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9 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
stduhpf
83ef4e44ce feat: add T5 with llama.cpp naming convention support (#654) 2025-07-02 23:13:00 +08:00
leejet
7dac89ad75 refector: reuse some code 2025-07-01 23:33:50 +08:00
stduhpf
9251756086 feat: add CosXL support (#683) 2025-07-01 23:13:04 +08:00
leejet
ecf5db97ae chore: fix windows build and release 2025-07-01 23:05:48 +08:00
stduhpf
ea46fd6948 fix: force zero-initialize output of tiling (#703) 2025-07-01 23:01:29 +08:00
leejet
23de7fc44a chore: avoid warnings when building on linux 2025-06-30 23:49:52 +08:00
rmatif
d42fd59464 feat: add OpenCL backend support (#680) 2025-06-30 23:32:23 +08:00
Wagner Bruna
0d8b39f0ba fix: avoid crash on sdxl loras (#658)
Some SDXL LoRAs (eg. PCM) can exceed 12k nodes.
2025-06-30 23:29:32 +08:00
R0CKSTAR
539b5b9374 fix: fix musa docker build (#662)
Signed-off-by: Xiaodong Ye <xiaodong.ye@mthreads.com>
2025-06-30 23:27:40 +08:00
14 changed files with 255 additions and 70 deletions

View File

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ jobs:
sd-${{ env.BRANCH_NAME }}-${{ steps.commit.outputs.short }}-bin-${{ steps.system-info.outputs.OS_TYPE }}-${{ steps.system-info.outputs.OS_NAME }}-${{ steps.system-info.outputs.OS_VERSION }}-${{ steps.system-info.outputs.CPU_ARCH }}.zip
windows-latest-cmake:
runs-on: windows-2019
runs-on: windows-2025
env:
VULKAN_VERSION: 1.3.261.1

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@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ option(SD_CUDA "sd: cuda backend" OFF)
option(SD_HIPBLAS "sd: rocm backend" OFF)
option(SD_METAL "sd: metal backend" OFF)
option(SD_VULKAN "sd: vulkan backend" OFF)
option(SD_OPENCL "sd: opencl backend" OFF)
option(SD_SYCL "sd: sycl backend" OFF)
option(SD_MUSA "sd: musa backend" OFF)
option(SD_FAST_SOFTMAX "sd: x1.5 faster softmax, indeterministic (sometimes, same seed don't generate same image), cuda only" OFF)
@@ -52,6 +53,12 @@ if (SD_VULKAN)
add_definitions(-DSD_USE_VULKAN)
endif ()
if (SD_OPENCL)
message("-- Use OpenCL as backend stable-diffusion")
set(GGML_OPENCL ON)
add_definitions(-DSD_USE_OPENCL)
endif ()
if (SD_HIPBLAS)
message("-- Use HIPBLAS as backend stable-diffusion")
set(GGML_HIP ON)

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@@ -2,14 +2,17 @@ ARG MUSA_VERSION=rc3.1.1
FROM mthreads/musa:${MUSA_VERSION}-devel-ubuntu22.04 as build
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y cmake
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y ccache cmake git
WORKDIR /sd.cpp
COPY . .
RUN mkdir build && cd build && \
cmake .. -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DSD_MUSA=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release && \
cmake .. -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ \
-DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -fopenmp -I/usr/lib/llvm-14/lib/clang/14.0.0/include -L/usr/lib/llvm-14/lib" \
-DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -fopenmp -I/usr/lib/llvm-14/lib/clang/14.0.0/include -L/usr/lib/llvm-14/lib" \
-DSD_MUSA=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release && \
cmake --build . --config Release
FROM mthreads/musa:${MUSA_VERSION}-runtime-ubuntu22.04 as runtime

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@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Inference of Stable Diffusion and Flux in pure C/C++
- Accelerated memory-efficient CPU inference
- Only requires ~2.3GB when using txt2img with fp16 precision to generate a 512x512 image, enabling Flash Attention just requires ~1.8GB.
