x);
-        struct ggml_tensor* out = rrdb_net.forward(compute_ctx, x);
+        if (!rrdb_net)
+            return nullptr;
+        constexpr int kGraphNodes = 1 << 16;  // 65k
+        struct ggml_cgraph* gf    = ggml_new_graph_custom(compute_ctx, kGraphNodes, /*grads*/ false);
+        x                         = to_backend(x);
+
+        auto runner_ctx         = get_context();
+        struct ggml_tensor* out = rrdb_net->forward(&runner_ctx, x);
         ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, out);
         return gf;
     }
@@ -199,7 +356,7 @@ struct ESRGAN : public GGMLRunner {
     void compute(const int n_threads,
                  struct ggml_tensor* x,
                  ggml_tensor** output,
-                 ggml_context* output_ctx = NULL) {
+                 ggml_context* output_ctx = nullptr) {
         auto get_graph = [&]() -> struct ggml_cgraph* {
             return build_graph(x);
         };

examples/cli/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+# Run
+
+```
+usage: ./bin/sd  [options]
+
+Options:
+  -m, --model <string>                     path to full model
+  --clip_l <string>                        path to the clip-l text encoder
+  --clip_g <string>                        path to the clip-g text encoder
+  --clip_vision <string>                   path to the clip-vision encoder
+  --t5xxl <string>                         path to the t5xxl text encoder
+  --qwen2vl <string>                       path to the qwen2vl text encoder
+  --qwen2vl_vision <string>                path to the qwen2vl vit
+  --diffusion-model <string>               path to the standalone diffusion model
+  --high-noise-diffusion-model <string>    path to the standalone high noise diffusion model
+  --vae <string>                           path to standalone vae model
+  --taesd <string>                         path to taesd. Using Tiny AutoEncoder for fast decoding (low quality)
+  --control-net <string>                   path to control net model
+  --embd-dir <string>                      embeddings directory
+  --lora-model-dir <string>                lora model directory
+  -i, --init-img <string>                  path to the init image
+  --end-img <string>                       path to the end image, required by flf2v
+  --tensor-type-rules <string>             weight type per tensor pattern (example: "^vae\.=f16,model\.=q8_0")
+  --photo-maker <string>                   path to PHOTOMAKER model
+  --pm-id-images-dir <string>              path to PHOTOMAKER input id images dir
+  --pm-id-embed-path <string>              path to PHOTOMAKER v2 id embed
+  --mask <string>                          path to the mask image
+  --control-image <string>                 path to control image, control net
+  --control-video <string>                 path to control video frames, It must be a directory path. The video frames inside should be stored as images in
+                                           lexicographical (character) order. For example, if the control video path is
+                                           `frames`, the directory contain images such as 00.png, 01.png, ... etc.
+  -o, --output <string>                    path to write result image to (default: ./output.png)
+  -p, --prompt <string>                    the prompt to render
+  -n, --negative-prompt <string>           the negative prompt (default: "")
+  --preview-path <string>                  path to write preview image to (default: ./preview.png)
+  --upscale-model <string>                 path to esrgan model.
+  -t, --threads <int>                      number of threads to use during computation (default: -1). If threads <= 0, then threads will be set to the number of
+                                           CPU physical cores
+  --upscale-repeats <int>                  Run the ESRGAN upscaler this many times (default: 1)
+  -H, --height <int>                       image height, in pixel space (default: 512)
+  -W, --width <int>                        image width, in pixel space (default: 512)
+  --steps <int>                            number of sample steps (default: 20)
+  --high-noise-steps <int>                 (high noise) number of sample steps (default: -1 = auto)
+  --clip-skip <int>                        ignore last layers of CLIP network; 1 ignores none, 2 ignores one layer (default: -1). <= 0 represents unspecified,
+                                           will be 1 for SD1.x, 2 for SD2.x
+  -b, --batch-count <int>                  batch count
+  --chroma-t5-mask-pad <int>               t5 mask pad size of chroma
+  --video-frames <int>                     video frames (default: 1)
+  --fps <int>                              fps (default: 24)
+  --timestep-shift <int>                   shift timestep for NitroFusion models (default: 0). recommended N for NitroSD-Realism around 250 and 500 for
+                                           NitroSD-Vibrant
+  --preview-interval <int>                 interval in denoising steps between consecutive updates of the image preview file (default is 1, meaning updating at
+                                           every step)
+  --cfg-scale <float>                      unconditional guidance scale: (default: 7.0)
+  --img-cfg-scale <float>                  image guidance scale for inpaint or instruct-pix2pix models: (default: same as --cfg-scale)
+  --guidance <float>                       distilled guidance scale for models with guidance input (default: 3.5)
+  --slg-scale <float>                      skip layer guidance (SLG) scale, only for DiT models: (default: 0). 0 means disabled, a value of 2.5 is nice for sd3.5
+                                           medium
+  --skip-layer-start <float>               SLG enabling point (default: 0.01)
+  --skip-layer-end <float>                 SLG disabling point (default: 0.2)
+  --eta <float>                            eta in DDIM, only for DDIM and TCD (default: 0)
+  --high-noise-cfg-scale <float>           (high noise) unconditional guidance scale: (default: 7.0)
+  --high-noise-img-cfg-scale <float>       (high noise) image guidance scale for inpaint or instruct-pix2pix models (default: same as --cfg-scale)
+  --high-noise-guidance <float>            (high noise) distilled guidance scale for models with guidance input (default: 3.5)
+  --high-noise-slg-scale <float>           (high noise) skip layer guidance (SLG) scale, only for DiT models: (default: 0)
+  --high-noise-skip-layer-start <float>    (high noise) SLG enabling point (default: 0.01)
+  --high-noise-skip-layer-end <float>      (high noise) SLG disabling point (default: 0.2)
+  --high-noise-eta <float>                 (high noise) eta in DDIM, only for DDIM and TCD (default: 0)
+  --strength <float>                       strength for noising/unnoising (default: 0.75)
+  --pm-style-strength <float>
+  --control-strength <float>               strength to apply Control Net (default: 0.9). 1.0 corresponds to full destruction of information in init image
+  --moe-boundary <float>                   timestep boundary for Wan2.2 MoE model. (default: 0.875). Only enabled if `--high-noise-steps` is set to -1
+  --flow-shift <float>                     shift value for Flow models like SD3.x or WAN (default: auto)
+  --vace-strength <float>                  wan vace strength
+  --vae-tile-overlap <float>               tile overlap for vae tiling, in fraction of tile size (default: 0.5)
+  --vae-tiling                             process vae in tiles to reduce memory usage
+  --force-sdxl-vae-conv-scale              force use of conv scale on sdxl vae
+  --offload-to-cpu                         place the weights in RAM to save VRAM, and automatically load them into VRAM when needed
+  --control-net-cpu                        keep controlnet in cpu (for low vram)
+  --clip-on-cpu                            keep clip in cpu (for low vram)
+  --vae-on-cpu                             keep vae in cpu (for low vram)
+  --diffusion-fa                           use flash attention in the diffusion model
+  --diffusion-conv-direct                  use ggml_conv2d_direct in the diffusion model
+  --vae-conv-direct                        use ggml_conv2d_direct in the vae model
+  --canny                                  apply canny preprocessor (edge detection)
+  -v, --verbose                            print extra info
+  --color                                  colors the logging tags according to level
+  --chroma-disable-dit-mask                disable dit mask for chroma
+  --chroma-enable-t5-mask                  enable t5 mask for chroma
+  --increase-ref-index                     automatically increase the indices of references images based on the order they are listed (starting with 1).
+  --disable-auto-resize-ref-image          disable auto resize of ref images
+  --taesd-preview-only                     prevents usage of taesd for decoding the final image. (for use with --preview tae)
+  --preview-noisy                          enables previewing noisy inputs of the models rather than the denoised outputs
+  -M, --mode                               run mode, one of [img_gen, vid_gen, upscale, convert], default: img_gen
+  --type                                   weight type (examples: f32, f16, q4_0, q4_1, q5_0, q5_1, q8_0, q2_K, q3_K, q4_K). If not specified, the default is the
+                                           type of the weight file
+  --rng                                    RNG, one of [std_default, cuda], default: cuda
+  -s, --seed                               RNG seed (default: 42, use random seed for < 0)
+  --sampling-method                        sampling method, one of [euler, euler_a, heun, dpm2, dpm++2s_a, dpm++2m, dpm++2mv2, ipndm, ipndm_v, lcm, ddim_trailing,
+                                           tcd] (default: euler for Flux/SD3/Wan, euler_a otherwise)
+  --prediction                             prediction type override, one of [eps, v, edm_v, sd3_flow, flux_flow]
+  --scheduler                              denoiser sigma scheduler, one of [discrete, karras, exponential, ays, gits, smoothstep, sgm_uniform, simple], default:
+                                           discrete
+  --skip-layers                            layers to skip for SLG steps (default: [7,8,9])
+  --high-noise-sampling-method             (high noise) sampling method, one of [euler, euler_a, heun, dpm2, dpm++2s_a, dpm++2m, dpm++2mv2, ipndm, ipndm_v, lcm,
+                                           ddim_trailing, tcd] default: euler for Flux/SD3/Wan, euler_a otherwise
+  --high-noise-scheduler                   (high noise) denoiser sigma scheduler, one of [discrete, karras, exponential, ays, gits, smoothstep, sgm_uniform,
+                                           simple], default: discrete
+  --high-noise-skip-layers                 (high noise) layers to skip for SLG steps (default: [7,8,9])
+  -r, --ref-image                          reference image for Flux Kontext models (can be used multiple times)
+  -h, --help                               show this help message and exit
+  --vae-tile-size                          tile size for vae tiling, format [X]x[Y] (default: 32x32)
+  --vae-relative-tile-size                 relative tile size for vae tiling, format [X]x[Y], in fraction of image size if < 1, in number of tiles per dim if >=1
+                                           (overrides --vae-tile-size)
+  --preview                                preview method. must be one of the following [none, proj, tae, vae] (default is none)
+```

examples/cli/avi_writer.h

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #ifndef __AVI_WRITER_H__
 #define __AVI_WRITER_H__
 
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
 
 #include "stable-diffusion.h"
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ int create_mjpg_avi_from_sd_images(const char* filename, sd_image_t* images, int
     write_u32_le(f, 0);                   // Colors important
 
     // 'movi' LIST (video frames)
-    long movi_list_pos = ftell(f);
+    // long movi_list_pos = ftell(f);
     fwrite("LIST", 4, 1, f);
     long movi_size_pos = ftell(f);
     write_u32_le(f, 0);  // Placeholder for movi size
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ int create_mjpg_avi_from_sd_images(const char* filename, sd_image_t* images, int
     } jpeg_data;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < num_images; i++) {
-        jpeg_data.buf  = NULL;
+        jpeg_data.buf  = nullptr;
         jpeg_data.size = 0;
 
         // Callback function to collect JPEG data into memory

format-code.sh

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 for f in *.cpp *.h *.hpp examples/cli/*.cpp examples/cli/*.h; do
   [[ "$f" == vocab* ]] && continue
   echo "formatting '$f'"
+  # if [ "$f" != "stable-diffusion.h" ]; then
+  #   clang-tidy -fix -p build_linux/ "$f"
+  # fi
   clang-format -style=file -i "$f"
 done

latent-preview.h

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "ggml.h"
+
+const float wan_21_latent_rgb_proj[16][3] = {
+    {0.015123f, -0.148418f, 0.479828f},
+    {0.003652f, -0.010680f, -0.037142f},
+    {0.212264f, 0.063033f, 0.016779f},
+    {0.232999f, 0.406476f, 0.220125f},
+    {-0.051864f, -0.082384f, -0.069396f},
+    {0.085005f, -0.161492f, 0.010689f},
+    {-0.245369f, -0.506846f, -0.117010f},
+    {-0.151145f, 0.017721f, 0.007207f},
+    {-0.293239f, -0.207936f, -0.421135f},
+    {-0.187721f, 0.050783f, 0.177649f},
+    {-0.013067f, 0.265964f, 0.166578f},
+    {0.028327f, 0.109329f, 0.108642f},
+    {-0.205343f, 0.043991f, 0.148914f},
+    {0.014307f, -0.048647f, -0.007219f},
+    {0.217150f, 0.053074f, 0.319923f},
+    {0.155357f, 0.083156f, 0.064780f}};
+float wan_21_latent_rgb_bias[3] = {-0.270270f, -0.234976f, -0.456853f};
+
+const float wan_22_latent_rgb_proj[48][3] = {
+    {0.017126f, -0.027230f, -0.019257f},
+    {-0.113739f, -0.028715f, -0.022885f},
+    {-0.000106f, 0.021494f, 0.004629f},
+    {-0.013273f, -0.107137f, -0.033638f},
+    {-0.000381f, 0.000279f, 0.025877f},
+    {-0.014216f, -0.003975f, 0.040528f},
+    {0.001638f, -0.000748f, 0.011022f},
+    {0.029238f, -0.006697f, 0.035933f},
+    {0.021641f, -0.015874f, 0.040531f},
+    {-0.101984f, -0.070160f, -0.028855f},
+    {0.033207f, -0.021068f, 0.002663f},
+    {-0.104711f, 0.121673f, 0.102981f},
+    {0.082647f, -0.004991f, 0.057237f},
+    {-0.027375f, 0.031581f, 0.006868f},
+    {-0.045434f, 0.029444f, 0.019287f},
+    {-0.046572f, -0.012537f, 0.006675f},
+    {0.074709f, 0.033690f, 0.025289f},
+    {-0.008251f, -0.002745f, -0.006999f},
+    {0.012685f, -0.061856f, -0.048658f},
+    {0.042304f, -0.007039f, 0.000295f},
+    {-0.007644f, -0.060843f, -0.033142f},
+    {0.159909f, 0.045628f, 0.367541f},
+    {0.095171f, 0.086438f, 0.010271f},
+    {0.006812f, 0.019643f, 0.029637f},
+    {0.003467f, -0.010705f, 0.014252f},
+    {-0.099681f, -0.066272f, -0.006243f},
+    {0.047357f, 0.037040f, 0.000185f},
+    {-0.041797f, -0.089225f, -0.032257f},
+    {0.008928f, 0.017028f, 0.018684f},
+    {-0.042255f, 0.016045f, 0.006849f},
+    {0.011268f, 0.036462f, 0.037387f},
+    {0.011553f, -0.016375f, -0.048589f},
+    {0.046266f, -0.027189f, 0.056979f},
+    {0.009640f, -0.017576f, 0.030324f},
+    {-0.045794f, -0.036083f, -0.010616f},
+    {0.022418f, 0.039783f, -0.032939f},
+    {-0.052714f, -0.015525f, 0.007438f},
+    {0.193004f, 0.223541f, 0.264175f},
+    {-0.059406f, -0.008188f, 0.022867f},
+    {-0.156742f, -0.263791f, -0.007385f},
+    {-0.015717f, 0.016570f, 0.033969f},
+    {0.037969f, 0.109835f, 0.200449f},
+    {-0.000782f, -0.009566f, -0.008058f},
+    {0.010709f, 0.052960f, -0.044195f},
+    {0.017271f, 0.045839f, 0.034569f},
+    {0.009424f, 0.013088f, -0.001714f},
+    {-0.024805f, -0.059378f, -0.033756f},
+    {-0.078293f, 0.029070f, 0.026129f}};
+float wan_22_latent_rgb_bias[3] = {0.013160f, -0.096492f, -0.071323f};
+
+const float flux_latent_rgb_proj[16][3] = {
+    {-0.041168f, 0.019917f, 0.097253f},
+    {0.028096f, 0.026730f, 0.129576f},
+    {0.065618f, -0.067950f, -0.014651f},
+    {-0.012998f, -0.014762f, 0.081251f},
+    {0.078567f, 0.059296f, -0.024687f},
+    {-0.015987f, -0.003697f, 0.005012f},
+    {0.033605f, 0.138999f, 0.068517f},
+    {-0.024450f, -0.063567f, -0.030101f},
+    {-0.040194f, -0.016710f, 0.127185f},
+    {0.112681f, 0.088764f, -0.041940f},
+    {-0.023498f, 0.093664f, 0.025543f},
+    {0.082899f, 0.048320f, 0.007491f},
+    {0.075712f, 0.074139f, 0.081965f},
+    {-0.143501f, 0.018263f, -0.136138f},
+    {-0.025767f, -0.082035f, -0.040023f},
+    {-0.111849f, -0.055589f, -0.032361f}};
+float flux_latent_rgb_bias[3] = {0.024600f, -0.006937f, -0.008089f};
+
+// This one was taken straight from
+// https://github.com/Stability-AI/sd3.5/blob/8565799a3b41eb0c7ba976d18375f0f753f56402/sd3_impls.py#L288-L303
+// (MiT Licence)
+const float sd3_latent_rgb_proj[16][3] = {
+    {-0.0645f, 0.0177f, 0.1052f},
+    {0.0028f, 0.0312f, 0.0650f},
+    {0.1848f, 0.0762f, 0.0360f},
+    {0.0944f, 0.0360f, 0.0889f},
+    {0.0897f, 0.0506f, -0.0364f},
+    {-0.0020f, 0.1203f, 0.0284f},
+    {0.0855f, 0.0118f, 0.0283f},
+    {-0.0539f, 0.0658f, 0.1047f},
+    {-0.0057f, 0.0116f, 0.0700f},
+    {-0.0412f, 0.0281f, -0.0039f},
+    {0.1106f, 0.1171f, 0.1220f},
+    {-0.0248f, 0.0682f, -0.0481f},
+    {0.0815f, 0.0846f, 0.1207f},
+    {-0.0120f, -0.0055f, -0.0867f},
+    {-0.0749f, -0.0634f, -0.0456f},
+    {-0.1418f, -0.1457f, -0.1259f},
+};
+float sd3_latent_rgb_bias[3] = {0, 0, 0};
+
+const float sdxl_latent_rgb_proj[4][3] = {
+    {0.258303f, 0.277640f, 0.329699f},
+    {-0.299701f, 0.105446f, 0.014194f},
+    {0.050522f, 0.186163f, -0.143257f},
+    {-0.211938f, -0.149892f, -0.080036f}};
+float sdxl_latent_rgb_bias[3] = {0.144381f, -0.033313f, 0.007061f};
+
+const float sd_latent_rgb_proj[4][3] = {
+    {0.337366f, 0.216344f, 0.257386f},
+    {0.165636f, 0.386828f, 0.046994f},
+    {-0.267803f, 0.237036f, 0.223517f},
+    {-0.178022f, -0.200862f, -0.678514f}};
+float sd_latent_rgb_bias[3] = {-0.017478f, -0.055834f, -0.105825f};
+
+void preview_latent_video(uint8_t* buffer, struct ggml_tensor* latents, const float (*latent_rgb_proj)[3], const float latent_rgb_bias[3], int width, int height, int frames, int dim) {
+    size_t buffer_head = 0;
+    for (int k = 0; k < frames; k++) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < height; j++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
+                size_t latent_id = (i * latents->nb[0] + j * latents->nb[1] + k * latents->nb[2]);
+                float r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
+                if (latent_rgb_proj != nullptr) {
+                    for (int d = 0; d < dim; d++) {
+                        float value = *(float*)((char*)latents->data + latent_id + d * latents->nb[ggml_n_dims(latents) - 1]);
+                        r += value * latent_rgb_proj[d][0];
+                        g += value * latent_rgb_proj[d][1];
+                        b += value * latent_rgb_proj[d][2];
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // interpret first 3 channels as RGB
+                    r = *(float*)((char*)latents->data + latent_id + 0 * latents->nb[ggml_n_dims(latents) - 1]);
+                    g = *(float*)((char*)latents->data + latent_id + 1 * latents->nb[ggml_n_dims(latents) - 1]);
+                    b = *(float*)((char*)latents->data + latent_id + 2 * latents->nb[ggml_n_dims(latents) - 1]);
+                }
+                if (latent_rgb_bias != nullptr) {
+                    // bias
+                    r += latent_rgb_bias[0];
+                    g += latent_rgb_bias[1];
+                    b += latent_rgb_bias[2];
+                }
+                // change range
+                r = r * .5f + .5f;
+                g = g * .5f + .5f;
+                b = b * .5f + .5f;
+
+                // clamp rgb values to [0,1] range
+                r = r >= 0 ? r <= 1 ? r : 1 : 0;
+                g = g >= 0 ? g <= 1 ? g : 1 : 0;
+                b = b >= 0 ? b <= 1 ? b : 1 : 0;
+
+                buffer[buffer_head++] = (uint8_t)(r * 255);
+                buffer[buffer_head++] = (uint8_t)(g * 255);
+                buffer[buffer_head++] = (uint8_t)(b * 255);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

ltxv.hpp

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ namespace LTXV {
     public:
         CausalConv3d(int64_t in_channels,
                      int64_t out_channels,
-                     int kernel_size        = 3,
-                     std::tuple<int> stride = {1, 1, 1},
-                     int dilation           = 1,
-                     bool bias              = true) {
+                     int kernel_size                  = 3,
+                     std::tuple<int, int, int> stride = {1, 1, 1},
+                     int dilation                     = 1,
+                     bool bias                        = true) {
             time_kernel_size = kernel_size / 2;
             blocks["conv"]   = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv3d(in_channels,
                                                                      out_channels,
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace LTXV {
                                                                      bias));
         }
 
-        struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                     struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                     bool causal = true) {
             // x: [N*IC, ID, IH, IW]

mmdit.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef __MMDIT_HPP__
 #define __MMDIT_HPP__
 
+#include <memory>
+
 #include "ggml_extend.hpp"
 #include "model.h"
 
@@ -25,13 +27,13 @@ public:
         blocks["fc2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(hidden_features, out_features, bias));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         // x: [N, n_token, in_features]
         auto fc1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["fc1"]);
         auto fc2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["fc2"]);
 
         x = fc1->forward(ctx, x);
-        x = ggml_gelu_inplace(ctx, x);
+        x = ggml_gelu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, x);
         x = fc2->forward(ctx, x);
         return x;
     }
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ public:
                                                                bias));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         // x: [N, C, H, W]
         // return: [N, H*W, embed_dim]
         auto proj = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["proj"]);
@@ -80,13 +82,13 @@ public:
             int64_t H = x->ne[1];
             int pad_h = (patch_size - H % patch_size) % patch_size;
             int pad_w = (patch_size - W % patch_size) % patch_size;
-            x         = ggml_pad(ctx, x, pad_w, pad_h, 0, 0);  // TODO: reflect pad mode
+            x         = ggml_pad(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, pad_w, pad_h, 0, 0);  // TODO: reflect pad mode
         }
         x = proj->forward(ctx, x);
 
         if (flatten) {
-            x = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, x, x->ne[0] * x->ne[1], x->ne[2], x->ne[3]);
-            x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 1, 0, 2, 3));
+            x = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, x->ne[0] * x->ne[1], x->ne[2], x->ne[3]);
+            x = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 1, 0, 2, 3));
         }
         return x;
     }
@@ -105,16 +107,16 @@ public:
         blocks["mlp.2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(hidden_size, hidden_size, true, true));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* t) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* t) {
         // t: [N, ]
         // return: [N, hidden_size]
         auto mlp_0 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["mlp.0"]);
         auto mlp_2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["mlp.2"]);
 
-        auto t_freq = ggml_nn_timestep_embedding(ctx, t, frequency_embedding_size);  // [N, frequency_embedding_size]
+        auto t_freq = ggml_ext_timestep_embedding(ctx->ggml_ctx, t, frequency_embedding_size);  // [N, frequency_embedding_size]
 
         auto t_emb = mlp_0->forward(ctx, t_freq);
-        t_emb      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx, t_emb);
+        t_emb      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, t_emb);
         t_emb      = mlp_2->forward(ctx, t_emb);
         return t_emb;
     }
@@ -129,14 +131,14 @@ public:
         blocks["mlp.2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(hidden_size, hidden_size, true, true));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         // x: [N, input_dim]
         // return: [N, hidden_size]
         auto mlp_0 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["mlp.0"]);
         auto mlp_2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["mlp.2"]);
 
         x = mlp_0->forward(ctx, x);
-        x = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx, x);
+        x = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, x);
         x = mlp_2->forward(ctx, x);
         return x;
     }
@@ -147,16 +149,14 @@ public:
     int64_t num_heads;
     bool pre_only;
     std::string qk_norm;
-    bool flash_attn;
 
 public:
     SelfAttention(int64_t dim,
                   int64_t num_heads   = 8,
                   std::string qk_norm = "",
                   bool qkv_bias       = false,
-                  bool pre_only       = false,
-                  bool flash_attn     = false)
-        : num_heads(num_heads), pre_only(pre_only), qk_norm(qk_norm), flash_attn(flash_attn) {
+                  bool pre_only       = false)
+        : num_heads(num_heads), pre_only(pre_only), qk_norm(qk_norm) {
         int64_t d_head = dim / num_heads;
         blocks["qkv"]  = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(dim, dim * 3, qkv_bias));
         if (!pre_only) {
@@ -171,15 +171,15 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*> pre_attention(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*> pre_attention(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         auto qkv_proj = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["qkv"]);
 
         auto qkv         = qkv_proj->forward(ctx, x);
-        auto qkv_vec     = split_qkv(ctx, qkv);
+        auto qkv_vec     = split_qkv(ctx->ggml_ctx, qkv);
         int64_t head_dim = qkv_vec[0]->ne[0] / num_heads;
-        auto q           = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, qkv_vec[0], head_dim, num_heads, qkv_vec[0]->ne[1], qkv_vec[0]->ne[2]);  // [N, n_token, n_head, d_head]
-        auto k           = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, qkv_vec[1], head_dim, num_heads, qkv_vec[1]->ne[1], qkv_vec[1]->ne[2]);  // [N, n_token, n_head, d_head]
-        auto v           = qkv_vec[2];                                                                                   // [N, n_token, n_head*d_head]
+        auto q           = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, qkv_vec[0], head_dim, num_heads, qkv_vec[0]->ne[1], qkv_vec[0]->ne[2]);  // [N, n_token, n_head, d_head]
+        auto k           = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, qkv_vec[1], head_dim, num_heads, qkv_vec[1]->ne[1], qkv_vec[1]->ne[2]);  // [N, n_token, n_head, d_head]
+        auto v           = qkv_vec[2];                                                                                             // [N, n_token, n_head*d_head]
 
         if (qk_norm == "rms" || qk_norm == "ln") {
             auto ln_q = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UnaryBlock>(blocks["ln_q"]);
@@ -188,13 +188,13 @@ public:
             k         = ln_k->forward(ctx, k);
         }
 
-        q = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, q, q->ne[0] * q->ne[1], q->ne[2], q->ne[3]);  // [N, n_token, n_head*d_head]
-        k = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, k, k->ne[0] * k->ne[1], k->ne[2], k->ne[3]);  // [N, n_token, n_head*d_head]
+        q = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, q, q->ne[0] * q->ne[1], q->ne[2], q->ne[3]);  // [N, n_token, n_head*d_head]
+        k = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, k, k->ne[0] * k->ne[1], k->ne[2], k->ne[3]);  // [N, n_token, n_head*d_head]
 
         return {q, k, v};
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* post_attention(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* post_attention(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         GGML_ASSERT(!pre_only);
 
         auto proj = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["proj"]);
@@ -204,12 +204,11 @@ public:
     }
 
     // x: [N, n_token, dim]
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         auto qkv = pre_attention(ctx, x);
-        x        = ggml_nn_attention_ext(ctx, backend, qkv[0], qkv[1], qkv[2], num_heads, NULL, false, false, true);  // [N, n_token, dim]
-        x        = post_attention(ctx, x);                                                                            // [N, n_token, dim]
+        x        = ggml_ext_attention_ext(ctx->ggml_ctx, ctx->backend, qkv[0], qkv[1], qkv[2], num_heads, nullptr, false, false, ctx->flash_attn_enabled);  // [N, n_token, dim]
+        x        = post_attention(ctx, x);                                                                                                                  // [N, n_token, dim]
         return x;
     }
 };
@@ -234,7 +233,6 @@ public:
     int64_t num_heads;
     bool pre_only;
     bool self_attn;
-    bool flash_attn;
 
 public:
     DismantledBlock(int64_t hidden_size,
@@ -243,17 +241,16 @@ public:
                     std::string qk_norm = "",
                     bool qkv_bias       = false,
                     bool pre_only       = false,
-                    bool self_attn      = false,
-                    bool flash_attn     = false)
+                    bool self_attn      = false)
         : num_heads(num_heads), pre_only(pre_only), self_attn(self_attn) {
         // rmsnorm is always Flase
         // scale_mod_only is always Flase
         // swiglu is always Flase
         blocks["norm1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(hidden_size, 1e-06f, false));
-        blocks["attn"]  = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new SelfAttention(hidden_size, num_heads, qk_norm, qkv_bias, pre_only, flash_attn));
+        blocks["attn"]  = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new SelfAttention(hidden_size, num_heads, qk_norm, qkv_bias, pre_only));
 
         if (self_attn) {
-            blocks["attn2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new SelfAttention(hidden_size, num_heads, qk_norm, qkv_bias, false, flash_attn));
+            blocks["attn2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new SelfAttention(hidden_size, num_heads, qk_norm, qkv_bias, false));
         }
 
         if (!pre_only) {
@@ -272,9 +269,9 @@ public:
         blocks["adaLN_modulation.1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(hidden_size, n_mods * hidden_size));
     }
 
-    std::tuple<std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*>, std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*>, std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*>> pre_attention_x(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                                                                                                                     struct ggml_tensor* x,
-                                                                                                                                     struct ggml_tensor* c) {
+    std::tuple<std::vector<ggml_tensor*>, std::vector<ggml_tensor*>, std::vector<ggml_tensor*>> pre_attention_x(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                                                                                                                struct ggml_tensor* x,
+                                                                                                                struct ggml_tensor* c) {
         GGML_ASSERT(self_attn);
         // x: [N, n_token, hidden_size]
         // c: [N, hidden_size]
@@ -284,35 +281,35 @@ public:
         auto adaLN_modulation_1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["adaLN_modulation.1"]);
 
         int64_t n_mods = 9;
-        auto m         = adaLN_modulation_1->forward(ctx, ggml_silu(ctx, c));  // [N, n_mods * hidden_size]
-        m              = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, m, c->ne[0], n_mods, c->ne[1]);  // [N, n_mods, hidden_size]
-        m              = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, m, 0, 2, 1, 3));     // [n_mods, N, hidden_size]
+        auto m         = adaLN_modulation_1->forward(ctx, ggml_silu(ctx->ggml_ctx, c));         // [N, n_mods * hidden_size]
+        m              = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, c->ne[0], n_mods, c->ne[1]);         // [N, n_mods, hidden_size]
+        m              = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [n_mods, N, hidden_size]
 
         int64_t offset = m->nb[1] * m->ne[1];
-        auto shift_msa = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 0);  // [N, hidden_size]
-        auto scale_msa = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 1);  // [N, hidden_size]
-        auto gate_msa  = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 2);  // [N, hidden_size]
+        auto shift_msa = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 0);  // [N, hidden_size]
+        auto scale_msa = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 1);  // [N, hidden_size]
+        auto gate_msa  = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 2);  // [N, hidden_size]
 
-        auto shift_mlp = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 3);  // [N, hidden_size]
-        auto scale_mlp = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 4);  // [N, hidden_size]
-        auto gate_mlp  = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 5);  // [N, hidden_size]
+        auto shift_mlp = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 3);  // [N, hidden_size]
+        auto scale_mlp = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 4);  // [N, hidden_size]
+        auto gate_mlp  = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 5);  // [N, hidden_size]
 
-        auto shift_msa2 = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 6);  // [N, hidden_size]
-        auto scale_msa2 = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 7);  // [N, hidden_size]
-        auto gate_msa2  = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 8);  // [N, hidden_size]
+        auto shift_msa2 = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 6);  // [N, hidden_size]
+        auto scale_msa2 = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 7);  // [N, hidden_size]
+        auto gate_msa2  = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 8);  // [N, hidden_size]
 
         auto x_norm = norm1->forward(ctx, x);
 
-        auto attn_in = modulate(ctx, x_norm, shift_msa, scale_msa);
+        auto attn_in = modulate(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_norm, shift_msa, scale_msa);
         auto qkv     = attn->pre_attention(ctx, attn_in);
 
-        auto attn2_in = modulate(ctx, x_norm, shift_msa2, scale_msa2);
+        auto attn2_in = modulate(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_norm, shift_msa2, scale_msa2);
         auto qkv2     = attn2->pre_attention(ctx, attn2_in);
 
         return {qkv, qkv2, {x, gate_msa, shift_mlp, scale_mlp, gate_mlp, gate_msa2}};
     }
 
-    std::pair<std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*>, std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*>> pre_attention(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+    std::pair<std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*>, std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*>> pre_attention(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                                                                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                                                                                 struct ggml_tensor* c) {
         // x: [N, n_token, hidden_size]
@@ -325,33 +322,33 @@ public:
         if (pre_only) {
             n_mods = 2;
         }
-        auto m = adaLN_modulation_1->forward(ctx, ggml_silu(ctx, c));  // [N, n_mods * hidden_size]
-        m      = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, m, c->ne[0], n_mods, c->ne[1]);  // [N, n_mods, hidden_size]
-        m      = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, m, 0, 2, 1, 3));     // [n_mods, N, hidden_size]
+        auto m = adaLN_modulation_1->forward(ctx, ggml_silu(ctx->ggml_ctx, c));         // [N, n_mods * hidden_size]
+        m      = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, c->ne[0], n_mods, c->ne[1]);         // [N, n_mods, hidden_size]
+        m      = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [n_mods, N, hidden_size]
 
         int64_t offset = m->nb[1] * m->ne[1];
-        auto shift_msa = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 0);  // [N, hidden_size]
-        auto scale_msa = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 1);  // [N, hidden_size]
+        auto shift_msa = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 0);  // [N, hidden_size]
+        auto scale_msa = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 1);  // [N, hidden_size]
         if (!pre_only) {
-            auto gate_msa  = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 2);  // [N, hidden_size]
-            auto shift_mlp = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 3);  // [N, hidden_size]
-            auto scale_mlp = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 4);  // [N, hidden_size]
-            auto gate_mlp  = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 5);  // [N, hidden_size]
+            auto gate_msa  = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 2);  // [N, hidden_size]
+            auto shift_mlp = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 3);  // [N, hidden_size]
+            auto scale_mlp = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 4);  // [N, hidden_size]
+            auto gate_mlp  = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 5);  // [N, hidden_size]
 
-            auto attn_in = modulate(ctx, norm1->forward(ctx, x), shift_msa, scale_msa);
+            auto attn_in = modulate(ctx->ggml_ctx, norm1->forward(ctx, x), shift_msa, scale_msa);
 
             auto qkv = attn->pre_attention(ctx, attn_in);
 
             return {qkv, {x, gate_msa, shift_mlp, scale_mlp, gate_mlp}};
         } else {
-            auto attn_in = modulate(ctx, norm1->forward(ctx, x), shift_msa, scale_msa);
+            auto attn_in = modulate(ctx->ggml_ctx, norm1->forward(ctx, x), shift_msa, scale_msa);
             auto qkv     = attn->pre_attention(ctx, attn_in);
 
-            return {qkv, {NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL}};
+            return {qkv, {nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr}};
         }
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* post_attention_x(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor* post_attention_x(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                          struct ggml_tensor* attn_out,
                                          struct ggml_tensor* attn2_out,
                                          struct ggml_tensor* x,
@@ -374,22 +371,22 @@ public:
         auto norm2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["norm2"]);
         auto mlp   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Mlp>(blocks["mlp"]);
 
-        gate_msa  = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, gate_msa, gate_msa->ne[0], 1, gate_msa->ne[1]);     // [N, 1, hidden_size]
-        gate_mlp  = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, gate_mlp, gate_mlp->ne[0], 1, gate_mlp->ne[1]);     // [N, 1, hidden_size]
-        gate_msa2 = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, gate_msa2, gate_msa2->ne[0], 1, gate_msa2->ne[1]);  // [N, 1, hidden_size]
+        gate_msa  = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, gate_msa, gate_msa->ne[0], 1, gate_msa->ne[1]);     // [N, 1, hidden_size]
+        gate_mlp  = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, gate_mlp, gate_mlp->ne[0], 1, gate_mlp->ne[1]);     // [N, 1, hidden_size]
+        gate_msa2 = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, gate_msa2, gate_msa2->ne[0], 1, gate_msa2->ne[1]);  // [N, 1, hidden_size]
 
         attn_out  = attn->post_attention(ctx, attn_out);
         attn2_out = attn2->post_attention(ctx, attn2_out);
 
-        x            = ggml_add(ctx, x, ggml_mul(ctx, attn_out, gate_msa));
-        x            = ggml_add(ctx, x, ggml_mul(ctx, attn2_out, gate_msa2));
-        auto mlp_out = mlp->forward(ctx, modulate(ctx, norm2->forward(ctx, x), shift_mlp, scale_mlp));
-        x            = ggml_add(ctx, x, ggml_mul(ctx, mlp_out, gate_mlp));
+        x            = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, attn_out, gate_msa));
+        x            = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, attn2_out, gate_msa2));
+        auto mlp_out = mlp->forward(ctx, modulate(ctx->ggml_ctx, norm2->forward(ctx, x), shift_mlp, scale_mlp));
+        x            = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, mlp_out, gate_mlp));
 
         return x;
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* post_attention(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor* post_attention(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                        struct ggml_tensor* attn_out,
                                        struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                        struct ggml_tensor* gate_msa,
@@ -409,20 +406,19 @@ public:
         auto norm2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["norm2"]);
         auto mlp   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Mlp>(blocks["mlp"]);
 
-        gate_msa = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, gate_msa, gate_msa->ne[0], 1, gate_msa->ne[1]);  // [N, 1, hidden_size]
-        gate_mlp = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, gate_mlp, gate_mlp->ne[0], 1, gate_mlp->ne[1]);  // [N, 1, hidden_size]
+        gate_msa = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, gate_msa, gate_msa->ne[0], 1, gate_msa->ne[1]);  // [N, 1, hidden_size]
+        gate_mlp = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, gate_mlp, gate_mlp->ne[0], 1, gate_mlp->ne[1]);  // [N, 1, hidden_size]
 
         attn_out = attn->post_attention(ctx, attn_out);
 
-        x            = ggml_add(ctx, x, ggml_mul(ctx, attn_out, gate_msa));
-        auto mlp_out = mlp->forward(ctx, modulate(ctx, norm2->forward(ctx, x), shift_mlp, scale_mlp));
-        x            = ggml_add(ctx, x, ggml_mul(ctx, mlp_out, gate_mlp));
+        x            = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, attn_out, gate_msa));
+        auto mlp_out = mlp->forward(ctx, modulate(ctx->ggml_ctx, norm2->forward(ctx, x), shift_mlp, scale_mlp));
+        x            = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, mlp_out, gate_mlp));
 
         return x;
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* c) {
         // x: [N, n_token, hidden_size]
@@ -439,8 +435,8 @@ public:
             auto qkv2          = std::get<1>(qkv_intermediates);
             auto intermediates = std::get<2>(qkv_intermediates);
 
-            auto attn_out  = ggml_nn_attention_ext(ctx, backend, qkv[0], qkv[1], qkv[2], num_heads, NULL, false, false, flash_attn);     // [N, n_token, dim]
-            auto attn2_out = ggml_nn_attention_ext(ctx, backend, qkv2[0], qkv2[1], qkv2[2], num_heads, NULL, false, false, flash_attn);  // [N, n_token, dim]
+            auto attn_out  = ggml_ext_attention_ext(ctx->ggml_ctx, ctx->backend, qkv[0], qkv[1], qkv[2], num_heads, nullptr, false, false, ctx->flash_attn_enabled);     // [N, n_token, dim]
+            auto attn2_out = ggml_ext_attention_ext(ctx->ggml_ctx, ctx->backend, qkv2[0], qkv2[1], qkv2[2], num_heads, nullptr, false, false, ctx->flash_attn_enabled);  // [N, n_token, dim]
             x              = post_attention_x(ctx,
                                               attn_out,
                                               attn2_out,
@@ -456,7 +452,7 @@ public:
             auto qkv               = qkv_intermediates.first;
             auto intermediates     = qkv_intermediates.second;
 
-            auto attn_out = ggml_nn_attention_ext(ctx, backend, qkv[0], qkv[1], qkv[2], num_heads, NULL, false, false, flash_attn);  // [N, n_token, dim]
+            auto attn_out = ggml_ext_attention_ext(ctx->ggml_ctx, ctx->backend, qkv[0], qkv[1], qkv[2], num_heads, nullptr, false, false, ctx->flash_attn_enabled);  // [N, n_token, dim]
             x             = post_attention(ctx,
                                            attn_out,
                                            intermediates[0],
@@ -470,9 +466,7 @@ public:
 };
 
 __STATIC_INLINE__ std::pair<struct ggml_tensor*, struct ggml_tensor*>
-block_mixing(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-             ggml_backend_t backend,
-             bool flash_attn,
+block_mixing(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
              struct ggml_tensor* context,
              struct ggml_tensor* x,
              struct ggml_tensor* c,
@@ -499,29 +493,29 @@ block_mixing(struct ggml_context* ctx,
     }
     std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*> qkv;
     for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-        qkv.push_back(ggml_concat(ctx, context_qkv[i], x_qkv[i], 1));
+        qkv.push_back(ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, context_qkv[i], x_qkv[i], 1));
     }
 
-    auto attn         = ggml_nn_attention_ext(ctx, backend, qkv[0], qkv[1], qkv[2], x_block->num_heads, NULL, false, false, flash_attn);  // [N, n_context + n_token, hidden_size]
-    attn              = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, attn, 0, 2, 1, 3));                                                              // [n_context + n_token, N, hidden_size]
-    auto context_attn = ggml_view_3d(ctx,
+    auto attn         = ggml_ext_attention_ext(ctx->ggml_ctx, ctx->backend, qkv[0], qkv[1], qkv[2], x_block->num_heads, nullptr, false, false, ctx->flash_attn_enabled);  // [N, n_context + n_token, hidden_size]
+    attn              = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, attn, 0, 2, 1, 3));                                                                          // [n_context + n_token, N, hidden_size]
+    auto context_attn = ggml_view_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
                                      attn,
                                      attn->ne[0],
                                      attn->ne[1],
                                      context->ne[1],
                                      attn->nb[1],
                                      attn->nb[2],
-                                     0);                                              // [n_context, N, hidden_size]
-    context_attn      = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, context_attn, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [N, n_context, hidden_size]
-    auto x_attn       = ggml_view_3d(ctx,
+                                     0);                                                                  // [n_context, N, hidden_size]
+    context_attn      = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, context_attn, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [N, n_context, hidden_size]
+    auto x_attn       = ggml_view_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
                                      attn,
                                      attn->ne[0],
                                      attn->ne[1],
                                      x->ne[1],
                                      attn->nb[1],
                                      attn->nb[2],
-                                     attn->nb[2] * context->ne[1]);             // [n_token, N, hidden_size]
-    x_attn            = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x_attn, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [N, n_token, hidden_size]
+                                     attn->nb[2] * context->ne[1]);                                 // [n_token, N, hidden_size]
+    x_attn            = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_attn, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [N, n_token, hidden_size]
 
     if (!context_block->pre_only) {
         context = context_block->post_attention(ctx,
@@ -532,11 +526,11 @@ block_mixing(struct ggml_context* ctx,
                                                 context_intermediates[3],
                                                 context_intermediates[4]);
     } else {
-        context = NULL;
+        context = nullptr;
     }
 
     if (x_block->self_attn) {
-        auto attn2 = ggml_nn_attention_ext(ctx, backend, x_qkv2[0], x_qkv2[1], x_qkv2[2], x_block->num_heads);  // [N, n_token, hidden_size]
+        auto attn2 = ggml_ext_attention_ext(ctx->ggml_ctx, ctx->backend, x_qkv2[0], x_qkv2[1], x_qkv2[2], x_block->num_heads, nullptr, false, false, ctx->flash_attn_enabled);  // [N, n_token, hidden_size]
 
         x = x_block->post_attention_x(ctx,
                                       x_attn,
@@ -561,8 +555,6 @@ block_mixing(struct ggml_context* ctx,
 }
 
 struct JointBlock : public GGMLBlock {
-    bool flash_attn;
-
 public:
     JointBlock(int64_t hidden_size,
                int64_t num_heads,
@@ -570,22 +562,19 @@ public:
                std::string qk_norm = "",
                bool qkv_bias       = false,
                bool pre_only       = false,
-               bool self_attn_x    = false,
-               bool flash_attn     = false)
-        : flash_attn(flash_attn) {
-        blocks["context_block"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new DismantledBlock(hidden_size, num_heads, mlp_ratio, qk_norm, qkv_bias, pre_only, false, flash_attn));
-        blocks["x_block"]       = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new DismantledBlock(hidden_size, num_heads, mlp_ratio, qk_norm, qkv_bias, false, self_attn_x, flash_attn));
+               bool self_attn_x    = false) {
+        blocks["context_block"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new DismantledBlock(hidden_size, num_heads, mlp_ratio, qk_norm, qkv_bias, pre_only, false));
+        blocks["x_block"]       = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new DismantledBlock(hidden_size, num_heads, mlp_ratio, qk_norm, qkv_bias, false, self_attn_x));
     }
 
-    std::pair<struct ggml_tensor*, struct ggml_tensor*> forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    std::pair<struct ggml_tensor*, struct ggml_tensor*> forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                                                 struct ggml_tensor* context,
                                                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                                                 struct ggml_tensor* c) {
         auto context_block = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DismantledBlock>(blocks["context_block"]);
         auto x_block       = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DismantledBlock>(blocks["x_block"]);
 
-        return block_mixing(ctx, backend, flash_attn, context, x, c, context_block, x_block);
+        return block_mixing(ctx, context, x, c, context_block, x_block);
     }
 };
 
@@ -601,7 +590,7 @@ public:
         blocks["adaLN_modulation.1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(hidden_size, 2 * hidden_size));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* c) {
         // x: [N, n_token, hidden_size]
@@ -611,15 +600,15 @@ public:
         auto linear             = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["linear"]);
         auto adaLN_modulation_1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["adaLN_modulation.1"]);
 
-        auto m = adaLN_modulation_1->forward(ctx, ggml_silu(ctx, c));  // [N, 2 * hidden_size]
-        m      = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, m, c->ne[0], 2, c->ne[1]);       // [N, 2, hidden_size]
-        m      = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, m, 0, 2, 1, 3));     // [2, N, hidden_size]
+        auto m = adaLN_modulation_1->forward(ctx, ggml_silu(ctx->ggml_ctx, c));         // [N, 2 * hidden_size]
+        m      = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, c->ne[0], 2, c->ne[1]);              // [N, 2, hidden_size]
+        m      = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [2, N, hidden_size]
 
         int64_t offset = m->nb[1] * m->ne[1];
-        auto shift     = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 0);  // [N, hidden_size]
-        auto scale     = ggml_view_2d(ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 1);  // [N, hidden_size]
+        auto shift     = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 0);  // [N, hidden_size]
+        auto scale     = ggml_view_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, m, m->ne[0], m->ne[1], m->nb[1], offset * 1);  // [N, hidden_size]
 
-        x = modulate(ctx, norm_final->forward(ctx, x), shift, scale);
+        x = modulate(ctx->ggml_ctx, norm_final->forward(ctx, x), shift, scale);
         x = linear->forward(ctx, x);
 
         return x;
@@ -643,16 +632,14 @@ protected:
     int64_t context_embedder_out_dim = 1536;
     int64_t hidden_size;
     std::string qk_norm;
-    bool flash_attn = false;
 
-    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {}, std::string prefix = "") {
+    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, std::string prefix = "") override {
         enum ggml_type wtype = GGML_TYPE_F32;
         params["pos_embed"]  = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, wtype, hidden_size, num_patchs, 1);
     }
 
 public:
-    MMDiT(bool flash_attn = false, const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {})
-        : flash_attn(flash_attn) {
+    MMDiT(const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}) {
         // input_size is always None
         // learn_sigma is always False
         // register_length is alwalys 0
@@ -665,8 +652,7 @@ public:
         // pos_embed_offset is not used
         // context_embedder_config is always {'target': 'torch.nn.Linear', 'params': {'in_features': 4096, 'out_features': 1536}}
 
-        // read tensors from tensor_types
-        for (auto pair : tensor_types) {
+        for (auto pair : tensor_storage_map) {
             std::string tensor_name = pair.first;
             if (tensor_name.find("model.diffusion_model.") == std::string::npos)
                 continue;
@@ -720,8 +706,7 @@ public:
                                                                                                     qk_norm,
                                                                                                     true,
                                                                                                     i == depth - 1,
-                                                                                                    i <= d_self,
-                                                                                                    flash_attn));
+                                                                                                    i <= d_self));
         }
 
         blocks["final_layer"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new FinalLayer(hidden_size, patch_size, out_channels));
@@ -789,8 +774,7 @@ public:
         return x;
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward_core_with_concat(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                                 ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward_core_with_concat(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                                  struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                                  struct ggml_tensor* c_mod,
                                                  struct ggml_tensor* context,
@@ -809,7 +793,7 @@ public:
 
             auto block = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<JointBlock>(blocks["joint_blocks." + std::to_string(i)]);
 
-            auto context_x = block->forward(ctx, backend, context, x, c_mod);
+            auto context_x = block->forward(ctx, context, x, c_mod);
             context        = context_x.first;
             x              = context_x.second;
         }
@@ -819,12 +803,11 @@ public:
         return x;
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* t,
-                                struct ggml_tensor* y        = NULL,
-                                struct ggml_tensor* context  = NULL,
+                                struct ggml_tensor* y        = nullptr,
+                                struct ggml_tensor* context  = nullptr,
                                 std::vector<int> skip_layers = std::vector<int>()) {
         // Forward pass of DiT.
         // x: (N, C, H, W) tensor of spatial inputs (images or latent representations of images)
@@ -838,27 +821,27 @@ public:
         int64_t w = x->ne[0];
         int64_t h = x->ne[1];
 
-        auto patch_embed = x_embedder->forward(ctx, x);            // [N, H*W, hidden_size]
-        auto pos_embed   = cropped_pos_embed(ctx, h, w);           // [1, H*W, hidden_size]
-        x                = ggml_add(ctx, patch_embed, pos_embed);  // [N, H*W, hidden_size]
+        auto patch_embed = x_embedder->forward(ctx, x);                      // [N, H*W, hidden_size]
+        auto pos_embed   = cropped_pos_embed(ctx->ggml_ctx, h, w);           // [1, H*W, hidden_size]
+        x                = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, patch_embed, pos_embed);  // [N, H*W, hidden_size]
 
         auto c = t_embedder->forward(ctx, t);  // [N, hidden_size]
-        if (y != NULL && adm_in_channels != -1) {
+        if (y != nullptr && adm_in_channels != -1) {
             auto y_embedder = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<VectorEmbedder>(blocks["y_embedder"]);
 
             y = y_embedder->forward(ctx, y);  // [N, hidden_size]
-            c = ggml_add(ctx, c, y);
+            c = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, c, y);
         }
 
-        if (context != NULL) {
+        if (context != nullptr) {
             auto context_embedder = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["context_embedder"]);
 
             context = context_embedder->forward(ctx, context);  // [N, L, D] aka [N, L, 1536]
         }
 
-        x = forward_core_with_concat(ctx, backend, x, c, context, skip_layers);  // (N, H*W, patch_size ** 2 * out_channels)
+        x = forward_core_with_concat(ctx, x, c, context, skip_layers);  // (N, H*W, patch_size ** 2 * out_channels)
 
-        x = unpatchify(ctx, x, h, w);  // [N, C, H, W]
+        x = unpatchify(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, h, w);  // [N, C, H, W]
 
         return x;
     }
@@ -868,14 +851,13 @@ struct MMDiTRunner : public GGMLRunner {
 
     MMDiTRunner(ggml_backend_t backend,
                 bool offload_params_to_cpu,
-                bool flash_attn,
-                const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {},
-                const std::string prefix            = "")
-        : GGMLRunner(backend, offload_params_to_cpu), mmdit(flash_attn, tensor_types) {
-        mmdit.init(params_ctx, tensor_types, prefix);
+                const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {},
+                const std::string prefix                       = "")
+        : GGMLRunner(backend, offload_params_to_cpu), mmdit(tensor_storage_map) {
+        mmdit.init(params_ctx, tensor_storage_map, prefix);
     }
 
-    std::string get_desc() {
+    std::string get_desc() override {
         return "mmdit";
     }
 
@@ -895,8 +877,8 @@ struct MMDiTRunner : public GGMLRunner {
         y         = to_backend(y);
         timesteps = to_backend(timesteps);
 
-        struct ggml_tensor* out = mmdit.forward(compute_ctx,
-                                                runtime_backend,
+        auto runner_ctx         = get_context();
+        struct ggml_tensor* out = mmdit.forward(&runner_ctx,
                                                 x,
                                                 timesteps,
                                                 y,
@@ -913,8 +895,8 @@ struct MMDiTRunner : public GGMLRunner {
                  struct ggml_tensor* timesteps,
                  struct ggml_tensor* context,
                  struct ggml_tensor* y,
-                 struct ggml_tensor** output     = NULL,
-                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = NULL,
+                 struct ggml_tensor** output     = nullptr,
+                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = nullptr,
                  std::vector<int> skip_layers    = std::vector<int>()) {
         // x: [N, in_channels, h, w]
         // timesteps: [N, ]
@@ -930,11 +912,11 @@ struct MMDiTRunner : public GGMLRunner {
     void test() {
         struct ggml_init_params params;
         params.mem_size   = static_cast<size_t>(10 * 1024 * 1024);  // 10 MB
-        params.mem_buffer = NULL;
+        params.mem_buffer = nullptr;
         params.no_alloc   = false;
 
         struct ggml_context* work_ctx = ggml_init(params);
-        GGML_ASSERT(work_ctx != NULL);
+        GGML_ASSERT(work_ctx != nullptr);
 
         {
             // cpu f16: pass
@@ -955,7 +937,7 @@ struct MMDiTRunner : public GGMLRunner {
             ggml_set_f32(y, 0.01f);
             // print_ggml_tensor(y);
 
-            struct ggml_tensor* out = NULL;
+            struct ggml_tensor* out = nullptr;
 
             int t0 = ggml_time_ms();
             compute(8, x, timesteps, context, y, &out, work_ctx);
@@ -970,7 +952,7 @@ struct MMDiTRunner : public GGMLRunner {
         // ggml_backend_t backend    = ggml_backend_cuda_init(0);
         ggml_backend_t backend             = ggml_backend_cpu_init();
         ggml_type model_data_type          = GGML_TYPE_F16;
-        std::shared_ptr<MMDiTRunner> mmdit = std::shared_ptr<MMDiTRunner>(new MMDiTRunner(backend, false, false));
+        std::shared_ptr<MMDiTRunner> mmdit = std::make_shared<MMDiTRunner>(backend, false);
         {
             LOG_INFO("loading from '%s'", file_path.c_str());
 
@@ -979,7 +961,7 @@ struct MMDiTRunner : public GGMLRunner {
             mmdit->get_param_tensors(tensors, "model.diffusion_model");
 
             ModelLoader model_loader;
-            if (!model_loader.init_from_file(file_path)) {
+            if (!model_loader.init_from_file_and_convert_name(file_path)) {
                 LOG_ERROR("init model loader from file failed: '%s'", file_path.c_str());
                 return;
             }

model.h

@@ -8,12 +8,14 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "ggml-backend.h"
 #include "ggml.h"
 #include "gguf.h"
 #include "json.hpp"
+#include "ordered_map.hpp"
 #include "zip.h"
 
 #define SD_MAX_DIMS 5
@@ -22,37 +24,53 @@ enum SDVersion {
     VERSION_SD1,
     VERSION_SD1_INPAINT,
     VERSION_SD1_PIX2PIX,
+    VERSION_SD1_TINY_UNET,
     VERSION_SD2,
     VERSION_SD2_INPAINT,
+    VERSION_SD2_TINY_UNET,
     VERSION_SDXL,
     VERSION_SDXL_INPAINT,
     VERSION_SDXL_PIX2PIX,
+    VERSION_SDXL_SSD1B,
     VERSION_SVD,
     VERSION_SD3,
     VERSION_FLUX,
     VERSION_FLUX_FILL,
+    VERSION_FLUX_CONTROLS,
+    VERSION_FLEX_2,
+    VERSION_CHROMA_RADIANCE,
     VERSION_WAN2,
     VERSION_WAN2_2_I2V,
     VERSION_WAN2_2_TI2V,
+    VERSION_QWEN_IMAGE,
     VERSION_COUNT,
 };
 
 static inline bool sd_version_is_sd1(SDVersion version) {
-    if (version == VERSION_SD1 || version == VERSION_SD1_INPAINT || version == VERSION_SD1_PIX2PIX) {
+    if (version == VERSION_SD1 || version == VERSION_SD1_INPAINT || version == VERSION_SD1_PIX2PIX || version == VERSION_SD1_TINY_UNET) {
         return true;
     }
     return false;
 }
 
 static inline bool sd_version_is_sd2(SDVersion version) {
-    if (version == VERSION_SD2 || version == VERSION_SD2_INPAINT) {
+    if (version == VERSION_SD2 || version == VERSION_SD2_INPAINT || version == VERSION_SD2_TINY_UNET) {
         return true;
     }
     return false;
 }
 
 static inline bool sd_version_is_sdxl(SDVersion version) {
-    if (version == VERSION_SDXL || version == VERSION_SDXL_INPAINT || version == VERSION_SDXL_PIX2PIX) {
+    if (version == VERSION_SDXL || version == VERSION_SDXL_INPAINT || version == VERSION_SDXL_PIX2PIX || version == VERSION_SDXL_SSD1B) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+static inline bool sd_version_is_unet(SDVersion version) {
+    if (sd_version_is_sd1(version) ||
+        sd_version_is_sd2(version) ||
+        sd_version_is_sdxl(version)) {
         return true;
     }
     return false;
@@ -66,7 +84,11 @@ static inline bool sd_version_is_sd3(SDVersion version) {
 }
 
 static inline bool sd_version_is_flux(SDVersion version) {
-    if (version == VERSION_FLUX || version == VERSION_FLUX_FILL) {
+    if (version == VERSION_FLUX ||
+        version == VERSION_FLUX_FILL ||
+        version == VERSION_FLUX_CONTROLS ||
+        version == VERSION_FLEX_2 ||
+        version == VERSION_CHROMA_RADIANCE) {
         return true;
     }
     return false;
@@ -79,15 +101,29 @@ static inline bool sd_version_is_wan(SDVersion version) {
     return false;
 }
 
+static inline bool sd_version_is_qwen_image(SDVersion version) {
+    if (version == VERSION_QWEN_IMAGE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 static inline bool sd_version_is_inpaint(SDVersion version) {
-    if (version == VERSION_SD1_INPAINT || version == VERSION_SD2_INPAINT || version == VERSION_SDXL_INPAINT || version == VERSION_FLUX_FILL) {
+    if (version == VERSION_SD1_INPAINT ||
+        version == VERSION_SD2_INPAINT ||
+        version == VERSION_SDXL_INPAINT ||
+        version == VERSION_FLUX_FILL ||
+        version == VERSION_FLEX_2) {
         return true;
     }
     return false;
 }
 
 static inline bool sd_version_is_dit(SDVersion version) {
-    if (sd_version_is_flux(version) || sd_version_is_sd3(version) || sd_version_is_wan(version)) {
+    if (sd_version_is_flux(version) ||
+        sd_version_is_sd3(version) ||
+        sd_version_is_wan(version) ||
+        sd_version_is_qwen_image(version)) {
         return true;
     }
     return false;
@@ -97,8 +133,12 @@ static inline bool sd_version_is_unet_edit(SDVersion version) {
     return version == VERSION_SD1_PIX2PIX || version == VERSION_SDXL_PIX2PIX;
 }
 
+static inline bool sd_version_is_control(SDVersion version) {
+    return version == VERSION_FLUX_CONTROLS || version == VERSION_FLEX_2;
+}
+
 static bool sd_version_is_inpaint_or_unet_edit(SDVersion version) {
-    return sd_version_is_unet_edit(version) || sd_version_is_inpaint(version);
+    return sd_version_is_unet_edit(version) || sd_version_is_inpaint(version) || sd_version_is_control(version);
 }
 
 enum PMVersion {
@@ -109,6 +149,7 @@ enum PMVersion {
 struct TensorStorage {
     std::string name;
     ggml_type type          = GGML_TYPE_F32;
+    ggml_type expected_type = GGML_TYPE_COUNT;
     bool is_bf16            = false;
     bool is_f8_e4m3         = false;
     bool is_f8_e5m2         = false;
@@ -123,8 +164,8 @@ struct TensorStorage {
 
     TensorStorage() = default;
 
-    TensorStorage(const std::string& name, ggml_type type, const int64_t* ne, int n_dims, size_t file_index, size_t offset = 0)
-        : name(name), type(type), n_dims(n_dims), file_index(file_index), offset(offset) {
+    TensorStorage(std::string name, ggml_type type, const int64_t* ne, int n_dims, size_t file_index, size_t offset = 0)
+        : name(std::move(name)), type(type), n_dims(n_dims), file_index(file_index), offset(offset) {
         for (int i = 0; i < n_dims; i++) {
             this->ne[i] = ne[i];
         }
@@ -217,12 +258,15 @@ struct TensorStorage {
 
 typedef std::function<bool(const TensorStorage&, ggml_tensor**)> on_new_tensor_cb_t;
 
-typedef std::map<std::string, enum ggml_type> String2GGMLType;
+typedef OrderedMap<std::string, TensorStorage> String2TensorStorage;
 
 class ModelLoader {
 protected:
+    SDVersion version_ = VERSION_COUNT;
     std::vector<std::string> file_paths_;
-    std::vector<TensorStorage> tensor_storages;
+    String2TensorStorage tensor_storage_map;
+
+    void add_tensor_storage(const TensorStorage& tensor_storage);
 
     bool parse_data_pkl(uint8_t* buffer,
                         size_t buffer_size,
@@ -237,27 +281,38 @@ protected:
     bool init_from_diffusers_file(const std::string& file_path, const std::string& prefix = "");
 
 public:
-    String2GGMLType tensor_storages_types;
-
     bool init_from_file(const std::string& file_path, const std::string& prefix = "");
-    bool model_is_unet();
+    void convert_tensors_name();
+    bool init_from_file_and_convert_name(const std::string& file_path,
+                                         const std::string& prefix = "",
+                                         SDVersion version         = VERSION_COUNT);
     SDVersion get_sd_version();
-    ggml_type get_sd_wtype();
-    ggml_type get_conditioner_wtype();
-    ggml_type get_diffusion_model_wtype();
-    ggml_type get_vae_wtype();
+    std::map<ggml_type, uint32_t> get_wtype_stat();
+    std::map<ggml_type, uint32_t> get_conditioner_wtype_stat();
+    std::map<ggml_type, uint32_t> get_diffusion_model_wtype_stat();
+    std::map<ggml_type, uint32_t> get_vae_wtype_stat();
+    String2TensorStorage& get_tensor_storage_map() { return tensor_storage_map; }
     void set_wtype_override(ggml_type wtype, std::string prefix = "");
     bool load_tensors(on_new_tensor_cb_t on_new_tensor_cb, int n_threads = 0);
     bool load_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors,
                       std::set<std::string> ignore_tensors = {},
                       int n_threads                        = 0);
 
+    std::vector<std::string> get_tensor_names() const {
+        std::vector<std::string> names;
+        for (const auto& [name, tensor_storage] : tensor_storage_map) {
+            names.push_back(name);
+        }
+        return names;
+    }
+
     bool save_to_gguf_file(const std::string& file_path, ggml_type type, const std::string& tensor_type_rules);
     bool tensor_should_be_converted(const TensorStorage& tensor_storage, ggml_type type);
     int64_t get_params_mem_size(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_type type = GGML_TYPE_COUNT);
     ~ModelLoader() = default;
 
     static std::string load_merges();
+    static std::string load_qwen2_merges();
     static std::string load_t5_tokenizer_json();
     static std::string load_umt5_tokenizer_json();
 };

name_conversion.h

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef __NAME_CONVERSTION_H__
+#define __NAME_CONVERSTION_H__
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "model.h"
+
+std::string convert_tensor_name(std::string name, SDVersion version);
+
+#endif  // __NAME_CONVERSTION_H__

ordered_map.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#ifndef __ORDERED_MAP_HPP__
+#define __ORDERED_MAP_HPP__
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <list>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <list>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+
+template <typename Key, typename T>
+class OrderedMap {
+public:
+    using key_type        = Key;
+    using mapped_type     = T;
+    using value_type      = std::pair<const Key, T>;
+    using list_type       = std::list<value_type>;
+    using size_type       = typename list_type::size_type;
+    using difference_type = typename list_type::difference_type;
+    using iterator        = typename list_type::iterator;
+    using const_iterator  = typename list_type::const_iterator;
+
+private:
+    list_type data_;
+    std::unordered_map<Key, iterator> index_;
+
+public:
+    // --- constructors ---
+    OrderedMap() = default;
+
+    OrderedMap(std::initializer_list<value_type> init) {
+        for (const auto& kv : init)
+            insert(kv);
+    }
+
+    OrderedMap(const OrderedMap&)                = default;
+    OrderedMap(OrderedMap&&) noexcept            = default;
+    OrderedMap& operator=(const OrderedMap&)     = default;
+    OrderedMap& operator=(OrderedMap&&) noexcept = default;
+
+    // --- element access ---
+    T& at(const Key& key) {
+        auto it = index_.find(key);
+        if (it == index_.end())
+            throw std::out_of_range("OrderedMap::at: key not found");
+        return it->second->second;
+    }
+
+    const T& at(const Key& key) const {
+        auto it = index_.find(key);
+        if (it == index_.end())
+            throw std::out_of_range("OrderedMap::at: key not found");
+        return it->second->second;
+    }
+
+    T& operator[](const Key& key) {
+        auto it = index_.find(key);
+        if (it == index_.end()) {
+            data_.emplace_back(key, T{});
+            auto iter   = std::prev(data_.end());
+            index_[key] = iter;
+            return iter->second;
+        }
+        return it->second->second;
+    }
+
+    // --- iterators ---
+    iterator begin() noexcept { return data_.begin(); }
+    const_iterator begin() const noexcept { return data_.begin(); }
+    const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept { return data_.cbegin(); }
+
+    iterator end() noexcept { return data_.end(); }
+    const_iterator end() const noexcept { return data_.end(); }
+    const_iterator cend() const noexcept { return data_.cend(); }
+
+    // --- capacity ---
+    bool empty() const noexcept { return data_.empty(); }
+    size_type size() const noexcept { return data_.size(); }
+
+    // --- modifiers ---
+    void clear() noexcept {
+        data_.clear();
+        index_.clear();
+    }
+
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert(const value_type& value) {
+        auto it = index_.find(value.first);
+        if (it != index_.end()) {
+            return {it->second, false};
+        }
+        data_.push_back(value);
+        auto iter           = std::prev(data_.end());
+        index_[value.first] = iter;
+        return {iter, true};
+    }
+
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert(value_type&& value) {
+        auto it = index_.find(value.first);
+        if (it != index_.end()) {
+            return {it->second, false};
+        }
+        data_.push_back(std::move(value));
+        auto iter           = std::prev(data_.end());
+        index_[iter->first] = iter;
+        return {iter, true};
+    }
+
+    void erase(const Key& key) {
+        auto it = index_.find(key);
+        if (it != index_.end()) {
+            data_.erase(it->second);
+            index_.erase(it);
+        }
+    }
+
+    iterator erase(iterator pos) {
+        index_.erase(pos->first);
+        return data_.erase(pos);
+    }
+
+    // --- lookup ---
+    size_type count(const Key& key) const {
+        return index_.count(key);
+    }
+
+    iterator find(const Key& key) {
+        auto it = index_.find(key);
+        if (it == index_.end())
+            return data_.end();
+        return it->second;
+    }
+
+    const_iterator find(const Key& key) const {
+        auto it = index_.find(key);
+        if (it == index_.end())
+            return data_.end();
+        return it->second;
+    }
+
+    bool contains(const Key& key) const {
+        return index_.find(key) != index_.end();
+    }
+
+    // --- comparison ---
+    bool operator==(const OrderedMap& other) const {
+        return data_ == other.data_;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const OrderedMap& other) const {
+        return !(*this == other);
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> emplace(Args&&... args) {
+        value_type value(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        auto it = index_.find(value.first);
+        if (it != index_.end()) {
+            return {it->second, false};
+        }
+        data_.push_back(std::move(value));
+        auto iter           = std::prev(data_.end());
+        index_[iter->first] = iter;
+        return {iter, true};
+    }
+
+    void swap(OrderedMap& other) noexcept {
+        data_.swap(other.data_);
+        index_.swap(other.index_);
+    }
+};
+
+#endif  // __ORDERED_MAP_HPP__

pmid.hpp

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public:
         blocks["layernorm"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(in_dim));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         // x: [N, channels, h, w]
 
         auto fc1        = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["fc1"]);
@@ -29,15 +29,15 @@ public:
         auto layer_norm = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["layernorm"]);
 
         struct ggml_tensor* r = x;
-        // x = ggml_nn_layer_norm(ctx, x, ln_w, ln_b);
+        // x = ggml_ext_layer_norm(ctx, x, ln_w, ln_b);
         x = layer_norm->forward(ctx, x);
         // x = ggml_add(ctx, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, fc1_w, x),  fc1_b);
         x = fc1->forward(ctx, x);
-        x = ggml_gelu_inplace(ctx, x);
+        x = ggml_gelu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, x);
         x = fc2->forward(ctx, x);
         // x = ggml_add(ctx, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, fc2_w, x),  fc2_b);
         if (use_residue)
-            x = ggml_add(ctx, x, r);
+            x = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, r);
         return x;
     }
 };
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public:
         blocks["1"]   = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Mlp(dim, inner_dim, dim, false));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         auto norm = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["0"]);
         auto ff   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Mlp>(blocks["1"]);
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ public:
                 ggml_cont(ctx, tli)};
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* latents) {
         // x (torch.Tensor): image features
@@ -118,33 +118,33 @@ public:
         auto to_q  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["to_q"]);
         auto q     = to_q->forward(ctx, latents);
 