- AVX, AVX2 and AVX512 support for x86 architectures
- Full CUDA, Metal, Vulkan and SYCL backend for GPU acceleration.
- Full CUDA, Metal, Vulkan, OpenCL and SYCL backend for GPU acceleration.
- Can load ckpt, safetensors and diffusers models/checkpoints. Standalone VAEs models
- No need to convert to `.ggml` or `.gguf` anymore!
- Flash Attention for memory usage optimization
@@ -160,6 +160,73 @@ cmake .. -DSD_VULKAN=ON
cmake --build . --config Release
```
##### Using OpenCL (for Adreno GPU)
Currently, it supports only Adreno GPUs and is primarily optimized for Q4_0 type
To build for Windows ARM please refers to [Windows 11 Arm64
](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/blob/master/docs/backend/OPENCL.md#windows-11-arm64)
Building for Android:
Android NDK:
Download and install the Android NDK from the [official Android developer site](https://developer.android.com/ndk/downloads).
Setup OpenCL Dependencies for NDK:
You need to provide OpenCL headers and the ICD loader library to your NDK sysroot.
* OpenCL Headers:
```bash
# In a temporary working directory
git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-Headers
cd OpenCL-Headers
# Replace <YOUR_NDK_PATH> with your actual NDK installation path
# e.g., cp -r CL /path/to/android-ndk-r26c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/include
sudo cp -r CL <YOUR_NDK_PATH>/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/include
cd ..
```
* OpenCL ICD Loader:
```bash
# In the same temporary working directory
git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-ICD-Loader
cd OpenCL-ICD-Loader
mkdir build_ndk && cd build_ndk
# Replace <YOUR_NDK_PATH> in the CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE and OPENCL_ICD_LOADER_HEADERS_DIR
cmake .. -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=<YOUR_NDK_PATH>/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake \
-DOPENCL_ICD_LOADER_HEADERS_DIR=<YOUR_NDK_PATH>/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/include \
-DANDROID_ABI=arm64-v8a \
-DANDROID_PLATFORM=24 \
-DANDROID_STL=c++_shared
ninja
# Replace <YOUR_NDK_PATH>
# e.g., cp libOpenCL.so /path/to/android-ndk-r26c/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-android
sudo cp libOpenCL.so <YOUR_NDK_PATH>/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-android
cd ../..
```
Build `stable-diffusion.cpp` for Android with OpenCL:
```bash
mkdir build-android && cd build-android
# Replace <YOUR_NDK_PATH> with your actual NDK installation path
# e.g., -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/path/to/android-ndk-r26c/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake
cmake .. -G Ninja \
-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=<YOUR_NDK_PATH>/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake \
-DANDROID_ABI=arm64-v8a \
-DANDROID_PLATFORM=android-28 \
-DGGML_OPENMP=OFF \
-DSD_OPENCL=ON
ninja
```
*(Note: Don't forget to include `LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/vendor/lib64` in your command line before running the binary)*
##### Using SYCL
Using SYCL makes the computation run on the Intel GPU. Please make sure you have installed the related driver and [Intel® oneAPI Base toolkit](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html) before start. More details and steps can refer to [llama.cpp SYCL backend](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/docs/backend/SYCL.md#linux).

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@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ public:
// x: [N, channels, h, w]
auto conv = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Conv2d>(blocks["conv"]);
x = ggml_upscale(ctx, x, 2); // [N, channels, h*2, w*2]
x = conv->forward(ctx, x); // [N, out_channels, h*2, w*2]
x = ggml_upscale(ctx, x, 2, GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST); // [N, channels, h*2, w*2]
x = conv->forward(ctx, x); // [N, out_channels, h*2, w*2]
return x;
}
};

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@@ -168,24 +168,21 @@ struct AYSSchedule : SigmaSchedule {
std::vector<float> inputs;
std::vector<float> results(n + 1);
switch (version) {
case VERSION_SD2: /* fallthrough */
LOG_WARN("AYS not designed for SD2.X models");
case VERSION_SD1:
LOG_INFO("AYS using SD1.5 noise levels");
inputs = noise_levels[0];
break;
case VERSION_SDXL:
LOG_INFO("AYS using SDXL noise levels");
inputs = noise_levels[1];
break;
case VERSION_SVD:
LOG_INFO("AYS using SVD noise levels");
inputs = noise_levels[2];
break;
default:
LOG_ERROR("Version not compatable with AYS scheduler");
return results;
if (sd_version_is_sd2((SDVersion)version)) {
LOG_WARN("AYS not designed for SD2.X models");
} /* fallthrough */
else if (sd_version_is_sd1((SDVersion)version)) {
LOG_INFO("AYS using SD1.5 noise levels");
inputs = noise_levels[0];
} else if (sd_version_is_sdxl((SDVersion)version)) {
LOG_INFO("AYS using SDXL noise levels");
inputs = noise_levels[1];
} else if (version == VERSION_SVD) {
LOG_INFO("AYS using SVD noise levels");
inputs = noise_levels[2];
} else {
LOG_ERROR("Version not compatable with AYS scheduler");
return results;
}
/* Stretches those pre-calculated reference levels out to the desired
@@ -346,6 +343,32 @@ struct CompVisVDenoiser : public CompVisDenoiser {
}
};
struct EDMVDenoiser : public CompVisVDenoiser {
float min_sigma = 0.002;
float max_sigma = 120.0;
EDMVDenoiser(float min_sigma = 0.002, float max_sigma = 120.0)
: min_sigma(min_sigma), max_sigma(max_sigma) {
schedule = std::make_shared<ExponentialSchedule>();
}
float t_to_sigma(float t) {
return std::exp(t * 4 / (float)TIMESTEPS);
}
float sigma_to_t(float s) {
return 0.25 * std::log(s);
}
float sigma_min() {
return min_sigma;
}
float sigma_max() {
return max_sigma;
}
};
float time_snr_shift(float alpha, float t) {
if (alpha == 1.0f) {
return t;

View File

@@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ public:
body_feat = conv_body->forward(ctx, body_feat);
feat = ggml_add(ctx, feat, body_feat);
// upsample
feat = lrelu(ctx, conv_up1->forward(ctx, ggml_upscale(ctx, feat, 2)));
feat = lrelu(ctx, conv_up2->forward(ctx, ggml_upscale(ctx, feat, 2)));
feat = lrelu(ctx, conv_up1->forward(ctx, ggml_upscale(ctx, feat, 2, GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST)));
feat = lrelu(ctx, conv_up2->forward(ctx, ggml_upscale(ctx, feat, 2, GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST)));
auto out = conv_last->forward(ctx, lrelu(ctx, conv_hr->forward(ctx, feat)));
return out;
}

2
ggml

Submodule ggml updated: ff9052988b...9e4bee1c5a

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@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@
#include "ggml-vulkan.h"
#endif
#ifdef SD_USE_OPENCL
#include "ggml-opencl.h"
#endif