-        auto kv_input = ggml_concat(ctx, x, latents, 1);
+        auto kv_input = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, latents, 1);
         auto to_kv    = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["to_kv"]);
         auto kv       = to_kv->forward(ctx, kv_input);
-        auto k        = ggml_view_4d(ctx, kv, kv->ne[0] / 2, kv->ne[1], kv->ne[2], kv->ne[3], kv->nb[1] / 2, kv->nb[2] / 2, kv->nb[3] / 2, 0);
-        auto v        = ggml_view_4d(ctx, kv, kv->ne[0] / 2, kv->ne[1], kv->ne[2], kv->ne[3], kv->nb[1] / 2, kv->nb[2] / 2, kv->nb[3] / 2, kv->nb[0] * (kv->ne[0] / 2));
-        k             = ggml_cont(ctx, k);
-        v             = ggml_cont(ctx, v);
-        q             = reshape_tensor(ctx, q, heads);
-        k             = reshape_tensor(ctx, k, heads);
-        v             = reshape_tensor(ctx, v, heads);
+        auto k        = ggml_view_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, kv, kv->ne[0] / 2, kv->ne[1], kv->ne[2], kv->ne[3], kv->nb[1] / 2, kv->nb[2] / 2, kv->nb[3] / 2, 0);
+        auto v        = ggml_view_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, kv, kv->ne[0] / 2, kv->ne[1], kv->ne[2], kv->ne[3], kv->nb[1] / 2, kv->nb[2] / 2, kv->nb[3] / 2, kv->nb[0] * (kv->ne[0] / 2));
+        k             = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, k);
+        v             = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, v);
+        q             = reshape_tensor(ctx->ggml_ctx, q, heads);
+        k             = reshape_tensor(ctx->ggml_ctx, k, heads);
+        v             = reshape_tensor(ctx->ggml_ctx, v, heads);
         scale         = 1.f / sqrt(sqrt((float)dim_head));
-        k             = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, k, scale);
-        q             = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, q, scale);
+        k             = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, k, scale);
+        q             = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, q, scale);
         // auto weight = ggml_mul_mat(ctx, q, k);
-        auto weight = ggml_mul_mat(ctx, k, q);  // NOTE order of mul is opposite to pytorch
+        auto weight = ggml_mul_mat(ctx->ggml_ctx, k, q);  // NOTE order of mul is opposite to pytorch
 
         // GGML's softmax() is equivalent to pytorch's softmax(x, dim=-1)
         // in this case, dimension along which Softmax will be computed is the last dim
         // in torch and the first dim in GGML, consistent with the convention that pytorch's
         // last dimension (varying most rapidly) corresponds to GGML's first (varying most rapidly).
         // weight = ggml_soft_max(ctx, weight);
-        weight = ggml_soft_max_inplace(ctx, weight);
-        v      = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_transpose(ctx, v));
+        weight = ggml_soft_max_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, weight);
+        v      = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_transpose(ctx->ggml_ctx, v));
         // auto out = ggml_mul_mat(ctx, weight, v);
-        auto out    = ggml_mul_mat(ctx, v, weight);  // NOTE order of mul is opposite to pytorch
-        out         = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, out, 0, 2, 1, 3));
-        out         = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, out, ne[0], ne[1], ggml_nelements(out) / (ne[0] * ne[1]));
+        auto out    = ggml_mul_mat(ctx->ggml_ctx, v, weight);  // NOTE order of mul is opposite to pytorch
+        out         = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, out, 0, 2, 1, 3));
+        out         = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, out, ne[0], ne[1], ggml_nelements(out) / (ne[0] * ne[1]));
         auto to_out = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["to_out"]);
         out         = to_out->forward(ctx, out);
         return out;
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* latents,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         // x: [N, channels, h, w]
@@ -191,9 +191,9 @@ public:
             name             = "layers." + std::to_string(i) + ".1";
             auto ff          = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<PMFeedForward>(blocks[name]);
             auto t           = attn->forward(ctx, x, latents);
-            latents          = ggml_add(ctx, t, latents);
+            latents          = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, t, latents);
             t                = ff->forward(ctx, latents);
-            latents          = ggml_add(ctx, t, latents);
+            latents          = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, t, latents);
         }
         latents = proj_out->forward(ctx, latents);
         latents = norm_out->forward(ctx, latents);
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ public:
             4));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* last_hidden_state) {
         // x: [N, channels, h, w]
@@ -235,11 +235,11 @@ public:
 
         x                       = token_proj->forward(ctx, x);
         int64_t nel             = ggml_nelements(x);
-        x                       = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, x, cross_attention_dim, num_tokens, nel / (cross_attention_dim * num_tokens));
+        x                       = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, cross_attention_dim, num_tokens, nel / (cross_attention_dim * num_tokens));
         x                       = token_norm->forward(ctx, x);
         struct ggml_tensor* out = perceiver_resampler->forward(ctx, x, last_hidden_state);
         if (use_residul)
-            out = ggml_add(ctx, x, out);
+            out = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, out);
         return out;
     }
 };
@@ -256,24 +256,24 @@ public:
         blocks["layer_norm"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(embed_dim));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* fuse_fn(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor* fuse_fn(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* prompt_embeds,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* id_embeds) {
         auto mlp1       = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<FuseBlock>(blocks["mlp1"]);
         auto mlp2       = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<FuseBlock>(blocks["mlp2"]);
         auto layer_norm = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["layer_norm"]);
 
-        auto stacked_id_embeds = ggml_concat(ctx, prompt_embeds, id_embeds, 0);
+        auto stacked_id_embeds = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, prompt_embeds, id_embeds, 0);
 
         stacked_id_embeds = mlp1->forward(ctx, stacked_id_embeds);
-        stacked_id_embeds = ggml_add(ctx, stacked_id_embeds, prompt_embeds);
+        stacked_id_embeds = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, stacked_id_embeds, prompt_embeds);
         stacked_id_embeds = mlp2->forward(ctx, stacked_id_embeds);
         stacked_id_embeds = layer_norm->forward(ctx, stacked_id_embeds);
 
         return stacked_id_embeds;
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* prompt_embeds,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* id_embeds,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* class_tokens_mask,
@@ -286,25 +286,25 @@ public:
         // # slice out the image token embeddings
         ggml_set_name(class_tokens_mask_pos, "class_tokens_mask_pos");
         ggml_set_name(prompt_embeds, "prompt_embeds");
-        struct ggml_tensor* image_token_embeds = ggml_get_rows(ctx, prompt_embeds, class_tokens_mask_pos);
+        struct ggml_tensor* image_token_embeds = ggml_get_rows(ctx->ggml_ctx, prompt_embeds, class_tokens_mask_pos);
         ggml_set_name(image_token_embeds, "image_token_embeds");
-        valid_id_embeds                       = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx, valid_id_embeds, valid_id_embeds->ne[0],
+        valid_id_embeds                       = ggml_reshape_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, valid_id_embeds, valid_id_embeds->ne[0],
                                                                 ggml_nelements(valid_id_embeds) / valid_id_embeds->ne[0]);
         struct ggml_tensor* stacked_id_embeds = fuse_fn(ctx, image_token_embeds, valid_id_embeds);
 
         if (left && right) {
-            stacked_id_embeds = ggml_concat(ctx, left, stacked_id_embeds, 1);
-            stacked_id_embeds = ggml_concat(ctx, stacked_id_embeds, right, 1);
+            stacked_id_embeds = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, left, stacked_id_embeds, 1);
+            stacked_id_embeds = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, stacked_id_embeds, right, 1);
         } else if (left) {
-            stacked_id_embeds = ggml_concat(ctx, left, stacked_id_embeds, 1);
+            stacked_id_embeds = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, left, stacked_id_embeds, 1);
         } else if (right) {
-            stacked_id_embeds = ggml_concat(ctx, stacked_id_embeds, right, 1);
+            stacked_id_embeds = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, stacked_id_embeds, right, 1);
         }
 
-        class_tokens_mask                         = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_transpose(ctx, class_tokens_mask));
-        class_tokens_mask                         = ggml_repeat(ctx, class_tokens_mask, prompt_embeds);
-        prompt_embeds                             = ggml_mul(ctx, prompt_embeds, class_tokens_mask);
-        struct ggml_tensor* updated_prompt_embeds = ggml_add(ctx, prompt_embeds, stacked_id_embeds);
+        class_tokens_mask                         = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_transpose(ctx->ggml_ctx, class_tokens_mask));
+        class_tokens_mask                         = ggml_repeat(ctx->ggml_ctx, class_tokens_mask, prompt_embeds);
+        prompt_embeds                             = ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, prompt_embeds, class_tokens_mask);
+        struct ggml_tensor* updated_prompt_embeds = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, prompt_embeds, stacked_id_embeds);
         ggml_set_name(updated_prompt_embeds, "updated_prompt_embeds");
         return updated_prompt_embeds;
     }
@@ -317,8 +317,7 @@ struct PhotoMakerIDEncoderBlock : public CLIPVisionModelProjection {
         blocks["fuse_module"]         = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new FuseModule(2048));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* id_pixel_values,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* prompt_embeds,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* class_tokens_mask,
@@ -331,15 +330,15 @@ struct PhotoMakerIDEncoderBlock : public CLIPVisionModelProjection {
         auto visual_projection_2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["visual_projection_2"]);
         auto fuse_module         = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<FuseModule>(blocks["fuse_module"]);
 
-        struct ggml_tensor* shared_id_embeds = vision_model->forward(ctx, backend, id_pixel_values);  // [N, hidden_size]
-        struct ggml_tensor* id_embeds        = visual_projection->forward(ctx, shared_id_embeds);     // [N, proj_dim(768)]
-        struct ggml_tensor* id_embeds_2      = visual_projection_2->forward(ctx, shared_id_embeds);   // [N, 1280]
+        struct ggml_tensor* shared_id_embeds = vision_model->forward(ctx, id_pixel_values);          // [N, hidden_size]
+        struct ggml_tensor* id_embeds        = visual_projection->forward(ctx, shared_id_embeds);    // [N, proj_dim(768)]
+        struct ggml_tensor* id_embeds_2      = visual_projection_2->forward(ctx, shared_id_embeds);  // [N, 1280]
 
-        id_embeds   = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, id_embeds, 2, 0, 1, 3));
-        id_embeds_2 = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, id_embeds_2, 2, 0, 1, 3));
+        id_embeds   = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, id_embeds, 2, 0, 1, 3));
+        id_embeds_2 = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, id_embeds_2, 2, 0, 1, 3));
 
-        id_embeds = ggml_concat(ctx, id_embeds, id_embeds_2, 2);  // [batch_size, seq_length, 1, 2048] check whether concat at dim 2 is right
-        id_embeds = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, id_embeds, 1, 2, 0, 3));
+        id_embeds = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, id_embeds, id_embeds_2, 2);  // [batch_size, seq_length, 1, 2048] check whether concat at dim 2 is right
+        id_embeds = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, id_embeds, 1, 2, 0, 3));
 
         struct ggml_tensor* updated_prompt_embeds = fuse_module->forward(ctx,
                                                                          prompt_embeds,
@@ -366,8 +365,7 @@ struct PhotoMakerIDEncoder_CLIPInsightfaceExtendtokenBlock : public CLIPVisionMo
                                                                                         num_tokens));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* id_pixel_values,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* prompt_embeds,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* class_tokens_mask,
@@ -381,7 +379,7 @@ struct PhotoMakerIDEncoder_CLIPInsightfaceExtendtokenBlock : public CLIPVisionMo
         auto qformer_perceiver = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<QFormerPerceiver>(blocks["qformer_perceiver"]);
 
         // struct ggml_tensor* last_hidden_state = vision_model->forward(ctx, id_pixel_values);          // [N, hidden_size]
-        struct ggml_tensor* last_hidden_state = vision_model->forward(ctx, backend, id_pixel_values, false);  // [N, hidden_size]
+        struct ggml_tensor* last_hidden_state = vision_model->forward(ctx, id_pixel_values, false);  // [N, hidden_size]
         id_embeds                             = qformer_perceiver->forward(ctx, id_embeds, last_hidden_state);
 
         struct ggml_tensor* updated_prompt_embeds = fuse_module->forward(ctx,
@@ -414,7 +412,7 @@ public:
 public:
     PhotoMakerIDEncoder(ggml_backend_t backend,
                         bool offload_params_to_cpu,
-                        const String2GGMLType& tensor_types,
+                        const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map,
                         const std::string prefix,
                         SDVersion version = VERSION_SDXL,
                         PMVersion pm_v    = PM_VERSION_1,
@@ -424,9 +422,9 @@ public:
           pm_version(pm_v),
           style_strength(sty) {
         if (pm_version == PM_VERSION_1) {
-            id_encoder.init(params_ctx, tensor_types, prefix);
+            id_encoder.init(params_ctx, tensor_storage_map, prefix);
         } else if (pm_version == PM_VERSION_2) {
-            id_encoder2.init(params_ctx, tensor_types, prefix);
+            id_encoder2.init(params_ctx, tensor_storage_map, prefix);
         }
     }
 
@@ -458,7 +456,7 @@ public:
         zeros_right.clear();
         zeros_right_16.clear();
 
-        ggml_context* ctx0 = compute_ctx;
+        auto runner_ctx = get_context();
 
         struct ggml_cgraph* gf = ggml_new_graph(compute_ctx);
 
@@ -466,14 +464,14 @@ public:
         int64_t seq_length  = prompt_embeds->ne[1];
         ggml_type type      = GGML_TYPE_F32;
 
-        struct ggml_tensor* class_tokens_mask_d = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, type, class_tokens_mask.size());
+        struct ggml_tensor* class_tokens_mask_d = ggml_new_tensor_1d(runner_ctx.ggml_ctx, type, class_tokens_mask.size());
 
         struct ggml_tensor* id_pixel_values_d = to_backend(id_pixel_values);
         struct ggml_tensor* prompt_embeds_d   = to_backend(prompt_embeds);
         struct ggml_tensor* id_embeds_d       = to_backend(id_embeds);
 
-        struct ggml_tensor* left  = NULL;
-        struct ggml_tensor* right = NULL;
+        struct ggml_tensor* left  = nullptr;
+        struct ggml_tensor* right = nullptr;
         for (int i = 0; i < class_tokens_mask.size(); i++) {
             if (class_tokens_mask[i]) {
                 // printf(" 1,");
@@ -488,16 +486,16 @@ public:
         }
         // printf("\n");
         if (ctmpos[0] > 0) {
-            // left = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, type, hidden_size, 1, ctmpos[0]);
-            left = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, type, hidden_size, ctmpos[0], 1);
+            // left = ggml_new_tensor_3d(runner_ctx.ggml_ctx, type, hidden_size, 1, ctmpos[0]);
+            left = ggml_new_tensor_3d(runner_ctx.ggml_ctx, type, hidden_size, ctmpos[0], 1);
         }
         if (ctmpos[ctmpos.size() - 1] < seq_length - 1) {
-            // right = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, type,
+            // right = ggml_new_tensor_3d(runner_ctx.ggml_ctx, type,
             //                            hidden_size, 1, seq_length - ctmpos[ctmpos.size() - 1] - 1);
-            right = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, type,
+            right = ggml_new_tensor_3d(runner_ctx.ggml_ctx, type,
                                        hidden_size, seq_length - ctmpos[ctmpos.size() - 1] - 1, 1);
         }
-        struct ggml_tensor* class_tokens_mask_pos = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_I32, ctmpos.size());
+        struct ggml_tensor* class_tokens_mask_pos = ggml_new_tensor_1d(runner_ctx.ggml_ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, ctmpos.size());
 
         {
             if (type == GGML_TYPE_F16)
@@ -528,18 +526,16 @@ public:
                 }
             }
         }
-        struct ggml_tensor* updated_prompt_embeds = NULL;
+        struct ggml_tensor* updated_prompt_embeds = nullptr;
         if (pm_version == PM_VERSION_1)
-            updated_prompt_embeds = id_encoder.forward(ctx0,
-                                                       runtime_backend,
+            updated_prompt_embeds = id_encoder.forward(&runner_ctx,
                                                        id_pixel_values_d,
                                                        prompt_embeds_d,
                                                        class_tokens_mask_d,
                                                        class_tokens_mask_pos,
                                                        left, right);
         else if (pm_version == PM_VERSION_2)
-            updated_prompt_embeds = id_encoder2.forward(ctx0,
-                                                        runtime_backend,
+            updated_prompt_embeds = id_encoder2.forward(&runner_ctx,
                                                         id_pixel_values_d,
                                                         prompt_embeds_d,
                                                         class_tokens_mask_d,
@@ -582,7 +578,7 @@ struct PhotoMakerIDEmbed : public GGMLRunner {
                       const std::string& file_path = "",
                       const std::string& prefix    = "")
         : file_path(file_path), GGMLRunner(backend, offload_params_to_cpu), model_loader(ml) {
-        if (!model_loader->init_from_file(file_path, prefix)) {
+        if (!model_loader->init_from_file_and_convert_name(file_path, prefix)) {
             load_failed = true;
         }
     }
@@ -591,7 +587,7 @@ struct PhotoMakerIDEmbed : public GGMLRunner {
         return "id_embeds";
     }
 
-    bool load_from_file(bool filter_tensor = false) {
+    bool load_from_file(bool filter_tensor, int n_threads) {
         LOG_INFO("loading PhotoMaker ID Embeds from '%s'", file_path.c_str());
 
         if (load_failed) {
@@ -599,7 +595,8 @@ struct PhotoMakerIDEmbed : public GGMLRunner {
             return false;
         }
 
-        bool dry_run          = true;
+        bool dry_run = true;
+        std::mutex tensor_mutex;
         auto on_new_tensor_cb = [&](const TensorStorage& tensor_storage, ggml_tensor** dst_tensor) -> bool {
             const std::string& name = tensor_storage.name;
 
@@ -608,6 +605,7 @@ struct PhotoMakerIDEmbed : public GGMLRunner {
                 return true;
             }
             if (dry_run) {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(tensor_mutex);
                 struct ggml_tensor* real = ggml_new_tensor(params_ctx,
                                                            tensor_storage.type,
                                                            tensor_storage.n_dims,
@@ -621,11 +619,11 @@ struct PhotoMakerIDEmbed : public GGMLRunner {
             return true;
         };
 
-        model_loader->load_tensors(on_new_tensor_cb);
+        model_loader->load_tensors(on_new_tensor_cb, n_threads);
         alloc_params_buffer();
 
         dry_run = false;
-        model_loader->load_tensors(on_new_tensor_cb);
+        model_loader->load_tensors(on_new_tensor_cb, n_threads);
 
         LOG_DEBUG("finished loading PhotoMaker ID Embeds ");
         return true;
@@ -636,7 +634,7 @@ struct PhotoMakerIDEmbed : public GGMLRunner {
         pos = tensors.find("pmid.id_embeds");
         if (pos != tensors.end())
             return pos->second;
-        return NULL;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 };
 

preprocessing.hpp

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 
 void convolve(struct ggml_tensor* input, struct ggml_tensor* output, struct ggml_tensor* kernel, int padding) {
     struct ggml_init_params params;
-    params.mem_size                 = 20 * 1024 * 1024;  // 10
-    params.mem_buffer               = NULL;
+    params.mem_size                 = 80 * input->ne[0] * input->ne[1];  // 20M for 512x512
+    params.mem_buffer               = nullptr;
     params.no_alloc                 = false;
     struct ggml_context* ctx0       = ggml_init(params);
     struct ggml_tensor* kernel_fp16 = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F16, kernel->ne[0], kernel->ne[1], 1, 1);
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ void gaussian_kernel(struct ggml_tensor* kernel) {
         for (int x = 0; x < kernel->ne[1]; x++) {
             float gy = -ks_mid + x;
             float k_ = expf(-((gx * gx + gy * gy) / (2.0f * powf(sigma, 2.0f)))) * normal;
-            ggml_tensor_set_f32(kernel, k_, x, y);
+            ggml_ext_tensor_set_f32(kernel, k_, x, y);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ void gaussian_kernel(struct ggml_tensor* kernel) {
 void grayscale(struct ggml_tensor* rgb_img, struct ggml_tensor* grayscale) {
     for (int iy = 0; iy < rgb_img->ne[1]; iy++) {
         for (int ix = 0; ix < rgb_img->ne[0]; ix++) {
-            float r    = ggml_tensor_get_f32(rgb_img, ix, iy);
-            float g    = ggml_tensor_get_f32(rgb_img, ix, iy, 1);
-            float b    = ggml_tensor_get_f32(rgb_img, ix, iy, 2);
+            float r    = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(rgb_img, ix, iy);
+            float g    = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(rgb_img, ix, iy, 1);
+            float b    = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(rgb_img, ix, iy, 2);
             float gray = 0.2989f * r + 0.5870f * g + 0.1140f * b;
-            ggml_tensor_set_f32(grayscale, gray, ix, iy);
+            ggml_ext_tensor_set_f32(grayscale, gray, ix, iy);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -81,37 +81,37 @@ void normalize_tensor(struct ggml_tensor* g) {
 void non_max_supression(struct ggml_tensor* result, struct ggml_tensor* G, struct ggml_tensor* D) {
     for (int iy = 1; iy < result->ne[1] - 1; iy++) {
         for (int ix = 1; ix < result->ne[0] - 1; ix++) {
-            float angle = ggml_tensor_get_f32(D, ix, iy) * 180.0f / M_PI_;
+            float angle = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(D, ix, iy) * 180.0f / M_PI_;
             angle       = angle < 0.0f ? angle += 180.0f : angle;
             float q     = 1.0f;
             float r     = 1.0f;
 
             // angle 0
             if ((0 >= angle && angle < 22.5f) || (157.5f >= angle && angle <= 180)) {
-                q = ggml_tensor_get_f32(G, ix, iy + 1);
-                r = ggml_tensor_get_f32(G, ix, iy - 1);
+                q = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(G, ix, iy + 1);
+                r = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(G, ix, iy - 1);
             }
             // angle 45
             else if (22.5f >= angle && angle < 67.5f) {
-                q = ggml_tensor_get_f32(G, ix + 1, iy - 1);
-                r = ggml_tensor_get_f32(G, ix - 1, iy + 1);
+                q = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(G, ix + 1, iy - 1);
+                r = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(G, ix - 1, iy + 1);
             }
             // angle 90
             else if (67.5f >= angle && angle < 112.5) {
-                q = ggml_tensor_get_f32(G, ix + 1, iy);
-                r = ggml_tensor_get_f32(G, ix - 1, iy);
+                q = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(G, ix + 1, iy);
+                r = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(G, ix - 1, iy);
             }
             // angle 135
             else if (112.5 >= angle && angle < 157.5f) {
-                q = ggml_tensor_get_f32(G, ix - 1, iy - 1);
-                r = ggml_tensor_get_f32(G, ix + 1, iy + 1);
+                q = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(G, ix - 1, iy - 1);
+                r = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(G, ix + 1, iy + 1);
             }
 
-            float cur = ggml_tensor_get_f32(G, ix, iy);
+            float cur = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(G, ix, iy);
             if ((cur >= q) && (cur >= r)) {
-                ggml_tensor_set_f32(result, cur, ix, iy);
+                ggml_ext_tensor_set_f32(result, cur, ix, iy);
             } else {
-                ggml_tensor_set_f32(result, 0.0f, ix, iy);
+                ggml_ext_tensor_set_f32(result, 0.0f, ix, iy);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -138,9 +138,9 @@ void threshold_hystersis(struct ggml_tensor* img, float high_threshold, float lo
     for (int iy = 0; iy < img->ne[1]; iy++) {
         for (int ix = 0; ix < img->ne[0]; ix++) {
             if (ix >= 3 && ix <= img->ne[0] - 3 && iy >= 3 && iy <= img->ne[1] - 3) {
-                ggml_tensor_set_f32(img, ggml_tensor_get_f32(img, ix, iy), ix, iy);
+                ggml_ext_tensor_set_f32(img, ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(img, ix, iy), ix, iy);
             } else {
-                ggml_tensor_set_f32(img, 0.0f, ix, iy);
+                ggml_ext_tensor_set_f32(img, 0.0f, ix, iy);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -148,14 +148,14 @@ void threshold_hystersis(struct ggml_tensor* img, float high_threshold, float lo
     // hysteresis
     for (int iy = 1; iy < img->ne[1] - 1; iy++) {
         for (int ix = 1; ix < img->ne[0] - 1; ix++) {
-            float imd_v = ggml_tensor_get_f32(img, ix, iy);
+            float imd_v = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(img, ix, iy);
             if (imd_v == weak) {
-                if (ggml_tensor_get_f32(img, ix + 1, iy - 1) == strong || ggml_tensor_get_f32(img, ix + 1, iy) == strong ||
-                    ggml_tensor_get_f32(img, ix, iy - 1) == strong || ggml_tensor_get_f32(img, ix, iy + 1) == strong ||
-                    ggml_tensor_get_f32(img, ix - 1, iy - 1) == strong || ggml_tensor_get_f32(img, ix - 1, iy) == strong) {
-                    ggml_tensor_set_f32(img, strong, ix, iy);
+                if (ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(img, ix + 1, iy - 1) == strong || ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(img, ix + 1, iy) == strong ||
+                    ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(img, ix, iy - 1) == strong || ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(img, ix, iy + 1) == strong ||
+                    ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(img, ix - 1, iy - 1) == strong || ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(img, ix - 1, iy) == strong) {
+                    ggml_ext_tensor_set_f32(img, strong, ix, iy);
                 } else {
-                    ggml_tensor_set_f32(img, 0.0f, ix, iy);
+                    ggml_ext_tensor_set_f32(img, 0.0f, ix, iy);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -164,8 +164,8 @@ void threshold_hystersis(struct ggml_tensor* img, float high_threshold, float lo
 
 bool preprocess_canny(sd_image_t img, float high_threshold, float low_threshold, float weak, float strong, bool inverse) {
     struct ggml_init_params params;
-    params.mem_size               = static_cast<size_t>(10 * 1024 * 1024);  // 10MB
-    params.mem_buffer             = NULL;
+    params.mem_size               = static_cast<size_t>(40 * img.width * img.height);  // 10MB for 512x512
+    params.mem_buffer             = nullptr;
     params.no_alloc               = false;
     struct ggml_context* work_ctx = ggml_init(params);
 