#ifdef SD_USE_SYCL
#include "ggml-sycl.h"
#endif
@@ -113,7 +117,8 @@ __STATIC_INLINE__ struct ggml_tensor* ggml_kronecker(ggml_context* ctx, struct g
a->ne[0] * b->ne[0],
a->ne[1] * b->ne[1],
a->ne[2] * b->ne[2],
a->ne[3] * b->ne[3]),
a->ne[3] * b->ne[3],
GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST),
b);
}
@@ -597,6 +602,8 @@ typedef std::function<void(ggml_tensor*, ggml_tensor*, bool)> on_tile_process;
// Tiling
__STATIC_INLINE__ void sd_tiling(ggml_tensor* input, ggml_tensor* output, const int scale, const int tile_size, const float tile_overlap_factor, on_tile_process on_processing) {
output = ggml_set_f32(output, 0);
int input_width = (int)input->ne[0];
int input_height = (int)input->ne[1];
int output_width = (int)output->ne[0];

View File

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
#include "ggml_extend.hpp"
#define LORA_GRAPH_SIZE 10240
#define LORA_GRAPH_SIZE 15360
struct LoraModel : public GGMLRunner {
enum lora_t {

View File

@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@
#include "ggml-vulkan.h"
#endif
#ifdef SD_USE_OPENCL
#include "ggml-opencl.h"
#endif
#define ST_HEADER_SIZE_LEN 8
uint64_t read_u64(uint8_t* buffer) {
@@ -177,6 +181,64 @@ std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> pmid_v2_name_map = {
std::string convert_open_clip_to_hf_clip(const std::string& name) {
std::string new_name = name;
std::string prefix;
if (contains(new_name, ".enc.")) {
// llama.cpp naming convention for T5
size_t pos = new_name.find(".enc.");
if (pos != std::string::npos) {
new_name.replace(pos, 5, ".encoder.");
}
pos = new_name.find("blk.");
if (pos != std::string::npos) {
new_name.replace(pos, 4, "block.");
}
pos = new_name.find("output_norm.");
if (pos != std::string::npos) {
new_name.replace(pos, 12, "final_layer_norm.");
}
pos = new_name.find("attn_k.");
if (pos != std::string::npos) {
new_name.replace(pos, 7, "layer.0.SelfAttention.k.");
}
pos = new_name.find("attn_v.");
if (pos != std::string::npos) {
new_name.replace(pos, 7, "layer.0.SelfAttention.v.");
}
pos = new_name.find("attn_o.");
if (pos != std::string::npos) {
new_name.replace(pos, 7, "layer.0.SelfAttention.o.");
}
pos = new_name.find("attn_q.");
if (pos != std::string::npos) {
new_name.replace(pos, 7, "layer.0.SelfAttention.q.");
}
pos = new_name.find("attn_norm.");
if (pos != std::string::npos) {
new_name.replace(pos, 10, "layer.0.layer_norm.");
}
pos = new_name.find("ffn_norm.");
if (pos != std::string::npos) {
new_name.replace(pos, 9, "layer.1.layer_norm.");
}
pos = new_name.find("ffn_up.");
if (pos != std::string::npos) {
new_name.replace(pos, 7, "layer.1.DenseReluDense.wi_1.");
}
pos = new_name.find("ffn_down.");
if (pos != std::string::npos) {
new_name.replace(pos, 9, "layer.1.DenseReluDense.wo.");
}
pos = new_name.find("ffn_gate.");
if (pos != std::string::npos) {
new_name.replace(pos, 9, "layer.1.DenseReluDense.wi_0.");
}
pos = new_name.find("attn_rel_b.");
if (pos != std::string::npos) {
new_name.replace(pos, 11, "layer.0.SelfAttention.relative_attention_bias.");
}
} else if (name == "text_encoders.t5xxl.transformer.token_embd.weight") {
new_name = "text_encoders.t5xxl.transformer.shared.weight";
}
if (starts_with(new_name, "conditioner.embedders.0.open_clip.")) {
prefix = "cond_stage_model.";
new_name = new_name.substr(strlen("conditioner.embedders.0.open_clip."));

View File

@@ -103,6 +103,9 @@ public:
bool vae_tiling = false;
bool stacked_id = false;
bool is_using_v_parameterization = false;
bool is_using_edm_v_parameterization = false;
std::map<std::string, struct ggml_tensor*> tensors;
std::string lora_model_dir;
@@ -181,6 +184,14 @@ public:
LOG_WARN("Failed to initialize Vulkan backend");
}
#endif
#ifdef SD_USE_OPENCL
LOG_DEBUG("Using OpenCL backend");
// ggml_log_set(ggml_log_callback_default, nullptr); // Optional ggml logs
backend = ggml_backend_opencl_init();
if (!backend) {
LOG_WARN("Failed to initialize OpenCL backend");
}
#endif
#ifdef SD_USE_SYCL
LOG_DEBUG("Using SYCL backend");
backend = ggml_backend_sycl_init(0);
@@ -276,10 +287,10 @@ public:
model_loader.set_wtype_override(GGML_TYPE_F32, "vae.");
}
LOG_INFO("Weight type: %s", model_wtype != SD_TYPE_COUNT ? ggml_type_name(model_wtype) : "??");
LOG_INFO("Conditioner weight type: %s", conditioner_wtype != SD_TYPE_COUNT ? ggml_type_name(conditioner_wtype) : "??");
LOG_INFO("Diffusion model weight type: %s", diffusion_model_wtype != SD_TYPE_COUNT ? ggml_type_name(diffusion_model_wtype) : "??");
LOG_INFO("VAE weight type: %s", vae_wtype != SD_TYPE_COUNT ? ggml_type_name(vae_wtype) : "??");
LOG_INFO("Weight type: %s", model_wtype != GGML_TYPE_COUNT ? ggml_type_name(model_wtype) : "??");
LOG_INFO("Conditioner weight type: %s", conditioner_wtype != GGML_TYPE_COUNT ? ggml_type_name(conditioner_wtype) : "??");
LOG_INFO("Diffusion model weight type: %s", diffusion_model_wtype != GGML_TYPE_COUNT ? ggml_type_name(diffusion_model_wtype) : "??");
LOG_INFO("VAE weight type: %s", vae_wtype != GGML_TYPE_COUNT ? ggml_type_name(vae_wtype) : "??");
LOG_DEBUG("ggml tensor size = %d bytes", (int)sizeof(ggml_tensor));
@@ -535,12 +546,17 @@ public:
LOG_INFO("loading model from '%s' completed, taking %.2fs", model_path.c_str(), (t1 - t0) * 1.0f / 1000);
// check is_using_v_parameterization_for_sd2
bool is_using_v_parameterization = false;
if (sd_version_is_sd2(version)) {
if (is_using_v_parameterization_for_sd2(ctx, sd_version_is_inpaint(version))) {
is_using_v_parameterization = true;
}
} else if (sd_version_is_sdxl(version)) {
if (model_loader.tensor_storages_types.find("edm_vpred.sigma_max") != model_loader.tensor_storages_types.end()) {
// CosXL models
// TODO: get sigma_min and sigma_max values from file
is_using_edm_v_parameterization = true;
}
if (model_loader.tensor_storages_types.find("v_pred") != model_loader.tensor_storages_types.end()) {
is_using_v_parameterization = true;
}
@@ -565,6 +581,9 @@ public:
} else if (is_using_v_parameterization) {
LOG_INFO("running in v-prediction mode");
denoiser = std::make_shared<CompVisVDenoiser>();
} else if (is_using_edm_v_parameterization) {
LOG_INFO("running in v-prediction EDM mode");
denoiser = std::make_shared<EDMVDenoiser>();
} else {
LOG_INFO("running in eps-prediction mode");
}
@@ -1388,7 +1407,7 @@ sd_image_t* generate_image(sd_ctx_t* sd_ctx,
SDCondition uncond;
if (cfg_scale != 1.0) {
bool force_zero_embeddings = false;
if (sd_version_is_sdxl(sd_ctx->sd->version) && negative_prompt.size() == 0) {
if (sd_version_is_sdxl(sd_ctx->sd->version) && negative_prompt.size() == 0 && !sd_ctx->sd->is_using_edm_v_parameterization) {
force_zero_embeddings = true;
}
uncond = sd_ctx->sd->cond_stage_model->get_learned_condition(work_ctx,