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ bool preprocess_canny(sd_image_t img, float high_threshold, float low_threshold,
     struct ggml_tensor* iY         = ggml_dup_tensor(work_ctx, image_gray);
     struct ggml_tensor* G          = ggml_dup_tensor(work_ctx, image_gray);
     struct ggml_tensor* tetha      = ggml_dup_tensor(work_ctx, image_gray);
-    sd_image_to_tensor(img, image);
+    sd_image_to_ggml_tensor(img, image);
     grayscale(image, image_gray);
     convolve(image_gray, image_gray, gkernel, 2);
     convolve(image_gray, iX, sf_kx, 1);
@@ -211,16 +211,14 @@ bool preprocess_canny(sd_image_t img, float high_threshold, float low_threshold,
     // to RGB channels
     for (int iy = 0; iy < img.height; iy++) {
         for (int ix = 0; ix < img.width; ix++) {
-            float gray = ggml_tensor_get_f32(image_gray, ix, iy);
+            float gray = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(image_gray, ix, iy);
             gray       = inverse ? 1.0f - gray : gray;
-            ggml_tensor_set_f32(image, gray, ix, iy);
-            ggml_tensor_set_f32(image, gray, ix, iy, 1);
-            ggml_tensor_set_f32(image, gray, ix, iy, 2);
+            ggml_ext_tensor_set_f32(image, gray, ix, iy);
+            ggml_ext_tensor_set_f32(image, gray, ix, iy, 1);
+            ggml_ext_tensor_set_f32(image, gray, ix, iy, 2);
         }
     }
-    uint8_t* output = sd_tensor_to_image(image);
-    free(img.data);
-    img.data = output;
+    ggml_tensor_to_sd_image(image, img.data);
     ggml_free(work_ctx);
     return true;
 }

qwen_image.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,683 @@
+#ifndef __QWEN_IMAGE_HPP__
+#define __QWEN_IMAGE_HPP__
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "common.hpp"
+#include "flux.hpp"
+#include "ggml_extend.hpp"
+
+namespace Qwen {
+    constexpr int QWEN_IMAGE_GRAPH_SIZE = 20480;
+
+    struct TimestepEmbedding : public GGMLBlock {
+    public:
+        TimestepEmbedding(int64_t in_channels,
+                          int64_t time_embed_dim,
+                          int64_t out_dim       = 0,
+                          int64_t cond_proj_dim = 0,
+                          bool sample_proj_bias = true) {
+            blocks["linear_1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(in_channels, time_embed_dim, sample_proj_bias));
+            if (cond_proj_dim > 0) {
+                blocks["cond_proj"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(cond_proj_dim, in_channels, false));
+            }
+            if (out_dim <= 0) {
+                out_dim = time_embed_dim;
+            }
+            blocks["linear_2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(time_embed_dim, out_dim, sample_proj_bias));
+        }
+
+        struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                                    struct ggml_tensor* sample,
+                                    struct ggml_tensor* condition = nullptr) {
+            if (condition != nullptr) {
+                auto cond_proj = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["cond_proj"]);
+                sample         = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, sample, cond_proj->forward(ctx, condition));
+            }
+            auto linear_1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["linear_1"]);
+            auto linear_2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["linear_2"]);
+
+            sample = linear_1->forward(ctx, sample);
+            sample = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, sample);
+            sample = linear_2->forward(ctx, sample);
+            return sample;
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct QwenTimestepProjEmbeddings : public GGMLBlock {
+    public:
+        QwenTimestepProjEmbeddings(int64_t embedding_dim) {
+            blocks["timestep_embedder"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new TimestepEmbedding(256, embedding_dim));
+        }
+
+        struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                                    struct ggml_tensor* timesteps) {
+            // timesteps: [N,]
+            // return: [N, embedding_dim]
+            auto timestep_embedder = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<TimestepEmbedding>(blocks["timestep_embedder"]);
+
+            auto timesteps_proj = ggml_ext_timestep_embedding(ctx->ggml_ctx, timesteps, 256, 10000, 1.f);
+            auto timesteps_emb  = timestep_embedder->forward(ctx, timesteps_proj);
+            return timesteps_emb;
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct QwenImageAttention : public GGMLBlock {
+    protected:
+        int64_t dim_head;
+
+    public:
+        QwenImageAttention(int64_t query_dim,
+                           int64_t dim_head,
+                           int64_t num_heads,
+                           int64_t out_dim         = 0,
+                           int64_t out_context_dim = 0,
+                           bool bias               = true,
+                           bool out_bias           = true,
+                           float eps               = 1e-6)
+            : dim_head(dim_head) {
+            int64_t inner_dim = out_dim > 0 ? out_dim : dim_head * num_heads;
+            out_dim           = out_dim > 0 ? out_dim : query_dim;
+            out_context_dim   = out_context_dim > 0 ? out_context_dim : query_dim;
+
+            blocks["to_q"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(query_dim, inner_dim, bias));
+            blocks["to_k"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(query_dim, inner_dim, bias));
+            blocks["to_v"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(query_dim, inner_dim, bias));
+
+            blocks["norm_q"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new RMSNorm(dim_head, eps));
+            blocks["norm_k"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new RMSNorm(dim_head, eps));
+
+            blocks["add_q_proj"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(query_dim, inner_dim, bias));
+            blocks["add_k_proj"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(query_dim, inner_dim, bias));
+            blocks["add_v_proj"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(query_dim, inner_dim, bias));
+
+            blocks["norm_added_q"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new RMSNorm(dim_head, eps));
+            blocks["norm_added_k"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new RMSNorm(dim_head, eps));
+
+            float scale = 1.f / 32.f;
+            // The purpose of the scale here is to prevent NaN issues in certain situations.
+            // For example when using CUDA but the weights are k-quants (not all prompts).
+            blocks["to_out.0"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(inner_dim, out_dim, out_bias, false, false, scale));
+            // to_out.1 is nn.Dropout
+
+            blocks["to_add_out"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(inner_dim, out_context_dim, out_bias, false, false, scale));
+        }
+
+        std::pair<ggml_tensor*, ggml_tensor*> forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                                                      struct ggml_tensor* img,
+                                                      struct ggml_tensor* txt,
+                                                      struct ggml_tensor* pe,
+                                                      struct ggml_tensor* mask = nullptr) {
+            // img: [N, n_img_token, hidden_size]
+            // txt: [N, n_txt_token, hidden_size]
+            // pe: [n_img_token + n_txt_token, d_head/2, 2, 2]
+            // return: ([N, n_img_token, hidden_size], [N, n_txt_token, hidden_size])
+
+            auto norm_q = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UnaryBlock>(blocks["norm_q"]);
+            auto norm_k = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UnaryBlock>(blocks["norm_k"]);
+
+            auto to_q     = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["to_q"]);
+            auto to_k     = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["to_k"]);
+            auto to_v     = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["to_v"]);
+            auto to_out_0 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["to_out.0"]);
+
+            auto norm_added_q = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UnaryBlock>(blocks["norm_added_q"]);
+            auto norm_added_k = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UnaryBlock>(blocks["norm_added_k"]);
+
+            auto add_q_proj = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["add_q_proj"]);
+            auto add_k_proj = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["add_k_proj"]);
+            auto add_v_proj = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["add_v_proj"]);
+            auto to_add_out = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["to_add_out"]);
+
+            int64_t N           = img->ne[2];
+            int64_t n_img_token = img->ne[1];
+            int64_t n_txt_token = txt->ne[1];
+
+            auto img_q        = to_q->forward(ctx, img);
+            int64_t num_heads = img_q->ne[0] / dim_head;
+            img_q             = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, img_q, dim_head, num_heads, n_img_token, N);  // [N, n_img_token, n_head, d_head]
+            auto img_k        = to_k->forward(ctx, img);
+            img_k             = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, img_k, dim_head, num_heads, n_img_token, N);  // [N, n_img_token, n_head, d_head]
+            auto img_v        = to_v->forward(ctx, img);
+            img_v             = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, img_v, dim_head, num_heads, n_img_token, N);  // [N, n_img_token, n_head, d_head]
+
+            img_q = norm_q->forward(ctx, img_q);
+            img_k = norm_k->forward(ctx, img_k);
+
+            auto txt_q = add_q_proj->forward(ctx, txt);
+            txt_q      = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, txt_q, dim_head, num_heads, n_txt_token, N);  // [N, n_txt_token, n_head, d_head]
+            auto txt_k = add_k_proj->forward(ctx, txt);
+            txt_k      = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, txt_k, dim_head, num_heads, n_txt_token, N);  // [N, n_txt_token, n_head, d_head]
+            auto txt_v = add_v_proj->forward(ctx, txt);
+            txt_v      = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, txt_v, dim_head, num_heads, n_txt_token, N);  // [N, n_txt_token, n_head, d_head]
+
+            txt_q = norm_added_q->forward(ctx, txt_q);
+            txt_k = norm_added_k->forward(ctx, txt_k);
+
+            auto q = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, txt_q, img_q, 2);  // [N, n_txt_token + n_img_token, n_head, d_head]
+            auto k = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, txt_k, img_k, 2);  // [N, n_txt_token + n_img_token, n_head, d_head]
+            auto v = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, txt_v, img_v, 2);  // [N, n_txt_token + n_img_token, n_head, d_head]
+
+            auto attn         = Rope::attention(ctx, q, k, v, pe, mask, (1.0f / 128.f));                  // [N, n_txt_token + n_img_token, n_head*d_head]
+            attn              = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, attn, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [n_txt_token + n_img_token, N, hidden_size]
+            auto txt_attn_out = ggml_view_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                             attn,
+                                             attn->ne[0],
+                                             attn->ne[1],
+                                             txt->ne[1],
+                                             attn->nb[1],
+                                             attn->nb[2],
+                                             0);                                                                  // [n_txt_token, N, hidden_size]
+            txt_attn_out      = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, txt_attn_out, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [N, n_txt_token, hidden_size]
+            auto img_attn_out = ggml_view_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                                             attn,
+                                             attn->ne[0],
+                                             attn->ne[1],
+                                             img->ne[1],
+                                             attn->nb[1],
+                                             attn->nb[2],
+                                             attn->nb[2] * txt->ne[1]);                                           // [n_img_token, N, hidden_size]
+            img_attn_out      = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, img_attn_out, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [N, n_img_token, hidden_size]
+
+            img_attn_out = to_out_0->forward(ctx, img_attn_out);
+            txt_attn_out = to_add_out->forward(ctx, txt_attn_out);
+
+            return {img_attn_out, txt_attn_out};
+        }
+    };
+
+    class QwenImageTransformerBlock : public GGMLBlock {
+    public:
+        QwenImageTransformerBlock(int64_t dim,
+                                  int64_t num_attention_heads,
+                                  int64_t attention_head_dim,
+                                  float eps = 1e-6) {
+            // img_mod.0 is nn.SiLU()
+            blocks["img_mod.1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(dim, 6 * dim, true));
+
+            blocks["img_norm1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(dim, eps, false));
+            blocks["img_norm2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(dim, eps, false));
+            blocks["img_mlp"]   = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new FeedForward(dim, dim, 4, FeedForward::Activation::GELU, true));
+
+            // txt_mod.0 is nn.SiLU()
+            blocks["txt_mod.1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(dim, 6 * dim, true));
+
+            blocks["txt_norm1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(dim, eps, false));
+            blocks["txt_norm2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(dim, eps, false));
+            blocks["txt_mlp"]   = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new FeedForward(dim, dim, 4, FeedForward::Activation::GELU));
+
+            blocks["attn"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new QwenImageAttention(dim,
+                                                                               attention_head_dim,
+                                                                               num_attention_heads,
+                                                                               0,     // out_dim
+                                                                               0,     // out_context-dim
+                                                                               true,  // bias
+                                                                               true,  // out_bias
+                                                                               eps));
+        }
+
+        virtual std::pair<ggml_tensor*, ggml_tensor*> forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                                                              struct ggml_tensor* img,
+                                                              struct ggml_tensor* txt,
+                                                              struct ggml_tensor* t_emb,
+                                                              struct ggml_tensor* pe) {
+            // img: [N, n_img_token, hidden_size]
+            // txt: [N, n_txt_token, hidden_size]
+            // pe: [n_img_token + n_txt_token, d_head/2, 2, 2]
+            // return: ([N, n_img_token, hidden_size], [N, n_txt_token, hidden_size])
+
+            auto img_mod_1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["img_mod.1"]);
+            auto img_norm1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["img_norm1"]);
+            auto img_norm2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["img_norm2"]);
+            auto img_mlp   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<FeedForward>(blocks["img_mlp"]);
+
+            auto txt_mod_1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["txt_mod.1"]);
+            auto txt_norm1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["txt_norm1"]);
+            auto txt_norm2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["txt_norm2"]);
+            auto txt_mlp   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<FeedForward>(blocks["txt_mlp"]);
+
+            auto attn = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<QwenImageAttention>(blocks["attn"]);
+
+            auto img_mod_params    = ggml_silu(ctx->ggml_ctx, t_emb);
+            img_mod_params         = img_mod_1->forward(ctx, img_mod_params);
+            auto img_mod_param_vec = ggml_ext_chunk(ctx->ggml_ctx, img_mod_params, 6, 0);
+
+            auto txt_mod_params    = ggml_silu(ctx->ggml_ctx, t_emb);
+            txt_mod_params         = txt_mod_1->forward(ctx, txt_mod_params);
+            auto txt_mod_param_vec = ggml_ext_chunk(ctx->ggml_ctx, txt_mod_params, 6, 0);
+
+            auto img_normed    = img_norm1->forward(ctx, img);
+            auto img_modulated = Flux::modulate(ctx->ggml_ctx, img_normed, img_mod_param_vec[0], img_mod_param_vec[1]);
+            auto img_gate1     = img_mod_param_vec[2];
+
+            auto txt_normed    = txt_norm1->forward(ctx, txt);
+            auto txt_modulated = Flux::modulate(ctx->ggml_ctx, txt_normed, txt_mod_param_vec[0], txt_mod_param_vec[1]);
+            auto txt_gate1     = txt_mod_param_vec[2];
+
+            auto [img_attn_output, txt_attn_output] = attn->forward(ctx, img_modulated, txt_modulated, pe);
+
+            img = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, img, ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, img_attn_output, img_gate1));
+            txt = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, txt, ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, txt_attn_output, txt_gate1));
+
+            auto img_normed2    = img_norm2->forward(ctx, img);
+            auto img_modulated2 = Flux::modulate(ctx->ggml_ctx, img_normed2, img_mod_param_vec[3], img_mod_param_vec[4]);
+            auto img_gate2      = img_mod_param_vec[5];
+
+            auto txt_normed2    = txt_norm2->forward(ctx, txt);
+            auto txt_modulated2 = Flux::modulate(ctx->ggml_ctx, txt_normed2, txt_mod_param_vec[3], txt_mod_param_vec[4]);
+            auto txt_gate2      = txt_mod_param_vec[5];
+
+            auto img_mlp_out = img_mlp->forward(ctx, img_modulated2);
+            auto txt_mlp_out = txt_mlp->forward(ctx, txt_modulated2);
+
+            img = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, img, ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, img_mlp_out, img_gate2));
+            txt = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, txt, ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, txt_mlp_out, txt_gate2));
+
+            return {img, txt};
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct AdaLayerNormContinuous : public GGMLBlock {
+    public:
+        AdaLayerNormContinuous(int64_t embedding_dim,
+                               int64_t conditioning_embedding_dim,
+                               bool elementwise_affine = true,
+                               float eps               = 1e-5f,
+                               bool bias               = true) {
+            blocks["norm"]   = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new LayerNorm(conditioning_embedding_dim, eps, elementwise_affine, bias));
+            blocks["linear"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(conditioning_embedding_dim, embedding_dim * 2, bias));
+        }
+
+        struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                                    struct ggml_tensor* x,
+                                    struct ggml_tensor* c) {
+            // x: [N, n_token, hidden_size]
+            // c: [N, hidden_size]
+            // return: [N, n_token, patch_size * patch_size * out_channels]
+
+            auto norm   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<LayerNorm>(blocks["norm"]);
+            auto linear = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["linear"]);
+
+            auto emb   = linear->forward(ctx, ggml_silu(ctx->ggml_ctx, c));
+            auto mods  = ggml_ext_chunk(ctx->ggml_ctx, emb, 2, 0);
+            auto scale = mods[0];
+            auto shift = mods[1];
+
+            x = norm->forward(ctx, x);
+            x = Flux::modulate(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, shift, scale);
+
+            return x;
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct QwenImageParams {
+        int64_t patch_size          = 2;
+        int64_t in_channels         = 64;
+        int64_t out_channels        = 16;
+        int64_t num_layers          = 60;
+        int64_t attention_head_dim  = 128;
+        int64_t num_attention_heads = 24;
+        int64_t joint_attention_dim = 3584;
+        float theta                 = 10000;
+        std::vector<int> axes_dim   = {16, 56, 56};
+        int64_t axes_dim_sum        = 128;
+    };
+
+    class QwenImageModel : public GGMLBlock {
+    protected:
+        QwenImageParams params;
+
+    public:
+        QwenImageModel() {}
+        QwenImageModel(QwenImageParams params)
+            : params(params) {
+            int64_t inner_dim         = params.num_attention_heads * params.attention_head_dim;
+            blocks["time_text_embed"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new QwenTimestepProjEmbeddings(inner_dim));
+            blocks["txt_norm"]        = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new RMSNorm(params.joint_attention_dim, 1e-6f));
+            blocks["img_in"]          = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(params.in_channels, inner_dim));
+            blocks["txt_in"]          = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(params.joint_attention_dim, inner_dim));
+
+            // blocks
+            for (int i = 0; i < params.num_layers; i++) {
+                auto block                                        = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new QwenImageTransformerBlock(inner_dim,
+                                                                                                                             params.num_attention_heads,
+                                                                                                                             params.attention_head_dim,
+                                                                                                                             1e-6f));
+                blocks["transformer_blocks." + std::to_string(i)] = block;
+            }
+
+            blocks["norm_out"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new AdaLayerNormContinuous(inner_dim, inner_dim, false, 1e-6f));
+            blocks["proj_out"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(inner_dim, params.patch_size * params.patch_size * params.out_channels));
+        }
+
+        struct ggml_tensor* pad_to_patch_size(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+                                              struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+            int64_t W = x->ne[0];
+            int64_t H = x->ne[1];
+
+            int pad_h = (params.patch_size - H % params.patch_size) % params.patch_size;
+            int pad_w = (params.patch_size - W % params.patch_size) % params.patch_size;
+            x         = ggml_pad(ctx, x, pad_w, pad_h, 0, 0);  // [N, C, H + pad_h, W + pad_w]
+            return x;
+        }
+
+        struct ggml_tensor* patchify(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+                                     struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+            // x: [N, C, H, W]
+            // return: [N, h*w, C * patch_size * patch_size]
+            int64_t N = x->ne[3];
+            int64_t C = x->ne[2];
+            int64_t H = x->ne[1];
+            int64_t W = x->ne[0];
+            int64_t p = params.patch_size;
+            int64_t h = H / params.patch_size;
+            int64_t w = W / params.patch_size;
+
+            GGML_ASSERT(h * p == H && w * p == W);
+
+            x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x, p, w, p, h * C * N);       // [N*C*h, p, w, p]
+            x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [N*C*h, w, p, p]
+            x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x, p * p, w * h, C, N);       // [N, C, h*w, p*p]
+            x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [N, h*w, C, p*p]
+            x = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, x, p * p * C, w * h, N);      // [N, h*w, C*p*p]
+            return x;
+        }
+
+        struct ggml_tensor* process_img(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+                                        struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+            x = pad_to_patch_size(ctx, x);
+            x = patchify(ctx, x);
+            return x;
+        }
+
+        struct ggml_tensor* unpatchify(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+                                       struct ggml_tensor* x,
+                                       int64_t h,
+                                       int64_t w) {
+            // x: [N, h*w, C*patch_size*patch_size]
+            // return: [N, C, H, W]
+            int64_t N = x->ne[2];
+            int64_t C = x->ne[0] / params.patch_size / params.patch_size;
+            int64_t H = h * params.patch_size;
+            int64_t W = w * params.patch_size;
+            int64_t p = params.patch_size;
+
+            GGML_ASSERT(C * p * p == x->ne[0]);
+
+            x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x, p * p, C, w * h, N);       // [N, h*w, C, p*p]
+            x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [N, C, h*w, p*p]
+            x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x, p, p, w, h * C * N);       // [N*C*h, w, p, p]
+            x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [N*C*h, p, w, p]
+            x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x, W, H, C, N);               // [N, C, h*p, w*p]
+
+            return x;
+        }
+
+        struct ggml_tensor* forward_orig(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                                         struct ggml_tensor* x,
+                                         struct ggml_tensor* timestep,
+                                         struct ggml_tensor* context,
+                                         struct ggml_tensor* pe) {
+            auto time_text_embed = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<QwenTimestepProjEmbeddings>(blocks["time_text_embed"]);
+            auto txt_norm        = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<RMSNorm>(blocks["txt_norm"]);
+            auto img_in          = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["img_in"]);
+            auto txt_in          = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["txt_in"]);
+            auto norm_out        = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<AdaLayerNormContinuous>(blocks["norm_out"]);
+            auto proj_out        = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["proj_out"]);
+
+            auto t_emb = time_text_embed->forward(ctx, timestep);
+            auto img   = img_in->forward(ctx, x);
+            auto txt   = txt_norm->forward(ctx, context);
+            txt        = txt_in->forward(ctx, txt);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < params.num_layers; i++) {
+                auto block = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<QwenImageTransformerBlock>(blocks["transformer_blocks." + std::to_string(i)]);
+
+                auto result = block->forward(ctx, img, txt, t_emb, pe);
+                img         = result.first;
+                txt         = result.second;
+            }
+
+            img = norm_out->forward(ctx, img, t_emb);
+            img = proj_out->forward(ctx, img);
+
+            return img;
+        }
+
+        struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                                    struct ggml_tensor* x,
+                                    struct ggml_tensor* timestep,
+                                    struct ggml_tensor* context,
+                                    struct ggml_tensor* pe,
+                                    std::vector<ggml_tensor*> ref_latents = {}) {
+            // Forward pass of DiT.
+            // x: [N, C, H, W]
+            // timestep: [N,]
+            // context: [N, L, D]
+            // pe: [L, d_head/2, 2, 2]
+            // return: [N, C, H, W]
+
+            int64_t W = x->ne[0];
+            int64_t H = x->ne[1];
+            int64_t C = x->ne[2];
+            int64_t N = x->ne[3];
+
+            auto img            = process_img(ctx->ggml_ctx, x);
+            uint64_t img_tokens = img->ne[1];
+
+            if (ref_latents.size() > 0) {
+                for (ggml_tensor* ref : ref_latents) {
+                    ref = process_img(ctx->ggml_ctx, ref);
+                    img = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, img, ref, 1);
+                }
+            }
+
+            int64_t h_len = ((H + (params.patch_size / 2)) / params.patch_size);
+            int64_t w_len = ((W + (params.patch_size / 2)) / params.patch_size);
+
+            auto out = forward_orig(ctx, img, timestep, context, pe);  // [N, h_len*w_len, ph*pw*C]
+
+            if (out->ne[1] > img_tokens) {
+                out = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, out, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [num_tokens, N, C * patch_size * patch_size]
+                out = ggml_view_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, out, out->ne[0], out->ne[1], img_tokens, out->nb[1], out->nb[2], 0);
+                out = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, out, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [N, h*w, C * patch_size * patch_size]
+            }
+
+            out = unpatchify(ctx->ggml_ctx, out, h_len, w_len);  // [N, C, H + pad_h, W + pad_w]
+
+            // slice
+            out = ggml_ext_slice(ctx->ggml_ctx, out, 1, 0, H);  // [N, C, H, W + pad_w]
+            out = ggml_ext_slice(ctx->ggml_ctx, out, 0, 0, W);  // [N, C, H, W]
+
+            return out;
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct QwenImageRunner : public GGMLRunner {
+    public:
+        QwenImageParams qwen_image_params;
+        QwenImageModel qwen_image;
+        std::vector<float> pe_vec;
+        SDVersion version;
+
+        QwenImageRunner(ggml_backend_t backend,
+                        bool offload_params_to_cpu,
+                        const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {},
+                        const std::string prefix                       = "",
+                        SDVersion version                              = VERSION_QWEN_IMAGE)
+            : GGMLRunner(backend, offload_params_to_cpu) {
+            qwen_image_params.num_layers = 0;
+            for (auto pair : tensor_storage_map) {
+                std::string tensor_name = pair.first;
+                if (tensor_name.find(prefix) == std::string::npos)
+                    continue;
+                size_t pos = tensor_name.find("transformer_blocks.");
+                if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+                    tensor_name = tensor_name.substr(pos);  // remove prefix
+                    auto items  = split_string(tensor_name, '.');
+                    if (items.size() > 1) {
+                        int block_index = atoi(items[1].c_str());
+                        if (block_index + 1 > qwen_image_params.num_layers) {
+                            qwen_image_params.num_layers = block_index + 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+            LOG_INFO("qwen_image_params.num_layers: %ld", qwen_image_params.num_layers);
+            qwen_image = QwenImageModel(qwen_image_params);
+            qwen_image.init(params_ctx, tensor_storage_map, prefix);
+        }
+
+        std::string get_desc() override {
+            return "qwen_image";
+        }
+
+        void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors, const std::string prefix) {
+            qwen_image.get_param_tensors(tensors, prefix);
+        }
+
+        struct ggml_cgraph* build_graph(struct ggml_tensor* x,
+                                        struct ggml_tensor* timesteps,
+                                        struct ggml_tensor* context,
+                                        std::vector<ggml_tensor*> ref_latents = {},
+                                        bool increase_ref_index               = false) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(x->ne[3] == 1);
+            struct ggml_cgraph* gf = ggml_new_graph_custom(compute_ctx, QWEN_IMAGE_GRAPH_SIZE, false);
+
+            x         = to_backend(x);
+            context   = to_backend(context);
+            timesteps = to_backend(timesteps);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < ref_latents.size(); i++) {
+                ref_latents[i] = to_backend(ref_latents[i]);
+            }
+
+            pe_vec      = Rope::gen_qwen_image_pe(x->ne[1],
+                                                  x->ne[0],
+                                                  qwen_image_params.patch_size,
+                                                  x->ne[3],
+                                                  context->ne[1],
+                                                  ref_latents,
+                                                  increase_ref_index,
+                                                  qwen_image_params.theta,
+                                                  qwen_image_params.axes_dim);
+            int pos_len = pe_vec.size() / qwen_image_params.axes_dim_sum / 2;
+            // LOG_DEBUG("pos_len %d", pos_len);
+            auto pe = ggml_new_tensor_4d(compute_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 2, 2, qwen_image_params.axes_dim_sum / 2, pos_len);
+            // pe->data = pe_vec.data();
+            // print_ggml_tensor(pe, true, "pe");
+            // pe->data = nullptr;
+            set_backend_tensor_data(pe, pe_vec.data());
+
+            auto runner_ctx = get_context();
+
+            struct ggml_tensor* out = qwen_image.forward(&runner_ctx,
+                                                         x,
+                                                         timesteps,
+                                                         context,
+                                                         pe,
+                                                         ref_latents);
+
+            ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, out);
+
+            return gf;
+        }
+
+        void compute(int n_threads,
+                     struct ggml_tensor* x,
+                     struct ggml_tensor* timesteps,
+                     struct ggml_tensor* context,
+                     std::vector<ggml_tensor*> ref_latents = {},
+                     bool increase_ref_index               = false,
+                     struct ggml_tensor** output           = nullptr,
+                     struct ggml_context* output_ctx       = nullptr) {
+            // x: [N, in_channels, h, w]
+            // timesteps: [N, ]
+            // context: [N, max_position, hidden_size]
+            auto get_graph = [&]() -> struct ggml_cgraph* {
+                return build_graph(x, timesteps, context, ref_latents, increase_ref_index);
+            };
+
+            GGMLRunner::compute(get_graph, n_threads, false, output, output_ctx);
+        }
+
+        void test() {
+            struct ggml_init_params params;
+            params.mem_size   = static_cast<size_t>(1024 * 1024) * 1024;  // 1GB
+            params.mem_buffer = nullptr;
+            params.no_alloc   = false;
+
+            struct ggml_context* work_ctx = ggml_init(params);
+            GGML_ASSERT(work_ctx != nullptr);
+
+            {
+                // auto x = ggml_new_tensor_4d(work_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 16, 16, 16, 1);
+                // ggml_set_f32(x, 0.01f);
+                auto x = load_tensor_from_file(work_ctx, "./qwen_image_x.bin");
+                print_ggml_tensor(x);
+
+                std::vector<float> timesteps_vec(1, 1000.f);
+                auto timesteps = vector_to_ggml_tensor(work_ctx, timesteps_vec);
+
+                // auto context = ggml_new_tensor_3d(work_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 3584, 256, 1);
+                // ggml_set_f32(context, 0.01f);
+                auto context = load_tensor_from_file(work_ctx, "./qwen_image_context.bin");
+                print_ggml_tensor(context);
+
+                struct ggml_tensor* out = nullptr;
+
+                int t0 = ggml_time_ms();
+                compute(8, x, timesteps, context, {}, false, &out, work_ctx);
+                int t1 = ggml_time_ms();
+
+                print_ggml_tensor(out);
+                LOG_DEBUG("qwen_image test done in %dms", t1 - t0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void load_from_file_and_test(const std::string& file_path) {
+            // cuda q8: pass
+            // cuda q8 fa: pass
+            // ggml_backend_t backend    = ggml_backend_cuda_init(0);
+            ggml_backend_t backend    = ggml_backend_cpu_init();
+            ggml_type model_data_type = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0;
+
+            ModelLoader model_loader;
+            if (!model_loader.init_from_file_and_convert_name(file_path, "model.diffusion_model.")) {
+                LOG_ERROR("init model loader from file failed: '%s'", file_path.c_str());
+                return;
+            }
+
+            auto& tensor_storage_map = model_loader.get_tensor_storage_map();
+            for (auto& [name, tensor_storage] : tensor_storage_map) {
+                if (ends_with(name, "weight")) {
+                    tensor_storage.expected_type = model_data_type;
+                }
+            }
+
+            std::shared_ptr<QwenImageRunner> qwen_image = std::make_shared<QwenImageRunner>(backend,
+                                                                                            false,
+                                                                                            tensor_storage_map,
+                                                                                            "model.diffusion_model",
+                                                                                            VERSION_QWEN_IMAGE);
+
+            qwen_image->alloc_params_buffer();
+            std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor*> tensors;
+            qwen_image->get_param_tensors(tensors, "model.diffusion_model");
+
+            bool success = model_loader.load_tensors(tensors);
+
+            if (!success) {
+                LOG_ERROR("load tensors from model loader failed");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            LOG_INFO("qwen_image model loaded");
+            qwen_image->test();
+        }
+    };
+
+}  // namespace name
+
+#endif  // __QWEN_IMAGE_HPP__

rng.hpp

@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ private:
     std::default_random_engine generator;
 
 public:
-    void manual_seed(uint64_t seed) {
+    void manual_seed(uint64_t seed) override {
         generator.seed((unsigned int)seed);
     }
 
-    std::vector<float> randn(uint32_t n) {
+    std::vector<float> randn(uint32_t n) override {
         std::vector<float> result;
         float mean   = 0.0;
         float stddev = 1.0;

rng_philox.hpp

@@ -93,12 +93,12 @@ public:
         this->offset = 0;
     }
 
-    void manual_seed(uint64_t seed) {
+    void manual_seed(uint64_t seed) override {
         this->seed   = seed;
         this->offset = 0;
     }
 
-    std::vector<float> randn(uint32_t n) {
+    std::vector<float> randn(uint32_t n) override {
         std::vector<std::vector<uint32_t>> counter(4, std::vector<uint32_t>(n, 0));
         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
             counter[0][i] = this->offset;

rope.hpp

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include "ggml_extend.hpp"
 
-struct Rope {
+namespace Rope {
     template <class T>
-    static std::vector<T> linspace(T start, T end, int num) {
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<T> linspace(T start, T end, int num) {
         std::vector<T> result(num);
         if (num == 1) {
             result[0] = start;
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ struct Rope {
         return result;
     }
 
-    static std::vector<std::vector<float>> transpose(const std::vector<std::vector<float>>& mat) {
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<std::vector<float>> transpose(const std::vector<std::vector<float>>& mat) {
         int rows = mat.size();
         int cols = mat[0].size();
         std::vector<std::vector<float>> transposed(cols, std::vector<float>(rows));
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ struct Rope {
         return transposed;
     }
 
-    static std::vector<float> flatten(const std::vector<std::vector<float>>& vec) {
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<float> flatten(const std::vector<std::vector<float>>& vec) {
         std::vector<float> flat_vec;
         for (const auto& sub_vec : vec) {
             flat_vec.insert(flat_vec.end(), sub_vec.begin(), sub_vec.end());
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ struct Rope {
         return flat_vec;
     }
 
-    static std::vector<std::vector<float>> rope(const std::vector<float>& pos, int dim, int theta) {
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<std::vector<float>> rope(const std::vector<float>& pos, int dim, int theta) {
         assert(dim % 2 == 0);
         int half_dim = dim / 2;
 
@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ struct Rope {
     }
 
     // Generate IDs for image patches and text
-    static std::vector<std::vector<float>> gen_txt_ids(int bs, int context_len) {
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<std::vector<float>> gen_txt_ids(int bs, int context_len) {
         return std::vector<std::vector<float>>(bs * context_len, std::vector<float>(3, 0.0));
     }
 
-    static std::vector<std::vector<float>> gen_img_ids(int h, int w, int patch_size, int bs, int index = 0, int h_offset = 0, int w_offset = 0) {
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<std::vector<float>> gen_img_ids(int h, int w, int patch_size, int bs, int index = 0, int h_offset = 0, int w_offset = 0) {
         int h_len = (h + (patch_size / 2)) / patch_size;
         int w_len = (w + (patch_size / 2)) / patch_size;
 
@@ -102,9 +102,9 @@ struct Rope {
         return img_ids_repeated;
     }
 
-    static std::vector<std::vector<float>> concat_ids(const std::vector<std::vector<float>>& a,
-                                                      const std::vector<std::vector<float>>& b,
-                                                      int bs) {
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<std::vector<float>> concat_ids(const std::vector<std::vector<float>>& a,
+                                                                 const std::vector<std::vector<float>>& b,
+                                                                 int bs) {
         size_t a_len = a.size() / bs;
         size_t b_len = b.size() / bs;
         std::vector<std::vector<float>> ids(a.size() + b.size(), std::vector<float>(3));
@@ -119,10 +119,10 @@ struct Rope {
         return ids;
     }
 
-    static std::vector<float> embed_nd(const std::vector<std::vector<float>>& ids,
-                                       int bs,
-                                       int theta,
-                                       const std::vector<int>& axes_dim) {
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<float> embed_nd(const std::vector<std::vector<float>>& ids,
+                                                  int bs,
+                                                  int theta,
+                                                  const std::vector<int>& axes_dim) {
         std::vector<std::vector<float>> trans_ids = transpose(ids);
         size_t pos_len                            = ids.size() / bs;
         int num_axes                              = axes_dim.size();
@@ -151,17 +151,11 @@ struct Rope {
         return flatten(emb);
     }
 
-    static std::vector<std::vector<float>> gen_flux_ids(int h,
-                                                        int w,
-                                                        int patch_size,
-                                                        int bs,
-                                                        int context_len,
-                                                        std::vector<ggml_tensor*> ref_latents,
-                                                        bool increase_ref_index) {
-        auto txt_ids = gen_txt_ids(bs, context_len);
-        auto img_ids = gen_img_ids(h, w, patch_size, bs);
-
-        auto ids               = concat_ids(txt_ids, img_ids, bs);
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<std::vector<float>> gen_refs_ids(int patch_size,
+                                                                   int bs,
+                                                                   const std::vector<ggml_tensor*>& ref_latents,
+                                                                   bool increase_ref_index) {
+        std::vector<std::vector<float>> ids;
         uint64_t curr_h_offset = 0;
         uint64_t curr_w_offset = 0;
         int index              = 1;
@@ -189,30 +183,88 @@ struct Rope {
         return ids;
     }
 
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<std::vector<float>> gen_flux_ids(int h,
+                                                                   int w,
+                                                                   int patch_size,
+                                                                   int bs,
+                                                                   int context_len,
+                                                                   const std::vector<ggml_tensor*>& ref_latents,
+                                                                   bool increase_ref_index) {
+        auto txt_ids = gen_txt_ids(bs, context_len);
+        auto img_ids = gen_img_ids(h, w, patch_size, bs);
+
+        auto ids = concat_ids(txt_ids, img_ids, bs);
+        if (ref_latents.size() > 0) {
+            auto refs_ids = gen_refs_ids(patch_size, bs, ref_latents, increase_ref_index);
+            ids           = concat_ids(ids, refs_ids, bs);
+        }
+        return ids;
+    }
+
     // Generate flux positional embeddings
-    static std::vector<float> gen_flux_pe(int h,
-                                          int w,
-                                          int patch_size,
-                                          int bs,
-                                          int context_len,
-                                          std::vector<ggml_tensor*> ref_latents,
-                                          bool increase_ref_index,
-                                          int theta,
-                                          const std::vector<int>& axes_dim) {
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<float> gen_flux_pe(int h,
+                                                     int w,
+                                                     int patch_size,
+                                                     int bs,
+                                                     int context_len,
+                                                     const std::vector<ggml_tensor*>& ref_latents,
+                                                     bool increase_ref_index,
+                                                     int theta,
+                                                     const std::vector<int>& axes_dim) {
         std::vector<std::vector<float>> ids = gen_flux_ids(h, w, patch_size, bs, context_len, ref_latents, increase_ref_index);
         return embed_nd(ids, bs, theta, axes_dim);
     }
 