@@ -1547,6 +1566,29 @@ sd_image_t* generate_image(sd_ctx_t* sd_ctx,
return result_images;
}
ggml_tensor* generate_init_latent(sd_ctx_t* sd_ctx,
ggml_context* work_ctx,
int width,
int height) {
int C = 4;
if (sd_version_is_sd3(sd_ctx->sd->version)) {
C = 16;
} else if (sd_version_is_flux(sd_ctx->sd->version)) {
C = 16;
}
int W = width / 8;
int H = height / 8;
ggml_tensor* init_latent = ggml_new_tensor_4d(work_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, W, H, C, 1);
if (sd_version_is_sd3(sd_ctx->sd->version)) {
ggml_set_f32(init_latent, 0.0609f);
} else if (sd_version_is_flux(sd_ctx->sd->version)) {
ggml_set_f32(init_latent, 0.1159f);
} else {
ggml_set_f32(init_latent, 0.f);
}
return init_latent;
}
sd_image_t* txt2img(sd_ctx_t* sd_ctx,
const char* prompt_c_str,
const char* negative_prompt_c_str,
@@ -1603,27 +1645,12 @@ sd_image_t* txt2img(sd_ctx_t* sd_ctx,
std::vector<float> sigmas = sd_ctx->sd->denoiser->get_sigmas(sample_steps);
int C = 4;
if (sd_version_is_sd3(sd_ctx->sd->version)) {
C = 16;
} else if (sd_version_is_flux(sd_ctx->sd->version)) {
C = 16;
}
int W = width / 8;
int H = height / 8;
ggml_tensor* init_latent = ggml_new_tensor_4d(work_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, W, H, C, 1);
if (sd_version_is_sd3(sd_ctx->sd->version)) {
ggml_set_f32(init_latent, 0.0609f);
} else if (sd_version_is_flux(sd_ctx->sd->version)) {
ggml_set_f32(init_latent, 0.1159f);
} else {
ggml_set_f32(init_latent, 0.f);
}
if (sd_version_is_inpaint(sd_ctx->sd->version)) {
LOG_WARN("This is an inpainting model, this should only be used in img2img mode with a mask");
}
ggml_tensor* init_latent = generate_init_latent(sd_ctx, work_ctx, width, height);
sd_image_t* result_images = generate_image(sd_ctx,
work_ctx,
init_latent,
@@ -2027,23 +2054,6 @@ sd_image_t* edit(sd_ctx_t* sd_ctx,
}
sd_ctx->sd->rng->manual_seed(seed);
int C = 4;
if (sd_version_is_sd3(sd_ctx->sd->version)) {
C = 16;
} else if (sd_version_is_flux(sd_ctx->sd->version)) {
C = 16;
}
int W = width / 8;
int H = height / 8;
ggml_tensor* init_latent = ggml_new_tensor_4d(work_ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, W, H, C, 1);
if (sd_version_is_sd3(sd_ctx->sd->version)) {
ggml_set_f32(init_latent, 0.0609f);
} else if (sd_version_is_flux(sd_ctx->sd->version)) {
ggml_set_f32(init_latent, 0.1159f);
} else {
ggml_set_f32(init_latent, 0.f);
}
size_t t0 = ggml_time_ms();
std::vector<struct ggml_tensor*> ref_latents;
@@ -2066,6 +2076,8 @@ sd_image_t* edit(sd_ctx_t* sd_ctx,
std::vector<float> sigmas = sd_ctx->sd->denoiser->get_sigmas(sample_steps);
ggml_tensor* init_latent = generate_init_latent(sd_ctx, work_ctx, width, height);
sd_image_t* result_images = generate_image(sd_ctx,
work_ctx,
init_latent,

View File

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ public:
if (i == 1) {
h = ggml_relu_inplace(ctx, h);
} else {
h = ggml_upscale(ctx, h, 2);
h = ggml_upscale(ctx, h, 2, GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST);
}
continue;
}

View File

@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ struct UpscalerGGML {
LOG_DEBUG("Using Vulkan backend");
backend = ggml_backend_vk_init(0);
#endif
#ifdef SD_USE_OPENCL
LOG_DEBUG("Using OpenCL backend");
backend = ggml_backend_opencl_init();
#endif
#ifdef SD_USE_SYCL
LOG_DEBUG("Using SYCL backend");
backend = ggml_backend_sycl_init(0);