-    static std::vector<std::vector<float>> gen_vid_ids(int t,
-                                                       int h,
-                                                       int w,
-                                                       int pt,
-                                                       int ph,
-                                                       int pw,
-                                                       int bs,
-                                                       int t_offset = 0,
-                                                       int h_offset = 0,
-                                                       int w_offset = 0) {
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<std::vector<float>> gen_qwen_image_ids(int h,
+                                                                         int w,
+                                                                         int patch_size,
+                                                                         int bs,
+                                                                         int context_len,
+                                                                         const std::vector<ggml_tensor*>& ref_latents,
+                                                                         bool increase_ref_index) {
+        int h_len        = (h + (patch_size / 2)) / patch_size;
+        int w_len        = (w + (patch_size / 2)) / patch_size;
+        int txt_id_start = std::max(h_len, w_len);
+        auto txt_ids     = linspace<float>(txt_id_start, context_len + txt_id_start, context_len);
+        std::vector<std::vector<float>> txt_ids_repeated(bs * context_len, std::vector<float>(3));
+        for (int i = 0; i < bs; ++i) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < txt_ids.size(); ++j) {
+                txt_ids_repeated[i * txt_ids.size() + j] = {txt_ids[j], txt_ids[j], txt_ids[j]};
+            }
+        }
+        auto img_ids = gen_img_ids(h, w, patch_size, bs);
+        auto ids     = concat_ids(txt_ids_repeated, img_ids, bs);
+        if (ref_latents.size() > 0) {
+            auto refs_ids = gen_refs_ids(patch_size, bs, ref_latents, increase_ref_index);
+            ids           = concat_ids(ids, refs_ids, bs);
+        }
+        return ids;
+    }
+
+    // Generate qwen_image positional embeddings
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<float> gen_qwen_image_pe(int h,
+                                                           int w,
+                                                           int patch_size,
+                                                           int bs,
+                                                           int context_len,
+                                                           const std::vector<ggml_tensor*>& ref_latents,
+                                                           bool increase_ref_index,
+                                                           int theta,
+                                                           const std::vector<int>& axes_dim) {
+        std::vector<std::vector<float>> ids = gen_qwen_image_ids(h, w, patch_size, bs, context_len, ref_latents, increase_ref_index);
+        return embed_nd(ids, bs, theta, axes_dim);
+    }
+
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<std::vector<float>> gen_vid_ids(int t,
+                                                                  int h,
+                                                                  int w,
+                                                                  int pt,
+                                                                  int ph,
+                                                                  int pw,
+                                                                  int bs,
+                                                                  int t_offset = 0,
+                                                                  int h_offset = 0,
+                                                                  int w_offset = 0) {
         int t_len = (t + (pt / 2)) / pt;
         int h_len = (h + (ph / 2)) / ph;
         int w_len = (w + (pw / 2)) / pw;
@@ -244,18 +296,113 @@ struct Rope {
     }
 
     // Generate wan positional embeddings
-    static std::vector<float> gen_wan_pe(int t,
-                                         int h,
-                                         int w,
-                                         int pt,
-                                         int ph,
-                                         int pw,
-                                         int bs,
-                                         int theta,
-                                         const std::vector<int>& axes_dim) {
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<float> gen_wan_pe(int t,
+                                                    int h,
+                                                    int w,
+                                                    int pt,
+                                                    int ph,
+                                                    int pw,
+                                                    int bs,
+                                                    int theta,
+                                                    const std::vector<int>& axes_dim) {
         std::vector<std::vector<float>> ids = gen_vid_ids(t, h, w, pt, ph, pw, bs);
         return embed_nd(ids, bs, theta, axes_dim);
     }
-};  // struct Rope
+
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<std::vector<float>> gen_qwen2vl_ids(int grid_h,
+                                                                      int grid_w,
+                                                                      int merge_size,
+                                                                      const std::vector<int>& window_index) {
+        std::vector<std::vector<float>> ids(grid_h * grid_w, std::vector<float>(2, 0.0));
+        int index = 0;
+        for (int ih = 0; ih < grid_h; ih += merge_size) {
+            for (int iw = 0; iw < grid_w; iw += merge_size) {
+                for (int iy = 0; iy < merge_size; iy++) {
+                    for (int ix = 0; ix < merge_size; ix++) {
+                        int inverse_index = window_index[index / (merge_size * merge_size)];
+                        int i             = inverse_index * (merge_size * merge_size) + index % (merge_size * merge_size);
+
+                        GGML_ASSERT(i < grid_h * grid_w);
+
+                        ids[i][0] = ih + iy;
+                        ids[i][1] = iw + ix;
+                        index++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return ids;
+    }
+
+    // Generate qwen2vl positional embeddings
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ std::vector<float> gen_qwen2vl_pe(int grid_h,
+                                                        int grid_w,
+                                                        int merge_size,
+                                                        const std::vector<int>& window_index,
+                                                        int theta,
+                                                        const std::vector<int>& axes_dim) {
+        std::vector<std::vector<float>> ids = gen_qwen2vl_ids(grid_h, grid_w, merge_size, window_index);
+        return embed_nd(ids, 1, theta, axes_dim);
+    }
+
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ struct ggml_tensor* apply_rope(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+                                                     struct ggml_tensor* x,
+                                                     struct ggml_tensor* pe,
+                                                     bool rope_interleaved = true) {
+        // x: [N, L, n_head, d_head]
+        // pe: [L, d_head/2, 2, 2], [[cos, -sin], [sin, cos]]
+        int64_t d_head = x->ne[0];
+        int64_t n_head = x->ne[1];
+        int64_t L      = x->ne[2];
+        int64_t N      = x->ne[3];
+        x              = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // [N, n_head, L, d_head]
+        if (rope_interleaved) {
+            x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x, 2, d_head / 2, L, n_head * N);  // [N * n_head, L, d_head/2, 2]
+            x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 3, 0, 1, 2));       // [2, N * n_head, L, d_head/2]
+        } else {
+            x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x, d_head / 2, 2, L, n_head * N);       // [N * n_head, L, 2, d_head/2]
+            x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_ext_torch_permute(ctx, x, 0, 2, 3, 1));  // [2, N * n_head, L, d_head/2]
+        }
+
+        int64_t offset = x->nb[2] * x->ne[2];
+        auto x_0       = ggml_view_3d(ctx, x, x->ne[0], x->ne[1], x->ne[2], x->nb[1], x->nb[2], offset * 0);  // [N * n_head, L, d_head/2]
+        auto x_1       = ggml_view_3d(ctx, x, x->ne[0], x->ne[1], x->ne[2], x->nb[1], x->nb[2], offset * 1);  // [N * n_head, L, d_head/2]
+        x_0            = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x_0, 1, x_0->ne[0], x_0->ne[1], x_0->ne[2]);                    // [N * n_head, L, d_head/2, 1]
+        x_1            = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x_1, 1, x_1->ne[0], x_1->ne[1], x_1->ne[2]);                    // [N * n_head, L, d_head/2, 1]
+        auto temp_x    = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, x_0->type, 2, x_0->ne[1], x_0->ne[2], x_0->ne[3]);
+        x_0            = ggml_repeat(ctx, x_0, temp_x);  // [N * n_head, L, d_head/2, 2]
+        x_1            = ggml_repeat(ctx, x_1, temp_x);  // [N * n_head, L, d_head/2, 2]
+
+        pe        = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, pe, 3, 0, 1, 2));  // [2, L, d_head/2, 2]
+        offset    = pe->nb[2] * pe->ne[2];
+        auto pe_0 = ggml_view_3d(ctx, pe, pe->ne[0], pe->ne[1], pe->ne[2], pe->nb[1], pe->nb[2], offset * 0);  // [L, d_head/2, 2]
+        auto pe_1 = ggml_view_3d(ctx, pe, pe->ne[0], pe->ne[1], pe->ne[2], pe->nb[1], pe->nb[2], offset * 1);  // [L, d_head/2, 2]
+
+        auto x_out = ggml_add_inplace(ctx, ggml_mul(ctx, x_0, pe_0), ggml_mul(ctx, x_1, pe_1));  // [N * n_head, L, d_head/2, 2]
+        if (!rope_interleaved) {
+            x_out = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x_out, 1, 0, 2, 3));  // [N * n_head, L, x, d_head/2]
+        }
+        x_out = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, x_out, d_head, L, n_head * N);  // [N*n_head, L, d_head]
+        return x_out;
+    }
+
+    __STATIC_INLINE__ struct ggml_tensor* attention(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                                                    struct ggml_tensor* q,
+                                                    struct ggml_tensor* k,
+                                                    struct ggml_tensor* v,
+                                                    struct ggml_tensor* pe,
+                                                    struct ggml_tensor* mask,
+                                                    float kv_scale        = 1.0f,
+                                                    bool rope_interleaved = true) {
+        // q,k,v: [N, L, n_head, d_head]
+        // pe: [L, d_head/2, 2, 2]
+        // return: [N, L, n_head*d_head]
+        q = apply_rope(ctx->ggml_ctx, q, pe, rope_interleaved);  // [N*n_head, L, d_head]
+        k = apply_rope(ctx->ggml_ctx, k, pe, rope_interleaved);  // [N*n_head, L, d_head]
+
+        auto x = ggml_ext_attention_ext(ctx->ggml_ctx, ctx->backend, q, k, v, v->ne[1], mask, false, true, ctx->flash_attn_enabled, kv_scale);  // [N, L, n_head*d_head]
+        return x;
+    }
+};  // namespace Rope
 
 #endif  // __ROPE_HPP__

stable-diffusion.h

@@ -64,6 +64,16 @@ enum scheduler_t {
     SCHEDULE_COUNT
 };
 
+enum prediction_t {
+    DEFAULT_PRED,
+    EPS_PRED,
+    V_PRED,
+    EDM_V_PRED,
+    SD3_FLOW_PRED,
+    FLUX_FLOW_PRED,
+    PREDICTION_COUNT
+};
+
 // same as enum ggml_type
 enum sd_type_t {
     SD_TYPE_F32  = 0,
@@ -116,6 +126,14 @@ enum sd_log_level_t {
     SD_LOG_ERROR
 };
 
+enum preview_t {
+    PREVIEW_NONE,
+    PREVIEW_PROJ,
+    PREVIEW_TAE,
+    PREVIEW_VAE,
+    PREVIEW_COUNT
+};
+
 typedef struct {
     bool enabled;
     int tile_size_x;
@@ -131,6 +149,8 @@ typedef struct {
     const char* clip_g_path;
     const char* clip_vision_path;
     const char* t5xxl_path;
+    const char* qwen2vl_path;
+    const char* qwen2vl_vision_path;
     const char* diffusion_model_path;
     const char* high_noise_diffusion_model_path;
     const char* vae_path;
@@ -144,13 +164,16 @@ typedef struct {
     int n_threads;
     enum sd_type_t wtype;
     enum rng_type_t rng_type;
+    enum prediction_t prediction;
     bool offload_params_to_cpu;
     bool keep_clip_on_cpu;
     bool keep_control_net_on_cpu;
     bool keep_vae_on_cpu;
     bool diffusion_flash_attn;
+    bool tae_preview_only;
     bool diffusion_conv_direct;
     bool vae_conv_direct;
+    bool force_sdxl_vae_conv_scale;
     bool chroma_use_dit_mask;
     bool chroma_use_t5_mask;
     int chroma_t5_mask_pad;
@@ -202,6 +225,7 @@ typedef struct {
     sd_image_t init_image;
     sd_image_t* ref_images;
     int ref_images_count;
+    bool auto_resize_ref_image;
     bool increase_ref_index;
     sd_image_t mask_image;
     int width;
@@ -212,7 +236,6 @@ typedef struct {
     int batch_count;
     sd_image_t control_image;
     float control_strength;
-    bool normalize_input;
     sd_pm_params_t pm_params;
     sd_tiling_params_t vae_tiling_params;
 } sd_img_gen_params_t;
@@ -240,9 +263,11 @@ typedef struct sd_ctx_t sd_ctx_t;
 
 typedef void (*sd_log_cb_t)(enum sd_log_level_t level, const char* text, void* data);
 typedef void (*sd_progress_cb_t)(int step, int steps, float time, void* data);
+typedef void (*sd_preview_cb_t)(int step, int frame_count, sd_image_t* frames, bool is_noisy);
 
 SD_API void sd_set_log_callback(sd_log_cb_t sd_log_cb, void* data);
 SD_API void sd_set_progress_callback(sd_progress_cb_t cb, void* data);
+SD_API void sd_set_preview_callback(sd_preview_cb_t cb, enum preview_t mode, int interval, bool denoised, bool noisy);
 SD_API int32_t get_num_physical_cores();
 SD_API const char* sd_get_system_info();
 
@@ -254,6 +279,10 @@ SD_API const char* sd_sample_method_name(enum sample_method_t sample_method);
 SD_API enum sample_method_t str_to_sample_method(const char* str);
 SD_API const char* sd_schedule_name(enum scheduler_t scheduler);
 SD_API enum scheduler_t str_to_schedule(const char* str);
+SD_API const char* sd_prediction_name(enum prediction_t prediction);
+SD_API enum prediction_t str_to_prediction(const char* str);
+SD_API const char* sd_preview_name(enum preview_t preview);
+SD_API enum preview_t str_to_preview(const char* str);
 
 SD_API void sd_ctx_params_init(sd_ctx_params_t* sd_ctx_params);
 SD_API char* sd_ctx_params_to_str(const sd_ctx_params_t* sd_ctx_params);
@@ -284,6 +313,8 @@ SD_API sd_image_t upscale(upscaler_ctx_t* upscaler_ctx,
                           sd_image_t input_image,
                           uint32_t upscale_factor);
 
+SD_API int get_upscale_factor(upscaler_ctx_t* upscaler_ctx);
+
 SD_API bool convert(const char* input_path,
                     const char* vae_path,
                     const char* output_path,

t5.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef __T5_HPP__
 #define __T5_HPP__
 
-#include <float.h>
+#include <cfloat>
 #include <limits>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ protected:
     int64_t hidden_size;
     float eps;
 
-    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {}, const std::string prefix = "") {
+    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, const std::string prefix = "") override {
         enum ggml_type wtype = GGML_TYPE_F32;
         params["weight"]     = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, wtype, hidden_size);
     }
@@ -472,10 +472,10 @@ public:
         : hidden_size(hidden_size),
           eps(eps) {}
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) override {
         struct ggml_tensor* w = params["weight"];
-        x                     = ggml_rms_norm(ctx, x, eps);
-        x                     = ggml_mul(ctx, x, w);
+        x                     = ggml_rms_norm(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, eps);
+        x                     = ggml_mul(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, w);
         return x;
     }
 };
@@ -487,13 +487,13 @@ public:
         blocks["wo"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(ff_dim, model_dim, false));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) override {
         // x: [N, n_token, model_dim]
         auto wi = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["wi"]);
         auto wo = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["wo"]);
 
         x = wi->forward(ctx, x);
-        x = ggml_relu_inplace(ctx, x);
+        x = ggml_relu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, x);
         x = wo->forward(ctx, x);
         return x;
     }
@@ -504,18 +504,20 @@ public:
     T5DenseGatedActDense(int64_t model_dim, int64_t ff_dim) {
         blocks["wi_0"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(model_dim, ff_dim, false));
         blocks["wi_1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(model_dim, ff_dim, false));
-        blocks["wo"]   = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(ff_dim, model_dim, false));
+        float scale    = 1.f / 32.f;
+        // The purpose of the scale here is to prevent NaN issues on some backends(CUDA, ...).
+        blocks["wo"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(ff_dim, model_dim, false, false, false, scale));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) override {
         // x: [N, n_token, model_dim]
         auto wi_0 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["wi_0"]);
         auto wi_1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["wi_1"]);
         auto wo   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["wo"]);
 
-        auto hidden_gelu   = ggml_gelu_inplace(ctx, wi_0->forward(ctx, x));
+        auto hidden_gelu   = ggml_gelu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, wi_0->forward(ctx, x));
         auto hidden_linear = wi_1->forward(ctx, x);
-        x                  = ggml_mul_inplace(ctx, hidden_gelu, hidden_linear);
+        x                  = ggml_mul_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, hidden_gelu, hidden_linear);
         x                  = wo->forward(ctx, x);
         return x;
     }
@@ -528,14 +530,14 @@ public:
         blocks["layer_norm"]     = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new T5LayerNorm(model_dim));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) override {
         // x: [N, n_token, model_dim]
         auto DenseReluDense = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<T5DenseGatedActDense>(blocks["DenseReluDense"]);
         auto layer_norm     = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<T5LayerNorm>(blocks["layer_norm"]);
 
         auto forwarded_states = layer_norm->forward(ctx, x);
         forwarded_states      = DenseReluDense->forward(ctx, forwarded_states);
-        x                     = ggml_add_inplace(ctx, forwarded_states, x);
+        x                     = ggml_add_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, forwarded_states, x);
         return x;
     }
 };
@@ -567,22 +569,21 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* compute_bias(struct ggml_context* ctx,
+    struct ggml_tensor* compute_bias(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                      struct ggml_tensor* relative_position_bucket) {
         auto relative_attention_bias = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Embedding>(blocks["relative_attention_bias"]);
 
-        auto values = relative_attention_bias->forward(ctx, relative_position_bucket);  // shape (query_length, key_length, num_heads)
-        values      = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, values, 2, 0, 1, 3));            // shape (1, num_heads, query_length, key_length)
+        auto values = relative_attention_bias->forward(ctx, relative_position_bucket);            // shape (query_length, key_length, num_heads)
+        values      = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, values, 2, 0, 1, 3));  // shape (1, num_heads, query_length, key_length)
         return values;
     }
 
     // x: [N, n_token, model_dim]
-    std::pair<struct ggml_tensor*, struct ggml_tensor*> forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    std::pair<struct ggml_tensor*, struct ggml_tensor*> forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
-                                                                struct ggml_tensor* past_bias                = NULL,
-                                                                struct ggml_tensor* mask                     = NULL,
-                                                                struct ggml_tensor* relative_position_bucket = NULL) {
+                                                                struct ggml_tensor* past_bias                = nullptr,
+                                                                struct ggml_tensor* mask                     = nullptr,
+                                                                struct ggml_tensor* relative_position_bucket = nullptr) {
         auto q_proj   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["q"]);
         auto k_proj   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["k"]);
         auto v_proj   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["v"]);
@@ -595,21 +596,21 @@ public:
         auto k = k_proj->forward(ctx, x);
         auto v = v_proj->forward(ctx, x);
 
-        if (using_relative_attention_bias && relative_position_bucket != NULL) {
+        if (using_relative_attention_bias && relative_position_bucket != nullptr) {
             past_bias = compute_bias(ctx, relative_position_bucket);
         }
-        if (past_bias != NULL) {
-            if (mask != NULL) {
-                mask = ggml_repeat(ctx, mask, past_bias);
-                mask = ggml_add(ctx, mask, past_bias);
+        if (past_bias != nullptr) {
+            if (mask != nullptr) {
+                mask = ggml_repeat(ctx->ggml_ctx, mask, past_bias);
+                mask = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, mask, past_bias);
             } else {
                 mask = past_bias;
             }
         }
 
-        k = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, k, sqrt(d_head));
+        k = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, k, sqrt(d_head));
 
-        x = ggml_nn_attention_ext(ctx, backend, q, k, v, num_heads, mask);  // [N, n_token, d_head * n_head]
+        x = ggml_ext_attention_ext(ctx->ggml_ctx, ctx->backend, q, k, v, num_heads, mask);  // [N, n_token, d_head * n_head]
 
         x = out_proj->forward(ctx, x);  // [N, n_token, model_dim]
         return {x, past_bias};
@@ -627,22 +628,21 @@ public:
         blocks["layer_norm"]    = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new T5LayerNorm(model_dim));
     }
 
-    std::pair<struct ggml_tensor*, struct ggml_tensor*> forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    std::pair<struct ggml_tensor*, struct ggml_tensor*> forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
-                                                                struct ggml_tensor* past_bias                = NULL,
-                                                                struct ggml_tensor* mask                     = NULL,
-                                                                struct ggml_tensor* relative_position_bucket = NULL) {
+                                                                struct ggml_tensor* past_bias                = nullptr,
+                                                                struct ggml_tensor* mask                     = nullptr,
+                                                                struct ggml_tensor* relative_position_bucket = nullptr) {
         // x: [N, n_token, model_dim]
         auto SelfAttention = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<T5Attention>(blocks["SelfAttention"]);
         auto layer_norm    = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<T5LayerNorm>(blocks["layer_norm"]);
 
         auto normed_hidden_state = layer_norm->forward(ctx, x);
-        auto ret                 = SelfAttention->forward(ctx, backend, normed_hidden_state, past_bias, mask, relative_position_bucket);
+        auto ret                 = SelfAttention->forward(ctx, normed_hidden_state, past_bias, mask, relative_position_bucket);
         auto output              = ret.first;
         past_bias                = ret.second;
 
-        x = ggml_add_inplace(ctx, output, x);
+        x = ggml_add_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, output, x);
         return {x, past_bias};
     }
 };
@@ -654,17 +654,16 @@ public:
         blocks["layer.1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new T5LayerFF(model_dim, ff_dim));
     }
 
-    std::pair<struct ggml_tensor*, struct ggml_tensor*> forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    std::pair<struct ggml_tensor*, struct ggml_tensor*> forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
-                                                                struct ggml_tensor* past_bias                = NULL,
-                                                                struct ggml_tensor* mask                     = NULL,
-                                                                struct ggml_tensor* relative_position_bucket = NULL) {
+                                                                struct ggml_tensor* past_bias                = nullptr,
+                                                                struct ggml_tensor* mask                     = nullptr,
+                                                                struct ggml_tensor* relative_position_bucket = nullptr) {
         // x: [N, n_token, model_dim]
         auto layer_0 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<T5LayerSelfAttention>(blocks["layer.0"]);
         auto layer_1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<T5LayerFF>(blocks["layer.1"]);
 
-        auto ret  = layer_0->forward(ctx, backend, x, past_bias, mask, relative_position_bucket);
+        auto ret  = layer_0->forward(ctx, x, past_bias, mask, relative_position_bucket);
         x         = ret.first;
         past_bias = ret.second;
         x         = layer_1->forward(ctx, x);
@@ -690,17 +689,16 @@ public:
         blocks["final_layer_norm"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new T5LayerNorm(model_dim));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
-                                struct ggml_tensor* past_bias                = NULL,
-                                struct ggml_tensor* attention_mask           = NULL,
-                                struct ggml_tensor* relative_position_bucket = NULL) {
+                                struct ggml_tensor* past_bias                = nullptr,
+                                struct ggml_tensor* attention_mask           = nullptr,
+                                struct ggml_tensor* relative_position_bucket = nullptr) {
         // x: [N, n_token, model_dim]
         for (int i = 0; i < num_layers; i++) {
             auto block = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<T5Block>(blocks["block." + std::to_string(i)]);
 
-            auto ret  = block->forward(ctx, backend, x, past_bias, attention_mask, relative_position_bucket);
+            auto ret  = block->forward(ctx, x, past_bias, attention_mask, relative_position_bucket);
             x         = ret.first;
             past_bias = ret.second;
         }
@@ -738,19 +736,18 @@ public:
                                                                      params.model_dim));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* input_ids,
-                                struct ggml_tensor* past_bias                = NULL,
-                                struct ggml_tensor* attention_mask           = NULL,
-                                struct ggml_tensor* relative_position_bucket = NULL) {
+                                struct ggml_tensor* past_bias                = nullptr,
+                                struct ggml_tensor* attention_mask           = nullptr,
+                                struct ggml_tensor* relative_position_bucket = nullptr) {
         // input_ids: [N, n_token]
 
         auto shared  = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Embedding>(blocks["shared"]);
         auto encoder = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<T5Stack>(blocks["encoder"]);
 
         auto x = shared->forward(ctx, input_ids);
-        x      = encoder->forward(ctx, backend, x, past_bias, attention_mask, relative_position_bucket);
+        x      = encoder->forward(ctx, x, past_bias, attention_mask, relative_position_bucket);
         return x;
     }
 };
@@ -762,7 +759,7 @@ struct T5Runner : public GGMLRunner {
 
     T5Runner(ggml_backend_t backend,
              bool offload_params_to_cpu,
-             const String2GGMLType& tensor_types,
+             const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map,
              const std::string prefix,
              bool is_umt5 = false)
         : GGMLRunner(backend, offload_params_to_cpu) {
@@ -771,10 +768,10 @@ struct T5Runner : public GGMLRunner {
             params.relative_attention = false;
         }
         model = T5(params);
-        model.init(params_ctx, tensor_types, prefix);
+        model.init(params_ctx, tensor_storage_map, prefix);
     }
 
-    std::string get_desc() {
+    std::string get_desc() override {
         return "t5";
     }
 
@@ -782,20 +779,19 @@ struct T5Runner : public GGMLRunner {
         model.get_param_tensors(tensors, prefix);
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* input_ids,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* relative_position_bucket,
-                                struct ggml_tensor* attention_mask = NULL) {
+                                struct ggml_tensor* attention_mask = nullptr) {
         size_t N       = input_ids->ne[1];
         size_t n_token = input_ids->ne[0];
 
-        auto hidden_states = model.forward(ctx, backend, input_ids, NULL, attention_mask, relative_position_bucket);  // [N, n_token, model_dim]
+        auto hidden_states = model.forward(ctx, input_ids, nullptr, attention_mask, relative_position_bucket);  // [N, n_token, model_dim]
         return hidden_states;
     }
 
     struct ggml_cgraph* build_graph(struct ggml_tensor* input_ids,
-                                    struct ggml_tensor* attention_mask = NULL) {
+                                    struct ggml_tensor* attention_mask = nullptr) {
         struct ggml_cgraph* gf = ggml_new_graph(compute_ctx);
 
         input_ids      = to_backend(input_ids);
@@ -816,7 +812,8 @@ struct T5Runner : public GGMLRunner {
                                                            input_ids->ne[0]);
         set_backend_tensor_data(relative_position_bucket, relative_position_bucket_vec.data());
 
-        struct ggml_tensor* hidden_states = forward(compute_ctx, runtime_backend, input_ids, relative_position_bucket, attention_mask);
+        auto runner_ctx                   = get_context();
+        struct ggml_tensor* hidden_states = forward(&runner_ctx, input_ids, relative_position_bucket, attention_mask);
 
         ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, hidden_states);
 
@@ -827,7 +824,7 @@ struct T5Runner : public GGMLRunner {
                  struct ggml_tensor* input_ids,
                  struct ggml_tensor* attention_mask,
                  ggml_tensor** output,
-                 ggml_context* output_ctx = NULL) {
+                 ggml_context* output_ctx = nullptr) {
         auto get_graph = [&]() -> struct ggml_cgraph* {
             return build_graph(input_ids, attention_mask);
         };
@@ -908,10 +905,10 @@ struct T5Embedder {
 
     T5Embedder(ggml_backend_t backend,
                bool offload_params_to_cpu,
-               const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {},
-               const std::string prefix            = "",
-               bool is_umt5                        = false)
-        : model(backend, offload_params_to_cpu, tensor_types, prefix, is_umt5), tokenizer(is_umt5) {
+               const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {},
+               const std::string prefix                       = "",
+               bool is_umt5                                   = false)
+        : model(backend, offload_params_to_cpu, tensor_storage_map, prefix, is_umt5), tokenizer(is_umt5) {
     }
 
     void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors, const std::string prefix) {
@@ -966,11 +963,11 @@ struct T5Embedder {
     void test() {
         struct ggml_init_params params;
         params.mem_size   = static_cast<size_t>(10 * 1024 * 1024);  // 10 MB
-        params.mem_buffer = NULL;
+        params.mem_buffer = nullptr;
         params.no_alloc   = false;
 
         struct ggml_context* work_ctx = ggml_init(params);
-        GGML_ASSERT(work_ctx != NULL);
+        GGML_ASSERT(work_ctx != nullptr);
 
         {
             std::string text("a lovely cat");
@@ -985,7 +982,7 @@ struct T5Embedder {
             printf("\n");
             auto input_ids          = vector_to_ggml_tensor_i32(work_ctx, tokens);
             auto attention_mask     = vector_to_ggml_tensor(work_ctx, masks);
-            struct ggml_tensor* out = NULL;
+            struct ggml_tensor* out = nullptr;
 
             int t0 = ggml_time_ms();
             model.compute(8, input_ids, attention_mask, &out, work_ctx);
@@ -1007,20 +1004,19 @@ struct T5Embedder {
         ggml_type model_data_type = GGML_TYPE_F16;
 
         ModelLoader model_loader;
-        if (!model_loader.init_from_file(file_path)) {
+        if (!model_loader.init_from_file_and_convert_name(file_path)) {
             LOG_ERROR("init model loader from file failed: '%s'", file_path.c_str());
             return;
         }
 
-        auto tensor_types = model_loader.tensor_storages_types;
-        for (auto& item : tensor_types) {
-            // LOG_DEBUG("%s %u", item.first.c_str(), item.second);
-            if (ends_with(item.first, "weight")) {
-                item.second = model_data_type;
+        auto& tensor_storage_map = model_loader.get_tensor_storage_map();
+        for (auto& [name, tensor_storage] : tensor_storage_map) {
+            if (ends_with(name, "weight")) {
+                tensor_storage.expected_type = model_data_type;
             }
         }
 
-        std::shared_ptr<T5Embedder> t5 = std::shared_ptr<T5Embedder>(new T5Embedder(backend, false, tensor_types, "", true));
+        std::shared_ptr<T5Embedder> t5 = std::make_shared<T5Embedder>(backend, false, tensor_storage_map, "", true);
 
         t5->alloc_params_buffer();
         std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor*> tensors;

tae.hpp

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) override {
         // x: [n, n_in, h, w]
         // return: [n, n_out, h, w]
 
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ public:
         auto conv_4 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["conv.4"]);
 
         auto h = conv_0->forward(ctx, x);
-        h      = ggml_relu_inplace(ctx, h);
+        h      = ggml_relu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, h);
         h      = conv_2->forward(ctx, h);
-        h      = ggml_relu_inplace(ctx, h);
+        h      = ggml_relu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, h);
         h      = conv_4->forward(ctx, h);
 
         if (n_in != n_out) {
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ public:
             x = skip->forward(ctx, x);
         }
 
-        h = ggml_add(ctx, h, x);
-        h = ggml_relu_inplace(ctx, h);
+        h = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, h, x);
+        h = ggml_relu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, h);
         return h;
     }
 };
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public:
         blocks[std::to_string(index++)] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(channels, z_channels, {3, 3}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) override {
         // x: [n, in_channels, h, w]
         // return: [n, z_channels, h/8, w/8]
 
@@ -136,20 +136,20 @@ public:
         blocks[std::to_string(index++)] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(channels, out_channels, {3, 3}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* z) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* z) override {
         // z: [n, z_channels, h, w]
         // return: [n, out_channels, h*8, w*8]
 
-        auto h = ggml_scale(ctx, z, 1.0f / 3.0f);
-        h      = ggml_tanh_inplace(ctx, h);
-        h      = ggml_scale(ctx, h, 3.0f);
+        auto h = ggml_scale(ctx->ggml_ctx, z, 1.0f / 3.0f);
+        h      = ggml_tanh_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, h);
+        h      = ggml_scale(ctx->ggml_ctx, h, 3.0f);
 
         for (int i = 0; i < num_blocks * 3 + 10; i++) {
             if (blocks.find(std::to_string(i)) == blocks.end()) {
                 if (i == 1) {
-                    h = ggml_relu_inplace(ctx, h);
+                    h = ggml_relu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, h);
                 } else {
-                    h = ggml_upscale(ctx, h, 2, GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST);
+                    h = ggml_upscale(ctx->ggml_ctx, h, 2, GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST);
                 }
                 continue;
             }
@@ -180,12 +180,12 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* decode(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* z) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* decode(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* z) {
         auto decoder = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<TinyDecoder>(blocks["decoder.layers"]);
         return decoder->forward(ctx, z);
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* encode(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* encode(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         auto encoder = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<TinyEncoder>(blocks["encoder.layers"]);
         return encoder->forward(ctx, x);
     }
@@ -197,32 +197,21 @@ struct TinyAutoEncoder : public GGMLRunner {
 
     TinyAutoEncoder(ggml_backend_t backend,
                     bool offload_params_to_cpu,
-                    const String2GGMLType& tensor_types,
+                    const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map,
                     const std::string prefix,
                     bool decoder_only = true,
                     SDVersion version = VERSION_SD1)
         : decode_only(decoder_only),
           taesd(decoder_only, version),
           GGMLRunner(backend, offload_params_to_cpu) {
-        taesd.init(params_ctx, tensor_types, prefix);
+        taesd.init(params_ctx, tensor_storage_map, prefix);
     }
 
-    void enable_conv2d_direct() {
-        std::vector<GGMLBlock*> blocks;
-        taesd.get_all_blocks(blocks);
-        for (auto block : blocks) {
-            if (block->get_desc() == "Conv2d") {
-                auto conv_block = (Conv2d*)block;
-                conv_block->enable_direct();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    std::string get_desc() {
+    std::string get_desc() override {
         return "taesd";
     }
 
-    bool load_from_file(const std::string& file_path) {
+    bool load_from_file(const std::string& file_path, int n_threads) {
         LOG_INFO("loading taesd from '%s', decode_only = %s", file_path.c_str(), decode_only ? "true" : "false");
         alloc_params_buffer();
         std::map<std::string, ggml_tensor*> taesd_tensors;
@@ -233,12 +222,12 @@ struct TinyAutoEncoder : public GGMLRunner {
         }
 
         ModelLoader model_loader;
-        if (!model_loader.init_from_file(file_path)) {
+        if (!model_loader.init_from_file_and_convert_name(file_path)) {
             LOG_ERROR("init taesd model loader from file failed: '%s'", file_path.c_str());
             return false;
         }
 
-        bool success = model_loader.load_tensors(taesd_tensors, ignore_tensors);
+        bool success = model_loader.load_tensors(taesd_tensors, ignore_tensors, n_threads);
 
         if (!success) {
             LOG_ERROR("load tae tensors from model loader failed");
@@ -252,7 +241,8 @@ struct TinyAutoEncoder : public GGMLRunner {
     struct ggml_cgraph* build_graph(struct ggml_tensor* z, bool decode_graph) {
         struct ggml_cgraph* gf  = ggml_new_graph(compute_ctx);
         z                       = to_backend(z);
-        struct ggml_tensor* out = decode_graph ? taesd.decode(compute_ctx, z) : taesd.encode(compute_ctx, z);
+        auto runner_ctx         = get_context();
+        struct ggml_tensor* out = decode_graph ? taesd.decode(&runner_ctx, z) : taesd.encode(&runner_ctx, z);
         ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, out);
         return gf;
     }
@@ -261,7 +251,7 @@ struct TinyAutoEncoder : public GGMLRunner {
                  struct ggml_tensor* z,
                  bool decode_graph,
                  struct ggml_tensor** output,
-                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = NULL) {
+                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = nullptr) {
         auto get_graph = [&]() -> struct ggml_cgraph* {
             return build_graph(z, decode_graph);
         };

tokenize_util.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,985 @@
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "tokenize_util.h"
+
+bool is_number(char32_t ch) {
+    return (ch >= U'0' && ch <= U'9');
+}
+
+bool is_letter(char32_t ch) {
+    static const struct { char32_t start, end; } ranges[] = {
+        {0x41, 0x5A},
+        {0x61, 0x7A},
+        {0xAA, 0xAA},
+        {0xB5, 0xB5},
+        {0xBA, 0xBA},
+        {0xC0, 0xD6},
+        {0xD8, 0xF6},
+        {0xF8, 0x2C1},
+        {0x2C6, 0x2D1},
+        {0x2E0, 0x2E4},
+        {0x2EC, 0x2EC},
+        {0x2EE, 0x2EE},
+        {0x370, 0x374},
+        {0x376, 0x377},
+        {0x37A, 0x37D},
+        {0x37F, 0x37F},
+        {0x386, 0x386},
+        {0x388, 0x38A},
+        {0x38C, 0x38C},
+        {0x38E, 0x3A1},
+        {0x3A3, 0x3F5},
+        {0x3F7, 0x481},
+        {0x48A, 0x52F},
+        {0x531, 0x556},
+        {0x559, 0x559},
+        {0x560, 0x588},
+        {0x5D0, 0x5EA},
+        {0x5EF, 0x5F2},
+        {0x620, 0x64A},
+        {0x66E, 0x66F},
+        {0x671, 0x6D3},
+        {0x6D5, 0x6D5},
+        {0x6E5, 0x6E6},
+        {0x6EE, 0x6EF},
+        {0x6FA, 0x6FC},
+        {0x6FF, 0x6FF},
+        {0x710, 0x710},
+        {0x712, 0x72F},
+        {0x74D, 0x7A5},
+        {0x7B1, 0x7B1},
+        {0x7CA, 0x7EA},
+        {0x7F4, 0x7F5},
+        {0x7FA, 0x7FA},
+        {0x800, 0x815},
+        {0x81A, 0x81A},
+        {0x824, 0x824},
+        {0x828, 0x828},
+        {0x840, 0x858},
+        {0x860, 0x86A},
+        {0x870, 0x887},
+        {0x889, 0x88F},
+        {0x8A0, 0x8C9},
+        {0x904, 0x939},
+        {0x93D, 0x93D},
+        {0x950, 0x950},
+        {0x958, 0x961},
+        {0x971, 0x980},
+        {0x985, 0x98C},
+        {0x98F, 0x990},
+        {0x993, 0x9A8},
+        {0x9AA, 0x9B0},
+        {0x9B2, 0x9B2},
+        {0x9B6, 0x9B9},
+        {0x9BD, 0x9BD},
+        {0x9CE, 0x9CE},
+        {0x9DC, 0x9DD},
+        {0x9DF, 0x9E1},
+        {0x9F0, 0x9F1},
+        {0x9FC, 0x9FC},
+        {0xA05, 0xA0A},
+        {0xA0F, 0xA10},
+        {0xA13, 0xA28},
+        {0xA2A, 0xA30},
+        {0xA32, 0xA33},
+        {0xA35, 0xA36},
+        {0xA38, 0xA39},
+        {0xA59, 0xA5C},
+        {0xA5E, 0xA5E},
+        {0xA72, 0xA74},
+        {0xA85, 0xA8D},
+        {0xA8F, 0xA91},
+        {0xA93, 0xAA8},
+        {0xAAA, 0xAB0},
+        {0xAB2, 0xAB3},
+        {0xAB5, 0xAB9},
+        {0xABD, 0xABD},
+        {0xAD0, 0xAD0},
+        {0xAE0, 0xAE1},
+        {0xAF9, 0xAF9},
+        {0xB05, 0xB0C},
+        {0xB0F, 0xB10},
+        {0xB13, 0xB28},
+        {0xB2A, 0xB30},
+        {0xB32, 0xB33},
+        {0xB35, 0xB39},
+        {0xB3D, 0xB3D},
+        {0xB5C, 0xB5D},
+        {0xB5F, 0xB61},
+        {0xB71, 0xB71},
+        {0xB83, 0xB83},
+        {0xB85, 0xB8A},
+        {0xB8E, 0xB90},
+        {0xB92, 0xB95},
+        {0xB99, 0xB9A},
+        {0xB9C, 0xB9C},
+        {0xB9E, 0xB9F},
+        {0xBA3, 0xBA4},
+        {0xBA8, 0xBAA},
+        {0xBAE, 0xBB9},
+        {0xBD0, 0xBD0},
+        {0xC05, 0xC0C},
+        {0xC0E, 0xC10},
+        {0xC12, 0xC28},
+        {0xC2A, 0xC39},
+        {0xC3D, 0xC3D},
+        {0xC58, 0xC5A},
+        {0xC5C, 0xC5D},
+        {0xC60, 0xC61},
+        {0xC80, 0xC80},
+        {0xC85, 0xC8C},
+        {0xC8E, 0xC90},
+        {0xC92, 0xCA8},
+        {0xCAA, 0xCB3},
+        {0xCB5, 0xCB9},
+        {0xCBD, 0xCBD},
+        {0xCDC, 0xCDE},
+        {0xCE0, 0xCE1},
+        {0xCF1, 0xCF2},
+        {0xD04, 0xD0C},
+        {0xD0E, 0xD10},
+        {0xD12, 0xD3A},
+        {0xD3D, 0xD3D},
+        {0xD4E, 0xD4E},
+        {0xD54, 0xD56},
+        {0xD5F, 0xD61},
+        {0xD7A, 0xD7F},
+        {0xD85, 0xD96},
+        {0xD9A, 0xDB1},
+        {0xDB3, 0xDBB},
+        {0xDBD, 0xDBD},
+        {0xDC0, 0xDC6},
+        {0xE01, 0xE30},
+        {0xE32, 0xE33},
+        {0xE40, 0xE46},
+        {0xE81, 0xE82},
+        {0xE84, 0xE84},
+        {0xE86, 0xE8A},
+        {0xE8C, 0xEA3},
+        {0xEA5, 0xEA5},
+        {0xEA7, 0xEB0},
+        {0xEB2, 0xEB3},
+        {0xEBD, 0xEBD},
+        {0xEC0, 0xEC4},
+        {0xEC6, 0xEC6},
+        {0xEDC, 0xEDF},
+        {0xF00, 0xF00},
+        {0xF40, 0xF47},
+        {0xF49, 0xF6C},
+        {0xF88, 0xF8C},
+        {0x1000, 0x102A},
+        {0x103F, 0x103F},
+        {0x1050, 0x1055},
+        {0x105A, 0x105D},
+        {0x1061, 0x1061},
+        {0x1065, 0x1066},
+        {0x106E, 0x1070},
+        {0x1075, 0x1081},
+        {0x108E, 0x108E},
+        {0x10A0, 0x10C5},
+        {0x10C7, 0x10C7},
+        {0x10CD, 0x10CD},
+        {0x10D0, 0x10FA},
+        {0x10FC, 0x1248},
+        {0x124A, 0x124D},
+        {0x1250, 0x1256},
+        {0x1258, 0x1258},
+        {0x125A, 0x125D},
+        {0x1260, 0x1288},
+        {0x128A, 0x128D},
+        {0x1290, 0x12B0},
+        {0x12B2, 0x12B5},
+        {0x12B8, 0x12BE},
+        {0x12C0, 0x12C0},
+        {0x12C2, 0x12C5},
+        {0x12C8, 0x12D6},
+        {0x12D8, 0x1310},
+        {0x1312, 0x1315},
+        {0x1318, 0x135A},
+        {0x1380, 0x138F},
+        {0x13A0, 0x13F5},
+        {0x13F8, 0x13FD},
+        {0x1401, 0x166C},
+        {0x166F, 0x167F},
+        {0x1681, 0x169A},
+        {0x16A0, 0x16EA},
+        {0x16F1, 0x16F8},
+        {0x1700, 0x1711},
+        {0x171F, 0x1731},
+        {0x1740, 0x1751},
+        {0x1760, 0x176C},
+        {0x176E, 0x1770},
+        {0x1780, 0x17B3},
+        {0x17D7, 0x17D7},
+        {0x17DC, 0x17DC},
+        {0x1820, 0x1878},
+        {0x1880, 0x1884},
+        {0x1887, 0x18A8},
+        {0x18AA, 0x18AA},
+        {0x18B0, 0x18F5},
+        {0x1900, 0x191E},
+        {0x1950, 0x196D},
+        {0x1970, 0x1974},
+        {0x1980, 0x19AB},
+        {0x19B0, 0x19C9},
+        {0x1A00, 0x1A16},
+        {0x1A20, 0x1A54},
+        {0x1AA7, 0x1AA7},
+        {0x1B05, 0x1B33},
+        {0x1B45, 0x1B4C},
+        {0x1B83, 0x1BA0},
+        {0x1BAE, 0x1BAF},
+        {0x1BBA, 0x1BE5},
+        {0x1C00, 0x1C23},
+        {0x1C4D, 0x1C4F},
+        {0x1C5A, 0x1C7D},
+        {0x1C80, 0x1C8A},
+        {0x1C90, 0x1CBA},
+        {0x1CBD, 0x1CBF},
+        {0x1CE9, 0x1CEC},
+        {0x1CEE, 0x1CF3},
+        {0x1CF5, 0x1CF6},
+        {0x1CFA, 0x1CFA},
+        {0x1D00, 0x1DBF},
+        {0x1E00, 0x1F15},
+        {0x1F18, 0x1F1D},
+        {0x1F20, 0x1F45},
+        {0x1F48, 0x1F4D},
+        {0x1F50, 0x1F57},
+        {0x1F59, 0x1F59},
+        {0x1F5B, 0x1F5B},
+        {0x1F5D, 0x1F5D},
+        {0x1F5F, 0x1F7D},
+        {0x1F80, 0x1FB4},
+        {0x1FB6, 0x1FBC},
+        {0x1FBE, 0x1FBE},
+        {0x1FC2, 0x1FC4},
+        {0x1FC6, 0x1FCC},
+        {0x1FD0, 0x1FD3},
+        {0x1FD6, 0x1FDB},
+        {0x1FE0, 0x1FEC},
+        {0x1FF2, 0x1FF4},
+        {0x1FF6, 0x1FFC},
+        {0x2071, 0x2071},
+        {0x207F, 0x207F},
+        {0x2090, 0x209C},
+        {0x2102, 0x2102},
+        {0x2107, 0x2107},
+        {0x210A, 0x2113},
+        {0x2115, 0x2115},
+        {0x2119, 0x211D},
+        {0x2124, 0x2124},
+        {0x2126, 0x2126},
+        {0x2128, 0x2128},
+        {0x212A, 0x212D},
+        {0x212F, 0x2139},
+        {0x213C, 0x213F},
+        {0x2145, 0x2149},
+        {0x214E, 0x214E},
+        {0x2183, 0x2184},
+        {0x2C00, 0x2CE4},
+        {0x2CEB, 0x2CEE},
+        {0x2CF2, 0x2CF3},
+        {0x2D00, 0x2D25},
+        {0x2D27, 0x2D27},
+        {0x2D2D, 0x2D2D},
+        {0x2D30, 0x2D67},
+        {0x2D6F, 0x2D6F},
+        {0x2D80, 0x2D96},
+        {0x2DA0, 0x2DA6},
+        {0x2DA8, 0x2DAE},
+        {0x2DB0, 0x2DB6},
+        {0x2DB8, 0x2DBE},
+        {0x2DC0, 0x2DC6},
+        {0x2DC8, 0x2DCE},
+        {0x2DD0, 0x2DD6},
+        {0x2DD8, 0x2DDE},
+        {0x2E2F, 0x2E2F},
+        {0x3005, 0x3006},
+        {0x3031, 0x3035},
+        {0x303B, 0x303C},
+        {0x3041, 0x3096},
+        {0x309D, 0x309F},
+        {0x30A1, 0x30FA},
+        {0x30FC, 0x30FF},
+        {0x3105, 0x312F},
+        {0x3131, 0x318E},
+        {0x31A0, 0x31BF},
+        {0x31F0, 0x31FF},
+        {0x3400, 0x4DBF},
+        {0x4E00, 0xA48C},
+        {0xA4D0, 0xA4FD},
+        {0xA500, 0xA60C},
+        {0xA610, 0xA61F},
+        {0xA62A, 0xA62B},
+        {0xA640, 0xA66E},
+        {0xA67F, 0xA69D},
+        {0xA6A0, 0xA6E5},
+        {0xA717, 0xA71F},
+        {0xA722, 0xA788},
+        {0xA78B, 0xA7DC},
+        {0xA7F1, 0xA801},
+        {0xA803, 0xA805},
+        {0xA807, 0xA80A},
+        {0xA80C, 0xA822},
+        {0xA840, 0xA873},
+        {0xA882, 0xA8B3},
+        {0xA8F2, 0xA8F7},
+        {0xA8FB, 0xA8FB},
+        {0xA8FD, 0xA8FE},
+        {0xA90A, 0xA925},
+        {0xA930, 0xA946},
+        {0xA960, 0xA97C},
+        {0xA984, 0xA9B2},
+        {0xA9CF, 0xA9CF},
+        {0xA9E0, 0xA9E4},
+        {0xA9E6, 0xA9EF},
+        {0xA9FA, 0xA9FE},
+        {0xAA00, 0xAA28},
+        {0xAA40, 0xAA42},
+        {0xAA44, 0xAA4B},
+        {0xAA60, 0xAA76},
+        {0xAA7A, 0xAA7A},
+        {0xAA7E, 0xAAAF},
+        {0xAAB1, 0xAAB1},
+        {0xAAB5, 0xAAB6},
+        {0xAAB9, 0xAABD},
+        {0xAAC0, 0xAAC0},
+        {0xAAC2, 0xAAC2},
+        {0xAADB, 0xAADD},
+        {0xAAE0, 0xAAEA},
+        {0xAAF2, 0xAAF4},
+        {0xAB01, 0xAB06},
+        {0xAB09, 0xAB0E},
+        {0xAB11, 0xAB16},
+        {0xAB20, 0xAB26},
+        {0xAB28, 0xAB2E},
+        {0xAB30, 0xAB5A},
+        {0xAB5C, 0xAB69},
+        {0xAB70, 0xABE2},
+        {0xAC00, 0xD7A3},
+        {0xD7B0, 0xD7C6},
+        {0xD7CB, 0xD7FB},
+        {0xF900, 0xFA6D},
+        {0xFA70, 0xFAD9},
+        {0xFB00, 0xFB06},
+        {0xFB13, 0xFB17},
+        {0xFB1D, 0xFB1D},
+        {0xFB1F, 0xFB28},
+        {0xFB2A, 0xFB36},
+        {0xFB38, 0xFB3C},
+        {0xFB3E, 0xFB3E},
+        {0xFB40, 0xFB41},
+        {0xFB43, 0xFB44},
+        {0xFB46, 0xFBB1},
+        {0xFBD3, 0xFD3D},
+        {0xFD50, 0xFD8F},
+        {0xFD92, 0xFDC7},
+        {0xFDF0, 0xFDFB},
+        {0xFE70, 0xFE74},
+        {0xFE76, 0xFEFC},
+        {0xFF21, 0xFF3A},
+        {0xFF41, 0xFF5A},
+        {0xFF66, 0xFFBE},
+        {0xFFC2, 0xFFC7},
+        {0xFFCA, 0xFFCF},
+        {0xFFD2, 0xFFD7},
+        {0xFFDA, 0xFFDC},
+        {0x10000, 0x1000B},
+        {0x1000D, 0x10026},
+        {0x10028, 0x1003A},
+        {0x1003C, 0x1003D},
+        {0x1003F, 0x1004D},
+        {0x10050, 0x1005D},
+        {0x10080, 0x100FA},
+        {0x10280, 0x1029C},
+        {0x102A0, 0x102D0},
+        {0x10300, 0x1031F},
+        {0x1032D, 0x10340},
+        {0x10342, 0x10349},
+        {0x10350, 0x10375},
+        {0x10380, 0x1039D},
+        {0x103A0, 0x103C3},
+        {0x103C8, 0x103CF},
+        {0x10400, 0x1049D},
+        {0x104B0, 0x104D3},
+        {0x104D8, 0x104FB},
+        {0x10500, 0x10527},
+        {0x10530, 0x10563},
+        {0x10570, 0x1057A},
+        {0x1057C, 0x1058A},
+        {0x1058C, 0x10592},
+        {0x10594, 0x10595},
+        {0x10597, 0x105A1},
+        {0x105A3, 0x105B1},
+        {0x105B3, 0x105B9},
+        {0x105BB, 0x105BC},
+        {0x105C0, 0x105F3},
+        {0x10600, 0x10736},
+        {0x10740, 0x10755},
+        {0x10760, 0x10767},
+        {0x10780, 0x10785},
+        {0x10787, 0x107B0},
+        {0x107B2, 0x107BA},
+        {0x10800, 0x10805},
+        {0x10808, 0x10808},
+        {0x1080A, 0x10835},
+        {0x10837, 0x10838},
+        {0x1083C, 0x1083C},
+        {0x1083F, 0x10855},
+        {0x10860, 0x10876},
+        {0x10880, 0x1089E},
+        {0x108E0, 0x108F2},
+        {0x108F4, 0x108F5},
+        {0x10900, 0x10915},
+        {0x10920, 0x10939},
+        {0x10940, 0x10959},
+        {0x10980, 0x109B7},
+        {0x109BE, 0x109BF},
+        {0x10A00, 0x10A00},
+        {0x10A10, 0x10A13},
+        {0x10A15, 0x10A17},
+        {0x10A19, 0x10A35},
+        {0x10A60, 0x10A7C},
+        {0x10A80, 0x10A9C},
+        {0x10AC0, 0x10AC7},
+        {0x10AC9, 0x10AE4},
+        {0x10B00, 0x10B35},
+        {0x10B40, 0x10B55},
+        {0x10B60, 0x10B72},
+        {0x10B80, 0x10B91},
+        {0x10C00, 0x10C48},
+        {0x10C80, 0x10CB2},
+        {0x10CC0, 0x10CF2},
+        {0x10D00, 0x10D23},
+        {0x10D4A, 0x10D65},
+        {0x10D6F, 0x10D85},
+        {0x10E80, 0x10EA9},
+        {0x10EB0, 0x10EB1},
+        {0x10EC2, 0x10EC7},
+        {0x10F00, 0x10F1C},
+        {0x10F27, 0x10F27},
+        {0x10F30, 0x10F45},
+        {0x10F70, 0x10F81},
+        {0x10FB0, 0x10FC4},
+        {0x10FE0, 0x10FF6},
+        {0x11003, 0x11037},
+        {0x11071, 0x11072},
+        {0x11075, 0x11075},
+        {0x11083, 0x110AF},
+        {0x110D0, 0x110E8},
+        {0x11103, 0x11126},
+        {0x11144, 0x11144},
+        {0x11147, 0x11147},
+        {0x11150, 0x11172},
+        {0x11176, 0x11176},
+        {0x11183, 0x111B2},
+        {0x111C1, 0x111C4},
+        {0x111DA, 0x111DA},
+        {0x111DC, 0x111DC},
+        {0x11200, 0x11211},
+        {0x11213, 0x1122B},
+        {0x1123F, 0x11240},
+        {0x11280, 0x11286},
+        {0x11288, 0x11288},
+        {0x1128A, 0x1128D},
+        {0x1128F, 0x1129D},
+        {0x1129F, 0x112A8},
+        {0x112B0, 0x112DE},
+        {0x11305, 0x1130C},
+        {0x1130F, 0x11310},
+        {0x11313, 0x11328},
+        {0x1132A, 0x11330},
+        {0x11332, 0x11333},
+        {0x11335, 0x11339},
+        {0x1133D, 0x1133D},
+        {0x11350, 0x11350},
+        {0x1135D, 0x11361},
+        {0x11380, 0x11389},
+        {0x1138B, 0x1138B},
+        {0x1138E, 0x1138E},
+        {0x11390, 0x113B5},
+        {0x113B7, 0x113B7},
+        {0x113D1, 0x113D1},
+        {0x113D3, 0x113D3},
+        {0x11400, 0x11434},
+        {0x11447, 0x1144A},
+        {0x1145F, 0x11461},
+        {0x11480, 0x114AF},
+        {0x114C4, 0x114C5},
+        {0x114C7, 0x114C7},
+        {0x11580, 0x115AE},
+        {0x115D8, 0x115DB},
+        {0x11600, 0x1162F},
+        {0x11644, 0x11644},
+        {0x11680, 0x116AA},
+        {0x116B8, 0x116B8},
+        {0x11700, 0x1171A},
+        {0x11740, 0x11746},
+        {0x11800, 0x1182B},
+        {0x118A0, 0x118DF},
+        {0x118FF, 0x11906},
+        {0x11909, 0x11909},
+        {0x1190C, 0x11913},
+        {0x11915, 0x11916},
+        {0x11918, 0x1192F},
+        {0x1193F, 0x1193F},
+        {0x11941, 0x11941},
+        {0x119A0, 0x119A7},
+        {0x119AA, 0x119D0},
+        {0x119E1, 0x119E1},
+        {0x119E3, 0x119E3},
+        {0x11A00, 0x11A00},
+        {0x11A0B, 0x11A32},
+        {0x11A3A, 0x11A3A},
+        {0x11A50, 0x11A50},
+        {0x11A5C, 0x11A89},
+        {0x11A9D, 0x11A9D},
+        {0x11AB0, 0x11AF8},
+        {0x11BC0, 0x11BE0},
+        {0x11C00, 0x11C08},
+        {0x11C0A, 0x11C2E},
+        {0x11C40, 0x11C40},
+        {0x11C72, 0x11C8F},
+        {0x11D00, 0x11D06},
+        {0x11D08, 0x11D09},
+        {0x11D0B, 0x11D30},
+        {0x11D46, 0x11D46},
+        {0x11D60, 0x11D65},
+        {0x11D67, 0x11D68},
+        {0x11D6A, 0x11D89},
+        {0x11D98, 0x11D98},
+        {0x11DB0, 0x11DDB},
+        {0x11EE0, 0x11EF2},
+        {0x11F02, 0x11F02},
+        {0x11F04, 0x11F10},
+        {0x11F12, 0x11F33},
+        {0x11FB0, 0x11FB0},
+        {0x12000, 0x12399},
+        {0x12480, 0x12543},
+        {0x12F90, 0x12FF0},
+        {0x13000, 0x1342F},
+        {0x13441, 0x13446},
+        {0x13460, 0x143FA},
+        {0x14400, 0x14646},
+        {0x16100, 0x1611D},
+        {0x16800, 0x16A38},
+        {0x16A40, 0x16A5E},
+        {0x16A70, 0x16ABE},
+        {0x16AD0, 0x16AED},
+        {0x16B00, 0x16B2F},
+        {0x16B40, 0x16B43},
+        {0x16B63, 0x16B77},
+        {0x16B7D, 0x16B8F},
+        {0x16D40, 0x16D6C},
+        {0x16E40, 0x16E7F},
+        {0x16EA0, 0x16EB8},
+        {0x16EBB, 0x16ED3},
+        {0x16F00, 0x16F4A},
+        {0x16F50, 0x16F50},
+        {0x16F93, 0x16F9F},
+        {0x16FE0, 0x16FE1},
+        {0x16FE3, 0x16FE3},
+        {0x16FF2, 0x16FF3},
+        {0x17000, 0x18CD5},
+        {0x18CFF, 0x18D1E},
+        {0x18D80, 0x18DF2},
+        {0x1AFF0, 0x1AFF3},
+        {0x1AFF5, 0x1AFFB},
+        {0x1AFFD, 0x1AFFE},
+        {0x1B000, 0x1B122},
+        {0x1B132, 0x1B132},
+        {0x1B150, 0x1B152},
+        {0x1B155, 0x1B155},
+        {0x1B164, 0x1B167},
+        {0x1B170, 0x1B2FB},
+        {0x1BC00, 0x1BC6A},
+        {0x1BC70, 0x1BC7C},
+        {0x1BC80, 0x1BC88},
+        {0x1BC90, 0x1BC99},
+        {0x1D400, 0x1D454},
+        {0x1D456, 0x1D49C},
+        {0x1D49E, 0x1D49F},
+        {0x1D4A2, 0x1D4A2},
+        {0x1D4A5, 0x1D4A6},
+        {0x1D4A9, 0x1D4AC},
+        {0x1D4AE, 0x1D4B9},
+        {0x1D4BB, 0x1D4BB},
+        {0x1D4BD, 0x1D4C3},
+        {0x1D4C5, 0x1D505},
+        {0x1D507, 0x1D50A},
+        {0x1D50D, 0x1D514},
+        {0x1D516, 0x1D51C},
+        {0x1D51E, 0x1D539},
+        {0x1D53B, 0x1D53E},
+        {0x1D540, 0x1D544},
+        {0x1D546, 0x1D546},
+        {0x1D54A, 0x1D550},
+        {0x1D552, 0x1D6A5},
+        {0x1D6A8, 0x1D6C0},
+        {0x1D6C2, 0x1D6DA},
+        {0x1D6DC, 0x1D6FA},
+        {0x1D6FC, 0x1D714},
+        {0x1D716, 0x1D734},
+        {0x1D736, 0x1D74E},
+        {0x1D750, 0x1D76E},
+        {0x1D770, 0x1D788},
+        {0x1D78A, 0x1D7A8},
+        {0x1D7AA, 0x1D7C2},
+        {0x1D7C4, 0x1D7CB},
+        {0x1DF00, 0x1DF1E},
+        {0x1DF25, 0x1DF2A},
+        {0x1E030, 0x1E06D},
+        {0x1E100, 0x1E12C},
+        {0x1E137, 0x1E13D},
+        {0x1E14E, 0x1E14E},
+        {0x1E290, 0x1E2AD},
+        {0x1E2C0, 0x1E2EB},
+        {0x1E4D0, 0x1E4EB},
+        {0x1E5D0, 0x1E5ED},
+        {0x1E5F0, 0x1E5F0},
+        {0x1E6C0, 0x1E6DE},
+        {0x1E6E0, 0x1E6E2},
+        {0x1E6E4, 0x1E6E5},
+        {0x1E6E7, 0x1E6ED},
+        {0x1E6F0, 0x1E6F4},
+        {0x1E6FE, 0x1E6FF},
+        {0x1E7E0, 0x1E7E6},
+        {0x1E7E8, 0x1E7EB},
+        {0x1E7ED, 0x1E7EE},
+        {0x1E7F0, 0x1E7FE},
+        {0x1E800, 0x1E8C4},
+        {0x1E900, 0x1E943},
+        {0x1E94B, 0x1E94B},
+        {0x1EE00, 0x1EE03},
+        {0x1EE05, 0x1EE1F},
+        {0x1EE21, 0x1EE22},
+        {0x1EE24, 0x1EE24},
+        {0x1EE27, 0x1EE27},
+        {0x1EE29, 0x1EE32},
+        {0x1EE34, 0x1EE37},
+        {0x1EE39, 0x1EE39},
+        {0x1EE3B, 0x1EE3B},
+        {0x1EE42, 0x1EE42},
+        {0x1EE47, 0x1EE47},
+        {0x1EE49, 0x1EE49},
+        {0x1EE4B, 0x1EE4B},
+        {0x1EE4D, 0x1EE4F},
+        {0x1EE51, 0x1EE52},
+        {0x1EE54, 0x1EE54},
+        {0x1EE57, 0x1EE57},
+        {0x1EE59, 0x1EE59},
+        {0x1EE5B, 0x1EE5B},
+        {0x1EE5D, 0x1EE5D},
+        {0x1EE5F, 0x1EE5F},
+        {0x1EE61, 0x1EE62},
+        {0x1EE64, 0x1EE64},
+        {0x1EE67, 0x1EE6A},
+        {0x1EE6C, 0x1EE72},
+        {0x1EE74, 0x1EE77},
+        {0x1EE79, 0x1EE7C},
+        {0x1EE7E, 0x1EE7E},
+        {0x1EE80, 0x1EE89},
+        {0x1EE8B, 0x1EE9B},
+        {0x1EEA1, 0x1EEA3},
+        {0x1EEA5, 0x1EEA9},
+        {0x1EEAB, 0x1EEBB},
+        {0x20000, 0x2A6DF},
+        {0x2A700, 0x2B81D},
+        {0x2B820, 0x2CEAD},
+        {0x2CEB0, 0x2EBE0},
+        {0x2EBF0, 0x2EE5D},
+        {0x2F800, 0x2FA1D},
+        {0x30000, 0x3134A},
+        {0x31350, 0x33479},
+    };
+
+    for (const auto& r : ranges) {
+        if (ch >= r.start && ch <= r.end)
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool is_space(char32_t cp) {
+    switch (cp) {
+        case 0x0009:  // TAB \t
+        case 0x000A:  // LF \n
+        case 0x000B:  // VT
+        case 0x000C:  // FF
+        case 0x000D:  // CR \r
+        case 0x0020:  // Space
+        case 0x00A0:  // No-Break Space
+        case 0x1680:  // Ogham Space Mark
+        case 0x2000:  // En Quad
+        case 0x2001:  // Em Quad
+        case 0x2002:  // En Space
+        case 0x2003:  // Em Space
+        case 0x2004:  // Three-Per-Em Space
+        case 0x2005:  // Four-Per-Em Space
+        case 0x2006:  // Six-Per-Em Space
+        case 0x2007:  // Figure Space
+        case 0x2008:  // Punctuation Space
+        case 0x2009:  // Thin Space
+        case 0x200A:  // Hair Space
+        case 0x202F:  // Narrow No-Break Space
+        case 0x205F:  // Medium Mathematical Space
+        case 0x3000:  // Ideographic Space
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
+std::string str_to_lower(const std::string& input) {
+    std::string result = input;
+    std::transform(result.begin(), result.end(), result.begin(),
+                   [](unsigned char c) { return std::tolower(c); });
+    return result;
+}
+
+// UTF-8 -> Unicode code points
+std::vector<char32_t> utf8_to_codepoints(const std::string& str) {
+    std::vector<char32_t> codepoints;
+    size_t i = 0;
+    while (i < str.size()) {
+        unsigned char c    = str[i];
+        char32_t cp        = 0;
+        size_t extra_bytes = 0;
+
+        if ((c & 0x80) == 0)
+            cp = c;
+        else if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+            cp          = c & 0x1F;
+            extra_bytes = 1;
+        } else if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+            cp          = c & 0x0F;
+            extra_bytes = 2;
+        } else if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+            cp          = c & 0x07;
+            extra_bytes = 3;
+        } else {
+            ++i;
+            continue;
+        }  // Invalid UTF-8
+
+        if (i + extra_bytes >= str.size())
+            break;
+
+        for (size_t j = 1; j <= extra_bytes; ++j)
+            cp = (cp << 6) | (str[i + j] & 0x3F);
+
+        codepoints.push_back(cp);
+        i += 1 + extra_bytes;
+    }
+    return codepoints;
+}
+
+// Unicode code point -> UTF-8
+std::string codepoint_to_utf8(char32_t cp) {
+    std::string out;
+    if (cp <= 0x7F)
+        out.push_back(static_cast<char>(cp));
+    else if (cp <= 0x7FF) {
+        out.push_back(static_cast<char>(0xC0 | (cp >> 6)));
+        out.push_back(static_cast<char>(0x80 | (cp & 0x3F)));
+    } else if (cp <= 0xFFFF) {
+        out.push_back(static_cast<char>(0xE0 | (cp >> 12)));
+        out.push_back(static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((cp >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+        out.push_back(static_cast<char>(0x80 | (cp & 0x3F)));
+    } else {
+        out.push_back(static_cast<char>(0xF0 | (cp >> 18)));
+        out.push_back(static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((cp >> 12) & 0x3F)));
+        out.push_back(static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((cp >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+        out.push_back(static_cast<char>(0x80 | (cp & 0x3F)));
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+bool starts_with(const std::vector<char32_t>& text,
+                 const std::vector<char32_t>& prefix,
+                 std::size_t index) {
+    if (index > text.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (prefix.size() > text.size() - index) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return std::equal(prefix.begin(), prefix.end(), text.begin() + index);
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> token_split(const std::string& text) {
+    std::vector<std::string> tokens;
+    auto cps = utf8_to_codepoints(text);
+    size_t i = 0;
+
+    while (i < cps.size()) {
+        char32_t cp = cps[i];
+
+        // `(?i:'s|'t|'re|'ve|'m|'ll|'d)`
+        if (cp == U'\'' && i + 1 < cps.size()) {
+            std::string next = str_to_lower(codepoint_to_utf8(cps[i + 1]));
+            if (next == "s" || next == "t" || next == "m") {
+                tokens.push_back("'" + next);
+                i += 2;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (i + 2 < cps.size()) {
+                next += str_to_lower(codepoint_to_utf8(cps[i + 2]));
+                if (next == "re" || next == "ve" || next == "ll" || next == "d") {
+                    tokens.push_back("'" + next);
+                    i += 3;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // `\p{N}`
+        if (is_number(cp)) {
+            tokens.push_back(codepoint_to_utf8(cp));
+            ++i;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // `[^\r\n\p{L}\p{N}]?\p{L}+`
+        {
+            // `[^\r\n\p{L}\p{N}]\p{L}+`
+            if (!is_letter(cp) && cp != U'\r' && cp != U'\n' && i + 1 < cps.size() && is_letter(cps[i + 1])) {
+                std::string token = codepoint_to_utf8(cp);
+                ++i;
+
+                while (i < cps.size() && is_letter(cps[i])) {
+                    token += codepoint_to_utf8(cps[i]);
+                    ++i;
+                }
+                tokens.push_back(token);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // `\p{L}+`
+            if (is_letter(cp)) {
+                std::string token = codepoint_to_utf8(cp);
+                ++i;
+                while (i < cps.size() && is_letter(cps[i])) {
+                    token += codepoint_to_utf8(cps[i]);
+                    ++i;
+                }
+                tokens.push_back(token);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // ` ?[^\s\p{L}\p{N}]+[\r\n]*`
+        {
+            // ` [^\s\p{L}\p{N}]+[\r\n]*`
+            if (cp == U' ' && i + 1 < cps.size() && !isspace(cps[i + 1]) && !is_letter(cps[i + 1]) && !is_number(cps[i + 1])) {
+                std::string token = codepoint_to_utf8(cp);
+                token += codepoint_to_utf8(cps[i + 1]);
+                i += 2;
+
+                while (i < cps.size() && !is_letter(cps[i]) && !is_number(cps[i]) && !isspace(cps[i])) {
+                    token += codepoint_to_utf8(cps[i]);
+                    ++i;
+                }
+
+                while (i < cps.size() && (cps[i] == U'\r' || cps[i] == U'\n')) {
+                    token += codepoint_to_utf8(cps[i]);
+                    ++i;
+                }
+
+                tokens.push_back(token);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // `[^\s\p{L}\p{N}]+[\r\n]*`
+            std::string token;
+            if (!is_letter(cps[i]) && !is_number(cps[i]) && !isspace(cps[i])) {
+                std::string token = codepoint_to_utf8(cp);
+                ++i;
+
+                while (i < cps.size() && !is_letter(cps[i]) && !is_number(cps[i]) && !isspace(cps[i])) {
+                    token += codepoint_to_utf8(cps[i]);
+                    ++i;
+                }
+
+                while (i < cps.size() && (cps[i] == U'\r' || cps[i] == U'\n')) {
+                    token += codepoint_to_utf8(cps[i]);
+                    ++i;
+                }
+
+                tokens.push_back(token);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // `\s*[\r\n]+|\s+(?!\S)|\s+`
+        if (is_space(cp)) {
+            std::string token = codepoint_to_utf8(cp);
+            ++i;
+
+            while (i < cps.size() && is_space(cps[i])) {
+                token += codepoint_to_utf8(cps[i]);
+                ++i;
+                if (cps[i] == U'\r' || cps[i] == U'\n') {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            tokens.push_back(token);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // skip
+        ++i;
+    }
+
+    return tokens;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> split_with_special_tokens(
+    const std::string& text,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& special_tokens) {
+    std::vector<std::string> result;
+    size_t pos      = 0;
+    size_t text_len = text.size();
+
+    while (pos < text_len) {
+        size_t next_pos = text_len;
+        std::string matched_token;
+
+        for (const auto& token : special_tokens) {
+            size_t token_pos = text.find(token, pos);
+            if (token_pos != std::string::npos && token_pos < next_pos) {
+                next_pos      = token_pos;
+                matched_token = token;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (next_pos > pos) {
+            result.push_back(text.substr(pos, next_pos - pos));
+        }
+
+        if (!matched_token.empty()) {
+            result.push_back(matched_token);
+            pos = next_pos + matched_token.size();
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+// int main() {
+//     std::string text = "I'm testing C++ token_split function. 你好，世界! 123";
+//     auto tokens = token_split(text);
+
+//     for (const auto& t : tokens) {
+//         std::cout << "[" << t << "] ";
+//     }
+//     std::cout << "\n";
+//     return 0;
+// }

tokenize_util.h

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef __TOKENIZE_UTIL__
+#define __TOKENIZE_UTIL__
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+std::vector<std::string> token_split(const std::string& text);
+std::vector<std::string> split_with_special_tokens(const std::string& text, const std::vector<std::string>& special_tokens);
+
+#endif  // __TOKENIZE_UTIL__

unet.hpp

@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ public:
                             int64_t d_head,
                             int64_t depth,
                             int64_t context_dim,
+                            bool use_linear,
                             int64_t time_depth            = 1,
                             int64_t max_time_embed_period = 10000)
-        : SpatialTransformer(in_channels, n_head, d_head, depth, context_dim),
+        : SpatialTransformer(in_channels, n_head, d_head, depth, context_dim, use_linear),
           max_time_embed_period(max_time_embed_period) {
         // We will convert unet transformer linear to conv2d 1x1 when loading the weights, so use_linear is always False
         // use_spatial_context is always True
@@ -60,8 +61,7 @@ public:
         blocks["time_mixer"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new AlphaBlender());
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* context,
                                 int timesteps) {
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public:
         auto time_context    = context;  // [b*t, n_context, context_dim]
         auto spatial_context = context;
         // time_context_first_timestep = time_context[::timesteps]
-        auto time_context_first_timestep = ggml_view_3d(ctx,
+        auto time_context_first_timestep = ggml_view_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx,
                                                         time_context,
                                                         time_context->ne[0],
                                                         time_context->ne[1],
@@ -100,26 +100,26 @@ public:
                                                         time_context->nb[1],
                                                         time_context->nb[2],
                                                         0);  // [b, n_context, context_dim]
-        time_context                     = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32,
+        time_context                     = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32,
                                                               time_context_first_timestep->ne[0],
                                                               time_context_first_timestep->ne[1],
                                                               time_context_first_timestep->ne[2] * h * w);
-        time_context                     = ggml_repeat(ctx, time_context_first_timestep, time_context);  // [b*h*w, n_context, context_dim]
+        time_context                     = ggml_repeat(ctx->ggml_ctx, time_context_first_timestep, time_context);  // [b*h*w, n_context, context_dim]
 
         x = norm->forward(ctx, x);
         x = proj_in->forward(ctx, x);  // [N, inner_dim, h, w]
 
-        x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 1, 2, 0, 3));  // [N, h, w, inner_dim]
-        x = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, x, inner_dim, w * h, n);      // [N, h * w, inner_dim]
+        x = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 1, 2, 0, 3));  // [N, h, w, inner_dim]
+        x = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, inner_dim, w * h, n);                // [N, h * w, inner_dim]
 
-        auto num_frames = ggml_arange(ctx, 0, timesteps, 1);
+        auto num_frames = ggml_arange(ctx->ggml_ctx, 0, timesteps, 1);
         // since b is 1, no need to do repeat
-        auto t_emb = ggml_nn_timestep_embedding(ctx, num_frames, in_channels, max_time_embed_period);  // [N, in_channels]
+        auto t_emb = ggml_ext_timestep_embedding(ctx->ggml_ctx, num_frames, in_channels, max_time_embed_period);  // [N, in_channels]
 
         auto emb = time_pos_embed_0->forward(ctx, t_emb);
-        emb      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx, emb);
-        emb      = time_pos_embed_2->forward(ctx, emb);                   // [N, in_channels]
-        emb      = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, emb, emb->ne[0], 1, emb->ne[1]);  // [N, 1, in_channels]
+        emb      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, emb);
+        emb      = time_pos_embed_2->forward(ctx, emb);                             // [N, in_channels]
+        emb      = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, emb, emb->ne[0], 1, emb->ne[1]);  // [N, 1, in_channels]
 
         for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
             std::string transformer_name = "transformer_blocks." + std::to_string(i);
@@ -128,11 +128,11 @@ public:
             auto block     = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<BasicTransformerBlock>(blocks[transformer_name]);
             auto mix_block = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<BasicTransformerBlock>(blocks[time_stack_name]);
 
-            x = block->forward(ctx, backend, x, spatial_context);  // [N, h * w, inner_dim]
+            x = block->forward(ctx, x, spatial_context);  // [N, h * w, inner_dim]
 
             // in_channels == inner_dim
             auto x_mix = x;
-            x_mix      = ggml_add(ctx, x_mix, emb);  // [N, h * w, inner_dim]
+            x_mix      = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_mix, emb);  // [N, h * w, inner_dim]
 
             int64_t N = x_mix->ne[2];
             int64_t T = timesteps;
@@ -140,26 +140,26 @@ public:
             int64_t S = x_mix->ne[1];
             int64_t C = x_mix->ne[0];
 
-            x_mix = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x_mix, C, S, T, B);               // (b t) s c -> b t s c
-            x_mix = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x_mix, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b t s c -> b s t c
-            x_mix = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, x_mix, C, T, S * B);              // b s t c -> (b s) t c
+            x_mix = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_mix, C, S, T, B);                         // (b t) s c -> b t s c
+            x_mix = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_mix, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b t s c -> b s t c
+            x_mix = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_mix, C, T, S * B);                        // b s t c -> (b s) t c
 
-            x_mix = mix_block->forward(ctx, backend, x_mix, time_context);  // [B * h * w, T, inner_dim]
+            x_mix = mix_block->forward(ctx, x_mix, time_context);  // [B * h * w, T, inner_dim]
 
-            x_mix = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x_mix, C, T, S, B);               // (b s) t c -> b s t c
-            x_mix = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x_mix, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b s t c -> b t s c
-            x_mix = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, x_mix, C, S, T * B);              // b t s c -> (b t) s c
+            x_mix = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_mix, C, T, S, B);                         // (b s) t c -> b s t c
+            x_mix = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_mix, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b s t c -> b t s c
+            x_mix = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_mix, C, S, T * B);                        // b t s c -> (b t) s c
 
             x = time_mixer->forward(ctx, x, x_mix);  // [N, h * w, inner_dim]
         }
 
-        x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 1, 0, 2, 3));  // [N, inner_dim, h * w]
-        x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x, w, h, inner_dim, n);       // [N, inner_dim, h, w]
+        x = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 1, 0, 2, 3));  // [N, inner_dim, h * w]
+        x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, w, h, inner_dim, n);                 // [N, inner_dim, h, w]
 
         // proj_out
         x = proj_out->forward(ctx, x);  // [N, in_channels, h, w]
 
-        x = ggml_add(ctx, x, x_in);
+        x = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, x_in);
         return x;
     }
 };
@@ -179,17 +179,20 @@ protected:
     int num_heads                          = 8;
     int num_head_channels                  = -1;   // channels // num_heads
     int context_dim                        = 768;  // 1024 for VERSION_SD2, 2048 for VERSION_SDXL
+    bool use_linear_projection             = false;
+    bool tiny_unet                         = false;
 
 public:
     int model_channels  = 320;
     int adm_in_channels = 2816;  // only for VERSION_SDXL/SVD
 
-    UnetModelBlock(SDVersion version = VERSION_SD1, const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {}, bool flash_attn = false)
+    UnetModelBlock(SDVersion version = VERSION_SD1, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {})
         : version(version) {
         if (sd_version_is_sd2(version)) {
-            context_dim       = 1024;
-            num_head_channels = 64;
-            num_heads         = -1;
+            context_dim           = 1024;
+            num_head_channels     = 64;
+            num_heads             = -1;
+            use_linear_projection = true;
         } else if (sd_version_is_sdxl(version)) {
             context_dim           = 2048;
             attention_resolutions = {4, 2};
@@ -197,19 +200,26 @@ public:
             transformer_depth     = {1, 2, 10};
             num_head_channels     = 64;
             num_heads             = -1;
+            use_linear_projection = true;
         } else if (version == VERSION_SVD) {
-            in_channels       = 8;
-            out_channels      = 4;
-            context_dim       = 1024;
-            adm_in_channels   = 768;
-            num_head_channels = 64;
-            num_heads         = -1;
+            in_channels           = 8;
+            out_channels          = 4;
+            context_dim           = 1024;
+            adm_in_channels       = 768;
+            num_head_channels     = 64;
+            num_heads             = -1;
+            use_linear_projection = true;
         }
         if (sd_version_is_inpaint(version)) {
             in_channels = 9;
         } else if (sd_version_is_unet_edit(version)) {
             in_channels = 8;
         }
+        if (version == VERSION_SD1_TINY_UNET || version == VERSION_SD2_TINY_UNET) {
+            num_res_blocks = 1;
+            channel_mult   = {1, 2, 4};
+            tiny_unet      = true;
+        }
 
         // dims is always 2
         // use_temporal_attention is always True for SVD
@@ -247,9 +257,9 @@ public:
                                        int64_t depth,
                                        int64_t context_dim) -> SpatialTransformer* {
             if (version == VERSION_SVD) {
-                return new SpatialVideoTransformer(in_channels, n_head, d_head, depth, context_dim);
+                return new SpatialVideoTransformer(in_channels, n_head, d_head, depth, context_dim, use_linear_projection);
             } else {
-                return new SpatialTransformer(in_channels, n_head, d_head, depth, context_dim, flash_attn);
+                return new SpatialTransformer(in_channels, n_head, d_head, depth, context_dim, use_linear_projection);
             }
         };
 
@@ -270,13 +280,22 @@ public:
                         n_head = ch / d_head;
                     }
                     std::string name = "input_blocks." + std::to_string(input_block_idx) + ".1";
-                    blocks[name]     = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(get_attention_layer(ch,
-                                                                                      n_head,
-                                                                                      d_head,
-                                                                                      transformer_depth[i],
-                                                                                      context_dim));
+                    int td           = transformer_depth[i];
+                    if (version == VERSION_SDXL_SSD1B) {
+                        if (i == 2) {
+                            td = 4;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    blocks[name] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(get_attention_layer(ch,
+                                                                                  n_head,
+                                                                                  d_head,
+                                                                                  td,
+                                                                                  context_dim));
                 }
                 input_block_chans.push_back(ch);
+                if (tiny_unet) {
+                    input_block_idx++;
+                }
             }
             if (i != len_mults - 1) {
                 input_block_idx += 1;
@@ -295,14 +314,17 @@ public:
             d_head = num_head_channels;
             n_head = ch / d_head;
         }
-        blocks["middle_block.0"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(get_resblock(ch, time_embed_dim, ch));
-        blocks["middle_block.1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(get_attention_layer(ch,
-                                                                                  n_head,
-                                                                                  d_head,
-                                                                                  transformer_depth[transformer_depth.size() - 1],
-                                                                                  context_dim));
-        blocks["middle_block.2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(get_resblock(ch, time_embed_dim, ch));
-
+        if (!tiny_unet) {
+            blocks["middle_block.0"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(get_resblock(ch, time_embed_dim, ch));
+            if (version != VERSION_SDXL_SSD1B) {
+                blocks["middle_block.1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(get_attention_layer(ch,
+                                                                                          n_head,
+                                                                                          d_head,
+                                                                                          transformer_depth[transformer_depth.size() - 1],
+                                                                                          context_dim));
+                blocks["middle_block.2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(get_resblock(ch, time_embed_dim, ch));
+            }
+        }
         // output_blocks
         int output_block_idx = 0;
         for (int i = (int)len_mults - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
@@ -324,12 +346,27 @@ public:
                         n_head = ch / d_head;
                     }
                     std::string name = "output_blocks." + std::to_string(output_block_idx) + ".1";
-                    blocks[name]     = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(get_attention_layer(ch, n_head, d_head, transformer_depth[i], context_dim));
+                    int td           = transformer_depth[i];
+                    if (version == VERSION_SDXL_SSD1B) {
+                        if (i == 2 && (j == 0 || j == 1)) {
+                            td = 4;
+                        }
+                        if (i == 1 && (j == 1 || j == 2)) {
+                            td = 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    blocks[name] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(get_attention_layer(ch, n_head, d_head, td, context_dim));
 
                     up_sample_idx++;
                 }
 
                 if (i > 0 && j == num_res_blocks) {
+                    if (tiny_unet) {
+                        output_block_idx++;
+                        if (output_block_idx == 2) {
+                            up_sample_idx = 1;
+                        }
+                    }
                     std::string name = "output_blocks." + std::to_string(output_block_idx) + "." + std::to_string(up_sample_idx);
                     blocks[name]     = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new UpSampleBlock(ch, ch));
 
@@ -347,7 +384,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     struct ggml_tensor* resblock_forward(std::string name,
-                                         struct ggml_context* ctx,
+                                         GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                          struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                          struct ggml_tensor* emb,
                                          int num_video_frames) {
@@ -363,29 +400,27 @@ public:
     }
 
     struct ggml_tensor* attention_layer_forward(std::string name,
-                                                struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+                                                GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                                 struct ggml_tensor* context,
                                                 int timesteps) {
         if (version == VERSION_SVD) {
             auto block = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SpatialVideoTransformer>(blocks[name]);
 
-            return block->forward(ctx, backend, x, context, timesteps);
+            return block->forward(ctx, x, context, timesteps);
         } else {
             auto block = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<SpatialTransformer>(blocks[name]);
 
-            return block->forward(ctx, backend, x, context);
+            return block->forward(ctx, x, context);
         }
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                ggml_backend_t backend,
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* timesteps,
                                 struct ggml_tensor* context,
-                                struct ggml_tensor* c_concat              = NULL,
-                                struct ggml_tensor* y                     = NULL,
+                                struct ggml_tensor* c_concat              = nullptr,
+                                struct ggml_tensor* y                     = nullptr,
                                 int num_video_frames                      = -1,
                                 std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*> controls = {},
                                 float control_strength                    = 0.f) {
@@ -395,22 +430,22 @@ public:
         // c_concat: [N, in_channels, h, w] or [1, in_channels, h, w]
         // y: [N, adm_in_channels] or [1, adm_in_channels]
         // return: [N, out_channels, h, w]
-        if (context != NULL) {
+        if (context != nullptr) {
             if (context->ne[2] != x->ne[3]) {
-                context = ggml_repeat(ctx, context, ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, context->ne[0], context->ne[1], x->ne[3]));
+                context = ggml_repeat(ctx->ggml_ctx, context, ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, context->ne[0], context->ne[1], x->ne[3]));
             }
         }
 
-        if (c_concat != NULL) {
+        if (c_concat != nullptr) {
             if (c_concat->ne[3] != x->ne[3]) {
-                c_concat = ggml_repeat(ctx, c_concat, x);
+                c_concat = ggml_repeat(ctx->ggml_ctx, c_concat, x);
             }
-            x = ggml_concat(ctx, x, c_concat, 2);
+            x = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, c_concat, 2);
         }
 
-        if (y != NULL) {
+        if (y != nullptr) {
             if (y->ne[1] != x->ne[3]) {
-                y = ggml_repeat(ctx, y, ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, y->ne[0], x->ne[3]));
+                y = ggml_repeat(ctx->ggml_ctx, y, ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx->ggml_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, y->ne[0], x->ne[3]));
             }
         }
 
@@ -421,22 +456,22 @@ public:
         auto out_0 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<GroupNorm32>(blocks["out.0"]);
         auto out_2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["out.2"]);
 
-        auto t_emb = ggml_nn_timestep_embedding(ctx, timesteps, model_channels);  // [N, model_channels]
+        auto t_emb = ggml_ext_timestep_embedding(ctx->ggml_ctx, timesteps, model_channels);  // [N, model_channels]
 
         auto emb = time_embed_0->forward(ctx, t_emb);
-        emb      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx, emb);
+        emb      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, emb);
         emb      = time_embed_2->forward(ctx, emb);  // [N, time_embed_dim]
 
         // SDXL/SVD
-        if (y != NULL) {
+        if (y != nullptr) {
             auto label_embed_0 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["label_emb.0.0"]);
             auto label_embed_2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Linear>(blocks["label_emb.0.2"]);
 
             auto label_emb = label_embed_0->forward(ctx, y);
-            label_emb      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx, label_emb);
+            label_emb      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, label_emb);
             label_emb      = label_embed_2->forward(ctx, label_emb);  // [N, time_embed_dim]
 
-            emb = ggml_add(ctx, emb, label_emb);  // [N, time_embed_dim]
+            emb = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, emb, label_emb);  // [N, time_embed_dim]
         }
 
         // input_blocks
@@ -459,10 +494,13 @@ public:
                 h                = resblock_forward(name, ctx, h, emb, num_video_frames);  // [N, mult*model_channels, h, w]
                 if (std::find(attention_resolutions.begin(), attention_resolutions.end(), ds) != attention_resolutions.end()) {
                     std::string name = "input_blocks." + std::to_string(input_block_idx) + ".1";
-                    h                = attention_layer_forward(name, ctx, backend, h, context, num_video_frames);  // [N, mult*model_channels, h, w]
+                    h                = attention_layer_forward(name, ctx, h, context, num_video_frames);  // [N, mult*model_channels, h, w]
                 }
                 hs.push_back(h);
             }
+            if (tiny_unet) {
+                input_block_idx++;
+            }
             if (i != len_mults - 1) {
                 ds *= 2;
                 input_block_idx += 1;
@@ -477,13 +515,16 @@ public:
         // [N, 4*model_channels, h/8, w/8]
 
         // middle_block
-        h = resblock_forward("middle_block.0", ctx, h, emb, num_video_frames);                      // [N, 4*model_channels, h/8, w/8]
-        h = attention_layer_forward("middle_block.1", ctx, backend, h, context, num_video_frames);  // [N, 4*model_channels, h/8, w/8]
-        h = resblock_forward("middle_block.2", ctx, h, emb, num_video_frames);                      // [N, 4*model_channels, h/8, w/8]
-
+        if (!tiny_unet) {
+            h = resblock_forward("middle_block.0", ctx, h, emb, num_video_frames);  // [N, 4*model_channels, h/8, w/8]
+            if (version != VERSION_SDXL_SSD1B) {
+                h = attention_layer_forward("middle_block.1", ctx, h, context, num_video_frames);  // [N, 4*model_channels, h/8, w/8]
+                h = resblock_forward("middle_block.2", ctx, h, emb, num_video_frames);             // [N, 4*model_channels, h/8, w/8]
+            }
+        }
         if (controls.size() > 0) {
-            auto cs = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, controls[controls.size() - 1], control_strength);
-            h       = ggml_add(ctx, h, cs);  // middle control
+            auto cs = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, controls[controls.size() - 1], control_strength);
+            h       = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, h, cs);  // middle control
         }
         int control_offset = controls.size() - 2;
 
@@ -495,12 +536,12 @@ public:
                 hs.pop_back();
 
                 if (controls.size() > 0) {
-                    auto cs = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, controls[control_offset], control_strength);
-                    h_skip  = ggml_add(ctx, h_skip, cs);  // control net condition
+                    auto cs = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, controls[control_offset], control_strength);
+                    h_skip  = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, h_skip, cs);  // control net condition
                     control_offset--;
                 }
 
-                h = ggml_concat(ctx, h, h_skip, 2);
+                h = ggml_concat(ctx->ggml_ctx, h, h_skip, 2);
 
                 std::string name = "output_blocks." + std::to_string(output_block_idx) + ".0";
 
@@ -510,12 +551,18 @@ public:
                 if (std::find(attention_resolutions.begin(), attention_resolutions.end(), ds) != attention_resolutions.end()) {
                     std::string name = "output_blocks." + std::to_string(output_block_idx) + ".1";
 
-                    h = attention_layer_forward(name, ctx, backend, h, context, num_video_frames);
+                    h = attention_layer_forward(name, ctx, h, context, num_video_frames);
 
                     up_sample_idx++;
                 }
 
                 if (i > 0 && j == num_res_blocks) {
+                    if (tiny_unet) {
+                        output_block_idx++;
+                        if (output_block_idx == 2) {
+                            up_sample_idx = 1;
+                        }
+                    }
                     std::string name = "output_blocks." + std::to_string(output_block_idx) + "." + std::to_string(up_sample_idx);
                     auto block       = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UpSampleBlock>(blocks[name]);
 
@@ -530,7 +577,7 @@ public:
 
         // out
         h = out_0->forward(ctx, h);
-        h = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx, h);
+        h = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, h);
         h = out_2->forward(ctx, h);
         ggml_set_name(h, "bench-end");
         return h;  // [N, out_channels, h, w]
@@ -542,27 +589,14 @@ struct UNetModelRunner : public GGMLRunner {
 
     UNetModelRunner(ggml_backend_t backend,
                     bool offload_params_to_cpu,
-                    const String2GGMLType& tensor_types,
+                    const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map,
                     const std::string prefix,
-                    SDVersion version = VERSION_SD1,
-                    bool flash_attn   = false)
-        : GGMLRunner(backend, offload_params_to_cpu), unet(version, tensor_types, flash_attn) {
-        unet.init(params_ctx, tensor_types, prefix);
+                    SDVersion version = VERSION_SD1)
+        : GGMLRunner(backend, offload_params_to_cpu), unet(version, tensor_storage_map) {
+        unet.init(params_ctx, tensor_storage_map, prefix);
     }
 
-    void enable_conv2d_direct() {
-        std::vector<GGMLBlock*> blocks;
-        unet.get_all_blocks(blocks);
-        for (auto block : blocks) {
-            if (block->get_desc() == "Conv2d") {
-                LOG_DEBUG("block %s", block->get_desc().c_str());
-                auto conv_block = (Conv2d*)block;
-                conv_block->enable_direct();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    std::string get_desc() {
+    std::string get_desc() override {
         return "unet";
     }
 
@@ -573,8 +607,8 @@ struct UNetModelRunner : public GGMLRunner {
     struct ggml_cgraph* build_graph(struct ggml_tensor* x,
                                     struct ggml_tensor* timesteps,
                                     struct ggml_tensor* context,
-                                    struct ggml_tensor* c_concat              = NULL,
-                                    struct ggml_tensor* y                     = NULL,
+                                    struct ggml_tensor* c_concat              = nullptr,
+                                    struct ggml_tensor* y                     = nullptr,
                                     int num_video_frames                      = -1,
                                     std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*> controls = {},
                                     float control_strength                    = 0.f) {
@@ -594,8 +628,9 @@ struct UNetModelRunner : public GGMLRunner {
             controls[i] = to_backend(controls[i]);
         }
 
-        struct ggml_tensor* out = unet.forward(compute_ctx,
-                                               runtime_backend,
+        auto runner_ctx = get_context();
+
+        struct ggml_tensor* out = unet.forward(&runner_ctx,
                                                x,
                                                timesteps,
                                                context,
@@ -619,8 +654,8 @@ struct UNetModelRunner : public GGMLRunner {
                  int num_video_frames                      = -1,
                  std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*> controls = {},
                  float control_strength                    = 0.f,
-                 struct ggml_tensor** output               = NULL,
-                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx           = NULL) {
+                 struct ggml_tensor** output               = nullptr,
+                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx           = nullptr) {
         // x: [N, in_channels, h, w]
         // timesteps: [N, ]
         // context: [N, max_position, hidden_size]([N, 77, 768]) or [1, max_position, hidden_size]
@@ -636,11 +671,11 @@ struct UNetModelRunner : public GGMLRunner {
     void test() {
         struct ggml_init_params params;
         params.mem_size   = static_cast<size_t>(10 * 1024 * 1024);  // 10 MB
-        params.mem_buffer = NULL;
+        params.mem_buffer = nullptr;
         params.no_alloc   = false;
 
         struct ggml_context* work_ctx = ggml_init(params);
-        GGML_ASSERT(work_ctx != NULL);
+        GGML_ASSERT(work_ctx != nullptr);
 
         {
             // CPU, num_video_frames = 1, x{num_video_frames, 8, 8, 8}: Pass
@@ -663,10 +698,10 @@ struct UNetModelRunner : public GGMLRunner {
             ggml_set_f32(y, 0.5f);
             // print_ggml_tensor(y);
 
-            struct ggml_tensor* out = NULL;
+            struct ggml_tensor* out = nullptr;
 
             int t0 = ggml_time_ms();
-            compute(8, x, timesteps, context, NULL, y, num_video_frames, {}, 0.f, &out, work_ctx);
+            compute(8, x, timesteps, context, nullptr, y, num_video_frames, {}, 0.f, &out, work_ctx);
             int t1 = ggml_time_ms();
 
             print_ggml_tensor(out);

upscaler.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "stable-diffusion.h"
 
 struct UpscalerGGML {
-    ggml_backend_t backend    = NULL;  // general backend
+    ggml_backend_t backend    = nullptr;  // general backend
     ggml_type model_data_type = GGML_TYPE_F16;
     std::shared_ptr<ESRGAN> esrgan_upscaler;
     std::string esrgan_path;
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ struct UpscalerGGML {
     }
 
     bool load_from_file(const std::string& esrgan_path,
-                        bool offload_params_to_cpu) {
+                        bool offload_params_to_cpu,
+                        int n_threads) {
         ggml_log_set(ggml_log_callback_default, nullptr);
 #ifdef SD_USE_CUDA
         LOG_DEBUG("Using CUDA backend");
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ struct UpscalerGGML {
         backend = ggml_backend_sycl_init(0);
 #endif
         ModelLoader model_loader;
-        if (!model_loader.init_from_file(esrgan_path)) {
+        if (!model_loader.init_from_file_and_convert_name(esrgan_path)) {
             LOG_ERROR("init model loader from file failed: '%s'", esrgan_path.c_str());
         }
         model_loader.set_wtype_override(model_data_type);
@@ -50,11 +51,11 @@ struct UpscalerGGML {
             backend = ggml_backend_cpu_init();
         }
         LOG_INFO("Upscaler weight type: %s", ggml_type_name(model_data_type));
-        esrgan_upscaler = std::make_shared<ESRGAN>(backend, offload_params_to_cpu, model_loader.tensor_storages_types);
+        esrgan_upscaler = std::make_shared<ESRGAN>(backend, offload_params_to_cpu, model_loader.get_tensor_storage_map());
         if (direct) {
-            esrgan_upscaler->enable_conv2d_direct();
+            esrgan_upscaler->set_conv2d_direct_enabled(true);
         }
-        if (!esrgan_upscaler->load_from_file(esrgan_path)) {
+        if (!esrgan_upscaler->load_from_file(esrgan_path, n_threads)) {
             return false;
         }
         return true;
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ struct UpscalerGGML {
 
     sd_image_t upscale(sd_image_t input_image, uint32_t upscale_factor) {
         // upscale_factor, unused for RealESRGAN_x4plus_anime_6B.pth
-        sd_image_t upscaled_image = {0, 0, 0, NULL};
+        sd_image_t upscaled_image = {0, 0, 0, nullptr};
         int output_width          = (int)input_image.width * esrgan_upscaler->scale;
         int output_height         = (int)input_image.height * esrgan_upscaler->scale;
         LOG_INFO("upscaling from (%i x %i) to (%i x %i)",
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ struct UpscalerGGML {
 
         struct ggml_init_params params;
         params.mem_size   = static_cast<size_t>(1024 * 1024) * 1024;  // 1G
-        params.mem_buffer = NULL;
+        params.mem_buffer = nullptr;
         params.no_alloc   = false;
 
         // draft context
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ struct UpscalerGGML {
         }
         // LOG_DEBUG("upscale work buffer size: %.2f MB", params.mem_size / 1024.f / 1024.f);
         ggml_tensor* input_image_tensor = ggml_new_tensor_4d(upscale_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, input_image.width, input_image.height, 3, 1);
-        sd_image_to_tensor(input_image, input_image_tensor);
+        sd_image_to_ggml_tensor(input_image, input_image_tensor);
 
         ggml_tensor* upscaled = ggml_new_tensor_4d(upscale_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, output_width, output_height, 3, 1);
         auto on_tiling        = [&](ggml_tensor* in, ggml_tensor* out, bool init) {
@@ -90,8 +91,8 @@ struct UpscalerGGML {
         int64_t t0 = ggml_time_ms();
         sd_tiling(input_image_tensor, upscaled, esrgan_upscaler->scale, esrgan_upscaler->tile_size, 0.25f, on_tiling);
         esrgan_upscaler->free_compute_buffer();
-        ggml_tensor_clamp(upscaled, 0.f, 1.f);
-        uint8_t* upscaled_data = sd_tensor_to_image(upscaled);
+        ggml_ext_tensor_clamp_inplace(upscaled, 0.f, 1.f);
+        uint8_t* upscaled_data = ggml_tensor_to_sd_image(upscaled);
         ggml_free(upscale_ctx);
         int64_t t3 = ggml_time_ms();
         LOG_INFO("input_image_tensor upscaled, taking %.2fs", (t3 - t0) / 1000.0f);
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ struct UpscalerGGML {
 };
 
 struct upscaler_ctx_t {
-    UpscalerGGML* upscaler = NULL;
+    UpscalerGGML* upscaler = nullptr;
 };
 
 upscaler_ctx_t* new_upscaler_ctx(const char* esrgan_path_c_str,
@@ -114,21 +115,21 @@ upscaler_ctx_t* new_upscaler_ctx(const char* esrgan_path_c_str,
                                  bool direct,
                                  int n_threads) {
     upscaler_ctx_t* upscaler_ctx = (upscaler_ctx_t*)malloc(sizeof(upscaler_ctx_t));
-    if (upscaler_ctx == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
+    if (upscaler_ctx == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
     }
     std::string esrgan_path(esrgan_path_c_str);
 
     upscaler_ctx->upscaler = new UpscalerGGML(n_threads, direct);
-    if (upscaler_ctx->upscaler == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
+    if (upscaler_ctx->upscaler == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
-    if (!upscaler_ctx->upscaler->load_from_file(esrgan_path, offload_params_to_cpu)) {
+    if (!upscaler_ctx->upscaler->load_from_file(esrgan_path, offload_params_to_cpu, n_threads)) {
         delete upscaler_ctx->upscaler;
-        upscaler_ctx->upscaler = NULL;
+        upscaler_ctx->upscaler = nullptr;
         free(upscaler_ctx);
-        return NULL;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     return upscaler_ctx;
 }
@@ -137,10 +138,17 @@ sd_image_t upscale(upscaler_ctx_t* upscaler_ctx, sd_image_t input_image, uint32_
     return upscaler_ctx->upscaler->upscale(input_image, upscale_factor);
 }
 
+int get_upscale_factor(upscaler_ctx_t* upscaler_ctx) {
+    if (upscaler_ctx == nullptr || upscaler_ctx->upscaler == nullptr || upscaler_ctx->upscaler->esrgan_upscaler == nullptr) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return upscaler_ctx->upscaler->esrgan_upscaler->scale;
+}
+
 void free_upscaler_ctx(upscaler_ctx_t* upscaler_ctx) {
-    if (upscaler_ctx->upscaler != NULL) {
+    if (upscaler_ctx->upscaler != nullptr) {
         delete upscaler_ctx->upscaler;
-        upscaler_ctx->upscaler = NULL;
+        upscaler_ctx->upscaler = nullptr;
     }
     free(upscaler_ctx);
 }

util.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #include "util.h"
-#include <stdarg.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <codecvt>
+#include <cstdarg>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <locale>
 #include <sstream>
@@ -26,9 +26,6 @@
 #include "ggml.h"
 #include "stable-diffusion.h"
 
-#define STB_IMAGE_RESIZE_IMPLEMENTATION
-#include "stb_image_resize.h"
-
 bool ends_with(const std::string& str, const std::string& ending) {
     if (str.length() >= ending.length()) {
         return (str.compare(str.length() - ending.length(), ending.length(), ending) == 0);
@@ -64,7 +61,7 @@ std::string format(const char* fmt, ...) {
     va_list ap2;
     va_start(ap, fmt);
     va_copy(ap2, ap);
-    int size = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, ap);
+    int size = vsnprintf(nullptr, 0, fmt, ap);
     std::vector<char> buf(size + 1);
     int size2 = vsnprintf(buf.data(), size + 1, fmt, ap2);
     va_end(ap2);
@@ -84,6 +81,7 @@ int round_up_to(int value, int base) {
 }
 
 #ifdef _WIN32  // code for windows
+#define NOMINMAX
 #include <windows.h>
 
 bool file_exists(const std::string& filename) {
@@ -169,11 +167,11 @@ int32_t get_num_physical_cores() {
 #elif defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
     int32_t num_physical_cores;
     size_t len = sizeof(num_physical_cores);
-    int result = sysctlbyname("hw.perflevel0.physicalcpu", &num_physical_cores, &len, NULL, 0);
+    int result = sysctlbyname("hw.perflevel0.physicalcpu", &num_physical_cores, &len, nullptr, 0);
     if (result == 0) {
         return num_physical_cores;
     }
-    result = sysctlbyname("hw.physicalcpu", &num_physical_cores, &len, NULL, 0);
+    result = sysctlbyname("hw.physicalcpu", &num_physical_cores, &len, nullptr, 0);
     if (result == 0) {
         return num_physical_cores;
     }
@@ -184,8 +182,14 @@ int32_t get_num_physical_cores() {
     return n_threads > 0 ? (n_threads <= 4 ? n_threads : n_threads / 2) : 4;
 }
 
-static sd_progress_cb_t sd_progress_cb = NULL;
-void* sd_progress_cb_data              = NULL;
+static sd_progress_cb_t sd_progress_cb = nullptr;
+void* sd_progress_cb_data              = nullptr;
+
+static sd_preview_cb_t sd_preview_cb = nullptr;
+preview_t sd_preview_mode            = PREVIEW_NONE;
+int sd_preview_interval              = 1;
+bool sd_preview_denoised             = true;
+bool sd_preview_noisy                = false;
 
 std::u32string utf8_to_utf32(const std::string& utf8_str) {
     std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<char32_t>, char32_t> converter;
@@ -295,10 +299,10 @@ std::string trim(const std::string& s) {
     return rtrim(ltrim(s));
 }
 
-static sd_log_cb_t sd_log_cb = NULL;
-void* sd_log_cb_data         = NULL;
+static sd_log_cb_t sd_log_cb = nullptr;
+void* sd_log_cb_data         = nullptr;
 
-#define LOG_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
+#define LOG_BUFFER_SIZE 4096
 
 void log_printf(sd_log_level_t level, const char* file, int line, const char* format, ...) {
     va_list args;
@@ -330,6 +334,37 @@ void sd_set_progress_callback(sd_progress_cb_t cb, void* data) {
     sd_progress_cb      = cb;
     sd_progress_cb_data = data;
 }
+void sd_set_preview_callback(sd_preview_cb_t cb, preview_t mode = PREVIEW_PROJ, int interval = 1, bool denoised = true, bool noisy = false) {
+    sd_preview_cb       = cb;
+    sd_preview_mode     = mode;
+    sd_preview_interval = interval;
+    sd_preview_denoised = denoised;
+    sd_preview_noisy    = noisy;
+}
+
+sd_preview_cb_t sd_get_preview_callback() {
+    return sd_preview_cb;
+}
+
+preview_t sd_get_preview_mode() {
+    return sd_preview_mode;
+}
+int sd_get_preview_interval() {
+    return sd_preview_interval;
+}
+bool sd_should_preview_denoised() {
+    return sd_preview_denoised;
+}
+bool sd_should_preview_noisy() {
+    return sd_preview_noisy;
+}
+
+sd_progress_cb_t sd_get_progress_callback() {
+    return sd_progress_cb;
+}
+void* sd_get_progress_callback_data() {
+    return sd_progress_cb_data;
+}
 const char* sd_get_system_info() {
     static char buffer[1024];
     std::stringstream ss;
@@ -387,10 +422,10 @@ sd_image_f32_t resize_sd_image_f32_t(sd_image_f32_t image, int target_width, int
             float original_x = (float)x * image.width / target_width;
             float original_y = (float)y * image.height / target_height;
 
-            int x1 = (int)original_x;
-            int y1 = (int)original_y;
-            int x2 = x1 + 1;
-            int y2 = y1 + 1;
+            uint32_t x1 = (uint32_t)original_x;
+            uint32_t y1 = (uint32_t)original_y;
+            uint32_t x2 = std::min(x1 + 1, image.width - 1);
+            uint32_t y2 = std::min(y1 + 1, image.height - 1);
 
             for (int k = 0; k < image.channel; k++) {
                 float v1 = *(image.data + y1 * image.width * image.channel + x1 * image.channel + k);
@@ -427,23 +462,26 @@ float means[3] = {0.48145466, 0.4578275, 0.40821073};
 float stds[3]  = {0.26862954, 0.26130258, 0.27577711};
 
 // Function to clip and preprocess sd_image_f32_t
-sd_image_f32_t clip_preprocess(sd_image_f32_t image, int size) {
-    float scale = (float)size / fmin(image.width, image.height);
+sd_image_f32_t clip_preprocess(sd_image_f32_t image, int target_width, int target_height) {
+    float width_scale  = (float)target_width / image.width;
+    float height_scale = (float)target_height / image.height;
+
+    float scale = std::fmax(width_scale, height_scale);
 
     // Interpolation
-    int new_width       = (int)(scale * image.width);
-    int new_height      = (int)(scale * image.height);
-    float* resized_data = (float*)malloc(new_width * new_height * image.channel * sizeof(float));
+    int resized_width   = (int)(scale * image.width);
+    int resized_height  = (int)(scale * image.height);
+    float* resized_data = (float*)malloc(resized_width * resized_height * image.channel * sizeof(float));
 
-    for (int y = 0; y < new_height; y++) {
-        for (int x = 0; x < new_width; x++) {
-            float original_x = (float)x * image.width / new_width;
-            float original_y = (float)y * image.height / new_height;
+    for (int y = 0; y < resized_height; y++) {
+        for (int x = 0; x < resized_width; x++) {
+            float original_x = (float)x * image.width / resized_width;
+            float original_y = (float)y * image.height / resized_height;
 
-            int x1 = (int)original_x;
-            int y1 = (int)original_y;
-            int x2 = x1 + 1;
-            int y2 = y1 + 1;
+            uint32_t x1 = (uint32_t)original_x;
+            uint32_t y1 = (uint32_t)original_y;
+            uint32_t x2 = std::min(x1 + 1, image.width - 1);
+            uint32_t y2 = std::min(y1 + 1, image.height - 1);
 
             for (int k = 0; k < image.channel; k++) {
                 float v1 = *(image.data + y1 * image.width * image.channel + x1 * image.channel + k);
@@ -456,26 +494,28 @@ sd_image_f32_t clip_preprocess(sd_image_f32_t image, int size) {
 
                 float value = interpolate(v1, v2, v3, v4, x_ratio, y_ratio);
 
-                *(resized_data + y * new_width * image.channel + x * image.channel + k) = value;
+                *(resized_data + y * resized_width * image.channel + x * image.channel + k) = value;
             }
         }
     }
 
     // Clip and preprocess
-    int h = (new_height - size) / 2;
-    int w = (new_width - size) / 2;
+    int h_offset = std::max((int)(resized_height - target_height) / 2, 0);
+    int w_offset = std::max((int)(resized_width - target_width) / 2, 0);
 
     sd_image_f32_t result;
-    result.width   = size;
-    result.height  = size;
+    result.width   = target_width;
+    result.height  = target_height;
     result.channel = image.channel;
-    result.data    = (float*)malloc(size * size * image.channel * sizeof(float));
+    result.data    = (float*)malloc(target_height * target_width * image.channel * sizeof(float));
 
     for (int k = 0; k < image.channel; k++) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
-                *(result.data + i * size * image.channel + j * image.channel + k) =
-                    fmin(fmax(*(resized_data + (i + h) * new_width * image.channel + (j + w) * image.channel + k), 0.0f), 255.0f) / 255.0f;
+        for (int i = 0; i < result.height; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < result.width; j++) {
+                int src_y = std::min(i + h_offset, resized_height - 1);
+                int src_x = std::min(j + w_offset, resized_width - 1);
+                *(result.data + i * result.width * image.channel + j * image.channel + k) =
+                    fmin(fmax(*(resized_data + src_y * resized_width * image.channel + src_x * image.channel + k), 0.0f), 255.0f) / 255.0f;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -485,10 +525,10 @@ sd_image_f32_t clip_preprocess(sd_image_f32_t image, int size) {
 
     // Normalize
     for (int k = 0; k < image.channel; k++) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < result.height; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < result.width; j++) {
                 // *(result.data + i * size * image.channel + j * image.channel + k) = 0.5f;
-                int offset  = i * size * image.channel + j * image.channel + k;
+                int offset  = i * result.width * image.channel + j * image.channel + k;
                 float value = *(result.data + offset);
                 value       = (value - means[k]) / stds[k];
                 // value = 0.5f;

util.h

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ sd_image_f32_t sd_image_t_to_sd_image_f32_t(sd_image_t image);
 
 sd_image_f32_t resize_sd_image_f32_t(sd_image_f32_t image, int target_width, int target_height);
 
-sd_image_f32_t clip_preprocess(sd_image_f32_t image, int size);
+sd_image_f32_t clip_preprocess(sd_image_f32_t image, int target_width, int target_height);
 
 std::string path_join(const std::string& p1, const std::string& p2);
 std::vector<std::string> split_string(const std::string& str, char delimiter);
@@ -54,6 +54,15 @@ std::string trim(const std::string& s);
 
 std::vector<std::pair<std::string, float>> parse_prompt_attention(const std::string& text);
 
+sd_progress_cb_t sd_get_progress_callback();
+void* sd_get_progress_callback_data();
+
+sd_preview_cb_t sd_get_preview_callback();
+preview_t sd_get_preview_mode();
+int sd_get_preview_interval();
+bool sd_should_preview_denoised();
+bool sd_should_preview_noisy();
+
 #define LOG_DEBUG(format, ...) log_printf(SD_LOG_DEBUG, __FILE__, __LINE__, format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 #define LOG_INFO(format, ...) log_printf(SD_LOG_INFO, __FILE__, __LINE__, format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 #define LOG_WARN(format, ...) log_printf(SD_LOG_WARN, __FILE__, __LINE__, format, ##__VA_ARGS__)

vae.hpp

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) override {
         // x: [N, in_channels, h, w]
         // t_emb is always None
         auto norm1 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<GroupNorm32>(blocks["norm1"]);
@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ public:
 
         auto h = x;
         h      = norm1->forward(ctx, h);
-        h      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx, h);  // swish
+        h      = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, h);  // swish
         h      = conv1->forward(ctx, h);
         // return h;
 
         h = norm2->forward(ctx, h);
-        h = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx, h);  // swish
+        h = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, h);  // swish
         // dropout, skip for inference
         h = conv2->forward(ctx, h);
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public:
             x = nin_shortcut->forward(ctx, x);  // [N, out_channels, h, w]
         }
 
-        h = ggml_add(ctx, h, x);
+        h = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, h, x);
         return h;  // [N, out_channels, h, w]
     }
 };
@@ -64,25 +64,51 @@ public:
 class AttnBlock : public UnaryBlock {
 protected:
     int64_t in_channels;
+    bool use_linear;
 
-public:
-    AttnBlock(int64_t in_channels)
-        : in_channels(in_channels) {
-        blocks["norm"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new GroupNorm32(in_channels));
-        blocks["q"]    = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, {1, 1}));
-        blocks["k"]    = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, {1, 1}));
-        blocks["v"]    = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, {1, 1}));
-
-        blocks["proj_out"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, {1, 1}));
+    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, const std::string prefix = "") {
+        auto iter = tensor_storage_map.find(prefix + "proj_out.weight");
+        if (iter != tensor_storage_map.end()) {
+            if (iter->second.n_dims == 4 && use_linear) {
+                use_linear         = false;
+                blocks["q"]        = std::make_shared<Conv2d>(in_channels, in_channels, std::pair{1, 1});
+                blocks["k"]        = std::make_shared<Conv2d>(in_channels, in_channels, std::pair{1, 1});
+                blocks["v"]        = std::make_shared<Conv2d>(in_channels, in_channels, std::pair{1, 1});
+                blocks["proj_out"] = std::make_shared<Conv2d>(in_channels, in_channels, std::pair{1, 1});
+            } else if (iter->second.n_dims == 2 && !use_linear) {
+                use_linear         = true;
+                blocks["q"]        = std::make_shared<Linear>(in_channels, in_channels);
+                blocks["k"]        = std::make_shared<Linear>(in_channels, in_channels);
+                blocks["v"]        = std::make_shared<Linear>(in_channels, in_channels);
+                blocks["proj_out"] = std::make_shared<Linear>(in_channels, in_channels);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+public:
+    AttnBlock(int64_t in_channels, bool use_linear)
+        : in_channels(in_channels), use_linear(use_linear) {
+        blocks["norm"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new GroupNorm32(in_channels));
+        if (use_linear) {
+            blocks["q"]        = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(in_channels, in_channels));
+            blocks["k"]        = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(in_channels, in_channels));
+            blocks["v"]        = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(in_channels, in_channels));
+            blocks["proj_out"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Linear(in_channels, in_channels));
+        } else {
+            blocks["q"]        = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, {1, 1}));
+            blocks["k"]        = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, {1, 1}));
+            blocks["v"]        = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, {1, 1}));
+            blocks["proj_out"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(in_channels, in_channels, {1, 1}));
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) override {
         // x: [N, in_channels, h, w]
         auto norm     = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<GroupNorm32>(blocks["norm"]);
-        auto q_proj   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["q"]);
-        auto k_proj   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["k"]);
-        auto v_proj   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["v"]);
-        auto proj_out = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["proj_out"]);
+        auto q_proj   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UnaryBlock>(blocks["q"]);
+        auto k_proj   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UnaryBlock>(blocks["k"]);
+        auto v_proj   = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UnaryBlock>(blocks["v"]);
+        auto proj_out = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UnaryBlock>(blocks["proj_out"]);
 
         auto h_ = norm->forward(ctx, x);
 
@@ -91,25 +117,46 @@ public:
         const int64_t h = h_->ne[1];
         const int64_t w = h_->ne[0];
 
-        auto q = q_proj->forward(ctx, h_);                          // [N, in_channels, h, w]
-        q      = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, q, 1, 2, 0, 3));  // [N, h, w, in_channels]
-        q      = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, q, c, h * w, n);              // [N, h * w, in_channels]
+        ggml_tensor* q;
+        ggml_tensor* k;
+        ggml_tensor* v;
+        if (use_linear) {
+            h_ = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, h_, 1, 2, 0, 3));  // [N, h, w, in_channels]
+            h_ = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, h_, c, h * w, n);                        // [N, h * w, in_channels]
 
-        auto k = k_proj->forward(ctx, h_);                          // [N, in_channels, h, w]
-        k      = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, k, 1, 2, 0, 3));  // [N, h, w, in_channels]
-        k      = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, k, c, h * w, n);              // [N, h * w, in_channels]
+            q = q_proj->forward(ctx, h_);  // [N, h * w, in_channels]
+            k = k_proj->forward(ctx, h_);  // [N, h * w, in_channels]
+            v = v_proj->forward(ctx, h_);  // [N, h * w, in_channels]
 
-        auto v = v_proj->forward(ctx, h_);              // [N, in_channels, h, w]
-        v      = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx, v, h * w, c, n);  // [N, in_channels, h * w]
+            v = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, v, 1, 0, 2, 3));  // [N, in_channels, h * w]
+        } else {
+            q = q_proj->forward(ctx, h_);                                              // [N, in_channels, h, w]
+            q = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, q, 1, 2, 0, 3));  // [N, h, w, in_channels]
+            q = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, q, c, h * w, n);                        // [N, h * w, in_channels]
 
-        h_ = ggml_nn_attention(ctx, q, k, v, false);  // [N, h * w, in_channels]
+            k = k_proj->forward(ctx, h_);                                              // [N, in_channels, h, w]
+            k = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, k, 1, 2, 0, 3));  // [N, h, w, in_channels]
+            k = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, k, c, h * w, n);                        // [N, h * w, in_channels]
 
-        h_ = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, h_, 1, 0, 2, 3));  // [N, in_channels, h * w]
-        h_ = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, h_, w, h, c, n);               // [N, in_channels, h, w]
+            v = v_proj->forward(ctx, h_);                        // [N, in_channels, h, w]
+            v = ggml_reshape_3d(ctx->ggml_ctx, v, h * w, c, n);  // [N, in_channels, h * w]
+        }
 
-        h_ = proj_out->forward(ctx, h_);  // [N, in_channels, h, w]
+        h_ = ggml_ext_attention(ctx->ggml_ctx, q, k, v, false);  // [N, h * w, in_channels]
 
-        h_ = ggml_add(ctx, h_, x);
+        if (use_linear) {
+            h_ = proj_out->forward(ctx, h_);  // [N, h * w, in_channels]
+
+            h_ = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, h_, 1, 0, 2, 3));  // [N, in_channels, h * w]
+            h_ = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, h_, w, h, c, n);                         // [N, in_channels, h, w]
+        } else {
+            h_ = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, h_, 1, 0, 2, 3));  // [N, in_channels, h * w]
+            h_ = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, h_, w, h, c, n);                         // [N, in_channels, h, w]
+
+            h_ = proj_out->forward(ctx, h_);  // [N, in_channels, h, w]
+        }
+
+        h_ = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx, h_, x);
         return h_;
     }
 };
@@ -133,8 +180,8 @@ public:
                                                                              kernel_padding));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx,
-                                struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx,
+                                struct ggml_tensor* x) override {
         // timesteps always None
         // skip_video always False
         // x: [N, IC, IH, IW]
@@ -152,24 +199,24 @@ public:
         int64_t H = x->ne[1];
         int64_t W = x->ne[0];
 
-        x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x, W * H, C, T, B);           // (b t) c h w -> b t c (h w)
-        x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b t c (h w) -> b c t (h w)
-        x = time_mix_conv->forward(ctx, x);                    // [B, OC, T, OH * OW]
-        x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b c t (h w) -> b t c (h w)
-        x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x, W, H, C, T * B);           // b t c (h w) -> (b t) c h w
-        return x;                                              // [B*T, OC, OH, OW]
+        x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, W * H, C, T, B);                     // (b t) c h w -> b t c (h w)
+        x = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b t c (h w) -> b c t (h w)
+        x = time_mix_conv->forward(ctx, x);                                        // [B, OC, T, OH * OW]
+        x = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b c t (h w) -> b t c (h w)
+        x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, W, H, C, T * B);                     // b t c (h w) -> (b t) c h w
+        return x;                                                                  // [B*T, OC, OH, OW]
     }
 };
 
 class VideoResnetBlock : public ResnetBlock {
 protected:
-    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2GGMLType& tensor_types = {}, const std::string prefix = "") {
-        enum ggml_type wtype = get_type(prefix + "mix_factor", tensor_types, GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    void init_params(struct ggml_context* ctx, const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map = {}, const std::string prefix = "") override {
+        enum ggml_type wtype = get_type(prefix + "mix_factor", tensor_storage_map, GGML_TYPE_F32);
         params["mix_factor"] = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, wtype, 1);
     }
 
     float get_alpha() {
-        float alpha = ggml_backend_tensor_get_f32(params["mix_factor"]);
+        float alpha = ggml_ext_backend_tensor_get_f32(params["mix_factor"]);
         return sigmoid(alpha);
     }
 
@@ -182,7 +229,7 @@ public:
         blocks["time_stack"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new ResBlock(out_channels, 0, out_channels, {video_kernel_size, 1}, 3, false, true));
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) override {
         // x: [N, in_channels, h, w] aka [b*t, in_channels, h, w]
         // return: [N, out_channels, h, w] aka [b*t, out_channels, h, w]
         // t_emb is always None
@@ -199,19 +246,19 @@ public:
         int64_t H = x->ne[1];
         int64_t W = x->ne[0];
 
-        x          = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x, W * H, C, T, B);           // (b t) c h w -> b t c (h w)
-        x          = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b t c (h w) -> b c t (h w)
+        x          = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, W * H, C, T, B);                     // (b t) c h w -> b t c (h w)
+        x          = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b t c (h w) -> b c t (h w)
         auto x_mix = x;
 
         x = time_stack->forward(ctx, x);  // b t c (h w)
 
         float alpha = get_alpha();
-        x           = ggml_add(ctx,
-                               ggml_scale(ctx, x, alpha),
-                               ggml_scale(ctx, x_mix, 1.0f - alpha));
+        x           = ggml_add(ctx->ggml_ctx,
+                               ggml_scale(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, alpha),
+                               ggml_scale(ctx->ggml_ctx, x_mix, 1.0f - alpha));
 
-        x = ggml_cont(ctx, ggml_permute(ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b c t (h w) -> b t c (h w)
-        x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx, x, W, H, C, T * B);           // b t c (h w) -> (b t) c h w
+        x = ggml_cont(ctx->ggml_ctx, ggml_permute(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, 0, 2, 1, 3));  // b c t (h w) -> b t c (h w)
+        x = ggml_reshape_4d(ctx->ggml_ctx, x, W, H, C, T * B);                     // b t c (h w) -> (b t) c h w
 
         return x;
     }
@@ -233,7 +280,8 @@ public:
             int num_res_blocks,
             int in_channels,
             int z_channels,
-            bool double_z = true)
+            bool double_z              = true,
+            bool use_linear_projection = false)
         : ch(ch),
           ch_mult(ch_mult),
           num_res_blocks(num_res_blocks),
@@ -264,14 +312,14 @@ public:
         }
 
         blocks["mid.block_1"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new ResnetBlock(block_in, block_in));
-        blocks["mid.attn_1"]  = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new AttnBlock(block_in));
+        blocks["mid.attn_1"]  = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new AttnBlock(block_in, use_linear_projection));
         blocks["mid.block_2"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new ResnetBlock(block_in, block_in));
 
         blocks["norm_out"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new GroupNorm32(block_in));
         blocks["conv_out"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(block_in, double_z ? z_channels * 2 : z_channels, {3, 3}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
     }
 
-    virtual struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    virtual struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         // x: [N, in_channels, h, w]
 
         auto conv_in     = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["conv_in"]);
@@ -307,8 +355,8 @@ public:
 
         // end
         h = norm_out->forward(ctx, h);
-        h = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx, h);  // nonlinearity/swish
-        h = conv_out->forward(ctx, h);  // [N, z_channels*2, h, w]
+        h = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, h);  // nonlinearity/swish
+        h = conv_out->forward(ctx, h);            // [N, z_channels*2, h, w]
         return h;
     }
 };
@@ -351,8 +399,9 @@ public:
             std::vector<int> ch_mult,
             int num_res_blocks,
             int z_channels,
-            bool video_decoder    = false,
-            int video_kernel_size = 3)
+            bool use_linear_projection = false,
+            bool video_decoder         = false,
+            int video_kernel_size      = 3)
         : ch(ch),
           out_ch(out_ch),
           ch_mult(ch_mult),
@@ -366,7 +415,7 @@ public:
         blocks["conv_in"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(z_channels, block_in, {3, 3}, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
 
         blocks["mid.block_1"] = get_resnet_block(block_in, block_in);
-        blocks["mid.attn_1"]  = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new AttnBlock(block_in));
+        blocks["mid.attn_1"]  = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new AttnBlock(block_in, use_linear_projection));
         blocks["mid.block_2"] = get_resnet_block(block_in, block_in);
 
         for (int i = num_resolutions - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
@@ -388,7 +437,7 @@ public:
         blocks["conv_out"] = get_conv_out(block_in, out_ch, {3, 3}, {1, 1}, {1, 1});
     }
 
-    virtual struct ggml_tensor* forward(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* z) {
+    virtual struct ggml_tensor* forward(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* z) {
         // z: [N, z_channels, h, w]
         // alpha is always 0
         // merge_strategy is always learned
@@ -429,8 +478,8 @@ public:
         }
 
         h = norm_out->forward(ctx, h);
-        h = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx, h);  // nonlinearity/swish
-        h = conv_out->forward(ctx, h);  // [N, out_ch, h*8, w*8]
+        h = ggml_silu_inplace(ctx->ggml_ctx, h);  // nonlinearity/swish
+        h = conv_out->forward(ctx, h);            // [N, out_ch, h*8, w*8]
         return h;
     }
 };
@@ -454,9 +503,10 @@ protected:
     } dd_config;
 
 public:
-    AutoencodingEngine(bool decode_only       = true,
-                       bool use_video_decoder = false,
-                       SDVersion version      = VERSION_SD1)
+    AutoencodingEngine(SDVersion version          = VERSION_SD1,
+                       bool decode_only           = true,
+                       bool use_linear_projection = false,
+                       bool use_video_decoder     = false)
         : decode_only(decode_only), use_video_decoder(use_video_decoder) {
         if (sd_version_is_dit(version)) {
             dd_config.z_channels = 16;
@@ -470,6 +520,7 @@ public:
                                                                    dd_config.ch_mult,
                                                                    dd_config.num_res_blocks,
                                                                    dd_config.z_channels,
+                                                                   use_linear_projection,
                                                                    use_video_decoder));
         if (use_quant) {
             blocks["post_quant_conv"] = std::shared_ptr<GGMLBlock>(new Conv2d(dd_config.z_channels,
@@ -482,7 +533,8 @@ public:
                                                                        dd_config.num_res_blocks,
                                                                        dd_config.in_channels,
                                                                        dd_config.z_channels,
-                                                                       dd_config.double_z));
+                                                                       dd_config.double_z,
+                                                                       use_linear_projection));
             if (use_quant) {
                 int factor = dd_config.double_z ? 2 : 1;
 
@@ -493,7 +545,7 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* decode(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* z) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* decode(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* z) {
         // z: [N, z_channels, h, w]
         if (use_quant) {
             auto post_quant_conv = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["post_quant_conv"]);
@@ -507,7 +559,7 @@ public:
         return h;
     }
 
-    struct ggml_tensor* encode(struct ggml_context* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
+    struct ggml_tensor* encode(GGMLRunnerContext* ctx, struct ggml_tensor* x) {
         // x: [N, in_channels, h, w]
         auto encoder = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Encoder>(blocks["encoder"]);
 
@@ -529,7 +581,31 @@ struct VAE : public GGMLRunner {
                          struct ggml_tensor** output,
                          struct ggml_context* output_ctx)                                                         = 0;
     virtual void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors, const std::string prefix) = 0;
-    virtual void enable_conv2d_direct(){};
+    virtual void set_conv2d_scale(float scale) { SD_UNUSED(scale); };
+};
+
+struct FakeVAE : public VAE {
+    FakeVAE(ggml_backend_t backend, bool offload_params_to_cpu)
+        : VAE(backend, offload_params_to_cpu) {}
+    void compute(const int n_threads,
+                 struct ggml_tensor* z,
+                 bool decode_graph,
+                 struct ggml_tensor** output,
+                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx) override {
+        if (*output == nullptr && output_ctx != nullptr) {
+            *output = ggml_dup_tensor(output_ctx, z);
+        }
+        ggml_ext_tensor_iter(z, [&](ggml_tensor* z, int64_t i0, int64_t i1, int64_t i2, int64_t i3) {
+            float value = ggml_ext_tensor_get_f32(z, i0, i1, i2, i3);
+            ggml_ext_tensor_set_f32(*output, value, i0, i1, i2, i3);
+        });
+    }
+
+    void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors, const std::string prefix) override {}
+
+    std::string get_desc() override {
+        return "fake_vae";
+    }
 };
 
 struct AutoEncoderKL : public VAE {
@@ -538,31 +614,44 @@ struct AutoEncoderKL : public VAE {
 
     AutoEncoderKL(ggml_backend_t backend,
                   bool offload_params_to_cpu,
-                  const String2GGMLType& tensor_types,
+                  const String2TensorStorage& tensor_storage_map,
                   const std::string prefix,
                   bool decode_only       = false,
                   bool use_video_decoder = false,
                   SDVersion version      = VERSION_SD1)
-        : decode_only(decode_only), ae(decode_only, use_video_decoder, version), VAE(backend, offload_params_to_cpu) {
-        ae.init(params_ctx, tensor_types, prefix);
+        : decode_only(decode_only), VAE(backend, offload_params_to_cpu) {
+        bool use_linear_projection = false;
+        for (const auto& [name, tensor_storage] : tensor_storage_map) {
+            if (!starts_with(name, prefix)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (ends_with(name, "attn_1.proj_out.weight")) {
+                if (tensor_storage.n_dims == 2) {
+                    use_linear_projection = true;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        ae = AutoencodingEngine(version, decode_only, use_linear_projection, use_video_decoder);
+        ae.init(params_ctx, tensor_storage_map, prefix);
     }
 
-    void enable_conv2d_direct() {
+    void set_conv2d_scale(float scale) override {
         std::vector<GGMLBlock*> blocks;
         ae.get_all_blocks(blocks);
         for (auto block : blocks) {
             if (block->get_desc() == "Conv2d") {
                 auto conv_block = (Conv2d*)block;
-                conv_block->enable_direct();
+                conv_block->set_scale(scale);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    std::string get_desc() {
+    std::string get_desc() override {
         return "vae";
     }
 
-    void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors, const std::string prefix) {
+    void get_param_tensors(std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*>& tensors, const std::string prefix) override {
         ae.get_param_tensors(tensors, prefix);
     }
 
@@ -571,7 +660,9 @@ struct AutoEncoderKL : public VAE {
 
         z = to_backend(z);
 
-        struct ggml_tensor* out = decode_graph ? ae.decode(compute_ctx, z) : ae.encode(compute_ctx, z);
+        auto runner_ctx = get_context();
+
+        struct ggml_tensor* out = decode_graph ? ae.decode(&runner_ctx, z) : ae.encode(&runner_ctx, z);
 
         ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, out);
 
@@ -582,7 +673,8 @@ struct AutoEncoderKL : public VAE {
                  struct ggml_tensor* z,
                  bool decode_graph,
                  struct ggml_tensor** output,
-                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = NULL) {
+                 struct ggml_context* output_ctx = nullptr) override {
+        GGML_ASSERT(!decode_only || decode_graph);
         auto get_graph = [&]() -> struct ggml_cgraph* {
             return build_graph(z, decode_graph);
         };
@@ -594,11 +686,11 @@ struct AutoEncoderKL : public VAE {
     void test() {
         struct ggml_init_params params;
         params.mem_size   = static_cast<size_t>(10 * 1024 * 1024);  // 10 MB
-        params.mem_buffer = NULL;
+        params.mem_buffer = nullptr;
         params.no_alloc   = false;
 
         struct ggml_context* work_ctx = ggml_init(params);
-        GGML_ASSERT(work_ctx != NULL);
+        GGML_ASSERT(work_ctx != nullptr);
 
         {
             // CPU, x{1, 3, 64, 64}: Pass
@@ -608,7 +700,7 @@ struct AutoEncoderKL : public VAE {
             auto x = ggml_new_tensor_4d(work_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 64, 64, 3, 2);
             ggml_set_f32(x, 0.5f);
             print_ggml_tensor(x);
-            struct ggml_tensor* out = NULL;
+            struct ggml_tensor* out = nullptr;
 
             int t0 = ggml_time_ms();
             compute(8, x, false, &out, work_ctx);
@@ -626,7 +718,7 @@ struct AutoEncoderKL : public VAE {
             auto z = ggml_new_tensor_4d(work_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 8, 8, 4, 1);
             ggml_set_f32(z, 0.5f);
             print_ggml_tensor(z);
-            struct ggml_tensor* out = NULL;
+            struct ggml_tensor* out = nullptr;
 
             int t0 = ggml_time_ms();
             compute(8, z, true, &out, work_ctx);